Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sault Ste. Marie [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Muskoday First Nation, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Sault Ste. Marie Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Muskoday First Nation, IRI Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Sault Ste. Marie [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Sault Ste. Marie [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Muskoday First Nation, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	80,371	...	...	647	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	82,052	...	...	688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-2.0	...	...	-6.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	39,335	...	...	217	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	35,604	...	...	205	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.3	...	...	6.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,607.03	...	...	98.72	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	80,370	39,025	41,340	645	335	310
0 to 14 years	11,480	5,915	5,565	185	100	85
0 to 4 years	3,815	1,965	1,850	55	30	25
5 to 9 years	3,840	2,005	1,835	70	40	35
10 to 14 years	3,825	1,940	1,880	60	30	25
15 to 64 years	51,150	25,090	26,065	385	200	180
15 to 19 years	4,210	2,200	2,010	40	20	20
20 to 24 years	4,865	2,515	2,345	40	20	15
25 to 29 years	4,520	2,290	2,235	45	20	25
30 to 34 years	4,405	2,150	2,250	40	25	20
35 to 39 years	4,370	2,080	2,290	40	20	25
40 to 44 years	4,385	2,115	2,270	40	20	20
45 to 49 years	4,870	2,395	2,470	35	15	15
50 to 54 years	6,335	2,980	3,360	40	20	20
55 to 59 years	7,075	3,365	3,710	40	25	15
60 to 64 years	6,120	3,000	3,120	25	15	10
65 years and over	17,735	8,020	9,710	80	30	50
65 to 69 years	5,445	2,650	2,795	20	5	15
70 to 74 years	4,015	1,900	2,120	25	15	15
75 to 79 years	3,175	1,450	1,730	20	5	10
80 to 84 years	2,535	1,120	1,415	10	5	5
85 years and over	2,560	905	1,655	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	1,675	665	1,015	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	690	215	480	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	180	30	145	0	0	0
100 years and over	20	0	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.2	13.5	28.7	29.9	27.4
15 to 64 years	63.6	64.3	63.1	59.7	59.7	58.1
65 years and over	22.1	20.6	23.5	12.4	9.0	16.1
85 years and over	3.2	2.3	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	44.6	43.4	45.7	34.4	33.1	35.7
Median age of the population	47.0	45.5	48.5	31.7	30.5	34.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	35,605	...	...	205	...	...
Single-detached house	23,900	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,090	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	9,355	...	...	20	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,855	...	...	15	...	...
Row house	940	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,560	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,890	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	260	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	35,605	...	...	205	...	...
1 person	11,295	...	...	35	...	...
2 persons	13,290	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	5,310	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	4,055	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	1,650	...	...	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	78,865	...	...	650	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	68,890	33,115	35,775	465	235	225
Married or living common law	38,770	19,385	19,380	205	100	105
Married	31,750	15,885	15,865	130	65	70
Living common law	7,020	3,500	3,515	70	35	35
Not married and not living common law	30,120	13,725	16,395	260	140	125
Never married	17,585	9,510	8,075	200	115	85
Separated	2,350	1,060	1,290	5	5	5
Divorced	4,730	2,000	2,730	35	15	15
Widowed	5,460	1,155	4,300	25	0	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	23,550	...	...	180	...	...
2 persons	13,545	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	4,990	...	...	55	...	...
4 persons	3,780	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	1,235	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	23,545	...	...	180	...	...
Total couple families	19,075	...	...	100	...	...
Married couples	15,565	...	...	65	...	...
Common-law couples	3,505	...	...	35	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,470	...	...	85	...	...
Female parent	3,490	...	...	55	...	...
Male parent	980	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	19,075	...	...	100	...	...
Couples without children	10,645	...	...	45	...	...
Couples with children	8,425	...	...	55	...	...
1 child	3,835	...	...	30	...	...
2 children	3,455	...	...	15	...	...
3 or more children	1,140	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,475	...	...	80	...	...
1 child	2,900	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	1,150	...	...	30	...	...
3 or more children	420	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,160	7,100	8,065	110	70	50
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	35,605	...	...	205	...	...
One-census-family households	22,800	...	...	150	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,355	...	...	40	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	12,445	...	...	105	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	375	...	...	15	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,435	...	...	40	...	...
One-person households	11,295	...	...	35	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,135	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	79,285	38,645	40,640	645	335	315
English only	71,570	35,385	36,185	645	330	310
French only	45	20	30	0	0	0
English and French	7,380	3,150	4,225	0	0	5
Neither English nor French	285	90	200	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	79,280	38,645	40,640	650	335	310
English	76,505	37,420	39,085	645	335	315
French	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	5	0
English and French	110	60	50	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	275	80	195	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,445	1,110	1,335	0	0	0
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.1	2.9	3.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	79,285	38,640	40,640	645	335	310
Single responses	78,390	38,235	40,155	645	335	315
Official languages	71,700	34,975	36,720	635	330	305
English	69,055	33,795	35,255	635	330	305
French	2,645	1,180	1,465	0	0	0
Non-official languages	6,695	3,255	3,430	10	5	5
Aboriginal languages	125	45	80	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	110	35	75	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	0	10	10	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	35	65	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	100	35	65	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,570	3,210	3,355	5	5	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	170	45	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	215	170	40	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	210	165	45	0	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	10	30	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	30	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,230	2,525	2,700	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	700	315	385	0	0	0
Baltic languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Latvian	20	5	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	655	295	355	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Czech	20	15	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Polish	275	105	165	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	150	70	80	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	635	290	350	0	0	0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	100	45	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	455	210	245	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	20	5	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	20	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	255	140	115	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	230	125	105	0	0	0
Bengali	40	25	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0	0	0
Hindi	75	40	30	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,600	1,760	1,840	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	3,245	1,585	1,655	0	0	0
Portuguese	165	75	85	0	0	0
Romanian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Spanish	175	85	85	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	100	110	0	0	0
Chinese languages	200	100	105	0	0	0
Cantonese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	105	55	50	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	705	325	385	0	0	0
Estonian	75	30	45	0	0	0
Finnish	575	265	315	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	895	410	485	0	0	0
English and French	380	165	210	0	0	0
English and non-official language	485	225	260	5	5	0
French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	10	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	79,285	38,645	40,640	650	335	315
Single responses	78,150	38,090	40,055	645	335	310
Official languages	76,235	37,235	39,000	645	335	315
English	75,660	36,995	38,660	645	335	315
French	580	240	340	0	0	0
Non-official languages	1,915	860	1,055	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,895	850	1,040	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	80	25	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	75	20	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	95	75	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	20	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,400	590	805	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	50	85	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	130	50	75	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Polish	55	15	35	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	0	0	0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	20	30	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	60	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	105	55	50	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0	0	0
Hindi	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,075	450	625	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	945	380	565	0	0	0
Portuguese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	75	40	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Chinese languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Cantonese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	40	35	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	165	70	95	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	140	55	80	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
English and French	170	75	95	0	0	0
English and non-official language	945	470	480	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	5	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	5	15	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	79,285	38,645	40,640	645	335	315
None	73,835	36,175	37,660	630	325	300
English	1,185	530	655	0	0	0
French	1,710	700	1,010	0	0	0
Non-official language	2,505	1,210	1,295	20	10	10
Aboriginal	220	95	125	15	5	10
Non-Aboriginal	2,290	1,120	1,170	0	0	0
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	67,410	32,585	34,820	465	235	230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	65,205	31,550	33,655	435	225	210
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,103	40,272	26,567	19,200	17,920	19,264
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	65,225	31,550	33,675	435	225	215
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,329	36,247	24,800	18,944	17,728	19,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	57,265	28,515	28,750	295	155	135
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,016	36,380	23,107	18,400	19,456	17,728
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	50,270	22,990	27,280	395	200	200
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,512	8,667	8,347	2,920	854	8,128
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	45,790	24,520	21,265	260	140	120
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,710	32,295	26,282	20,096	20,128	18,667
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	67,360	32,565	34,800	460	235	230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,065	31,440	33,630	435	225	210
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,023	49,522	35,011	24,078	23,864	24,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,080	31,440	33,645	435	220	215
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,831	41,483	30,549	22,694	22,027	23,385
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,140	28,455	28,685	295	160	140
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,660	47,129	32,250	26,239	27,637	24,670
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,030	22,980	27,050	400	195	200
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,359	9,397	9,327	6,946	5,007	8,856
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,850	24,450	21,400	265	140	125
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,625	42,912	33,728	27,246	28,296	26,024
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	67,365	32,565	34,800	465	235	225
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	19,355	10,520	8,835	90	40	50
