Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara Centre [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Beardy's and Okemasis 96 and 97B, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Niagara Centre Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Beardy's and Okemasis 96 and 97B, IRI Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Niagara Centre [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Niagara Centre [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Beardy's and Okemasis 96 and 97B, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	109,067	...	...	28	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	105,860	...	...	29	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.0	...	...	-3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	49,640	...	...	5	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	45,409	...	...	5	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	362.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	301.26	...	...	9.91	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	109,070	53,090	55,975	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	16,385	8,435	7,950	x	x	x
0 to 4 years	5,050	2,615	2,440	x	x	x
5 to 9 years	5,490	2,790	2,700	x	x	x
10 to 14 years	5,840	3,030	2,815	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	70,810	34,705	36,105	x	x	x
15 to 19 years	6,490	3,290	3,200	x	x	x
20 to 24 years	7,565	3,750	3,815	x	x	x
25 to 29 years	6,405	3,240	3,165	x	x	x
30 to 34 years	5,980	2,940	3,045	x	x	x
35 to 39 years	5,835	2,855	2,980	x	x	x
40 to 44 years	6,395	3,065	3,330	x	x	x
45 to 49 years	7,130	3,460	3,670	x	x	x
50 to 54 years	8,665	4,255	4,405	x	x	x
55 to 59 years	8,570	4,160	4,405	x	x	x
60 to 64 years	7,775	3,685	4,090	x	x	x
65 years and over	21,875	9,950	11,920	x	x	x
65 to 69 years	6,925	3,420	3,505	x	x	x
70 to 74 years	5,250	2,515	2,735	x	x	x
75 to 79 years	3,745	1,740	2,010	x	x	x
80 to 84 years	2,815	1,185	1,630	x	x	x
85 years and over	3,135	1,085	2,045	x	x	x
85 to 89 years	2,010	765	1,245	x	x	x
90 to 94 years	900	275	620	x	x	x
95 to 99 years	210	45	165	x	x	x
100 years and over	20	0	15	x	x	x
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.9	14.2	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.4	64.5	x	x	x
65 years and over	20.1	18.7	21.3	x	x	x
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.7	x	x	x
Average age of the population	43.0	42.0	44.0	x	x	x
Median age of the population	44.6	43.4	45.7	x	x	x
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	45,410	...	...	x	...	...
Single-detached house	30,715	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,110	...	...	x	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	12,440	...	...	x	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,870	...	...	x	...	...
Row house	1,930	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,220	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,175	...	...	x	...	...
Other single-attached house	245	...	...	x	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	145	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	45,410	...	...	x	...	...
1 person	13,100	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	16,370	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	6,985	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	5,875	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	3,085	...	...	x	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,230	...	...	x	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	x	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	92,680	44,655	48,025	x	x	x
Married or living common law	51,285	25,630	25,655	x	x	x
Married	42,365	21,185	21,185	x	x	x
Living common law	8,925	4,450	4,475	x	x	x
Not married and not living common law	41,395	19,020	22,370	x	x	x
Never married	25,060	13,505	11,555	x	x	x
Separated	3,605	1,610	2,000	x	x	x
Divorced	6,195	2,580	3,620	x	x	x
Widowed	6,525	1,325	5,200	x	x	x
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	31,315	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	17,050	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	6,645	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	5,435	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	2,185	...	...	x	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	x	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	31,315	...	...	x	...	...
Total couple families	25,170	...	...	x	...	...
Married couples	20,705	...	...	x	...	...
Common-law couples	4,465	...	...	x	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,145	...	...	x	...	...
Female parent	4,865	...	...	x	...	...
Male parent	1,285	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	25,170	...	...	x	...	...
Couples without children	13,275	...	...	x	...	...
Couples with children	11,895	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	4,945	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	4,940	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	2,010	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,145	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	3,775	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	1,700	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	665	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,735	9,330	10,410	x	x	x
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	45,410	...	...	x	...	...
One-census-family households	29,780	...	...	x	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	12,625	...	...	x	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	17,155	...	...	x	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	760	...	...	x	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,870	...	...	x	...	...
One-person households	13,095	...	...	x	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,770	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	107,725	52,520	55,200	x	x	x
English only	94,975	46,895	48,085	x	x	x
French only	215	85	135	x	x	x
English and French	11,980	5,335	6,645	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	545	200	345	x	x	x
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	107,725	52,520	55,205	x	x	x
English	100,770	49,380	51,380	x	x	x
French	6,095	2,795	3,300	x	x	x
English and French	330	150	185	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	530	190	340	x	x	x
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	6,260	2,865	3,390	x	x	x
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	5.8	5.5	6.1	x	x	x
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	107,725	52,520	55,205	x	x	x
Single responses	106,050	51,710	54,345	x	x	x
Official languages	93,810	45,950	47,860	x	x	x
English	87,425	43,010	44,420	x	x	x
French	6,385	2,945	3,440	x	x	x
Non-official languages	12,240	5,755	6,480	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	15	5	5	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	10	5	5	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	5	0	5	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,225	5,750	6,475	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	695	365	335	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	5	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	15	5	15	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	680	360	320	x	x	x
Amharic	15	5	5	x	x	x
Arabic	555	295	265	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	25	20	5	x	x	x
Maltese	50	25	25	x	x	x
Tigrigna	15	5	10	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	65	75	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	x	x	x
Vietnamese	105	50	55	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	325	115	205	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	25	10	15	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	25	10	15	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	5	0	5	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	265	95	175	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	x	x	x
Creole languages	75	35	40	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	25	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	110	55	55	x	x	x
Kannada	0	5	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	50	25	30	x	x	x
Tamil	50	20	25	x	x	x
Telugu	0	5	5	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	8,370	3,950	4,425	x	x	x
Albanian	25	15	15	x	x	x
Armenian	10	5	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	1,955	875	1,075	x	x	x
Baltic languages	40	15	25	x	x	x
Latvian	15	0	10	x	x	x
Lithuanian	25	10	10	x	x	x
Slavic languages	1,915	865	1,050	x	x	x
Belarusan	10	0	5	x	x	x
Bosnian	40	25	15	x	x	x
Bulgarian	20	15	5	x	x	x
Croatian	290	140	155	x	x	x
Czech	60	30	25	x	x	x
Macedonian	15	5	10	x	x	x
Polish	695	300	395	x	x	x
Russian	185	80	100	x	x	x
Serbian	55	20	30	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	x	x	x
Slovak	140	65	75	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	x	x	x
Ukrainian	340	150	190	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	5	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	1,350	640	710	x	x	x
Afrikaans	15	5	10	x	x	x
Danish	25	10	10	x	x	x
Dutch	545	260	280	x	x	x
Frisian	15	5	5	x	x	x
German	715	340	375	x	x	x
Icelandic	5	0	5	x	x	x
Norwegian	10	5	5	x	x	x
Swedish	15	5	10	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	x	x	x
Yiddish	5	5	5	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	115	55	55	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	630	315	315	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	525	265	265	x	x	x
Bengali	40	15	20	x	x	x
Gujarati	90	45	50	x	x	x
Hindi	100	60	40	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	10	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	0	0	5	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	35	55	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	5	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	x	x	x
Urdu	185	90	90	x	x	x
Iranian languages	105	55	50	x	x	x
Kurdish	15	10	5	x	x	x
Pashto	10	5	5	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	80	40	40	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	4,295	2,035	2,255	x	x	x
Catalan	0	5	0	x	x	x
Italian	3,170	1,510	1,660	x	x	x
Portuguese	225	115	115	x	x	x
Romanian	65	30	30	x	x	x
Spanish	825	380	445	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	x	x	x
Japanese	40	10	25	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	320	150	170	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	145	80	70	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	25	20	10	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	5	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	5	5	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	25	10	15	x	x	x
Swahili	20	10	10	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	20	15	10	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	20	15	10	x	x	x
American Sign Language	10	10	5	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,225	565	660	x	x	x
Chinese languages	1,220	560	660	x	x	x
Cantonese	210	95	120	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	930	425	505	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	30	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	5	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	35	x	x	x
Lao	35	20	20	x	x	x
Thai	20	5	15	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	50	25	20	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	40	20	15	x	x	x
Uyghur	5	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	5	5	5	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	645	295	345	x	x	x
Estonian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Finnish	25	10	15	x	x	x
Hungarian	590	275	315	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	1,675	810	865	x	x	x
English and French	720	360	360	x	x	x
English and non-official language	880	410	465	x	x	x
French and non-official language	50	25	20	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	30	10	15	x	x	x
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	107,725	52,520	55,205	x	x	x
Single responses	105,145	51,380	53,760	x	x	x
Official languages	100,690	49,340	51,355	x	x	x
English	98,725	48,515	50,210	x	x	x
French	1,965	820	1,140	x	x	x
Non-official languages	4,450	2,045	2,410	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,455	2,040	2,405	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	305	155	150	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	305	155	150	x	x	x
Amharic	5	5	0	x	x	x
Arabic	260	125	135	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	10	10	5	x	x	x
Maltese	5	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	10	5	5	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	25	40	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	x	x	x
Vietnamese	55	20	35	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	105	45	55	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	10	0	5	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	5	5	5	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	0	0	5	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	45	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	50	25	25	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	15	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	35	15	25	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	20	10	15	x	x	x
Tamil	20	5	10	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	2,515	1,110	1,405	x	x	x
Albanian	15	5	10	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	585	260	320	x	x	x
Baltic languages	10	5	5	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	5	0	5	x	x	x
Slavic languages	575	260	315	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	30	20	10	x	x	x
Bulgarian	5	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	80	30	45	x	x	x
Czech	15	5	10	x	x	x
Macedonian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	215	100	110	x	x	x
Russian	100	45	55	x	x	x
Serbian	20	5	10	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovak	25	10	15	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	x	x	x
Ukrainian	65	25	40	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	75	40	40	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dutch	15	5	10	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	60	30	25	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	5	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	35	20	15	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	335	170	165	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	290	145	145	x	x	x
Bengali	15	10	10	x	x	x
Gujarati	70	35	35	x	x	x
Hindi	40	25	20	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	5	5	5	x	x	x
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	x	x	x
Sindhi	5	5	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	x	x	x
Urdu	105	55	50	x	x	x
Iranian languages	45	20	20	x	x	x
Kurdish	15	5	10	x	x	x
Pashto	0	5	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	15	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	1,475	610	865	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	955	380	580	x	x	x
Portuguese	70	30	40	x	x	x
Romanian	25	10	10	x	x	x
Spanish	420	190	230	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	15	5	10	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	235	110	125	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	5	0	5	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	10	5	10	x	x	x
Swahili	5	5	5	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	20	15	10	x	x	x
American Sign Language	5	5	0	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	880	430	450	x	x	x
Chinese languages	880	430	450	x	x	x
Cantonese	120	55	65	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	715	345	370	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	15	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	x	x	x
Lao	20	10	10	x	x	x
Thai	10	0	5	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	25	15	5	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	x	x	x
Turkish	20	10	10	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	140	60	75	x	x	x
Estonian	5	0	5	x	x	x
Finnish	5	5	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	130	65	70	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	2,585	1,140	1,440	x	x	x
English and French	510	195	315	x	x	x
English and non-official language	2,005	915	1,090	x	x	x
French and non-official language	25	10	15	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	40	20	20	x	x	x
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	107,725	52,520	55,205	x	x	x
None	97,580	47,870	49,710	x	x	x
English	2,950	1,340	1,610	x	x	x
French	3,150	1,400	1,750	x	x	x
Non-official language	3,910	1,845	2,065	x	x	x
Aboriginal	30	15	15	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	3,880	1,835	2,050	x	x	x
English and French	30	15	20	x	x	x
English and non-official language	40	20	20	x	x	x
French and non-official language	65	30	40	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	90,860	43,855	47,010	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,455	42,320	45,135	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,072	36,421	25,251	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,480	42,320	45,160	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,783	33,127	23,789	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,230	37,790	38,440	x	x	x
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,911	33,530	21,476	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,655	30,680	36,975	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,418	7,190	7,556	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,030	31,735	29,295	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,041	32,643	24,562	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	90,900	43,875	47,020	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,530	42,280	45,255	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,460	44,785	32,552	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,555	42,275	45,280	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,163	37,961	28,683	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,220	37,720	38,505	x	x	x
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,399	43,272	29,666	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,740	30,665	37,075	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,516	8,925	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,045	31,785	29,265	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,315	40,906	31,328	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	90,895	43,875	47,025	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	27,505	15,380	12,125	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,611	52,971	41,854	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,092	60,610	48,096	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.6	86.5	77.5	x	x	x
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.2	69.3	62.0	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.4	13.5	22.4	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	90,860	43,855	47,010	x	x	x
Without total income	3,405	1,535	1,870	x	x	x
With total income	87,455	42,320	45,140	x	x	x
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.5	96.0	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,440	5,210	7,230	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	16,625	6,395	10,230	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	14,555	5,740	8,810	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	11,690	5,760	5,930	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	9,510	4,900	4,605	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	6,715	3,860	2,855	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	4,555	2,845	1,715	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	3,035	1,980	1,050	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190	1,435	755	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	1,990	1,185	805	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	4,145	2,995	1,155	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	3,170	2,230	940	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	975	760	215	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	90,860	43,855	47,005	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	3,380	1,535	1,845	x	x	x
With after-tax income	87,480	42,315	45,160	x	x	x
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.5	96.1	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,795	5,275	7,520	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	17,385	6,725	10,665	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	16,835	6,895	9,940	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	13,440	6,875	6,565	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	10,170	5,545	4,625	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	6,105	3,830	2,275	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	3,750	2,435	1,315	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	2,820	1,795	1,030	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	4,170	2,945	1,225	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	1,690	1,090	605	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	850	605	240	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	1,630	1,250	375	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	90,860	43,850	47,010	x	x	x
Without employment income	29,830	12,120	17,715	x	x	x
With employment income	61,030	31,730	29,295	x	x	x
Percentage with employment income	67.2	72.4	62.3	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,590	5,820	4,775	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	5,125	2,205	2,920	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	8,715	3,770	4,945	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	7,535	3,220	4,310	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	6,685	3,080	3,610	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	6,010	2,935	3,070	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	4,490	2,630	1,860	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	2,995	1,955	1,040	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	2,225	1,505	725	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	6,650	4,615	2,035	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	1,745	1,155	590	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	1,050	740	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	3,115	2,410	715	x	x	x
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	45,410	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,885	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,128	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	13,100	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,065	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,673	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,310	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,496	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,558	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,243	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,037	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,090	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,536	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,614	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	32,260	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,134	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,785	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	45,410	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	635	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	600	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,650	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,980	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,465	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,165	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,400	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,255	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,295	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,215	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,080	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,515	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,710	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,410	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,870	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,270	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,625	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,480	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	45,410	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	660	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	610	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,665	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,065	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,775	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,460	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,680	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,560	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,630	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,600	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,620	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,000	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,410	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,780	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,285	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,600	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,670	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,905	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,015	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	30,985	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,772	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,666	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	12,310	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,520	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,371	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,075	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,967	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,826	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,720	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,034	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,533	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	30,885	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,737	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,206	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	12,175	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,324	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,008	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,135	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,618	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,309	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,655	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,511	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,187	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,530	8,385	9,145	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,537	29,150	24,894	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,916	26,924	23,931	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	17,460	8,360	9,105	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,080	36,704	31,671	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,740	31,430	28,189	x	x	x
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	107,230	52,280	54,945	x	x	x
In the bottom half of the distribution	61,230	28,960	32,270	x	x	x
In the bottom decile	12,380	5,850	6,535	x	x	x
In the second decile	12,425	5,485	6,945	x	x	x
In the third decile	12,275	5,695	6,580	x	x	x
In the fourth decile	12,180	5,960	6,220	x	x	x
In the fifth decile	11,970	5,970	5,995	x	x	x
In the top half of the distribution	45,995	23,320	22,675	x	x	x
In the sixth decile	11,295	5,655	5,635	x	x	x
In the seventh decile	10,620	5,400	5,215	x	x	x
In the eighth decile	9,560	4,855	4,710	x	x	x
In the ninth decile	8,570	4,385	4,185	x	x	x
In the top decile	5,955	3,025	2,930	x	x	x
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	107,225	52,280	54,945	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	20,150	10,340	9,810	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	6,050	3,140	2,910	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	66,500	32,455	34,045	x	x	x
65 years and over	20,575	9,485	11,090	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,995	8,155	9,840	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	4,520	2,305	2,215	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	1,565	805	760	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	11,095	5,070	6,025	x	x	x
65 years and over	2,375	780	1,600	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.8	15.6	17.9	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	22.4	22.3	22.6	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	25.9	25.6	26.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.7	15.6	17.7	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	11.5	8.2	14.4	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,365	4,495	4,870	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	1,935	950	985	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	675	320	350	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	7,055	3,405	3,650	x	x	x
65 years and over	380	145	235	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.6	8.9	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.2	10.0	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	10.2	12.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	10.5	10.7	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	x	x	x
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
Official languages	106,685	52,105	54,580	x	x	x
English	106,425	52,010	54,420	x	x	x
French	12,115	5,380	6,735	x	x	x
Non-official languages	15,185	7,375	7,810	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	30	25	10	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	10	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	10	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	10	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,155	7,350	7,805	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	995	555	435	x	x	x
Berber languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	970	550	420	x	x	x
Amharic	25	10	15	x	x	x
Arabic	815	465	345	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	25	15	10	x	x	x
Maltese	85	40	45	x	x	x
Tigrigna	25	20	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	35	55	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	10	x	x	x
Vietnamese	75	35	45	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	325	115	210	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	10	10	10	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	10	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	10	10	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	310	110	195	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	160	65	95	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	90	35	50	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	140	75	65	x	x	x
Kannada	25	10	10	x	x	x
Malayalam	45	25	25	x	x	x
Tamil	60	25	35	x	x	x
Telugu	25	20	10	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	10,535	5,120	5,410	x	x	x
Albanian	20	10	10	x	x	x
Armenian	0	10	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	2,080	935	1,145	x	x	x
Baltic languages	45	10	30	x	x	x
Latvian	20	0	20	x	x	x
Lithuanian	20	10	15	x	x	x
Slavic languages	2,035	920	1,110	x	x	x
Belarusan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	60	35	30	x	x	x
Bulgarian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	340	175	165	x	x	x
Czech	75	35	35	x	x	x
Macedonian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Polish	830	325	505	x	x	x
Russian	195	100	90	x	x	x
Serbian	85	45	40	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovak	115	50	65	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	40	20	x	x	x
Ukrainian	365	165	205	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	1,555	775	775	x	x	x
Afrikaans	30	10	20	x	x	x
Danish	15	10	10	x	x	x
Dutch	560	285	270	x	x	x
Frisian	10	10	10	x	x	x
German	935	460	480	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Swedish	10	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	110	70	45	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	920	500	425	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	790	435	355	x	x	x
Bengali	60	30	30	x	x	x
Gujarati	95	50	45	x	x	x
Hindi	340	195	145	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	15	10	10	x	x	x
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	120	125	x	x	x
Sindhi	15	10	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	25	10	x	x	x
Urdu	280	145	135	x	x	x
Iranian languages	125	60	65	x	x	x
Kurdish	40	15	25	x	x	x
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	100	45	55	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	6,005	2,900	3,105	x	x	x
Catalan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Italian	4,100	1,995	2,105	x	x	x
Portuguese	345	165	180	x	x	x
Romanian	105	55	55	x	x	x
Spanish	1,635	770	865	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	x	x	x
Japanese	105	35	70	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	280	155	125	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	325	155	170	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	55	25	30	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	10	10	0	x	x	x
Ganda	10	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	20	10	10	x	x	x
Lingala	30	20	10	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	x	x	x
Shona	45	20	20	x	x	x
Swahili	55	30	20	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	65	30	35	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	215	115	100	x	x	x
American Sign Language	150	85	65	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,425	705	715	x	x	x
Chinese languages	1,420	705	705	x	x	x
Cantonese	275	150	125	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	1,155	575	580	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	25	45	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	105	45	60	x	x	x
Lao	55	30	30	x	x	x
Thai	60	25	35	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	35	20	10	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	10	x	x	x
Turkish	0	10	0	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	20	10	10	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	715	320	395	x	x	x
Estonian	35	15	25	x	x	x
Finnish	25	10	15	x	x	x
Hungarian	655	300	360	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	103,485	50,630	52,860	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,775	10,255	9,525	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,710	40,370	43,340	x	x	x
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	3,765	1,695	2,065	x	x	x
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	92,600	45,305	47,295	x	x	x
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	13,240	6,315	6,920	x	x	x
Before 1981	7,320	3,530	3,790	x	x	x
1981 to 1990	1,390	615	770	x	x	x
1991 to 2000	1,455	680	775	x	x	x
2001 to 2010	2,035	960	1,080	x	x	x
2001 to 2005	940	410	530	x	x	x
2006 to 2010	1,100	550	550	x	x	x
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,035	530	510	x	x	x
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,415	700	715	x	x	x
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	13,235	6,315	6,920	x	x	x
Under 5 years	1,900	1,015	880	x	x	x
5 to 14 years	3,090	1,595	1,495	x	x	x
15 to 24 years	3,240	1,470	1,770	x	x	x
25 to 44 years	4,225	1,885	2,340	x	x	x
45 years and over	790	350	430	x	x	x
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,235	6,315	6,920	x	x	x
Americas	2,380	995	1,380	x	x	x
Brazil	20	15	10	x	x	x
Colombia	160	65	90	x	x	x
El Salvador	145	65	75	x	x	x
Guyana	35	15	25	x	x	x
Haiti	95	40	55	x	x	x
Jamaica	175	110	70	x	x	x
Mexico	50	20	35	x	x	x
Peru	55	25	30	x	x	x
Trinidad and Tobago	120	50	65	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,055	370	685	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	470	225	245	x	x	x
Europe	7,745	3,780	3,965	x	x	x
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	25	40	x	x	x
Croatia	235	140	95	x	x	x
France	55	25	25	x	x	x
Germany	440	215	225	x	x	x
Greece	55	40	15	x	x	x
Hungary	340	170	170	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	65	45	20	x	x	x
Italy	2,430	1,210	1,220	x	x	x
Netherlands	525	315	210	x	x	x
Poland	550	220	330	x	x	x
Portugal	170	90	80	x	x	x
Romania	115	60	50	x	x	x
Russian Federation	50	10	30	x	x	x
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	15	10	10	x	x	x
Ukraine	115	55	60	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,955	885	1,070	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	565	250	315	x	x	x
Africa	690	355	335	x	x	x
Algeria	20	10	20	x	x	x
Egypt	55	35	25	x	x	x
Ethiopia	20	15	0	x	x	x
Kenya	20	10	10	x	x	x
Morocco	10	0	10	x	x	x
Nigeria	90	40	50	x	x	x
Somalia	20	10	10	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	60	20	40	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	395	215	175	x	x	x
Asia	2,400	1,160	1,240	x	x	x
Afghanistan	40	10	20	x	x	x
Bangladesh	25	20	10	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	420	205	215	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	65	25	40	x	x	x
India	435	210	230	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	70	35	30	x	x	x
Iraq	15	0	15	x	x	x
Japan	30	0	20	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	165	95	65	x	x	x
Lebanon	70	45	25	x	x	x
Pakistan	185	100	85	x	x	x
Philippines	295	100	195	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	50	30	15	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	100	45	55	x	x	x
Taiwan	10	0	0	x	x	x
Viet Nam	75	35	40	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	355	185	165	x	x	x
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	20	0	x	x	x
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,035	525	505	x	x	x
Americas	300	175	125	x	x	x
Brazil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Colombia	20	10	10	x	x	x
Cuba	10	10	0	x	x	x
Haiti	35	10	20	x	x	x
Jamaica	50	40	10	x	x	x
Mexico	15	0	10	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	90	45	45	x	x	x
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	45	35	15	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	15	x	x	x
Europe	115	55	55	x	x	x
France	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germany	10	0	0	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Romania	10	10	0	x	x	x
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukraine	10	10	0	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	40	20	20	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	25	x	x	x
Africa	75	35	40	x	x	x
Algeria	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cameroon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	x	x	x
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	x	x	x
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eritrea	10	0	0	x	x	x
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Morocco	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nigeria	10	0	10	x	x	x
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	x	x	x
Tunisia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	25	x	x	x
Asia	555	265	290	x	x	x
Afghanistan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	140	65	80	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	x	x	x
India	70	30	35	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iraq	0	0	10	x	x	x
Israel	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	30	10	x	x	x
Lebanon	10	10	10	x	x	x
Nepal	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pakistan	80	35	50	x	x	x
Philippines	70	20	45	x	x	x
Saudi Arabia	15	20	0	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	20	10	0	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	75	30	40	x	x	x
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkey	0	10	0	x	x	x
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	x	x	x
Viet Nam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Australia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	14,990	7,180	7,805	x	x	x
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	20,800	10,015	10,785	x	x	x
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	71,460	35,120	36,340	x	x	x
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	6,035	2,830	3,210	x	x	x
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,310	1,220	1,095	x	x	x
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	940	645	300	x	x	x
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,370	580	795	x	x	x
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,030	795	1,235	x	x	x
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,490	710	775	x	x	x
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	205	100	105	x	x	x
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,890	1,810	2,085	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,715	1,735	1,980	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,025	945	1,075	x	x	x
Métis	1,645	770	870	x	x	x
Inuk (Inuit)	50	20	35	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	95	50	45	x	x	x
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	75	20	60	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal identity	103,360	50,515	52,845	x	x	x
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,080	450	630	x	x	x
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,170	51,870	54,300	x	x	x
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	107,250	52,315	54,930	x	x	x
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	560	300	260	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	535	280	250	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	350	190	160	x	x	x
Métis single ancestry	175	90	85	x	x	x
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	25	20	10	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	15	10	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,180	2,475	2,705	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,010	2,385	2,625	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,590	1,680	1,910	x	x	x
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,400	690	710	x	x	x
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	20	10	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	165	90	80	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	85	70	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	x	x	x
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	101,510	49,540	51,970	x	x	x
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	8,065	3,965	4,100	x	x	x
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,265	630	635	x	x	x
Chinese	1,570	780	785	x	x	x
Black	2,005	1,005	1,000	x	x	x
Filipino	410	175	235	x	x	x
Latin American	880	385	490	x	x	x
Arab	640	370	265	x	x	x
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	275	115	155	x	x	x
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	140	70	75	x	x	x
Korean	305	170	130	x	x	x
Japanese	105	45	60	x	x	x
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	160	75	85	x	x	x
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	325	135	185	x	x	x
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	99,185	48,355	50,830	x	x	x
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	107,250	52,320	54,930	x	x	x
North American Aboriginal origins	5,740	2,780	2,960	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,130	1,980	2,145	x	x	x
Inuit	40	20	20	x	x	x
Métis	1,765	885	880	x	x	x
Other North American origins	36,435	17,735	18,695	x	x	x
Acadian	120	70	50	x	x	x
American	1,360	600	765	x	x	x
Canadian	35,330	17,245	18,080	x	x	x
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	x	x	x
Newfoundlander	115	55	60	x	x	x
Nova Scotian	30	20	15	x	x	x
Ontarian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Québécois	100	50	50	x	x	x
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	0	x	x	x
European origins	82,735	40,015	42,725	x	x	x
British Isles origins	48,770	23,410	25,360	x	x	x
Channel Islander	0	10	0	x	x	x
Cornish	0	0	10	x	x	x
English	29,055	13,830	15,225	x	x	x
Irish	18,090	8,575	9,515	x	x	x
Manx	15	15	0	x	x	x
Scottish	19,005	8,980	10,025	x	x	x
Welsh	2,035	950	1,090	x	x	x
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,690	1,190	1,505	x	x	x
French origins	19,150	8,980	10,170	x	x	x
Alsatian	35	20	15	x	x	x
Breton	0	0	0	x	x	x
Corsican	0	0	0	x	x	x
French	19,120	8,955	10,160	x	x	x
Western European origins (except French origins)	20,385	10,020	10,360	x	x	x
Austrian	475	215	265	x	x	x
Bavarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Belgian	450	215	240	x	x	x
Dutch	6,500	3,235	3,260	x	x	x
Flemish	10	0	10	x	x	x
Frisian	30	10	20	x	x	x
German	14,170	6,965	7,205	x	x	x
Luxembourger	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swiss	415	190	225	x	x	x
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,715	775	935	x	x	x
Danish	350	185	165	x	x	x
Finnish	365	160	205	x	x	x
Icelandic	80	40	40	x	x	x
Norwegian	390	140	255	x	x	x
Swedish	530	240	295	x	x	x
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	90	40	50	x	x	x
Eastern European origins	16,395	7,985	8,410	x	x	x
Bulgarian	145	80	70	x	x	x
Byelorussian	30	10	15	x	x	x
Czech	280	145	135	x	x	x
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	155	75	85	x	x	x
Estonian	85	30	55	x	x	x
Hungarian	4,620	2,225	2,395	x	x	x
Latvian	135	60	75	x	x	x
Lithuanian	230	145	80	x	x	x
Moldovan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Polish	4,995	2,325	2,665	x	x	x
Romanian	795	360	425	x	x	x
Russian	1,140	535	605	x	x	x
Slovak	560	295	265	x	x	x
Ukrainian	6,035	2,980	3,050	x	x	x
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	30	15	15	x	x	x
Southern European origins	18,190	9,270	8,915	x	x	x
Albanian	25	10	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	85	40	45	x	x	x
Catalan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Croatian	1,085	600	490	x	x	x
Cypriot	10	0	10	x	x	x
Greek	405	190	220	x	x	x
Italian	14,555	7,415	7,140	x	x	x
Kosovar	0	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	90	55	35	x	x	x
Maltese	385	210	175	x	x	x
Montenegrin	10	0	10	x	x	x
Portuguese	625	310	315	x	x	x
Serbian	270	150	120	x	x	x
Sicilian	15	0	15	x	x	x
Slovenian	250	135	110	x	x	x
Spanish	765	310	455	x	x	x
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	155	80	75	x	x	x
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	10	x	x	x
Other European origins	420	215	200	x	x	x
Basque	0	0	10	x	x	x
Jewish	240	125	120	x	x	x
Roma (Gypsy)	15	0	10	x	x	x
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	0	10	x	x	x
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	155	85	70	x	x	x
Caribbean origins	1,130	560	570	x	x	x
Antiguan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bahamian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Barbadian	150	80	70	x	x	x
Bermudan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Carib	10	10	0	x	x	x
Cuban	50	20	30	x	x	x
Dominican	20	15	0	x	x	x
Grenadian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Guadeloupean	0	0	10	x	x	x
Haitian	125	45	75	x	x	x
Jamaican	505	270	230	x	x	x
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Martinican	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montserratan	10	0	0	x	x	x
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	x	x	x
St. Lucian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	160	85	75	x	x	x
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	x	x	x
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	165	80	85	x	x	x
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	20	0	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,325	655	670	x	x	x
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	50	0	45	x	x	x
Arawak	0	10	0	x	x	x
Argentinian	25	0	15	x	x	x
Belizean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bolivian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Brazilian	40	25	15	x	x	x
Chilean	50	30	20	x	x	x
Colombian	185	70	115	x	x	x
Costa Rican	25	20	10	x	x	x
Ecuadorian	55	20	35	x	x	x
Guatemalan	90	40	50	x	x	x
Guyanese	45	25	20	x	x	x
Hispanic	30	25	10	x	x	x
Honduran	25	10	20	x	x	x
Maya	25	10	15	x	x	x
Mexican	175	95	75	x	x	x
Nicaraguan	45	25	20	x	x	x
Panamanian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Paraguayan	15	15	10	x	x	x
Peruvian	85	45	45	x	x	x
Salvadorean	160	75	85	x	x	x
Uruguayan	10	0	0	x	x	x
Venezuelan	150	100	55	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	45	65	x	x	x
African origins	1,610	810	800	x	x	x
Central and West African origins	410	180	225	x	x	x
Akan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Angolan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ashanti	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beninese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burkinabe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cameroonian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Chadian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Congolese	55	35	25	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gabonese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gambian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ghanaian	70	40	30	x	x	x
Guinean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ibo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ivorian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Liberian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malinké	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nigerian	185	70	125	x	x	x
Peulh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Senegalese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Togolese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	30	15	15	x	x	x
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	50	20	35	x	x	x
North African origins	415	215	200	x	x	x
Algerian	40	10	30	x	x	x
Berber	10	10	0	x	x	x
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Egyptian	110	65	50	x	x	x
Libyan	95	55	45	x	x	x
Maure	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moroccan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sudanese	115	65	50	x	x	x
Tunisian	35	15	25	x	x	x
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins	350	175	175	x	x	x
Afrikaner	0	0	0	x	x	x
Amhara	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burundian	35	15	25	x	x	x
Djiboutian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eritrean	25	20	10	x	x	x
Ethiopian	50	20	25	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kenyan	10	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mauritian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rwandan	15	10	10	x	x	x
Seychellois	20	15	10	x	x	x
Somali	50	20	30	x	x	x
South African	55	30	30	x	x	x
Tanzanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ugandan	0	0	10	x	x	x
Zambian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Zimbabwean	50	20	35	x	x	x
Zulu	10	0	10	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	40	15	25	x	x	x
Other African origins	455	250	210	x	x	x
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	70	45	25	x	x	x
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	385	205	175	x	x	x
Asian origins	5,420	2,685	2,735	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,170	625	545	x	x	x
Afghan	25	10	15	x	x	x
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	155	105	50	x	x	x
Armenian	80	50	30	x	x	x
Assyrian	60	30	30	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	10	10	x	x	x
Georgian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Hazara	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iranian	95	45	45	x	x	x
Iraqi	85	40	45	x	x	x
Israeli	15	0	15	x	x	x
Jordanian	50	20	30	x	x	x
Kazakh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kurd	35	15	15	x	x	x
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lebanese	360	200	160	x	x	x
Palestinian	145	75	70	x	x	x
Pashtun	0	0	0	x	x	x
Saudi Arabian	10	10	10	x	x	x
Syrian	155	75	85	x	x	x
Tajik	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tatar	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turk	85	35	50	x	x	x
Turkmen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uighur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yemeni	35	25	10	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	10	15	x	x	x
South Asian origins	1,325	645	680	x	x	x
Bangladeshi	35	20	15	x	x	x
Bengali	15	10	0	x	x	x
Bhutanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
East Indian	1,005	470	530	x	x	x
Goan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pakistani	125	55	65	x	x	x
Punjabi	70	35	35	x	x	x
Sinhalese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sri Lankan	20	15	10	x	x	x
Tamil	10	0	0	x	x	x
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	95	65	30	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,965	1,445	1,525	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	15	x	x	x
Chinese	1,815	895	920	x	x	x
Filipino	470	205	265	x	x	x
Hmong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indonesian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Japanese	130	50	80	x	x	x
Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	315	175	135	x	x	x
Laotian	65	30	35	x	x	x
Malaysian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	15	15	0	x	x	x
Singaporean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Taiwanese	10	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	75	35	45	x	x	x
Tibetan	15	0	15	x	x	x
Vietnamese	165	75	85	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other Asian origins	20	10	0	x	x	x
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	20	0	10	x	x	x
Oceania origins	100	55	40	x	x	x
Australian	80	45	35	x	x	x
New Zealander	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins	15	10	10	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hawaiian	10	10	10	x	x	x
Maori	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Samoan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
Owner	32,540	...	...	x	...	...
Renter	12,800	...	...	x	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
Condominium	1,050	...	...	x	...	...
Not condominium	44,295	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	x	...	...
1 bedroom	4,380	...	...	x	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,455	...	...	x	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,295	...	...	x	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,065	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,155	...	...	x	...	...
5 rooms	7,120	...	...	x	...	...
6 rooms	8,190	...	...	x	...	...
7 rooms	7,355	...	...	x	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,525	...	...	x	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	45,340	...	...	x	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,055	...	...	x	...	...
More than 1 person per room	285	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	45,340	...	...	x	...	...
Suitable	44,050	...	...	x	...	...
Not suitable	1,295	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
1960 or before	18,190	...	...	x	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,930	...	...	x	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,890	...	...	x	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,185	...	...	x	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,105	...	...	x	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,675	...	...	x	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,365	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	42,210	...	...	x	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,135	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
1 household maintainer	27,050	...	...	x	...	...
2 household maintainers	17,330	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	955	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	45,345	...	...	x	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,530	...	...	x	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,185	...	...	x	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,520	...	...	x	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,935	...	...	x	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,695	...	...	x	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,340	...	...	x	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,295	...	...	x	...	...
85 years and over	1,845	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	45,195	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,615	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,580	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,355	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,445	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.8	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.5	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	993	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,109	...	...	x	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,710	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	262,854	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,800	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.6	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.7	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	826	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	858	...	...	x	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	90,900	43,875	47,020	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,610	9,200	9,410	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	29,050	14,085	14,970	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,240	20,590	22,650	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,645	5,435	2,210	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,635	2,220	1,420	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,010	3,215	790	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,540	9,020	12,520	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,245	560	685	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,810	5,575	7,230	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	8,970	3,620	5,350	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	840	420	420	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	310	215	100	x	x	x
Master's degree	2,380	1,120	1,260	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	315	205	105	x	x	x
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	56,305	27,270	29,035	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,400	3,430	2,970	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,540	8,860	8,685	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,365	14,980	17,385	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,015	3,515	1,495	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,485	1,540	950	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,525	1,980	540	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,940	7,120	9,825	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	770	330	440	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,640	4,015	5,630	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	6,795	2,690	4,105	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	620	295	325	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	140	95	x	x	x
Master's degree	1,790	750	1,035	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	210	140	70	x	x	x
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	90,900	43,875	47,025	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	47,660	23,285	24,375	x	x	x
Education	3,110	830	2,280	x	x	x
13. Education	3,115	835	2,280	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,415	655	760	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	215	55	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	1,145	445	695	x	x	x
Humanities	1,975	810	1,170	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	225	45	175	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	510	175	340	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	435	160	270	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	15	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	80	45	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	140	55	x	x	x
54. History	330	190	145	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	135	20	115	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,935	1,380	3,560	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	150	205	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,605	150	1,450	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	485	145	340	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	100	10	85	x	x	x
42. Psychology	870	170	695	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	1,475	745	730	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	7,815	2,690	5,125	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	930	125	800	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,880	2,565	4,320	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,085	585	495	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	420	190	225	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	130	135	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	295	235	60	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	30	65	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,240	735	505	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	930	605	330	x	x	x
25. Library science	120	15	105	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	100	75	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,505	9,040	460	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	165	150	20	x	x	x
14. Engineering	750	675	75	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,170	1,975	195	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	1,975	1,945	30	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,460	2,400	60	x	x	x
48. Precision production	1,975	1,900	75	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	700	405	295	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	450	275	180	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	140	115	x	x	x
Health and related fields	7,570	1,435	6,140	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	760	360	405	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	6,740	1,035	5,705	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	35	30	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,880	2,010	1,870	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	2,060	615	1,445	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	20	0	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	1,210	835	375	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	565	530	40	x	x	x
Other	10	0	10	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	x	x	x
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	56,305	27,270	29,040	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	23,940	12,285	11,655	x	x	x
Education	2,125	530	1,595	x	x	x
13. Education	2,120	530	1,595	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,020	495	525	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	145	30	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	850	350	500	x	x	x
Humanities	1,400	580	815	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	140	30	110	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	360	115	245	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	310	115	195	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	60	15	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	115	45	x	x	x
54. History	230	130	110	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	105	15	90	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,955	1,035	2,920	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	130	190	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,350	120	1,225	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	385	85	300	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	80	0	80	x	x	x
42. Psychology	655	145	505	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	1,140	540	600	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	6,085	2,050	4,035	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	780	90	690	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,300	1,955	3,340	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	735	365	375	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	145	170	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	80	100	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	0	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	150	105	45	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	30	50	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,055	630	430	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	835	540	295	x	x	x
25. Library science	85	15	75	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	70	60	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,800	6,410	385	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	130	110	15	x	x	x
14. Engineering	495	445	55	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,745	1,580	170	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	1,335	1,310	30	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,705	1,650	55	x	x	x
48. Precision production	1,375	1,315	65	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	530	285	245	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	340	175	160	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	105	85	x	x	x
Health and related fields	5,795	1,085	4,715	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	610	265	340	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	5,145	795	4,345	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	20	25	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,870	1,520	1,345	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	1,475	450	1,020	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	935	645	290	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	435	405	30	x	x	x
Other	0	0	0	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	x	x	x
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	90,895	43,875	47,020	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,660	23,285	24,375	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	43,235	20,590	22,650	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	38,930	18,465	20,465	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	37,320	17,655	19,665	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	1,610	805	805	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,310	2,125	2,180	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,620	760	860	x	x	x
Philippines	115	35	80	x	x	x
India	220	120	100	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	450	280	165	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	260	95	165	x	x	x
France	35	20	15	x	x	x
Other	1,600	805	795	x	x	x
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	56,310	27,265	29,040	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,940	12,285	11,655	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,365	14,980	17,385	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	29,425	13,645	15,780	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	28,385	13,090	15,295	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	1,045	555	490	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,940	1,335	1,605	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,155	475	680	x	x	x
Philippines	75	20	60	x	x	x
India	170	85	80	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	190	105	80	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175	80	90	x	x	x
France	40	25	20	x	x	x
Other	1,135	540	595	x	x	x
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	90,895	43,875	47,020	x	x	x
In the labour force	54,005	27,645	26,360	x	x	x
Employed	49,415	25,090	24,320	x	x	x
Unemployed	4,595	2,555	2,040	x	x	x
Not in the labour force	36,890	16,230	20,660	x	x	x
Participation rate	59.4	63.0	56.1	x	x	x
Employment rate	54.4	57.2	51.7	x	x	x
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.2	7.7	x	x	x
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	90,895	43,875	47,020	x	x	x
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	35,075	15,300	19,775	x	x	x
Worked	55,815	28,575	27,245	x	x	x
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	28,120	15,790	12,325	x	x	x
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	27,705	12,785	14,920	x	x	x
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.8	42.6	x	x	x
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	54,005	27,645	26,365	x	x	x
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,280	605	675	x	x	x
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	52,725	27,035	25,690	x	x	x
Employee	48,240	24,155	24,080	x	x	x
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,490	2,880	1,610	x	x	x
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	54,005	27,645	26,365	x	x	x
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,280	610	670	x	x	x
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	52,730	27,040	25,690	x	x	x
0 Management occupations	5,015	2,900	2,115	x	x	x
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,465	1,785	4,685	x	x	x
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,150	1,810	340	x	x	x
3 Health occupations	4,115	720	3,390	x	x	x
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,010	1,975	4,035	x	x	x
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,080	470	610	x	x	x
6 Sales and service occupations	15,265	6,015	9,250	x	x	x
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,635	8,120	515	x	x	x
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,165	905	260	x	x	x
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,840	2,345	490	x	x	x
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	54,010	27,645	26,365	x	x	x
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,280	605	670	x	x	x
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	52,730	27,040	25,690	x	x	x
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	815	465	350	x	x	x
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	145	10	x	x	x
22 Utilities	340	275	65	x	x	x
23 Construction	4,020	3,645	375	x	x	x
31-33 Manufacturing	5,120	4,310	805	x	x	x
41 Wholesale trade	1,765	1,300	465	x	x	x
44-45 Retail trade	6,990	3,080	3,910	x	x	x
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,365	1,670	695	x	x	x
51 Information and cultural industries	675	370	300	x	x	x
52 Finance and insurance	1,690	540	1,140	x	x	x
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	695	385	310	x	x	x
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,160	1,135	1,030	x	x	x
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	25	x	x	x
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,330	1,770	1,560	x	x	x
61 Educational services	4,310	1,370	2,940	x	x	x
62 Health care and social assistance	6,785	1,060	5,720	x	x	x
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,700	890	810	x	x	x
72 Accommodation and food services	5,075	2,015	3,060	x	x	x
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,355	1,205	1,150	x	x	x
91 Public administration	2,355	1,390	965	x	x	x
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	49,415	25,090	24,325	x	x	x
Worked at home	2,395	1,220	1,175	x	x	x
Worked outside Canada	280	185	95	x	x	x
No fixed workplace address	5,350	3,845	1,510	x	x	x
Worked at usual place	41,395	19,840	21,550	x	x	x
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	41,395	19,845	21,550	x	x	x
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,395	6,995	9,400	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,165	10,170	11,000	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,720	2,605	1,115	x	x	x
Commute to a different province or territory	115	80	35	x	x	x
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	46,745	23,690	23,055	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a driver	39,690	20,285	19,410	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,160	1,555	1,610	x	x	x
Public transit	1,135	400	735	x	x	x
Walked	1,775	800	975	x	x	x
Bicycle	415	325	85	x	x	x
Other method	565	325	235	x	x	x
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	46,745	23,685	23,055	x	x	x
Less than 15 minutes	16,320	7,195	9,125	x	x	x
15 to 29 minutes	17,800	8,800	9,000	x	x	x
30 to 44 minutes	7,670	4,280	3,395	x	x	x
45 to 59 minutes	2,100	1,330	770	x	x	x
60 minutes and over	2,850	2,080	765	x	x	x
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	46,740	23,685	23,055	x	x	x
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,645	2,550	1,095	x	x	x
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,510	5,580	2,930	x	x	x
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,860	5,555	5,310	x	x	x
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,015	3,590	6,425	x	x	x
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,000	2,025	2,970	x	x	x
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,715	4,390	4,325	x	x	x
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	57,625	29,455	28,170	x	x	x
Single responses	57,100	29,290	27,815	x	x	x
Official languages	56,905	29,180	27,730	x	x	x
English	56,135	28,990	27,145	x	x	x
French	775	190	585	x	x	x
Non-official languages	190	105	90	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	190	105	85	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	15	10	0	x	x	x
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Arabic	10	0	0	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	65	25	35	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	x	x	x
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages	15	10	10	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	0	10	0	x	x	x
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	0	0	0	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	30	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Spanish	40	10	25	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	10	0	0	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	15	10	10	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	60	30	x	x	x
Chinese languages	90	60	30	x	x	x
Cantonese	20	20	0	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	70	40	25	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Lao	10	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	10	0	10	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	530	170	360	x	x	x
English and French	370	95	265	x	x	x
English and non-official language	145	70	80	x	x	x
French and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	15	0	20	x	x	x
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	57,625	29,450	28,175	x	x	x
None	55,120	28,475	26,645	x	x	x
English	565	150	420	x	x	x
French	1,260	505	755	x	x	x
Non-official language	640	310	330	x	x	x
Aboriginal	10	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	635	310	325	x	x	x
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x
English and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
French and non-official language	35	10	30	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	106,275	51,795	54,475	x	x	x
Non-movers	92,635	45,235	47,400	x	x	x
Movers	13,635	6,560	7,080	x	x	x
Non-migrants	7,330	3,455	3,875	x	x	x
Migrants	6,310	3,105	3,205	x	x	x
Internal migrants	5,695	2,770	2,930	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	5,265	2,555	2,705	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	435	210	220	x	x	x
External migrants	615	340	275	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	102,345	49,830	52,510	x	x	x
Non-movers	65,925	32,160	33,765	x	x	x
Movers	36,415	17,665	18,750	x	x	x
Non-migrants	18,980	9,175	9,805	x	x	x
Migrants	17,430	8,495	8,940	x	x	x
Internal migrants	15,315	7,485	7,835	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	14,255	6,970	7,280	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	1,065	515	550	x	x	x
External migrants	2,115	1,005	1,105	x	x	x

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Niagara Centre [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Beardy's and Okemasis 96 and 97B, IRI [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara Centre [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Beardy's and Okemasis 96 and 97B, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

Census Profile, 2016 Census Niagara Centre [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Beardy's and Okemasis 96 and 97B, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara Centre [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Beardy's and Okemasis 96 and 97B, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan