Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ottawa Ontario [Economic region]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Map : Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,306,249	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,244,909	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	564,144	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	528,303	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	89.9	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14,523.17	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,306,250	636,060	670,185	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	212,825	108,335	104,490	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	66,855	33,960	32,895	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	73,325	37,365	35,960	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	72,650	37,010	35,635	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	870,635	426,940	443,690	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	77,855	39,645	38,210	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	88,135	44,735	43,400	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	82,255	40,915	41,340	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	80,635	39,395	41,240	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	78,700	37,620	41,080	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	84,245	40,225	44,025	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	90,310	43,900	46,415	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	104,995	51,625	53,370	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	98,890	48,080	50,805	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	84,610	40,800	43,805	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	222,790	100,785	122,005	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	74,925	36,000	38,925	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	53,270	25,350	27,925	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	38,050	17,540	20,510	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	27,315	11,930	15,390	375	160	215
85 years and over	29,230	9,970	19,260	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	17,590	6,670	10,925	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	8,925	2,720	6,205	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	2,390	545	1,845	20	5	20
100 years and over	325	35	290	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.6	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.1	66.2	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	17.1	15.8	18.2	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.1	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	42.0	40.9	42.9	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	528,300	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	272,360	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70,860	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	182,795	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	28,680	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	84,710	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,760	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,555	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,085	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,295	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	146,030	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	186,755	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	80,655	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	74,420	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	40,440	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,280,925	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,093,420	527,725	565,695	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	632,850	316,200	316,645	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	523,310	261,195	262,115	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	109,535	55,010	54,530	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	460,575	211,525	249,050	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	305,850	161,735	144,115	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	30,515	12,830	17,690	845	370	470
Divorced	64,970	24,770	40,200	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	59,245	12,195	47,045	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	367,185	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	188,495	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	76,545	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	71,525	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	30,615	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	367,190	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	309,715	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	254,970	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	54,740	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	57,470	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	45,205	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	12,265	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	309,715	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	154,190	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	155,525	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	59,985	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	66,800	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	28,740	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	57,470	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	16,560	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	6,600	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	223,895	104,115	119,775	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	351,225	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	147,595	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	203,625	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,860	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	169,220	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	146,030	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	23,185	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	780,650	394,930	385,725	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	24,230	10,370	13,860	85	40	45
English and French	471,105	218,615	252,490	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	14,285	5,660	8,625	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,290,260	629,565	660,695	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	1,029,820	508,530	521,290	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	223,430	104,590	118,845	1,575	815	755
English and French	23,115	10,975	12,145	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	13,900	5,470	8,425	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,985	110,075	124,910	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.2	17.5	18.9	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	1,251,055	610,960	640,100	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	1,036,580	509,710	526,870	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	825,155	410,215	414,935	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	211,425	99,490	111,935	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	214,475	101,250	113,230	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	1,185	475	705	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	315	135	180	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	170	75	95	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	25	15	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	45	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Malecite	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	45	75	5	5	0
Algonquin	25	10	20	5	0	0
Ojibway	85	35	55	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	5	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	375	130	240	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	340	120	220	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	470	200	270	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	460	200	260	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	213,300	100,770	112,525	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,975	22,550	22,425	50	25	25
Berber languages	380	200	180	0	0	0
Kabyle	250	130	120	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	125	65	60	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	6,660	2,875	3,785	10	5	5
Bilen	45	30	25	0	0	0
Oromo	220	125	95	0	0	0
Somali	6,305	2,685	3,620	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	37,880	19,445	18,435	40	25	20
Amharic	1,465	690	775	5	0	0
Arabic	34,870	17,995	16,875	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	30	40	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Harari	60	30	30	0	0	0
Hebrew	370	195	170	5	0	0
Maltese	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	910	440	470	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,230	3,315	3,915	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,110	490	620	0	0	0
Vietnamese	6,110	2,820	3,285	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	8,180	2,925	5,255	990	415	575
Bikol	30	10	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	395	125	270	80	35	45
Fijian	5	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	115	35	75	40	15	25
Ilocano	585	230	355	35	15	20
Malagasy	60	30	30	0	0	0
Malay	420	170	250	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	5	5	0
Pangasinan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,345	2,240	4,105	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	45	85	10	0	5
Creole languages	4,285	1,795	2,490	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	300	135	170	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	3,800	1,575	2,220	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	4,305	2,225	2,080	55	30	25
Kannada	225	120	110	0	0	0
Malayalam	690	360	325	25	10	15
Tamil	2,880	1,470	1,410	25	10	10
Telugu	495	270	225	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	97,310	46,485	50,825	1,715	885	825
Albanian	665	330	335	5	0	5
Armenian	505	260	245	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	21,810	9,780	12,035	295	150	150
Baltic languages	535	225	310	5	5	0
Latvian	295	130	165	0	5	0
Lithuanian	240	95	145	0	0	0
Slavic languages	21,280	9,555	11,720	290	145	145
Belarusan	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bosnian	615	280	335	5	0	5
Bulgarian	875	410	465	5	0	0
Croatian	1,075	495	575	5	5	5
Czech	1,070	490	585	55	30	25
Macedonian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Polish	6,075	2,735	3,345	65	35	30
Russian	6,390	2,780	3,605	75	35	45
Serbian	1,800	860	935	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	5	5	5
Slovak	630	285	345	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	95	140	15	5	10
Ukrainian	1,835	795	1,035	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	145	65	80	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	55	30	25	0	5	0
Welsh	65	25	40	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	5	0	0
Germanic languages	13,500	6,330	7,165	945	495	445
Afrikaans	190	90	100	10	5	5
Danish	400	190	210	20	10	5
Dutch	4,145	2,010	2,130	115	50	60
Frisian	120	65	55	0	5	0
German	7,820	3,575	4,245	765	415	355
Icelandic	25	15	15	5	5	0
Norwegian	160	60	95	10	5	5
Swedish	310	155	155	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	55	65	5	0	0
Yiddish	190	105	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	2,540	1,350	1,195	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	28,465	14,365	14,100	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	19,615	9,910	9,705	190	100	95
Bengali	3,380	1,685	1,695	25	5	15
Gujarati	1,615	845	770	20	20	5
Hindi	2,940	1,505	1,440	35	20	15
Kashmiri	25	10	10	0	0	0
Konkani	110	55	50	0	0	0
Marathi	300	150	145	0	0	0
Nepali	935	445	490	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	40	25	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,105	2,105	2,000	85	40	45
Sindhi	285	130	150	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	840	405	435	5	0	5
Urdu	5,040	2,550	2,495	20	10	10
Iranian languages	8,745	4,395	4,355	25	20	10
Kurdish	660	345	315	0	0	0
Pashto	1,090	550	540	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	6,990	3,500	3,495	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	45	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	29,675	14,005	15,670	225	105	120
Catalan	30	15	15	5	0	5
Italian	9,725	4,860	4,865	25	15	10
Portuguese	4,490	2,105	2,390	15	5	5
Romanian	2,690	1,230	1,460	10	10	5
Spanish	12,710	5,780	6,925	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,055	320	735	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Korean	2,170	915	1,250	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	30	15	15	0	0	5
Mongolian	30	15	15	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,490	2,420	3,070	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	365	180	185	0	0	0
Bamanankan	80	30	45	0	0	0
Edo	35	15	20	0	0	0
Ewe	75	25	50	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	45	55	0	0	0
Ga	60	35	30	0	0	0
Ganda	125	60	65	0	0	0
Igbo	195	95	90	0	0	0
Lingala	340	125	210	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	850	365	485	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	235	420	5	0	0
Shona	115	45	70	0	0	0
Swahili	1,125	500	625	0	0	0
Wolof	80	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	245	130	115	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,055	495	555	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	140	170	0	0	0
Dinka	90	45	45	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	95	125	0	0	0
Sign languages	280	135	145	20	10	5
American Sign Language	95	35	55	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	90	80	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	32,610	15,125	17,485	350	150	195
Chinese languages	31,795	14,730	17,065	350	155	195
Cantonese	10,370	4,875	5,490	225	100	120
Hakka	165	65	95	0	0	5
Mandarin	18,895	8,700	10,195	95	40	60
Min Dong	50	25	25	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	740	320	420	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	450	205	245	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,110	525	585	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	815	395	420	0	0	0
Burmese	225	120	110	0	0	0
Karenic languages	325	155	165	0	0	0
Tibetan	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	735	255	485	30	5	25
Lao	360	165	200	5	5	5
Thai	375	90	285	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,705	870	835	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	125	70	55	0	0	0
Turkish	1,440	735	700	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	65	30	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,440	1,185	1,260	75	40	35
Estonian	185	95	90	0	0	0
Finnish	365	155	210	25	15	10
Hungarian	1,885	935	950	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	5	0	0
Multiple responses	39,205	18,610	20,595	675	345	330
English and French	16,445	7,785	8,660	220	115	100
English and non-official language	16,205	7,825	8,385	420	210	215
French and non-official language	4,000	1,825	2,175	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	2,550	1,175	1,375	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	1,226,575	599,570	627,000	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	1,122,855	550,665	572,190	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	972,475	480,455	492,020	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	150,380	70,210	80,170	860	420	435
Non-official languages	103,715	48,910	54,810	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	355	150	200	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	75	35	40	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	35	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	15	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	55	80	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	115	50	75	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	135	60	75	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	135	55	75	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	103,365	48,755	54,610	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,940	11,985	12,950	30	15	15
Berber languages	225	110	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	185	90	95	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	3,855	1,580	2,275	5	5	5
Bilen	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oromo	130	70	60	0	0	0
Somali	3,645	1,475	2,165	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20,850	10,295	10,555	20	10	10
Amharic	850	400	450	5	0	0
Arabic	19,365	9,585	9,780	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	135	75	55	5	0	5
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	425	200	225	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,260	1,950	2,310	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	465	200	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,790	1,750	2,045	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,425	1,430	1,995	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	125	50	70	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	20	5	10
Ilocano	230	110	120	15	5	10
Malagasy	20	10	5	0	0	0
Malay	125	50	70	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,820	1,160	1,660	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,865	765	1,105	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	155	70	90	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	665	980	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	2,185	1,090	1,095	35	20	15
Kannada	80	40	35	0	0	0
Malayalam	290	150	140	15	10	10
Tamil	1,610	790	825	15	10	5
Telugu	195	105	90	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	39,895	18,945	20,950	540	280	260
Albanian	305	145	160	0	0	0
Armenian	220	105	120	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	9,285	4,370	4,915	85	40	45
Baltic languages	115	50	65	0	0	0
Latvian	65	25	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,165	4,320	4,845	85	40	40
Belarusan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	315	155	155	0	0	0
Bulgarian	420	200	220	0	0	0
Croatian	335	155	185	5	0	0
Czech	260	130	135	15	5	5
Macedonian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	2,110	975	1,135	20	15	10
Russian	3,710	1,735	1,980	30	15	15
Serbian	1,040	520	525	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	200	105	100	5	0	0
Slovak	200	95	110	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	5	0	0
Ukrainian	520	240	280	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,600	770	835	245	125	115
Afrikaans	55	25	30	10	5	5
Danish	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	285	140	150	10	0	5
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
German	1,135	535	600	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	55	35	15	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	770	360	405	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15,600	7,615	7,985	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	10,380	5,135	5,250	90	45	40
Bengali	2,020	975	1,045	15	5	10
Gujarati	700	360	340	15	10	0
Hindi	1,310	660	655	15	10	0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	35	15	20	0	0	0
Marathi	115	50	65	0	0	0
Nepali	735	360	375	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,295	1,160	1,130	45	20	25
Sindhi	70	30	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	190	200	0	0	0
Urdu	2,690	1,325	1,370	10	5	5
Iranian languages	5,195	2,465	2,725	15	10	5
Kurdish	375	195	180	0	0	0
Pashto	695	330	360	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,125	1,940	2,185	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,110	5,575	6,535	110	50	60
Catalan	20	5	10	0	0	0
Italian	2,590	1,160	1,435	5	0	0
Portuguese	1,895	885	1,005	0	0	0
Romanian	1,245	580	660	5	5	5
Spanish	6,355	2,935	3,415	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	405	140	265	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,205	555	650	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	665	825	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	20	10	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	30	10	15	0	0	0
Igbo	55	25	25	0	0	0
Lingala	70	25	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	265	130	135	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	230	80	150	0	0	0
Shona	25	10	5	5	0	0
Swahili	385	175	205	0	0	0
Wolof	35	15	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Dinka	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0	0	0
Sign languages	415	210	200	15	10	5
American Sign Language	125	60	70	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	265	140	125	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,420	10,140	11,280	220	100	120
Chinese languages	20,840	9,865	10,975	215	95	120
Cantonese	5,955	2,750	3,210	155	70	90
Hakka	55	15	35	0	0	0
Mandarin	13,645	6,530	7,120	55	25	30
Min Dong	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	120	170	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	120	135	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	635	330	305	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	580	275	305	0	0	0
Burmese	150	70	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	250	120	125	0	0	0
Tibetan	70	35	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	275	105	170	10	0	5
Lao	175	75	100	5	0	0
Thai	100	30	65	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	880	430	450	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	55	25	25	0	0	0
Turkish	775	375	400	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	20	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	570	265	305	10	5	5
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	40	15	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	510	240	270	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	5	0	0
Multiple responses	63,685	29,995	33,695	830	385	445
English and French	16,465	7,575	8,895	120	60	60
English and non-official language	38,890	18,730	20,165	680	315	370
French and non-official language	3,430	1,460	1,970	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	4,890	2,230	2,660	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	1,022,345	504,475	517,870	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	104,095	49,350	54,745	1,250	590	660
French	81,615	37,515	44,100	890	425	470
Non-official language	72,705	33,895	38,810	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	795	325	470	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	71,910	33,570	38,340	1,245	575	675
English and French	2,725	1,285	1,445	20	10	10
English and non-official language	2,590	1,215	1,375	35	15	20
French and non-official language	4,090	1,780	2,305	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	90	50	45	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,135	496,175	527,955	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,244	45,394	34,252	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,031	39,940	30,991	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	925,315	455,660	469,655	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,735	45,342	32,838	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	719,730	321,760	397,970	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,758	3,006	5,640	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	755,435	383,520	371,910	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,202	43,077	33,906	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,165	496,050	528,120	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,139	58,668	44,067	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,570	496,070	528,495	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,043	47,391	37,023	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	925,445	455,415	470,030	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,843	59,061	42,880	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	719,720	321,675	398,045	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,395	6,853	7,833	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	755,430	382,920	372,515	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,503	56,094	42,728	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	384,140	209,230	174,910	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	61,057	65,412	56,694	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	70,327	76,585	62,842	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.8	92.4	86.6	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	73.5	68.4	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.2	7.6	13.4	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	44,270	21,280	22,995	920	485	435
With total income	1,024,135	496,180	527,955	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	134,680	60,355	74,330	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	160,620	65,870	94,755	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	121,075	51,245	69,825	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	103,340	45,915	57,425	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	96,360	44,460	51,900	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	83,580	40,625	42,955	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	71,180	36,680	34,500	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	55,860	30,370	25,490	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	46,960	25,965	20,995	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	40,795	22,020	18,775	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	109,680	72,670	37,005	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	78,485	50,025	28,460	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	31,190	22,650	8,545	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,068,405	517,460	550,950	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	43,890	21,235	22,655	920	485	435
With after-tax income	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140,715	61,590	79,125	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	167,310	69,085	98,225	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	140,305	60,365	79,940	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	126,395	57,435	68,960	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	114,985	54,740	60,245	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	94,245	48,400	45,845	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	71,435	39,420	32,015	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	57,830	31,845	25,985	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	111,300	73,345	37,950	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	39,825	23,780	16,050	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	22,995	15,105	7,885	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	48,475	34,465	14,010	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,068,405	517,455	550,950	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	312,970	133,935	179,035	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	755,430	383,520	371,910	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	70.7	74.1	67.5	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,645	48,695	49,950	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	57,170	25,615	31,560	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	92,395	41,745	50,655	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	73,645	34,000	39,645	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	67,775	32,060	35,715	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	64,035	30,445	33,590	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	58,025	28,210	29,820	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	49,640	25,515	24,130	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	39,445	21,460	17,985	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	154,650	95,785	58,860	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	37,405	20,250	17,150	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	33,595	18,115	15,485	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	83,650	57,420	26,230	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,301	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,423	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	146,030	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,318	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,295	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	382,270	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,098	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,240	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,137	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,536	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	146,050	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,335	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,038	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	382,250	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	117,020	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,246	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	7,725	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,650	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,535	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,925	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,370	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,225	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	18,305	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,665	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,980	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,710	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,200	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	36,680	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,135	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,565	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30,320	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	202,320	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60,890	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	43,895	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	53,260	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	44,275	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	528,300	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	8,230	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,775	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,735	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,655	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	19,420	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,415	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,545	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	22,745	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	23,405	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	23,335	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	46,250	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	43,115	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40,780	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	36,705	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,330	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	152,875	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	59,070	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,795	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	55,005	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	364,840	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,314	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,047	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	144,295	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,074	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,193	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	156,455	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,890	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,934	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	53,925	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,994	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,035	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	364,860	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,406	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,149	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	144,365	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,150	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,098	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	156,355	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	145,594	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,531	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	53,865	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,415	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,337	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	197,805	93,510	104,295	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,958	35,546	36,290	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,419	31,894	32,836	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	197,190	92,925	104,265	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,520	47,036	46,061	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,697	38,751	38,649	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	533,790	254,825	278,960	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	118,940	58,140	60,800	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	107,085	49,195	57,890	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	98,505	46,820	51,680	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	100,120	48,015	52,110	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	109,140	52,650	56,490	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	747,130	370,805	376,330	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	119,780	58,225	61,560	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	132,115	64,815	67,305	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	149,505	74,150	75,355	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	174,810	87,145	87,665	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	170,925	86,470	84,450	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,279,500	624,970	654,530	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	256,865	130,880	125,985	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	80,745	41,140	39,605	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	817,780	398,835	418,945	0	0	0
65 years and over	204,855	95,255	109,600	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165,325	77,805	87,515	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	42,300	21,870	20,430	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	14,410	7,530	6,885	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	101,295	47,460	53,830	0	0	0
65 years and over	21,735	8,480	13,255	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.4	13.4	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	16.7	16.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	18.3	17.4	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.9	12.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	10.6	8.9	12.1	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	116,760	57,030	59,735	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	26,470	13,630	12,835	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	9,130	4,770	4,360	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	81,100	39,865	41,235	0	0	0
65 years and over	9,195	3,530	5,665	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.4	10.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.6	11.0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.7	5.2	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	1,266,705	620,015	646,685	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	1,243,200	610,095	633,100	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	492,145	226,905	265,230	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	297,100	139,165	157,940	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	2,055	825	1,230	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	575	235	340	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	220	85	135	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	20	35	0	0	0
Woods Cree	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malecite	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	40	25	20	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	305	115	185	10	10	10
Algonquin	70	35	35	0	0	0
Ojibway	215	80	135	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	20	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	15	0	10	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	635	240	395	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	30	10	25
Inuktitut	580	225	355	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	825	345	475	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	810	345	470	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	10	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	295,135	138,385	156,750	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	62,485	31,325	31,165	70	50	20
Berber languages	540	285	255	0	0	0
Kabyle	420	220	195	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	9,300	4,165	5,140	20	20	0
Bilen	90	55	35	0	0	0
Oromo	380	170	205	0	0	0
Somali	8,770	3,900	4,875	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	135	55	85	0	0	0
Semitic languages	53,645	27,350	26,295	50	35	20
Amharic	1,995	940	1,055	10	0	10
Arabic	48,950	25,110	23,840	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	50	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	40	25	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,960	1,030	930	15	0	10
Maltese	80	30	50	0	0	0
Tigrigna	1,185	495	700	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	240	150	85	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,860	4,175	4,685	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,540	695	840	0	0	0
Vietnamese	7,365	3,505	3,865	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10,720	3,925	6,795	1,225	490	730
Bikol	40	10	25	0	0	10
Cebuano	590	210	380	115	55	60
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	170	55	115	20	0	15
Ilocano	745	305	440	20	10	15
Malagasy	105	55	50	0	0	0
Malay	645	285	365	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	20	45	0	0	0
Pangasinan	65	30	35	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,605	3,440	6,165	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	0	10	0
Creole languages	9,615	4,050	5,565	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	475	180	295	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,535	3,595	4,940	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	650	285	365	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	5,580	2,835	2,745	50	25	20
Kannada	480	235	240	0	0	0
Malayalam	850	390	460	10	10	0
Tamil	3,825	1,965	1,860	45	20	20
Telugu	795	420	370	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145,855	68,520	77,330	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	795	385	405	10	0	0
Armenian	695	365	330	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	26,310	12,060	14,250	375	195	185
Baltic languages	625	270	355	0	0	0
Latvian	325	130	200	10	10	0
Lithuanian	305	145	155	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25,785	11,820	13,960	375	190	180
Belarusan	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,025	475	555	0	0	0
Bulgarian	1,065	490	575	10	0	10
Croatian	1,940	965	975	25	20	10
Czech	1,515	660	850	80	55	25
Macedonian	105	40	65	0	0	0
Polish	7,165	3,285	3,880	50	25	30
Russian	9,590	4,410	5,185	145	65	75
Serbian	2,165	1,055	1,110	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	570	295	275	0	0	0
Slovak	980	420	570	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	295	130	160	30	10	25
Ukrainian	2,510	1,065	1,445	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	0	10	0
Celtic languages	465	210	255	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	10	10	0
Welsh	110	35	65	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	10	10	0
Germanic languages	22,825	10,810	12,020	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	485	245	235	45	25	25
Danish	530	240	285	10	10	0
Dutch	4,855	2,240	2,610	155	75	75
Frisian	165	75	90	0	0	0
German	15,940	7,615	8,330	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	55	25	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	395	155	240	30	15	15
Swedish	710	340	365	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	70	60	0	0	0
Yiddish	410	210	200	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Greek	3,650	1,875	1,770	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	37,370	18,925	18,445	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	27,590	14,010	13,585	300	180	120
Bengali	4,490	2,310	2,185	20	10	10
Gujarati	2,480	1,325	1,155	50	45	10
Hindi	10,660	5,500	5,160	170	115	55
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0	0	0
Konkani	145	80	65	0	0	0
Marathi	580	320	265	0	0	0
Nepali	1,280	645	635	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	75	40	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,690	3,465	3,225	150	70	80
Sindhi	520	230	290	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105	500	600	0	0	0
Urdu	8,140	4,075	4,065	50	25	25
Iranian languages	10,330	5,220	5,110	15	10	0
Kurdish	755	400	355	0	0	0
Pashto	1,465	795	675	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	8,890	4,455	4,435	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	120	85	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	59,585	26,685	32,905	1,130	490	635
Catalan	80	40	45	0	0	0
Italian	16,735	7,985	8,745	130	45	85
Portuguese	6,525	3,200	3,325	55	30	30
Romanian	2,985	1,405	1,580	15	0	10
Spanish	36,760	15,725	21,030	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	0	0	0
Japanese	2,705	1,290	1,410	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Georgian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Korean	2,705	1,160	1,545	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	40	25	20	10	0	0
Mongolian	40	20	20	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10,840	4,810	6,035	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	630	330	300	0	0	0
Bamanankan	160	75	85	0	0	10
Edo	95	40	60	0	0	0
Ewe	205	85	125	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	165	65	95	0	0	0
Ga	170	90	85	0	0	0
Ganda	220	75	145	0	0	0
Igbo	320	170	145	0	0	0
Lingala	1,775	740	1,030	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,600	655	945	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	975	360	615	0	0	10
Shona	175	60	115	0	10	0
Swahili	3,120	1,370	1,750	15	10	10
Wolof	210	115	95	0	0	0
Yoruba	770	405	365	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,380	1,095	1,285	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	320	140	185	0	0	0
Dinka	190	85	105	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	0	0	0
Sign languages	2,270	850	1,420	55	25	35
American Sign Language	1,115	370	745	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	190	55	140	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,025	445	580	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	37,235	17,600	19,630	305	150	155
Chinese languages	36,350	17,180	19,170	300	145	155
Cantonese	12,955	6,160	6,790	180	105	75
Hakka	270	125	140	0	0	0
Mandarin	24,965	11,505	13,450	185	80	105
Min Dong	40	15	25	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,065	475	585	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	420	205	220	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,155	625	530	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	920	440	480	0	0	0
Burmese	305	145	160	0	0	0
Karenic languages	370	180	185	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	360	155	210	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,090	435	655	40	25	15
Lao	480	210	270	10	0	0
Thai	690	255	435	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,565	1,270	1,290	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	140	80	60	0	0	0
Turkish	2,205	1,105	1,100	10	0	0
Uyghur	40	25	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	75	20	60	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,010	1,480	1,530	115	65	50
Estonian	260	125	135	0	0	0
Finnish	550	250	305	45	15	25
Hungarian	2,210	1,110	1,100	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	405	245	155	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,213,385	593,580	619,810	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	247,125	125,995	121,135	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	966,260	467,590	498,675	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	67,535	32,050	35,485	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,026,140	505,660	520,480	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	238,975	111,800	127,175	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	66,695	31,970	34,730	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	32,395	15,440	16,950	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	52,150	23,635	28,510	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	56,430	25,885	30,545	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	26,690	12,195	14,490	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	29,740	13,690	16,050	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	31,305	14,865	16,440	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	15,805	8,170	7,635	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	238,975	111,805	127,175	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	27,285	13,505	13,780	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	43,365	22,030	21,335	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	50,890	22,690	28,205	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	97,845	44,900	52,945	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	19,585	8,680	10,915	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	238,980	111,800	127,175	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	36,870	15,975	20,900	700	295	410
Brazil	1,015	455	560	10	10	10
Colombia	1,295	500	800	15	10	0
El Salvador	1,780	820	960	10	0	0
Guyana	1,520	710	810	10	0	10
Haiti	6,490	2,700	3,795	0	0	0
Jamaica	3,200	1,395	1,810	15	0	15
Mexico	1,405	575	830	45	20	20
Peru	845	380	465	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	560	830	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,970	4,780	6,190	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	6,955	3,105	3,850	45	20	30
Europe	68,875	33,035	35,845	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,625	790	835	10	10	0
Croatia	870	425	445	10	10	0
France	2,620	1,185	1,440	80	50	30
Germany	5,450	2,465	2,990	440	245	195
Greece	1,175	625	555	0	0	0
Hungary	1,015	530	485	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	990	440	550	35	25	15
Italy	5,850	3,065	2,785	40	20	15
Netherlands	3,750	1,850	1,905	135	70	65
Poland	4,520	2,035	2,485	35	10	15
Portugal	2,130	1,080	1,045	10	10	0
Romania	2,530	1,205	1,330	10	0	10
Russian Federation	2,985	1,285	1,695	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	935	445	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,835	865	970	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	21,695	10,710	10,985	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	8,895	4,040	4,855	355	215	140
Africa	31,240	14,385	16,850	175	125	50
Algeria	1,075	515	565	10	0	0
Egypt	3,535	1,850	1,680	0	0	0
Ethiopia	2,235	1,025	1,210	10	10	0
Kenya	1,105	565	535	10	10	0
Morocco	1,275	585	690	10	10	0
Nigeria	1,305	590	710	15	10	0
Somalia	3,895	1,495	2,405	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	975	525	450	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	15,845	7,240	8,605	45	35	15
Asia	100,970	47,855	53,120	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	2,435	1,235	1,200	0	0	0
Bangladesh	2,780	1,440	1,340	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	17,905	7,735	10,165	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	3,095	1,565	1,530	15	10	0
India	11,020	5,530	5,495	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	4,485	2,245	2,240	15	10	10
Iraq	3,585	1,915	1,665	0	0	0
Japan	770	205	565	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,795	795	1,005	50	25	30
Lebanon	11,230	5,875	5,360	0	0	0
Pakistan	4,360	2,155	2,200	25	10	15
Philippines	9,380	3,470	5,915	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	2,640	1,265	1,380	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,215	1,645	1,575	10	0	0
Taiwan	870	370	495	10	0	0
Viet Nam	5,725	2,615	3,115	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	15,670	7,800	7,870	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,015	555	460	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	31,305	14,870	16,440	1,115	470	640
Americas	4,390	2,010	2,375	85	25	55
Brazil	145	80	60	10	0	10
Colombia	190	80	110	0	0	0
Cuba	135	80	60	10	0	10
Haiti	1,325	560	760	0	0	0
Jamaica	115	70	50	0	0	0
Mexico	275	110	160	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,365	695	675	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	125	35	90	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	710	300	410	0	0	0
Europe	2,795	1,375	1,420	170	85	85
France	325	175	145	40	20	20
Germany	185	90	95	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	45	25	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	40	15	20	10	0	0
Romania	120	60	60	0	0	0
Russian Federation	365	145	215	10	0	10
Ukraine	220	105	115	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	720	380	335	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	755	350	405	35	20	20
Africa	6,265	2,815	3,450	15	10	0
Algeria	140	50	85	0	0	0
Cameroon	345	165	175	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	720	270	455	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	170	55	115	0	0	0
Egypt	785	425	360	0	0	0
Eritrea	250	115	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	335	115	215	0	0	0
Morocco	170	75	95	0	0	0
Nigeria	385	165	215	10	0	0
Somalia	355	155	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	115	55	65	0	0	0
Tunisia	100	40	60	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,395	1,130	1,265	10	10	0
Asia	17,690	8,580	9,110	835	345	495
Afghanistan	535	270	260	0	0	0
Bangladesh	535	265	270	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,650	1,115	1,535	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	85	45	35	0	0	0
India	2,025	1,110	920	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	795	380	420	15	10	0
Iraq	1,080	565	515	0	0	0
Israel	190	105	80	0	0	0
Japan	115	30	85	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	230	85	145	25	15	10
Lebanon	910	485	430	0	0	0
Nepal	290	165	125	0	0	0
Pakistan	660	360	300	20	10	10
Philippines	2,760	1,120	1,640	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	365	205	155	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	240	105	135	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,895	1,020	875	0	0	0
Taiwan	45	30	20	0	0	0
Turkey	185	95	90	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	340	210	130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	200	80	115	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,570	745	825	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	170	90	70	10	10	10
Australia	145	90	60	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	265,840	125,760	140,080	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	229,190	114,790	114,405	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	785,890	385,080	400,805	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	175,665	81,505	94,155	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	80,850	40,235	40,610	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	33,605	20,670	12,935	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	47,245	19,565	27,680	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	51,860	20,490	31,370	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	40,840	19,920	20,920	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,120	860	1,255	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	36,625	17,215	19,405	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,910	16,470	18,440	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	19,195	9,020	10,175	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	14,315	6,830	7,490	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	1,400	625	775	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	795	325	470	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	920	420	500	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,244,295	608,415	635,885	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10,625	4,930	5,700	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,270,295	620,705	649,590	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,045	3,670	4,375	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	7,900	3,605	4,295	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,825	2,720	3,105	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	1,440	590	855	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	635	300	335	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	65	80	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	115	50	70	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,745	27,465	31,280	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	57,270	26,870	30,395	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,160	18,720	21,445	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,030	7,680	8,345	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,075	470	605	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,475	595	885	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,370	555	810	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	30	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,214,130	594,495	619,635	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,280,925	625,630	655,290	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	251,225	120,970	130,255	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	41,545	21,150	20,395	500	275	225
Chinese	42,110	20,005	22,110	415	170	240
Black	62,690	29,340	33,350	270	120	150
Filipino	12,820	5,055	7,765	1,190	480	710
Latin American	11,730	5,280	6,445	130	75	60
Arab	41,605	21,715	19,895	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	12,745	6,015	6,735	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	9,275	4,725	4,550	30	20	10
Korean	3,125	1,435	1,690	70	20	50
Japanese	2,595	1,105	1,490	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,780	1,255	1,525	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	8,215	3,910	4,305	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,029,700	504,660	525,040	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	66,790	31,135	35,660	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,560	22,075	25,480	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	1,850	825	1,025	390	195	200
Métis	19,015	8,895	10,120	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	452,815	221,755	231,055	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	4,610	2,250	2,360	165	65	95
American	15,885	7,640	8,240	675	310	365
Canadian	438,800	214,805	223,995	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	885	535	350	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	140	80	60	10	0	0
Ontarian	520	240	285	0	0	10
Québécois	1,185	615	565	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	60	45	15	0	0	0
European origins	838,825	409,795	429,040	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	570,025	278,510	291,520	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	140	35	105	0	0	0
Cornish	105	60	45	0	0	0
English	283,610	139,040	144,575	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	287,915	136,545	151,370	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	245	140	105	10	0	10
Scottish	253,600	124,050	129,550	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	22,705	10,885	11,820	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	42,875	20,075	22,805	1,235	595	640
French origins	274,805	131,260	143,550	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	85	40	45	0	10	0
Breton	160	90	70	15	10	10
Corsican	55	40	15	0	0	0
French	274,665	131,170	143,495	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	164,140	80,255	83,885	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	6,915	3,375	3,545	365	180	185
Bavarian	75	25	50	10	10	0
Belgian	5,740	2,765	2,980	175	85	90
Dutch	47,420	23,760	23,660	1,765	815	945
Flemish	540	280	260	10	0	10
Frisian	260	145	120	15	0	15
German	110,025	53,225	56,800	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	175	100	75	10	0	0
Swiss	6,220	3,060	3,160	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	160	80	85	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	29,325	14,665	14,655	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	6,790	3,500	3,290	555	275	280
Finnish	4,820	2,430	2,390	275	135	145
Icelandic	1,740	825	915	215	125	85
Norwegian	7,890	3,930	3,955	1,380	690	690
Swedish	8,465	4,035	4,430	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,860	1,050	805	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	102,390	49,340	53,050	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	1,530	715	815	45	15	30
Byelorussian	870	420	445	20	10	0
Czech	4,285	2,000	2,285	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	905	395	510	40	10	30
Estonian	1,090	495	600	15	15	0
Hungarian	10,490	5,080	5,410	485	250	235
Latvian	1,290	540	745	50	25	20
Lithuanian	2,795	1,395	1,395	35	15	25
Moldovan	395	165	230	0	0	0
Polish	39,265	18,805	20,460	1,140	530	605
Romanian	6,855	3,335	3,525	130	60	75
Russian	17,075	7,905	9,170	820	365	460
Slovak	3,025	1,435	1,595	110	60	55
Ukrainian	29,875	14,590	15,285	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,110	585	525	35	20	20
Southern European origins	94,885	46,295	48,590	1,490	690	795
Albanian	1,105	545	560	10	0	0
Bosnian	1,275	605	670	20	15	10
Catalan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Croatian	3,840	1,845	1,995	55	25	35
Cypriot	180	75	110	0	0	0
Greek	8,425	4,275	4,150	90	50	40
Italian	54,455	27,045	27,405	915	400	520
Kosovar	60	30	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	650	250	395	15	15	0
Maltese	820	425	395	10	0	0
Montenegrin	170	85	85	0	0	0
Portuguese	10,425	5,055	5,370	70	30	35
Serbian	2,805	1,390	1,410	10	0	0
Sicilian	290	145	145	10	0	10
Slovenian	1,375	685	690	45	15	30
Spanish	14,045	6,215	7,830	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	965	455	515	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	25	45	0	0	0
Other European origins	9,415	4,790	4,625	450	175	280
Basque	300	170	130	20	0	20
Jewish	6,330	3,260	3,075	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	120	55	70	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	225	105	125	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,495	1,240	1,255	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	27,530	12,470	15,065	165	70	95
Antiguan	285	155	130	0	0	0
Bahamian	175	120	60	10	0	0
Barbadian	1,415	605	815	10	0	0
Bermudan	155	90	70	0	0	0
Carib	115	40	75	0	0	0
Cuban	1,175	540	635	15	0	0
Dominican	795	360	435	0	0	0
Grenadian	315	155	155	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10,240	4,570	5,670	0	0	0
Jamaican	8,435	3,875	4,560	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	20	35	0	0	0
Martinican	30	15	15	0	0	0
Montserratan	45	25	20	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	155	75	80	0	0	0
St. Lucian	810	310	495	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,245	1,040	1,205	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	85	165	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,715	725	990	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,105	520	585	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	19,025	8,810	10,215	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	860	405	455	0	0	0
Arawak	60	25	35	0	0	0
Argentinian	700	380	315	35	15	20
Belizean	100	45	50	0	0	0
Bolivian	155	80	70	0	0	0
Brazilian	1,185	585	605	20	10	10
Chilean	1,150	590	560	25	20	10
Colombian	1,995	905	1,090	25	15	10
Costa Rican	195	85	115	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	290	150	140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	445	160	285	0	10	0
Guyanese	2,150	1,055	1,100	10	0	10
Hispanic	345	185	160	0	0	0
Honduran	295	90	200	10	0	10
Maya	335	165	170	0	0	0
Mexican	3,175	1,360	1,810	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	1,125	550	580	0	0	0
Panamanian	110	60	55	10	0	0
Paraguayan	35	15	15	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,320	625	695	0	0	0
Salvadorean	2,260	1,095	1,170	0	0	0
Uruguayan	95	45	60	0	0	0
Venezuelan	980	380	590	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,265	530	730	0	0	0
African origins	57,970	27,945	30,025	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	12,245	6,005	6,245	60	30	25
Akan	110	60	50	0	0	0
Angolan	200	90	110	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Beninese	115	70	45	0	0	0
Burkinabe	285	120	160	0	0	0
Cameroonian	1,370	700	670	0	0	0
Chadian	150	75	75	0	0	0
Congolese	4,000	1,780	2,215	0	0	0
Edo	50	25	25	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	115	65	55	0	0	0
Gambian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,385	760	630	10	10	10
Guinean	270	120	150	0	0	0
Ibo	120	55	65	0	0	0
Ivorian	525	220	305	0	0	0
Liberian	95	55	40	0	0	0
Malian	170	75	90	0	0	0
Malinké	75	40	35	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,085	1,070	1,015	15	10	10
Peulh	70	40	30	0	0	0
Senegalese	365	180	185	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	100	50	55	0	0	0
Togolese	320	155	160	0	0	0
Wolof	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yoruba	345	210	135	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	900	460	440	30	20	10
North African origins	13,380	6,895	6,485	35	15	20
Algerian	1,375	685	690	0	0	0
Berber	905	480	415	10	10	0
Coptic	130	70	65	0	0	0
Dinka	50	20	30	0	0	0
Egyptian	6,085	3,220	2,875	0	0	0
Libyan	1,215	625	595	0	0	0
Maure	40	30	15	20	0	15
Moroccan	2,265	1,090	1,175	0	0	0
Sudanese	845	425	425	0	0	0
Tunisian	680	350	330	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	455	230	220	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	23,510	10,995	12,520	125	60	65
Afrikaner	60	30	30	0	0	10
Amhara	80	50	35	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	375	170	200	0	0	0
Burundian	1,920	860	1,060	0	0	0
Djiboutian	730	300	430	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,375	625	750	0	0	0
Ethiopian	2,880	1,305	1,575	10	0	0
Harari	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	615	310	305	15	10	10
Malagasy	215	110	105	0	0	0
Mauritian	385	170	215	10	10	0
Oromo	285	145	135	0	0	0
Rwandan	1,315	530	780	0	0	0
Seychellois	35	10	25	15	10	0
Somali	10,385	4,910	5,475	15	15	10
South African	1,375	670	705	60	20	35
Tanzanian	310	130	180	0	0	0
Tigrian	180	85	95	0	0	0
Ugandan	405	195	205	0	0	0
Zambian	145	60	80	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	330	160	170	0	10	0
Zulu	50	35	15	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,335	670	670	10	0	10
Other African origins	10,175	4,760	5,410	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,270	520	750	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,095	4,335	4,765	130	55	75
Asian origins	188,020	92,115	95,910	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,450	34,240	32,215	195	110	85
Afghan	4,020	2,045	1,975	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	7,475	3,835	3,640	15	10	10
Armenian	1,545	800	740	25	15	15
Assyrian	130	60	75	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	215	85	130	0	0	0
Georgian	180	100	85	0	0	0
Hazara	50	25	25	0	0	0
Iranian	7,070	3,535	3,530	20	10	10
Iraqi	4,780	2,525	2,255	10	0	0
Israeli	735	390	345	0	0	0
Jordanian	1,485	805	685	0	0	0
Kazakh	155	80	80	0	0	0
Kurd	855	460	400	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	965	485	480	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	35	25	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	26,870	13,780	13,095	60	45	15
Palestinian	4,055	2,270	1,795	0	0	0
Pashtun	265	145	125	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	575	275	300	0	0	0
Syrian	4,700	2,450	2,250	0	0	10
Tajik	100	55	50	0	0	0
Tatar	155	60	100	10	0	0
Turk	3,040	1,605	1,435	30	15	15
Turkmen	125	60	65	0	0	0
Uighur	50	30	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	160	75	90	20	10	10
Yemeni	1,000	510	490	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,115	1,080	1,035	0	0	10
South Asian origins	43,695	22,135	21,560	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	2,400	1,245	1,150	30	15	0
Bengali	1,110	560	550	0	0	0
Bhutanese	315	165	150	0	0	0
East Indian	29,395	14,930	14,460	315	160	160
Goan	135	70	65	0	0	0
Gujarati	200	115	85	40	40	0
Kashmiri	60	15	40	0	0	0
Nepali	900	445	455	0	10	0
Pakistani	5,085	2,540	2,550	60	25	30
Punjabi	1,170	610	560	0	0	0
Sinhalese	290	150	145	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	3,050	1,520	1,530	20	20	10
Tamil	995	490	510	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,300	1,150	1,150	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	79,695	36,600	43,090	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	605	300	305	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,355	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Chinese	47,930	22,555	25,370	625	240	380
Filipino	14,135	5,680	8,460	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	640	260	375	20	0	15
Japanese	3,370	1,430	1,940	95	50	45
Karen	285	150	130	0	0	0
Korean	3,340	1,560	1,780	80	25	55
Laotian	710	330	385	0	0	0
Malaysian	495	180	310	45	10	40
Mongolian	305	170	130	10	10	10
Singaporean	50	20	30	0	0	0
Taiwanese	755	345	405	0	0	0
Thai	715	235	475	25	10	15
Tibetan	90	45	50	0	0	0
Vietnamese	9,020	4,425	4,600	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	255	140	115	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	390	180	215	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	390	180	210	25	0	25
Oceania origins	2,335	1,150	1,190	170	80	90
Australian	1,645	770	875	80	35	50
New Zealander	490	280	205	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	240	105	135	35	25	10
Fijian	60	20	40	0	0	10
Hawaiian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Maori	20	15	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	85	25	60	0	0	0
Samoan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	35	20	15	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	362,625	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	165,670	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	528,300	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	63,340	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	464,965	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	528,300	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	2,800	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	65,605	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	115,775	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	209,435	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	134,690	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,930	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	72,285	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	80,640	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	79,655	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	168,800	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	528,300	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	521,700	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	6,605	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	507,180	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	21,120	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	528,300	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	114,465	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	153,640	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	84,905	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	63,105	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	37,430	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	38,900	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35,855	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	496,560	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	31,745	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	298,475	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	218,255	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	11,570	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	528,305	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,565	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,470	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,105	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	112,490	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	107,015	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	76,900	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	39,815	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	13,935	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	523,375	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	400,025	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	123,355	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	106,875	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	358,420	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.3	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,288	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,402	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,589	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	394,549	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	165,405	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.8	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.5	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,050	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,089	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,068,405	517,440	550,960	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	152,980	77,940	75,040	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	276,465	136,005	140,465	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	638,960	303,495	335,465	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,910	38,755	19,150	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,565	17,885	12,680	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,340	20,875	6,470	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	231,810	100,330	131,485	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,770	8,620	12,155	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	328,465	155,785	172,680	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	205,915	93,270	112,650	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,035	8,085	10,950	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,615	3,885	3,730	190	115	75
Master's degree	79,330	39,595	39,735	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	16,570	10,955	5,615	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	698,620	338,065	360,555	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	54,905	30,600	24,310	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	154,725	79,015	75,710	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	488,995	228,455	260,540	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,595	26,330	13,260	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,920	12,060	8,860	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,675	14,270	4,405	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	178,785	78,465	100,320	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,495	5,820	7,680	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	257,115	117,835	139,285	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	160,285	71,395	88,880	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,255	5,555	8,705	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,945	2,695	3,250	165	90	75
Master's degree	64,750	31,015	33,735	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	11,885	7,175	4,710	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	429,450	213,950	215,500	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	37,410	8,445	28,965	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	37,405	8,440	28,965	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	21,715	9,580	12,135	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,570	3,295	1,270	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	17,140	6,280	10,860	465	170	295
Humanities	39,380	15,015	24,365	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,775	1,140	4,635	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	10,310	3,175	7,135	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,710	2,845	4,870	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	400	120	280	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,700	1,500	1,205	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,425	1,425	1,000	95	70	25
54. History	7,580	4,300	3,280	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	2,480	520	1,960	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,370	38,580	65,785	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,575	420	1,155	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10,535	3,790	6,745	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	13,225	1,175	12,050	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	16,320	6,005	10,310	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,440	555	1,885	45	10	35
42. Psychology	15,780	3,905	11,880	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	44,490	22,725	21,765	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	122,450	49,665	72,790	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	275	105	165	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	13,130	3,425	9,700	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	109,050	46,130	62,920	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,125	15,430	14,695	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,680	6,005	8,675	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,470	2,245	2,220	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	315	80	235	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	9,515	6,610	2,905	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	485	665	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	39,140	25,230	13,910	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	29,595	20,690	8,905	285	170	120
25. Library science	3,030	620	2,405	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,415	3,200	2,215	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,100	720	385	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	111,605	98,990	12,610	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	5,215	3,400	1,820	90	70	25
14. Engineering	38,745	31,790	6,960	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,540	22,060	2,475	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	0	25	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	16,365	15,940	420	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,595	19,030	565	990	955	40
48. Precision production	7,105	6,765	340	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,870	7,175	4,695	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,510	4,740	2,770	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,360	2,430	1,925	695	395	300
Health and related fields	86,600	17,295	69,300	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,685	3,705	3,985	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	76,565	12,340	64,225	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,345	1,255	1,090	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	34,205	18,050	16,155	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	17,650	4,985	12,670	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	915	765	150	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	675	615	55	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10,305	7,390	2,915	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,665	4,295	370	455	420	35
Other	85	35	50	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	35	50	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	698,620	338,065	360,555	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	209,630	109,610	100,015	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	25,375	5,465	19,905	1,245	380	860
13. Education	25,370	5,465	19,910	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,620	7,250	9,370	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,420	2,395	1,030	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	13,205	4,860	8,340	425	150	270
Humanities	27,740	10,400	17,345	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,440	835	3,600	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	7,270	2,175	5,095	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,220	1,925	3,295	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	310	85	225	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,870	1,050	820	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,610	980	625	85	70	15
54. History	5,520	3,105	2,410	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	1,500	235	1,265	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	82,815	29,190	53,625	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,275	310	965	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,360	2,950	5,410	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,445	895	9,550	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	13,705	4,525	9,180	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,050	465	1,585	40	10	35
42. Psychology	11,960	2,805	9,160	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	35,020	17,250	17,770	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	96,030	37,965	58,065	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	210	85	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,470	2,590	7,880	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,355	35,290	50,065	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,710	10,320	11,395	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,085	4,290	6,790	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,120	1,510	1,615	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	60	180	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	6,490	4,185	2,305	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	780	275	505	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	33,865	22,005	11,865	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,790	18,700	8,085	265	150	115
25. Library science	2,145	445	1,700	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,955	2,245	1,710	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	615	370	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	84,315	73,625	10,690	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	4,135	2,585	1,550	75	55	25
14. Engineering	30,365	24,285	6,085	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,500	16,535	1,965	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	25	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	12,020	11,670	345	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,320	13,840	480	735	695	35
48. Precision production	4,950	4,710	240	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,100	5,230	3,865	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,545	3,305	2,235	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,555	1,925	1,630	625	350	280
Health and related fields	65,015	13,275	51,735	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,035	2,865	3,170	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	57,175	9,560	47,615	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,805	845	955	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,320	13,700	12,625	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	13,505	3,810	9,695	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	750	605	145	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	345	30	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	8,090	5,655	2,435	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,595	3,280	315	345	320	25
Other	80	35	45	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	80	35	50	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	429,450	213,950	215,500	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	638,955	303,495	335,460	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	551,985	261,540	290,445	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	456,775	216,160	240,615	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	95,215	45,385	49,830	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	86,970	41,950	45,015	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,525	7,850	6,675	635	345	285
Philippines	4,675	1,400	3,275	570	210	360
India	5,795	2,800	3,000	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,880	6,695	5,185	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,415	2,930	3,490	40	15	20
France	2,235	1,120	1,115	65	35	25
Other	41,445	19,160	22,280	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	698,620	338,065	360,555	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	209,630	109,610	100,015	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	488,995	228,450	260,540	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	425,425	199,260	226,160	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	354,490	165,740	188,745	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	70,940	33,520	37,420	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	63,570	29,190	34,375	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,405	5,325	5,075	460	245	215
Philippines	4,045	1,200	2,845	550	205	340
India	4,155	1,955	2,200	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,465	3,500	2,965	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	4,740	2,090	2,650	25	10	20
France	1,745	855	890	55	30	20
Other	32,015	14,270	17,750	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	702,740	359,610	343,130	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	652,640	332,550	320,085	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	50,095	27,055	23,045	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	365,665	157,835	207,835	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	65.8	69.5	62.3	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	61.1	64.3	58.1	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.5	6.7	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	345,055	148,385	196,670	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	723,350	369,055	354,290	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	393,755	215,625	178,130	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	329,595	153,430	176,165	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.7	42.9	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	702,740	359,610	343,130	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	612,450	306,560	305,890	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	74,400	45,155	29,250	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	702,740	359,605	343,135	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	80,995	49,215	31,780	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	119,035	38,305	80,725	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	71,545	54,240	17,310	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	45,725	9,670	36,055	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	103,245	36,380	66,855	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	23,295	10,110	13,180	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	149,205	70,075	79,130	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	71,200	66,790	4,415	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,060	7,160	1,905	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,550	9,775	3,780	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	702,740	359,610	343,135	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,055	6,215	2,845	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	990	870	115	505	440	70
22 Utilities	2,450	1,975	480	160	115	50
23 Construction	41,525	36,490	5,030	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	31,190	22,205	8,990	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	17,850	12,945	4,910	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	75,870	38,075	37,795	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,045	17,710	6,335	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	16,670	10,250	6,415	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	21,070	9,250	11,825	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,830	6,495	5,335	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	60,520	36,080	24,440	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	510	175	330	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,445	18,305	12,145	565	330	235
61 Educational services	53,405	17,210	36,190	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	78,085	15,090	62,990	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,660	6,610	7,050	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	45,375	21,250	24,125	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,240	12,510	16,735	775	415	355
91 Public administration	123,065	62,010	61,060	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	652,640	332,555	320,090	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	49,365	25,020	24,345	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	2,645	1,750	900	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	60,140	43,835	16,305	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	540,490	261,955	278,535	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	540,485	261,955	278,535	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	417,985	200,955	217,035	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	17,415	21,085	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	58,160	30,120	28,040	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	25,840	13,460	12,375	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	600,625	305,785	294,835	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	412,355	221,815	190,535	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	35,605	12,215	23,395	1,095	385	710
Public transit	94,295	42,020	52,275	720	315	405
Walked	40,190	18,760	21,425	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	12,205	7,915	4,295	470	285	190
Other method	5,980	3,070	2,915	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	600,625	305,790	294,840	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	139,170	66,285	72,890	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	210,425	107,875	102,555	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	139,445	73,540	65,900	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	62,500	31,865	30,635	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	49,090	26,220	22,865	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	600,625	305,790	294,835	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,955	24,205	11,750	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	115,025	65,360	49,670	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	172,655	83,070	89,590	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	133,920	61,450	72,470	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	62,930	28,890	34,035	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80,140	42,815	37,330	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	743,640	379,030	364,615	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	708,500	363,055	345,450	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	704,805	361,190	343,615	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	654,615	340,055	314,560	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	50,195	21,135	29,055	260	95	165
Non-official languages	3,695	1,860	1,830	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	45	10	40	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	20	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	10	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,650	1,855	1,795	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	360	245	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	0	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	590	360	230	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	565	345	220	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	50	90	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	135	45	90	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	20	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,015	465	555	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	100	180	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	275	100	180	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	15	30	0	0	0
Russian	155	45	105	10	0	0
Serbian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	195	90	105	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	150	65	80	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	200	200	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	85	60	25	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	265	115	155	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	65	30	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,490	785	705	25	15	15
Chinese languages	1,480	780	700	25	15	15
Cantonese	570	320	250	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	840	400	435	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	50	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35,140	15,975	19,165	165	75	90
English and French	30,790	13,890	16,900	75	35	40
English and non-official language	3,515	1,690	1,820	80	35	45
French and non-official language	80	30	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	755	360	395	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	743,640	379,030	364,615	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	566,030	296,190	269,840	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	35,750	15,935	19,820	210	80	130
French	130,475	61,260	69,215	825	330	500
Non-official language	9,735	4,885	4,850	475	205	275
Aboriginal	215	70	145	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	9,520	4,810	4,710	305	135	170
English and French	125	45	75	0	0	0
English and non-official language	190	90	100	0	0	0
French and non-official language	1,335	625	710	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,268,015	619,000	649,010	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	1,106,320	539,960	566,355	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	161,690	79,040	82,650	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	104,650	51,185	53,465	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	57,040	27,850	29,190	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	43,950	21,260	22,690	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	30,305	14,510	15,795	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	13,650	6,750	6,900	1,400	725	670
External migrants	13,090	6,590	6,495	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,214,280	591,935	622,350	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	756,280	369,020	387,260	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	458,000	222,920	235,085	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	280,220	136,475	143,745	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	177,775	86,440	91,335	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	134,375	64,655	69,720	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	92,215	44,285	47,930	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	42,165	20,375	21,785	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	43,400	21,785	21,615	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]