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,313	65,201	46,530	35,712	35,264	37,632
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,848	68,104	52,209	39,493	38,455	40,379
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.9	86.4	78.2	73.9	81.6	66.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	64.6	67.5	60.6	67.6	76.4	59.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.1	13.6	21.8	26.2	18.6	34.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	67,410	32,590	34,820	465	235	225
Without total income	2,205	1,040	1,165	30	15	15
With total income	65,205	31,550	33,655	435	225	215
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.8	96.7	93.5	95.7	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,135	3,230	4,900	150	85	65
$10,000 to $19,999	11,600	4,095	7,505	95	35	60
$20,000 to $29,999	10,055	3,885	6,170	70	40	25
$30,000 to $39,999	8,735	4,450	4,275	40	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	6,740	3,375	3,365	25	10	20
$50,000 to $59,999	4,860	2,620	2,240	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	2,090	1,530	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,120	1,980	1,140	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,500	1,720	775	10	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,110	1,330	780	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	3,735	2,765	965	0	0	5
$100,000 to $149,999	2,950	2,180	765	0	0	5
$150,000 and over	785	585	200	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	67,410	32,590	34,820	460	235	230
Without after-tax income	2,180	1,040	1,140	30	10	15
With after-tax income	65,225	31,550	33,680	435	220	215
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	96.8	96.7	94.6	93.6	93.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,410	3,280	5,130	150	85	65
$10,000 to $19,999	12,085	4,305	7,785	100	40	60
$20,000 to $29,999	11,735	4,710	7,025	70	45	25
$30,000 to $39,999	9,985	5,200	4,785	40	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	7,175	3,780	3,395	30	10	20
$50,000 to $59,999	5,155	3,030	2,130	15	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	3,905	2,595	1,305	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,085	1,975	1,110	10	5	5
$80,000 and over	3,690	2,680	1,010	5	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,585	1,140	445	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	845	625	220	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	1,255	920	340	0	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	67,405	32,590	34,820	465	235	230
Without employment income	21,620	8,065	13,555	200	95	110
With employment income	45,790	24,525	21,270	265	140	120
Percentage with employment income	67.9	75.3	61.1	57.0	59.6	52.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,900	5,630	3,275	55	30	30
$5,000 to $9,999	3,770	1,605	2,155	30	20	15
$10,000 to $19,999	5,855	2,460	3,395	45	25	20
$20,000 to $29,999	4,975	2,125	2,850	45	30	15
$30,000 to $39,999	4,150	1,715	2,430	35	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	3,855	1,685	2,175	10	5	5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,980	1,600	1,385	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,295	1,355	940	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,390	1,560	825	5	5	0
$80,000 and over	6,620	4,785	1,840	15	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,070	1,455	615	5	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	1,165	635	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	2,760	2,160	595	5	0	0
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	35,605	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,304	...	...	38,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,092	...	...	38,336	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	11,300	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,833	...	...	19,669	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,636	...	...	19,669	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	24,305	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,265	...	...	44,160	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,626	...	...	44,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,803	...	...	51,210	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,503	...	...	48,266	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,325	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,975	...	...	19,097	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,713	...	...	18,647	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	24,275	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,451	...	...	57,595	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,333	...	...	54,155	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
Under $5,000	370	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	560	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,410	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,620	...	...	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,065	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,665	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,720	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,795	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,610	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,860	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,485	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,270	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,020	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,740	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,645	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,490	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,425	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,475	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,260	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	575	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,410	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,710	...	...	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,305	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,820	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,965	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,045	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,790	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,400	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,555	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,085	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,820	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,830	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,280	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,780	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,770	...	...	5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	23,490	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,841	...	...	44,032	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,947	...	...	44,032	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,140	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,819	...	...	51,840	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,455	...	...	51,840	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	8,535	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,226	...	...	72,192	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,810	...	...	70,144	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,235	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,373	...	...	27,648	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,056	...	...	27,648	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	23,435	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	95,080	...	...	56,636	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,745	...	...	53,275	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,000	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,879	...	...	69,788	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,512	...	...	64,032	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	8,550	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,146	...	...	77,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,223	...	...	72,493	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,255	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,859	...	...	35,674	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,881	...	...	34,575	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	13,705	6,445	7,260	45	30	20
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,738	31,966	25,408	19,296	19,648	0
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,991	29,181	24,260	19,296	19,648	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	13,725	6,445	7,275	45	30	20
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,864	39,235	34,763	17,752	19,916	14,334
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,030	33,559	30,676	17,095	18,862	14,306
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	78,870	38,490	40,375	645	335	315
In the bottom half of the distribution	40,790	19,030	21,760	550	285	265
In the bottom decile	8,385	3,970	4,415	230	115	110
In the second decile	8,335	3,410	4,920	115	55	60
In the third decile	8,320	3,885	4,435	80	45	40
In the fourth decile	8,050	3,890	4,155	60	35	20
In the fifth decile	7,705	3,875	3,830	65	35	30
In the top half of the distribution	38,075	19,460	18,620	100	50	50
In the sixth decile	7,580	3,790	3,785	5	5	5
In the seventh decile	7,930	4,010	3,915	40	20	20
In the eighth decile	8,500	4,385	4,120	25	10	15
In the ninth decile	8,480	4,390	4,090	20	10	10
In the top decile	5,585	2,880	2,705	10	5	0
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	77,745	37,935	39,805	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	13,580	6,985	6,595	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	4,475	2,325	2,155	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	47,725	23,340	24,385	0	0	0
65 years and over	16,435	7,620	8,820	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,015	5,285	6,735	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	2,900	1,520	1,385	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,105	570	535	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	7,285	3,260	4,025	0	0	0
65 years and over	1,830	505	1,325	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	13.9	16.9	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	21.4	21.8	21.0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	24.7	24.5	24.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.0	16.5	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	11.1	6.6	15.0	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,075	2,940	3,130	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	540	290	245	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	4,490	2,160	2,330	0	0	0
65 years and over	300	100	200	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.8	7.8	7.9	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.7	9.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	12.5	11.4	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.3	9.6	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.3	2.3	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	78,825	38,535	40,295	645	335	310
Official languages	78,560	38,460	40,105	650	335	310
English	78,530	38,445	40,080	650	335	315
French	7,390	3,160	4,230	0	0	0
Non-official languages	8,785	4,270	4,510	40	20	25
Aboriginal languages	485	175	315	45	20	25
Algonquian languages	460	165	305	40	20	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	45	10	30	40	20	25
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	45	20	25
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	420	150	270	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	410	145	265	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,305	4,100	4,200	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	220	180	40	0	0	0
Berber languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	220	180	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	205	170	35	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	10	15	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	10	50	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	40	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	30	10	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,670	3,235	3,435	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	705	305	400	0	0	0
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	680	290	385	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	120	50	70	0	0	0
Czech	85	40	40	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	285	100	180	0	0	0
Russian	50	15	30	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	35	20	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	50	55	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	790	375	420	0	10	0
Afrikaans	0	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	25	20	10	0	0	0
Dutch	80	25	50	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	625	320	310	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Swedish	40	10	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	45	20	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	210	165	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	370	205	165	0	0	0
Bengali	75	40	35	0	0	0
Gujarati	80	50	35	0	0	0
Hindi	215	125	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	35	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,825	2,355	2,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	4,205	2,030	2,170	0	0	0
Portuguese	245	125	120	0	0	0
Romanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	415	200	215	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	30	30	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	185	85	95	0	0	0
American Sign Language	110	45	60	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	45	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	130	110	0	0	0
Chinese languages	240	125	115	0	0	0
Cantonese	100	55	40	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	115	55	60	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	805	375	425	0	0	0
Estonian	80	45	35	0	0	0
Finnish	670	295	375	0	0	0
Hungarian	60	45	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	78,830	38,535	40,295	0	0	0
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	77,410	37,840	39,570	0	0	0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,855	7,225	6,630	0	0	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,560	30,625	32,940	0	0	0
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,415	690	725	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	78,825	38,535	40,295	0	0	0
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	71,705	35,030	36,675	0	0	0
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	6,760	3,285	3,475	0	0	0
Before 1981	5,180	2,530	2,650	0	0	0
1981 to 1990	345	170	170	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	340	160	180	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	600	280	320	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	255	130	125	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	345	150	200	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	290	145	150	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	365	215	145	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	6,755	3,285	3,470	0	0	0
Under 5 years	1,090	545	540	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	1,505	790	715	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	2,060	935	1,125	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	1,900	930	970	0	0	0
45 years and over	205	80	130	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	6,755	3,280	3,475	0	0	0
Americas	1,205	510	700	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	10	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	15	20	0	0	0
Mexico	20	10	15	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	25	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	955	385	565	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	130	60	65	0	0	0
Europe	4,795	2,395	2,400	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	65	30	35	0	0	0
France	35	20	15	0	0	0
Germany	440	220	220	0	0	0
Greece	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungary	55	45	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	40	25	10	0	0	0
Italy	2,250	1,110	1,135	0	0	0
Netherlands	70	30	40	0	0	0
Poland	100	30	75	0	0	0
Portugal	175	95	85	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	390	460	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	625	350	275	0	0	0
Africa	70	55	15	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	10	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	15	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	25	10	0	0	0
Asia	650	310	340	0	0	0
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	40	25	25	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	140	55	85	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	30	10	15	0	0	0
India	185	110	80	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	15	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	50	10	50	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	50	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	290	145	150	0	0	0
Americas	70	30	35	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	55	20	35	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	15	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	170	80	90	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	105	60	45	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	78,830	38,535	40,295	645	335	310
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	7,450	3,700	3,750	10	0	0
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	12,865	6,185	6,675	0	0	0
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	58,515	28,650	29,870	635	325	310
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,650	785	865	0	0	0
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	705	370	340	0	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	305	230	70	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	400	135	265	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	805	315	485	0	0	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	135	90	40	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	78,830	38,535	40,290	650	335	315
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	9,995	4,600	5,390	625	320	305
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	9,785	4,525	5,260	620	320	305
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,755	2,485	3,275	620	315	300
Métis	4,005	2,025	1,980	10	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	115	55	65	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	90	25	60	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	68,835	33,935	34,905	20	15	10
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	78,830	38,535	40,295	645	335	315
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,675	1,980	2,700	615	320	300
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	74,150	36,555	37,595	35	20	10
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	78,830	38,535	40,290	645	335	310
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,705	1,220	1,485	550	285	265
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,645	1,185	1,460	540	280	260
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,260	990	1,270	535	275	260
Métis single ancestry	380	195	185	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	55	30	25	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	50	25	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	8,450	4,125	4,330	75	35	30
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	8,185	4,000	4,185	75	35	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,995	2,300	2,695	70	35	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,165	1,685	1,485	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	265	125	140	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	260	120	140	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	67,675	33,190	34,485	25	10	10
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	78,830	38,530	40,295	645	335	310
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,095	1,105	990	10	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	480	265	215	0	0	0
Chinese	385	185	200	0	0	0
Black	510	260	245	0	0	0
Filipino	125	35	80	0	0	0
Latin American	80	30	45	0	0	0
Arab	220	175	45	0	10	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	45	10	35	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	80	45	40	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	15	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	60	35	25	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	65	30	30	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	76,735	37,430	39,310	645	335	310
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	78,825	38,535	40,295	645	335	315
North American Aboriginal origins	11,150	5,340	5,810	620	320	300
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,570	3,440	4,135	615	320	300
Inuit	35	30	10	0	0	0
Métis	3,865	2,030	1,835	10	0	10
Other North American origins	25,520	12,215	13,305	40	25	15
Acadian	90	50	40	0	0	0
American	1,060	485	575	10	10	0
Canadian	24,895	11,910	12,990	35	15	15
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	15	35	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	63,545	31,050	32,500	65	30	30
British Isles origins	38,665	18,525	20,140	40	20	15
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	15	10	10	0	0	0
English	21,990	10,375	11,615	0	0	0
Irish	17,210	8,030	9,180	10	10	10
Manx	15	0	15	0	0	0
Scottish	17,040	8,310	8,730	25	15	10
Welsh	1,335	615	720	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,535	770	765	0	0	0
French origins	18,550	8,920	9,635	15	10	0
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	18,555	8,920	9,635	15	10	10
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,080	4,950	5,130	10	10	0
Austrian	375	160	220	0	0	0
Bavarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belgian	195	135	60	0	0	0
Dutch	2,370	1,145	1,230	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	7,565	3,700	3,860	10	10	0
Luxembourger	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	85	60	25	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	6,175	2,885	3,295	10	0	0
Danish	445	250	190	0	0	0
Finnish	3,965	1,850	2,120	0	0	0
Icelandic	115	30	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	720	345	370	10	10	0
Swedish	1,395	600	800	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	125	65	60	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	8,150	3,965	4,185	15	10	10
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	195	105	90	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	165	95	65	0	0	0
Estonian	260	150	105	0	0	0
Hungarian	410	190	220	0	0	0
Latvian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	235	135	100	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	3,095	1,480	1,620	0	0	0
Romanian	190	95	90	0	0	0
Russian	510	240	265	0	0	0
Slovak	215	120	105	0	0	0
Ukrainian	3,975	1,840	2,135	15	10	10
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	17,805	9,030	8,775	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	760	405	355	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	185	105	80	0	0	0
Italian	16,280	8,250	8,030	0	0	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	100	50	50	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	0	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	385	195	195	0	0	0
Serbian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	95	60	35	0	0	0
Spanish	290	120	175	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	100	60	40	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	185	110	75	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	95	50	45	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	90	60	30	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	340	180	160	0	0	0
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	140	90	50	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	30	30	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	195	110	85	10	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	65	35	25	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	10	0
African origins	415	250	170	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	145	75	65	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	60	30	35	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	25	10	10	0	0	0
North African origins	40	25	15	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	35	20	10	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	235	150	90	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	55	25	30	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	180	120	60	0	0	0
Asian origins	1,855	940	910	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	535	310	230	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	120	105	20	0	0	0
Armenian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	170	65	105	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	70	45	25	0	0	0
Syrian	100	60	40	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	40	30	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	20	20	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	555	290	260	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	60	35	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	370	200	170	0	0	0
Goan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	35	10	30	0	0	0
Pakistani	25	15	15	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	35	20	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	30	0	25	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	790	350	440	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese	450	195	250	0	0	0
Filipino	145	45	95	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	55	35	20	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	45	35	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	15	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	65	40	30	0	0	0
Australian	60	30	30	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
Owner	25,140	...	...	15	...	...
Renter	10,415	...	...	0	...	...
Band housing	45	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
Condominium	770	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	34,835	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	35,605	...	...	205	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	4,195	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,225	...	...	35	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,680	...	...	95	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,415	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,790	...	...	35	...	...
5 rooms	5,445	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	5,795	...	...	50	...	...
7 rooms	5,130	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,445	...	...	25	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,485	...	...	195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	115	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
Suitable	34,835	...	...	175	...	...
Not suitable	770	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
1960 or before	12,170	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,520	...	...	55	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,165	...	...	60	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,395	...	...	35	...	...
2001 to 2005	800	...	...	30	...	...
2006 to 2010	840	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	710	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	33,015	...	...	160	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,585	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
1 household maintainer	22,695	...	...	130	...	...
2 household maintainers	12,455	...	...	65	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	450	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	35,600	...	...	205	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,120	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,090	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,865	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,510	...	...	40	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,840	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,895	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,785	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	1,500	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	35,140	...	...	0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,800	...	...	0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,345	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,670	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,790	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.8	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,006	...	...	0	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,533	...	...	0	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	233,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,375	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	22.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	773	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	787	...	...	0	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	67,365	32,560	34,800	465	235	230
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,905	6,215	6,690	140	75	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	19,955	9,245	10,710	120	65	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,505	17,105	17,400	205	95	105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,400	4,355	1,050	55	45	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,335	1,670	660	25	20	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,070	2,690	380	25	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,685	7,160	9,520	100	35	65
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,025	450	575	10	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,400	5,135	6,270	40	10	30
Bachelor's degree	8,385	3,575	4,805	35	10	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	880	395	490	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	210	90	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,550	765	785	10	0	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	285	190	95	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	41,920	20,205	21,710	310	155	150
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,180	2,105	2,080	55	35	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	11,855	5,745	6,115	85	50	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,875	12,355	13,520	165	75	90
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,340	2,685	650	40	40	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,435	1,025	415	15	10	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,905	1,665	240	25	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,080	5,620	7,460	80	30	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	705	345	360	10	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	8,750	3,710	5,045	25	10	20
Bachelor's degree	6,520	2,660	3,860	25	10	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	630	265	365	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	150	90	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,140	490	645	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	230	150	80	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	67,360	32,565	34,800	465	235	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	32,855	15,460	17,400	260	140	120
Education	2,180	565	1,615	15	10	10
13. Education	2,180	570	1,615	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	750	340	415	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	110	25	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	615	230	385	10	0	0
Humanities	1,250	510	740	0	10	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	15	90	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	325	90	235	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	130	195	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	100	50	0	0	0
54. History	235	135	105	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	55	20	30	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,905	1,215	2,685	30	0	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	30	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	70	115	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	855	70	790	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	570	190	380	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	45	15	25	0	0	10
42. Psychology	990	260	725	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,220	610	610	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	5,840	1,805	4,035	45	10	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,005	160	850	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,830	1,645	3,185	35	10	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	930	510	415	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	490	255	235	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	105	70	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	10	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	200	125	70	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,025	635	390	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	850	545	305	0	0	0
25. Library science	55	10	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	80	25	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,390	8,055	340	45	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	105	90	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	715	670	40	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,945	1,795	145	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,600	35	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,420	2,365	55	10	10	0
48. Precision production	1,575	1,535	40	0	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	955	740	210	0	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	155	100	50	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	800	640	165	0	10	0
Health and related fields	6,360	1,115	5,250	15	0	20
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	490	300	190	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,770	740	5,030	20	0	15
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	70	30	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,910	1,605	1,305	35	20	15
12. Personal and culinary services	1,260	265	990	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,025	735	290	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	610	585	30	10	0	10
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	41,915	20,205	21,715	310	155	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	16,045	7,850	8,195	145	80	60
Education	1,455	340	1,115	10	0	0
13. Education	1,455	340	1,115	10	10	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	535	230	305	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	50	20	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	465	180	280	10	0	0
Humanities	840	350	485	0	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	10	50	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	215	45	165	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	250	105	145	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	65	30	0	0	0
54. History	165	95	80	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	30	15	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,115	885	2,235	25	10	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	65	100	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	730	45	690	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	465	130	330	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	15	25	10	0	0
42. Psychology	730	165	565	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	960	455	505	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	4,580	1,380	3,200	35	10	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	125	695	10	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,755	1,255	2,510	25	0	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	685	365	325	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	190	190	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	80	45	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	130	75	50	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	30	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	870	520	345	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	745	465	275	0	10	0
25. Library science	45	0	40	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	40	25	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,965	5,670	290	35	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	80	65	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	515	480	35	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,510	1,380	135	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,105	1,075	30	25	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,710	1,665	40	0	0	0
48. Precision production	1,045	1,010	35	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	560	185	0	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	120	80	40	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	630	485	145	0	0	0
Health and related fields	4,845	830	4,020	20	0	15
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	400	235	165	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,370	540	3,830	15	0	15
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	50	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,230	1,235	995	30	15	15
12. Personal and culinary services	910	180	735	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	845	610	235	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	440	25	0	0	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	67,365	32,560	34,800	465	235	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,860	15,455	17,395	265	140	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	34,505	17,105	17,405	200	95	110
Location of study inside Canada	31,235	15,370	15,865	205	95	105
Same as province or territory of residence	30,105	14,795	15,310	190	90	100
Different than province or territory of residence	1,135	580	555	10	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,275	1,730	1,540	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,250	1,175	1,075	0	0	10
Philippines	15	0	20	0	0	0
India	115	55	60	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	205	115	85	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	35	15	20	0	0	0
France	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other	645	365	275	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	41,915	20,205	21,715	305	155	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,040	7,845	8,195	140	85	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	25,875	12,360	13,520	165	80	85
Location of study inside Canada	23,640	11,290	12,345	160	75	85
Same as province or territory of residence	22,790	10,855	11,935	155	70	85
Different than province or territory of residence	845	435	410	0	10	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,240	1,065	1,170	0	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,695	830	865	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	20	0	0	0
India	110	55	55	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	45	30	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	35	10	20	0	0	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other	330	140	195	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	67,360	32,560	34,805	465	235	230
In the labour force	38,740	19,680	19,055	250	140	105
Employed	34,665	17,210	17,460	180	90	90
Unemployed	4,070	2,470	1,600	70	55	20
Not in the labour force	28,625	12,880	15,750	215	90	120
Participation rate	57.5	60.4	54.7	53.8	59.6	45.7
Employment rate	51.5	52.9	50.2	38.7	38.3	39.1
Unemployment rate	10.5	12.6	8.4	28.0	39.3	19.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	67,365	32,560	34,800	465	235	230
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	26,720	11,740	14,975	220	100	120
Worked	40,650	20,820	19,830	245	140	110
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	19,760	10,790	8,970	100	45	55
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	20,890	10,025	10,860	145	90	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	41.8	42.4	38.8	37.8	40.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	38,735	19,680	19,055	250	140	105
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,020	485	540	20	15	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	37,715	19,195	18,515	230	130	95
Employee	34,975	17,535	17,435	220	125	90
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,740	1,660	1,080	15	10	10
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	38,735	19,680	19,055	250	140	105
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,020	485	540	20	15	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	37,715	19,195	18,515	230	135	100
0 Management occupations	2,995	1,780	1,215	20	10	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,005	1,340	3,665	20	0	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,200	1,740	455	10	0	0
3 Health occupations	3,445	580	2,865	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,700	1,500	3,200	35	10	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	695	330	360	10	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	10,050	3,865	6,190	80	55	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,395	6,070	320	50	45	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	625	565	65	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,605	1,430	175	10	0	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	38,735	19,680	19,055	250	145	105
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,025	480	540	20	10	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	37,715	19,200	18,520	230	130	100
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	290	225	60	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	255	215	45	0	10	0
22 Utilities	385	265	115	0	0	0
23 Construction	2,805	2,575	230	25	30	0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,850	3,400	450	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	785	620	165	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	4,920	2,215	2,710	30	20	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,340	995	345	15	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	455	255	200	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	920	295	630	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	525	275	255	0	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,300	675	625	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,380	1,315	1,060	10	10	10
61 Educational services	2,905	905	2,000	20	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	5,850	845	5,005	40	0	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,315	625	685	25	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,140	1,120	2,020	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,495	770	730	10	0	0
91 Public administration	2,785	1,605	1,185	40	15	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	34,670	17,210	17,455	180	90	90
Worked at home	1,285	585	695	10	10	0
Worked outside Canada	180	70	110	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	3,325	2,500	830	25	20	0
Worked at usual place	29,875	14,055	15,825	150	65	80
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	29,875	14,050	15,825	150	65	80
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,775	12,490	14,290	65	35	30
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,520	1,200	1,315	75	25	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	490	280	210	10	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	90	85	10	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	33,200	16,550	16,650	175	85	90
Car, truck, van - as a driver	27,770	14,105	13,665	155	75	85
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,235	885	1,345	10	10	10
Public transit	1,205	485	715	0	0	0
Walked	1,480	720	760	10	0	0
Bicycle	280	225	50	0	0	0
Other method	240	125	110	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	33,200	16,550	16,655	175	85	90
Less than 15 minutes	18,540	8,880	9,660	75	40	35
15 to 29 minutes	11,435	5,775	5,655	75	30	45
30 to 44 minutes	2,155	1,285	865	10	10	10
45 to 59 minutes	520	265	250	10	0	0
60 minutes and over	555	335	220	15	10	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	33,200	16,550	16,650	175	90	85
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,985	1,460	525	0	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,130	3,265	1,865	40	25	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,010	4,395	3,615	70	25	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,090	3,375	5,715	30	10	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,250	1,150	2,105	0	0	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,735	2,905	2,835	30	15	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	41,905	21,440	20,465	260	145	115
Single responses	41,715	21,390	20,325	260	145	115
Official languages	41,700	21,380	20,320	260	145	115
English	41,490	21,345	20,145	260	145	115
French	215	40	175	0	0	0
Non-official languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	185	50	135	0	0	0
English and French	150	45	105	0	0	0
English and non-official language	35	0	30	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	41,905	21,445	20,465	265	145	120
None	40,385	20,945	19,440	255	145	115
English	160	45	120	0	0	0
French	1,005	320	685	0	0	0
Non-official language	315	125	190	0	0	0
Aboriginal	55	10	45	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	255	115	140	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	10	25	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	78,160	38,145	40,015	635	330	310
Non-movers	69,625	34,170	35,455	595	305	285
Movers	8,530	3,970	4,560	40	25	20
Non-migrants	6,530	3,030	3,500	10	10	0
Migrants	2,000	945	1,055	35	15	20
Internal migrants	1,805	875	925	35	15	20
Intraprovincial migrants	1,580	735	845	30	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	220	140	80	0	10	0
External migrants	200	70	130	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	74,925	36,455	38,470	595	305	290
Non-movers	51,785	25,480	26,305	445	225	215
Movers	23,140	10,975	12,160	150	85	70
Non-migrants	16,810	7,975	8,835	60	30	30
Migrants	6,325	3,000	3,330	90	50	40
Internal migrants	5,680	2,685	2,990	90	50	40
Intraprovincial migrants	5,025	2,355	2,675	80	40	40
Interprovincial migrants	650	330	320	10	10	0
External migrants	650	315	335	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Sault Ste. Marie [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Muskoday First Nation, IRI [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sault Ste. Marie [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Muskoday First Nation, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

Census Profile, 2016 Census Sault Ste. Marie [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Muskoday First Nation, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sault Ste. Marie [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Muskoday First Nation, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan