Census Profile, 2016 Census
North Simcoe Muskoka, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and West Nova [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	North Simcoe Muskoka, Ontario [Health region, December 2017]			West Nova Nova Scotia [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , North Simcoe Muskoka, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario Map : North Simcoe Muskoka, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : West Nova [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	464,406	...	...	82,026	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	439,435	...	...	83,654	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.7	...	...	-1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	228,256	...	...	43,132	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	182,638	...	...	36,406	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	55.0	...	...	9.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,446.69	...	...	8,885.44	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	464,410	228,600	235,810	82,025	39,875	42,150
0 to 14 years	72,585	37,275	35,310	11,175	5,705	5,470
0 to 4 years	22,055	11,345	10,710	3,425	1,760	1,665
5 to 9 years	24,780	12,745	12,035	3,885	1,945	1,945
10 to 14 years	25,745	13,185	12,560	3,865	2,005	1,855
15 to 64 years	301,110	149,280	151,830	51,060	25,055	26,005
15 to 19 years	27,375	14,055	13,320	4,595	2,345	2,245
20 to 24 years	27,730	14,605	13,130	3,620	1,855	1,765
25 to 29 years	25,790	13,180	12,610	3,570	1,735	1,830
30 to 34 years	25,990	12,880	13,110	3,910	1,930	1,985
35 to 39 years	25,995	12,690	13,305	4,030	1,900	2,130
40 to 44 years	28,075	13,895	14,180	4,685	2,280	2,410
45 to 49 years	30,940	14,990	15,945	5,425	2,630	2,800
50 to 54 years	38,740	18,990	19,755	7,115	3,525	3,595
55 to 59 years	37,305	18,100	19,210	7,400	3,585	3,820
60 to 64 years	33,165	15,895	17,265	6,710	3,280	3,430
65 years and over	90,720	42,045	48,670	19,790	9,115	10,680
65 to 69 years	29,785	14,370	15,420	6,585	3,210	3,380
70 to 74 years	22,500	10,890	11,610	4,875	2,375	2,500
75 to 79 years	15,820	7,475	8,345	3,470	1,605	1,865
80 to 84 years	11,480	5,255	6,225	2,395	1,090	1,310
85 years and over	11,130	4,060	7,070	2,465	835	1,630
85 to 89 years	7,090	2,865	4,225	1,465	535	930
90 to 94 years	3,180	1,015	2,170	715	230	485
95 to 99 years	750	165	580	235	60	185
100 years and over	105	15	95	40	5	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	16.3	15.0	13.6	14.3	13.0
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.3	64.4	62.2	62.8	61.7
65 years and over	19.5	18.4	20.6	24.1	22.9	25.3
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	3.0	3.0	2.1	3.9
Average age of the population	42.9	41.9	43.8	46.1	45.2	47.0
Median age of the population	44.8	43.5	45.9	50.0	49.2	50.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	182,640	...	...	36,405	...	...
Single-detached house	136,180	...	...	30,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,940	...	...	10	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	39,535	...	...	5,395	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,230	...	...	1,435	...	...
Row house	11,230	...	...	780	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,760	...	...	505	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,685	...	...	2,620	...	...
Other single-attached house	630	...	...	55	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	980	...	...	805	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	182,635	...	...	36,405	...	...
1 person	43,480	...	...	10,650	...	...
2 persons	69,130	...	...	15,430	...	...
3 persons	28,990	...	...	5,045	...	...
4 persons	26,385	...	...	3,575	...	...
5 or more persons	14,655	...	...	1,705	...	...
Number of persons in private households	454,515	...	...	80,260	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	391,825	191,325	200,500	70,850	34,165	36,685
Married or living common law	233,800	117,070	116,730	43,520	21,745	21,775
Married	190,650	95,565	95,085	35,420	17,710	17,710
Living common law	43,150	21,505	21,645	8,095	4,035	4,060
Not married and not living common law	158,025	74,260	83,775	27,330	12,420	14,910
Never married	95,150	52,485	42,660	15,150	8,330	6,820
Separated	13,720	6,170	7,550	2,155	980	1,180
Divorced	25,065	10,280	14,785	4,570	2,010	2,560
Widowed	24,090	5,320	18,765	5,455	1,105	4,350
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	137,080	...	...	25,155	...	...
2 persons	73,985	...	...	15,810	...	...
3 persons	28,430	...	...	4,770	...	...
4 persons	24,870	...	...	3,245	...	...
5 or more persons	9,795	...	...	1,335	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	137,080	...	...	25,155	...	...
Total couple families	114,665	...	...	21,435	...	...
Married couples	93,110	...	...	17,385	...	...
Common-law couples	21,555	...	...	4,045	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	22,415	...	...	3,720	...	...
Female parent	17,315	...	...	2,910	...	...
Male parent	5,100	...	...	805	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	114,665	...	...	21,435	...	...
Couples without children	60,515	...	...	13,425	...	...
Couples with children	54,155	...	...	8,010	...	...
1 child	21,720	...	...	3,805	...	...
2 children	23,140	...	...	2,960	...	...
3 or more children	9,295	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	22,415	...	...	3,720	...	...
1 child	13,470	...	...	2,390	...	...
2 children	6,710	...	...	965	...	...
3 or more children	2,230	...	...	370	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	69,735	33,010	36,730	14,200	6,560	7,640
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	182,635	...	...	36,405	...	...
One-census-family households	128,660	...	...	24,370	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	56,995	...	...	13,115	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	71,670	...	...	11,255	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,155	...	...	390	...	...
Non-census-family households	49,820	...	...	11,650	...	...
One-person households	43,485	...	...	10,655	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	6,340	...	...	1,000	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	458,710	225,770	232,950	80,715	39,345	41,370
English only	425,200	211,240	213,960	63,120	31,055	32,065
French only	350	170	175	230	105	125
English and French	31,725	13,740	17,990	17,300	8,150	9,150
Neither English nor French	1,440	615	825	65	35	30
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	458,715	225,765	232,950	80,715	39,345	41,370
English	446,845	220,270	226,575	69,800	33,970	35,830
French	9,775	4,600	5,180	10,685	5,255	5,425
English and French	710	315	395	175	85	90
Neither English nor French	1,380	580	800	50	30	25
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	10,130	4,755	5,375	10,770	5,305	5,470
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.2	2.1	2.3	13.3	13.5	13.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	458,715	225,765	232,950	80,715	39,345	41,370
Single responses	453,845	223,510	230,335	79,895	38,940	40,950
Official languages	417,305	205,920	211,385	78,595	38,355	40,240
English	406,805	200,975	205,825	67,750	33,030	34,720
French	10,500	4,940	5,560	10,840	5,320	5,525
Non-official languages	36,535	17,590	18,950	1,300	590	715
Aboriginal languages	290	135	150	20	5	15
Algonquian languages	255	125	130	5	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	5	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	235	110	120	0	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	230	105	120	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	10	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	0	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	36,255	17,455	18,795	1,285	585	695
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	470	405	70	40	35
Berber languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	860	465	395	70	40	35
Amharic	30	15	20	0	0	0
Arabic	445	260	195	70	35	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	40	50	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	100	60	45	0	0	0
Maltese	165	80	85	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	610	280	330	30	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	50	60	0	0	0
Vietnamese	495	220	270	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,325	425	900	45	5	40
Bikol	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	60	15	40	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	85	25	55	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	45	15	30	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,105	355	750	35	5	35
Waray-Waray	0	5	0	0	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	25	10	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	365	190	175	25	10	10
Kannada	5	0	5	5	5	5
Malayalam	105	55	50	15	10	10
Tamil	225	110	110	5	0	0
Telugu	35	20	10	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	27,885	13,700	14,180	870	415	450
Albanian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Armenian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	7,455	3,525	3,930	120	55	65
Baltic languages	425	205	220	5	5	5
Latvian	195	95	100	5	5	0
Lithuanian	235	110	125	0	0	5
Slavic languages	7,025	3,320	3,705	115	50	70
Belarusan	10	5	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	55	25	30	5	0	0
Bulgarian	70	35	40	5	5	5
Croatian	385	200	180	5	5	5
Czech	420	195	225	15	10	10
Macedonian	265	135	130	0	0	0
Polish	2,870	1,345	1,520	35	10	25
Russian	1,490	705	790	20	5	15
Serbian	220	105	115	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	205	100	105	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	185	90	100	0	0	0
Ukrainian	770	345	425	25	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	10	25	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	5	0	5
Welsh	15	5	10	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	7,970	3,750	4,220	575	275	305
Afrikaans	95	50	45	5	5	5
Danish	235	105	130	10	10	5
Dutch	2,230	1,120	1,110	130	55	70
Frisian	40	25	15	5	5	0
German	5,145	2,365	2,780	405	200	205
Icelandic	5	0	10	5	0	5
Norwegian	50	25	20	5	0	5
Swedish	105	35	65	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Yiddish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	660	350	315	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	2,725	1,450	1,275	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	2,140	1,150	995	45	20	20
Bengali	105	55	50	5	0	0
Gujarati	430	230	200	0	0	0
Hindi	290	160	130	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	20	15	5	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	610	345	265	15	5	5
Sindhi	20	15	10	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	25	5	0	5
Urdu	610	310	300	10	10	5
Iranian languages	565	290	275	5	5	0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Pashto	40	20	20	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	520	265	255	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,920	4,560	4,360	100	50	50
Catalan	5	5	0	5	0	0
Italian	3,845	2,135	1,710	25	15	10
Portuguese	2,135	1,070	1,065	15	5	10
Romanian	350	160	190	5	5	5
Spanish	2,575	1,180	1,395	60	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	155	45	110	30	10	25
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	660	305	355	35	20	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	175	100	80	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	45	15	20	0	0	0
Swahili	25	10	10	0	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	40	20	20	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	40	55	5	0	0
American Sign Language	55	15	35	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	25	20	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,310	1,075	1,235	90	40	45
Chinese languages	2,280	1,065	1,215	90	40	50
Cantonese	685	315	370	35	15	15
Hakka	20	5	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,385	650	730	30	10	20
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	35	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	115	50	65	25	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	65	20	5	15
Lao	45	25	20	0	0	0
Thai	60	15	45	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	125	65	55	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	105	60	50	10	0	10
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,510	685	825	40	10	25
Estonian	185	85	100	0	0	0
Finnish	410	165	245	10	5	10
Hungarian	910	430	480	20	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,875	2,255	2,615	820	405	415
English and French	1,475	620	855	680	335	345
English and non-official language	3,185	1,535	1,650	120	60	65
French and non-official language	100	50	45	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language	110	45	60	10	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	458,715	225,770	232,945	80,715	39,345	41,370
Single responses	450,735	221,965	228,770	79,995	39,015	40,980
Official languages	438,875	216,200	222,670	79,575	38,810	40,770
English	435,410	214,575	220,835	72,090	35,225	36,870
French	3,465	1,625	1,840	7,480	3,585	3,900
Non-official languages	11,860	5,765	6,095	420	200	215
Aboriginal languages	70	30	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	65	30	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	30	35	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	60	30	30	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,790	5,730	6,055	415	200	210
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	160	170	30	10	15
Berber languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	320	155	165	30	15	15
Amharic	15	5	10	0	0	0
Arabic	180	85	95	30	10	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50	25	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	55	30	25	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	350	165	190	25	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	300	140	155	25	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	380	170	215	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	335	150	185	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	205	105	100	5	5	5
Kannada	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	65	35	30	0	0	0
Tamil	130	65	65	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,080	3,950	4,130	250	125	120
Albanian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,650	1,310	1,340	15	5	10
Baltic languages	75	35	40	0	0	0
Latvian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,580	1,275	1,300	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	90	45	45	0	5	0
Czech	95	45	50	0	0	0
Macedonian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Polish	1,030	505	520	10	5	5
Russian	955	475	485	5	0	0
Serbian	70	40	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	145	65	75	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,095	505	595	170	80	90
Afrikaans	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	145	70	75	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	885	405	480	155	70	80
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	5	10	0	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	165	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,530	800	730	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	1,205	635	570	20	10	10
Bengali	45	20	25	0	5	0
Gujarati	325	170	155	0	0	0
Hindi	105	55	55	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335	185	145	5	5	5
Sindhi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Urdu	335	175	165	10	5	5
Iranian languages	315	160	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	290	145	145	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,585	1,230	1,350	35	25	10
Catalan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	780	370	415	0	0	0
Portuguese	585	285	295	0	0	0
Romanian	130	65	65	5	0	0
Spanish	1,080	505	580	30	25	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	60	30	30	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	465	215	240	15	10	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	15	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	110	60	50	20	10	10
American Sign Language	35	15	20	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	80	45	30	15	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,405	685	715	50	20	25
Chinese languages	1,390	680	710	45	25	25
Cantonese	385	185	205	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	925	455	475	15	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	25	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	10	0	10
Lao	15	10	5	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	5	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	255	110	145	5	0	0
Estonian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	50	20	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	195	85	105	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	7,980	3,800	4,175	720	330	390
English and French	845	380	465	465	220	245
English and non-official language	6,975	3,340	3,635	240	105	135
French and non-official language	35	15	15	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	130	65	65	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	458,715	225,765	232,945	80,715	39,345	41,370
None	431,925	213,450	218,480	73,520	35,905	37,610
English	6,950	3,345	3,605	3,460	1,660	1,805
French	6,535	2,860	3,670	3,140	1,515	1,635
Non-official language	12,945	5,955	6,995	550	240	305
Aboriginal	435	200	230	25	10	20
Non-Aboriginal	12,510	5,750	6,760	520	235	285
English and French	30	15	20	5	0	5
English and non-official language	120	60	60	5	5	0
French and non-official language	200	80	125	35	15	15
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	382,120	186,370	195,755	69,090	33,460	35,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	369,140	180,170	188,975	66,545	32,375	34,170
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,340	40,700	27,948	27,446	34,324	22,715
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	369,280	180,185	189,100	66,590	32,380	34,215
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,330	36,290	25,884	25,214	30,512	21,421
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	332,635	165,325	167,310	56,310	28,435	27,880
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,986	39,111	24,480	25,004	31,337	19,645
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	268,990	120,825	148,170	52,320	23,990	28,335
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,748	5,829	7,095	8,865	9,967	8,131
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	270,080	139,500	130,580	44,305	22,975	21,330
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,411	38,209	26,210	25,163	30,693	20,673
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	382,085	186,460	195,620	68,935	33,360	35,580
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	369,010	180,155	188,850	66,435	32,320	34,120
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,902	53,189	36,997	35,039	41,932	28,509
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	369,160	180,170	188,995	66,475	32,320	34,155
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,521	43,504	31,818	29,801	34,995	24,888
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	332,450	165,355	167,095	56,320	28,455	27,870
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,188	52,230	34,239	32,743	39,422	25,921
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	268,885	120,580	148,300	52,420	24,045	28,370
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,225	7,845	8,534	9,226	9,702	8,823
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	270,075	139,405	130,670	44,170	22,955	21,215
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,016	49,363	34,178	32,472	38,072	26,412
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	382,085	186,460	195,620	68,940	33,355	35,580
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	130,165	73,850	56,315	18,640	10,145	8,490
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,191	57,342	44,575	40,025	44,287	36,419
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,644	67,733	51,347	46,113	50,346	41,054
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.6	90.0	81.9	79.3	82.8	74.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.0	72.5	64.2	61.9	64.9	57.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.4	10.0	18.1	20.7	17.2	25.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	382,120	186,365	195,755	69,090	33,460	35,630
Without total income	12,980	6,200	6,780	2,540	1,080	1,455
With total income	369,145	180,170	188,980	66,545	32,380	34,175
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.7	96.5	96.3	96.8	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	49,570	21,230	28,345	9,490	3,660	5,835
$10,000 to $19,999	64,815	25,430	39,380	14,720	5,555	9,170
$20,000 to $29,999	54,940	22,720	32,220	11,660	4,980	6,680
$30,000 to $39,999	43,695	19,360	24,335	9,305	4,605	4,700
$40,000 to $49,999	37,685	18,390	19,295	6,655	3,660	3,000
$50,000 to $59,999	29,325	16,030	13,300	4,455	2,775	1,675
$60,000 to $69,999	22,685	13,480	9,205	3,380	2,330	1,050
$70,000 to $79,999	16,820	10,525	6,295	2,355	1,590	765
$80,000 to $89,999	12,820	8,145	4,670	1,555	940	620
$90,000 to $99,999	10,770	6,365	4,410	895	625	270
$100,000 and over	26,015	18,490	7,525	2,075	1,660	415
$100,000 to $149,999	18,325	12,695	5,630	1,560	1,245	315
$150,000 and over	7,690	5,805	1,890	510	410	100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	382,120	186,365	195,750	69,090	33,460	35,630
Without after-tax income	12,840	6,185	6,655	2,500	1,080	1,415
With after-tax income	369,285	180,185	189,100	66,590	32,380	34,210
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.7	96.6	96.4	96.8	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	51,565	21,690	29,875	9,925	3,755	6,165
$10,000 to $19,999	68,060	26,870	41,195	15,580	5,935	9,650
$20,000 to $29,999	63,210	26,585	36,630	13,890	6,200	7,700
$30,000 to $39,999	51,610	23,910	27,700	10,630	5,545	5,080
$40,000 to $49,999	42,230	22,215	20,020	6,655	4,075	2,580
$50,000 to $59,999	30,005	17,855	12,150	4,350	2,935	1,410
$60,000 to $69,999	21,140	13,300	7,840	2,545	1,630	920
$70,000 to $79,999	15,055	9,275	5,775	1,245	905	345
$80,000 and over	26,405	18,485	7,910	1,765	1,405	365
$80,000 to $89,999	9,765	6,305	3,460	670	515	160
$90,000 to $99,999	5,105	3,615	1,500	380	315	60
$100,000 and over	11,530	8,570	2,955	715	570	150
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	382,120	186,370	195,755	69,090	33,460	35,630
Without employment income	112,040	46,865	65,175	24,785	10,485	14,300
With employment income	270,080	139,500	130,580	44,305	22,975	21,330
Percentage with employment income	70.7	74.9	66.7	64.1	68.7	59.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40,495	20,020	20,480	6,825	3,175	3,655
$5,000 to $9,999	22,740	9,810	12,925	4,335	1,810	2,525
$10,000 to $19,999	36,910	15,950	20,955	7,500	3,275	4,220
$20,000 to $29,999	30,620	13,645	16,980	6,505	3,045	3,455
$30,000 to $39,999	28,110	12,540	15,570	5,505	2,785	2,720
$40,000 to $49,999	24,895	12,490	12,405	3,845	2,180	1,670
$50,000 to $59,999	20,215	11,385	8,830	2,840	1,875	970
$60,000 to $69,999	15,435	9,520	5,910	2,205	1,555	645
$70,000 to $79,999	12,265	7,840	4,420	1,685	1,070	610
$80,000 and over	38,405	26,305	12,100	3,070	2,210	860
$80,000 to $89,999	9,815	6,370	3,450	1,135	655	480
$90,000 to $99,999	9,350	5,340	4,010	605	445	160
$100,000 and over	19,240	14,600	4,645	1,330	1,110	220
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	182,635	...	...	36,405	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	73,001	...	...	52,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,403	...	...	47,036	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	43,485	...	...	10,650	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,530	...	...	25,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,115	...	...	24,261	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	139,155	...	...	25,755	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,944	...	...	65,743	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	58,031	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	182,615	...	...	36,375	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,733	...	...	63,990	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,851	...	...	54,458	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	43,505	...	...	10,735	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,914	...	...	34,231	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,857	...	...	29,321	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	139,105	...	...	25,640	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,125	...	...	76,453	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,108	...	...	64,986	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	182,635	...	...	36,405	...	...
Under $5,000	2,000	...	...	425	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,825	...	...	725	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,125	...	...	1,180	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,805	...	...	2,390	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,545	...	...	2,070	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,510	...	...	2,205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,490	...	...	2,560	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,010	...	...	2,085	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,805	...	...	1,975	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,500	...	...	1,810	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	14,785	...	...	3,320	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	13,875	...	...	2,940	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	13,070	...	...	2,470	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,820	...	...	2,175	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10,790	...	...	1,690	...	...
$100,000 and over	59,695	...	...	6,395	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20,920	...	...	2,880	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,960	...	...	1,655	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	14,450	...	...	1,255	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,355	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	182,635	...	...	36,405	...	...
Under $5,000	2,205	...	...	455	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,890	...	...	735	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,225	...	...	1,205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,110	...	...	2,500	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,350	...	...	2,375	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,250	...	...	2,545	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,640	...	...	2,875	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,415	...	...	2,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,190	...	...	2,300	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	9,180	...	...	2,085	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	17,645	...	...	4,070	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,290	...	...	3,200	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15,090	...	...	2,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	12,960	...	...	1,955	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10,965	...	...	1,440	...	...
$100,000 and over	43,240	...	...	3,645	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	19,180	...	...	2,100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10,840	...	...	875	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,220	...	...	670	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	134,605	...	...	25,005	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,426	...	...	65,452	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,707	...	...	57,796	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	55,580	...	...	12,820	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,207	...	...	59,914	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,001	...	...	53,655	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	54,845	...	...	8,120	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,138	...	...	90,112	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,296	...	...	77,260	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20,440	...	...	3,480	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,725	...	...	39,480	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,789	...	...	37,382	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	134,670	...	...	24,925	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,882	...	...	76,209	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,755	...	...	64,748	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	55,415	...	...	12,780	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	96,916	...	...	69,599	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,111	...	...	59,266	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	55,035	...	...	8,110	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,765	...	...	98,939	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,454	...	...	82,719	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,480	...	...	3,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,445	...	...	46,207	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,282	...	...	41,614	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	60,030	28,980	31,050	12,950	6,095	6,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,800	34,540	29,797	25,206	28,819	23,317
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,084	31,038	27,588	23,752	25,769	22,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	59,820	28,765	31,060	12,900	5,990	6,915
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,119	45,239	41,156	33,183	36,527	30,285
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,245	37,466	35,115	28,451	30,559	26,625
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	454,515	223,545	230,975	80,260	39,165	41,090
In the bottom half of the distribution	221,895	105,900	115,995	53,375	25,390	27,990
In the bottom decile	38,130	18,460	19,675	9,640	4,410	5,235
In the second decile	43,340	19,530	23,815	13,675	6,230	7,450
In the third decile	45,815	21,745	24,075	10,655	5,125	5,520
In the fourth decile	46,710	22,540	24,175	10,130	4,980	5,155
In the fifth decile	47,885	23,625	24,260	9,275	4,645	4,625
In the top half of the distribution	232,620	117,640	114,985	26,880	13,780	13,105
In the sixth decile	48,300	23,980	24,320	8,310	4,195	4,115
In the seventh decile	49,325	24,890	24,435	7,070	3,620	3,450
In the eighth decile	49,095	24,925	24,175	5,250	2,710	2,540
In the ninth decile	47,550	24,125	23,425	3,895	2,010	1,890
In the top decile	38,350	19,720	18,630	2,355	1,245	1,110
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	452,780	222,670	230,115	79,945	39,010	40,940
0 to 17 years	87,955	45,150	42,805	13,875	7,085	6,790
0 to 5 years	26,560	13,685	12,870	4,100	2,090	2,010
18 to 64 years	279,830	137,310	142,515	47,525	23,210	24,320
65 years and over	85,000	40,210	44,790	18,550	8,715	9,830
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	55,170	25,550	29,620	17,020	7,675	9,340
0 to 17 years	14,000	7,265	6,735	3,785	1,925	1,865
0 to 5 years	4,620	2,415	2,205	1,250	655	600
18 to 64 years	32,675	15,065	17,610	8,750	3,925	4,830
65 years and over	8,490	3,220	5,275	4,485	1,835	2,655
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.2	11.5	12.9	21.3	19.7	22.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.9	16.1	15.7	27.3	27.2	27.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	17.6	17.1	30.5	31.3	29.9
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.0	12.4	18.4	16.9	19.9
65 years and over (%)	10.0	8.0	11.8	24.2	21.1	27.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	25,290	12,525	12,765	5,035	2,390	2,650
0 to 17 years	5,595	2,870	2,720	1,165	590	575
0 to 5 years	1,795	930	865	420	215	205
18 to 64 years	18,365	9,060	9,295	3,580	1,675	1,905
65 years and over	1,335	585	745	290	125	170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	5.6	5.5	6.3	6.1	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	8.4	8.3	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8	6.8	6.7	10.2	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.5	7.5	7.2	7.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	454,580	223,615	230,965	79,990	39,065	40,925
Official languages	453,185	223,000	230,190	79,960	39,045	40,910
English	452,810	222,850	229,955	79,710	38,920	40,790
French	31,620	13,230	18,385	17,530	8,205	9,325
Non-official languages	48,085	23,040	25,045	2,125	1,000	1,125
Aboriginal languages	955	425	535	35	25	15
Algonquian languages	870	400	470	25	15	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	15	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	30	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	835	385	450	0	0	0
Algonquin	15	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	820	380	440	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	25	10	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	40	10	30	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	47,130	22,615	24,520	2,090	975	1,115
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,405	745	660	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,390	735	650	35	15	20
Amharic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Arabic	710	395	315	30	10	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	120	55	65	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	330	180	155	0	0	0
Maltese	215	105	105	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	730	350	385	30	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	165	60	105	0	0	0
Vietnamese	585	290	295	35	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,840	630	1,215	75	15	60
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	80	20	65	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	80	20	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	105	50	50	15	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,695	565	1,125	65	15	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	215	110	105	35	30	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	10	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	105	50	55	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	95	55	45	25	25	0
Dravidian languages	520	255	260	10	0	10
Kannada	10	0	15	0	0	0
Malayalam	225	115	105	15	0	10
Tamil	270	115	155	0	0	0
Telugu	60	40	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	36,090	17,575	18,510	1,540	770	765
Albanian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Armenian	100	55	45	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	8,755	4,130	4,630	120	55	65
Baltic languages	570	275	295	0	10	0
Latvian	280	145	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	290	130	155	0	0	0
Slavic languages	8,275	3,910	4,370	115	50	60
Belarusan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	175	90	85	10	0	10
Bulgarian	90	40	55	0	0	0
Croatian	645	330	310	0	0	0
Czech	515	235	280	20	10	15
Macedonian	330	170	160	0	10	0
Polish	3,460	1,585	1,870	50	15	35
Russian	2,015	945	1,070	20	10	10
Serbian	320	175	145	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	35	50	0	0	0
Slovak	250	105	145	0	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	260	135	120	0	0	0
Ukrainian	995	485	515	10	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	120	60	55	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	55	25	30	10	10	10
Welsh	25	0	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	35	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	9,925	4,695	5,235	810	410	405
Afrikaans	195	90	110	0	0	0
Danish	290	140	150	25	15	10
Dutch	2,655	1,240	1,415	170	70	100
Frisian	70	35	35	10	0	10
German	6,685	3,220	3,460	575	310	265
Icelandic	10	0	10	20	10	10
Norwegian	110	60	50	0	0	10
Swedish	215	75	145	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Yiddish	35	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	0	10
Greek	750	395	360	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	3,350	1,790	1,560	105	50	50
Indo-Aryan languages	2,790	1,515	1,275	80	35	45
Bengali	125	75	50	0	0	0
Gujarati	535	295	240	0	0	0
Hindi	1,040	560	475	30	10	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	20	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	25	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	925	530	395	40	20	15
Sindhi	60	25	35	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	155	80	80	0	0	0
Urdu	825	435	390	35	20	15
Iranian languages	565	280	285	30	20	15
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	50	25	20	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	500	250	260	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	13,960	6,870	7,090	510	260	260
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5,540	2,965	2,575	95	40	50
Portuguese	2,945	1,500	1,440	35	15	20
Romanian	420	185	240	10	0	10
Spanish	5,585	2,465	3,125	390	200	190
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	10	0	0
Japanese	335	165	170	50	10	40
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	820	350	470	35	20	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	520	280	240	25	10	10
Akan (Twi)	80	50	35	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	40	30	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	130	60	70	0	0	0
Swahili	160	90	70	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	25	30	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	835	275	560	120	40	80
American Sign Language	400	115	285	55	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	435	160	270	60	20	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,810	1,385	1,430	105	35	70
Chinese languages	2,775	1,370	1,405	105	35	70
Cantonese	1,005	500	505	50	15	35
Hakka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,805	895	910	45	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	45	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	65	70	15	0	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Burmese	30	10	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	65	70	20	0	15
Lao	75	45	30	0	0	0
Thai	60	30	35	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	205	110	100	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	185	100	90	0	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,840	905	930	45	10	35
Estonian	235	110	125	0	0	0
Finnish	425	145	280	15	0	15
Hungarian	1,175	650	525	35	15	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	454,580	223,615	230,965	79,990	39,065	40,925
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	443,595	218,410	225,185	78,620	38,460	40,160
Canadian citizens aged under 18	87,765	45,195	42,570	13,720	7,105	6,620
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	355,835	173,220	182,615	64,900	31,360	33,540
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	10,985	5,205	5,780	1,370	605	770
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	454,580	223,615	230,965	79,990	39,065	40,930
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	402,360	198,655	203,710	76,420	37,415	39,000
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	50,770	24,195	26,575	3,375	1,535	1,845
Before 1981	28,160	13,585	14,575	1,615	735	875
1981 to 1990	5,965	2,890	3,075	405	155	250
1991 to 2000	6,455	3,075	3,375	325	145	180
2001 to 2010	7,125	3,305	3,820	685	335	350
2001 to 2005	3,820	1,760	2,060	285	150	140
2006 to 2010	3,305	1,540	1,765	400	190	210
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,065	1,335	1,730	345	160	185
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,445	765	680	195	115	80
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	50,770	24,195	26,575	3,380	1,535	1,845
Under 5 years	7,175	3,540	3,640	395	185	210
5 to 14 years	11,495	5,835	5,660	655	325	335
15 to 24 years	12,900	5,930	6,970	640	225	415
25 to 44 years	16,760	7,815	8,945	1,160	515	645
45 years and over	2,445	1,075	1,365	525	280	245
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	50,770	24,190	26,575	3,380	1,535	1,845
Americas	7,610	3,410	4,200	1,070	430	640
Brazil	270	120	155	10	0	10
Colombia	285	110	175	0	0	0
El Salvador	245	105	135	0	0	0
Guyana	545	230	315	10	0	0
Haiti	55	25	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	980	440	540	30	20	10
Mexico	205	90	120	20	10	10
Peru	130	65	65	10	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	515	270	245	25	15	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	2,690	1,110	1,585	925	360	565
Other places of birth in Americas	1,685	840	845	40	15	20
Europe	32,620	15,835	16,785	1,905	940	965
Bosnia and Herzegovina	180	95	85	0	0	0
Croatia	395	185	205	10	0	0
France	270	140	125	45	25	25
Germany	3,535	1,760	1,770	350	165	180
Greece	355	200	150	10	10	10
Hungary	630	340	290	15	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	555	290	270	35	20	10
Italy	2,575	1,460	1,115	20	15	0
Netherlands	2,295	1,145	1,145	140	60	75
Poland	2,175	985	1,190	25	15	15
Portugal	1,520	745	780	0	10	0
Romania	445	185	260	10	10	10
Russian Federation	655	315	345	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	235	125	110	0	0	0
Ukraine	620	295	330	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,880	6,025	6,860	1,065	520	555
Other places of birth in Europe	3,300	1,545	1,755	160	95	70
Africa	1,600	820	785	65	25	40
Algeria	30	20	10	0	0	0
Egypt	190	105	90	15	10	10
Ethiopia	25	0	15	0	0	0
Kenya	145	80	65	0	0	0
Morocco	55	35	15	10	0	0
Nigeria	110	60	50	15	10	10
Somalia	30	25	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	380	175	200	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	655	320	335	25	10	15
Asia	8,590	3,950	4,640	280	95	185
Afghanistan	85	40	50	0	0	0
Bangladesh	100	50	50	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,475	655	820	65	10	55
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	205	120	85	0	0	0
India	1,220	630	590	35	20	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	360	195	165	10	10	0
Iraq	180	85	95	0	0	0
Japan	95	30	60	15	0	20
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	585	265	320	10	0	10
Lebanon	140	80	60	0	0	0
Pakistan	580	295	285	25	15	10
Philippines	1,530	520	1,005	45	10	40
Sri Lanka	300	145	155	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	60	35	30	0	0	0
Taiwan	125	55	70	0	0	0
Viet Nam	455	225	225	35	15	20
Other places of birth in Asia	1,100	520	575	35	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	350	180	170	60	45	15
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,065	1,330	1,730	345	165	185
Americas	565	240	320	65	35	30
Brazil	20	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	45	20	20	0	0	0
Cuba	35	10	25	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	45	25	20	0	10	0
Mexico	50	25	25	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	235	90	140	40	20	20
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	115	50	70	0	0	0
Europe	860	410	450	165	90	75
France	10	0	0	0	0	10
Germany	25	10	15	15	15	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	10	0	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	65	30	30	0	0	0
Ukraine	80	35	45	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	335	165	170	115	65	55
Other places of birth in Europe	315	155	165	20	15	10
Africa	150	55	90	20	10	10
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	10	30	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	25	40	0	0	0
Asia	1,450	600	855	75	15	65
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	35	20	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	285	100	185	15	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	300	155	145	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	60	30	30	0	0	0
Iraq	15	0	15	0	0	0
Israel	15	10	10	0	0	0
Japan	30	10	20	10	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	25	30	10	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	60	25	35	10	10	0
Philippines	390	155	230	25	10	20
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	10	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	10	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	70	25	50	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	45	30	15	20	15	10
Australia	30	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	10	10	15	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	454,580	223,615	230,965	79,990	39,065	40,925
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	54,175	25,990	28,180	3,930	1,825	2,105
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	80,420	39,695	40,725	5,140	2,600	2,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	319,990	157,930	162,060	70,925	34,640	36,285
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	23,435	11,005	12,425	1,790	815	975
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	10,760	5,345	5,415	985	495	495
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,245	2,815	1,435	425	260	160
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,510	2,530	3,980	565	230	335
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	9,070	3,735	5,335	750	290	460
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,355	1,785	1,570	45	30	20
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	250	140	105	0	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	454,580	223,615	230,970	79,990	39,065	40,930
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	22,585	11,030	11,550	8,425	4,370	4,055
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	21,830	10,685	11,150	8,205	4,275	3,930
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	10,515	5,035	5,480	1,515	795	720
Métis	11,190	5,580	5,610	6,610	3,420	3,185
Inuk (Inuit)	125	65	60	75	55	25
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	405	195	210	150	75	80
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	345	155	190	70	20	50
Non-Aboriginal identity	432,000	212,580	219,420	71,565	34,695	36,865
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	454,580	223,615	230,965	79,990	39,065	40,930
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	7,525	3,605	3,925	1,220	625	595
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	447,055	220,010	227,045	78,765	38,440	40,325
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	454,580	223,615	230,970	79,990	39,065	40,930
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	4,510	2,245	2,265	1,410	725	680
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	4,425	2,200	2,230	1,340	695	645
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,985	1,455	1,535	525	265	260
Métis single ancestry	1,390	710	675	795	415	375
Inuit single ancestry	55	35	20	25	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	80	40	40	70	30	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	85	45	40	55	25	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	25,595	12,200	13,395	9,860	4,920	4,945
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	24,880	11,880	13,000	9,320	4,690	4,635
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	14,490	6,870	7,615	3,335	1,640	1,700
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,205	4,935	5,275	5,900	3,005	2,895
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	185	70	110	85	45	40
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	715	325	390	540	235	310
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	670	295	370	470	205	260
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	10	15	0	15
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	15	40	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	424,475	209,175	215,305	68,720	33,420	35,300
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	454,580	223,615	230,965	79,990	39,065	40,930
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	25,025	12,180	12,845	1,980	940	1,040
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	4,800	2,570	2,230	170	90	80
Chinese	3,395	1,610	1,780	165	65	100
Black	6,015	3,070	2,945	1,175	555	615
Filipino	2,490	910	1,580	45	10	40
Latin American	2,645	1,280	1,365	65	30	25
Arab	665	350	320	25	15	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,135	560	575	105	50	50
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	560	250	310	10	10	10
Korean	900	400	500	25	15	10
Japanese	505	250	260	60	15	45
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	925	430	495	45	25	20
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	985	495	490	95	55	45
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	429,560	211,435	218,125	78,010	38,125	39,885
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	454,580	223,615	230,970	79,990	39,065	40,925
North American Aboriginal origins	30,105	14,445	15,660	11,275	5,645	5,630
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,255	8,690	9,565	4,420	2,140	2,280
Inuit	295	135	160	200	95	105
Métis	12,360	5,990	6,370	7,285	3,680	3,605
Other North American origins	164,315	80,975	83,345	44,770	21,965	22,805
Acadian	600	290	310	5,845	2,815	3,025
American	5,305	2,675	2,625	630	330	295
Canadian	160,210	79,045	81,165	40,365	19,855	20,510
New Brunswicker	10	10	10	0	10	0
Newfoundlander	715	315	400	40	15	20
Nova Scotian	50	15	40	60	30	35
Ontarian	75	25	50	15	10	10
Québécois	160	85	75	30	20	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	10	0	0
European origins	354,375	173,325	181,050	51,490	24,820	26,670
British Isles origins	265,890	129,015	136,880	38,090	18,015	20,080
Channel Islander	30	20	15	10	0	10
Cornish	40	15	20	10	0	10
English	163,705	78,885	84,820	23,640	11,165	12,470
Irish	110,500	52,090	58,405	12,755	5,705	7,050
Manx	170	60	105	20	0	20
Scottish	117,215	56,470	60,745	14,885	6,830	8,055
Welsh	10,235	4,680	5,550	1,340	660	680
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	15,455	7,395	8,060	1,290	635	660
French origins	59,365	27,770	31,595	18,245	8,770	9,470
Alsatian	50	15	35	0	10	0
Breton	0	0	10	10	0	0
Corsican	15	15	0	10	0	0
French	59,305	27,750	31,555	18,235	8,765	9,475
Western European origins (except French origins)	77,650	38,085	39,570	10,910	5,110	5,800
Austrian	3,250	1,710	1,540	190	95	100
Bavarian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,515	665	855	145	85	60
Dutch	24,770	12,240	12,530	3,485	1,595	1,890
Flemish	90	50	40	10	0	0
Frisian	85	40	50	0	0	0
German	51,285	24,905	26,375	8,070	3,765	4,310
Luxembourger	35	30	10	0	0	0
Swiss	2,365	1,165	1,200	195	90	105
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	30	10	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	12,330	5,820	6,510	965	445	515
Danish	2,895	1,350	1,545	205	100	105
Finnish	3,350	1,660	1,685	100	35	65
Icelandic	635	290	345	45	15	30
Norwegian	2,845	1,285	1,560	355	165	185
Swedish	2,920	1,360	1,565	205	95	110
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	585	275	305	95	55	45
Eastern European origins	41,885	20,185	21,695	1,520	700	820
Bulgarian	315	155	160	15	10	10
Byelorussian	170	75	95	0	0	0
Czech	1,505	770	740	75	35	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	510	230	280	30	15	15
Estonian	710	325	385	25	20	10
Hungarian	5,130	2,585	2,540	195	90	110
Latvian	905	425	480	15	0	10
Lithuanian	1,210	630	575	45	20	25
Moldovan	70	35	40	0	0	0
Polish	16,205	7,720	8,490	580	255	320
Romanian	1,640	740	900	65	25	40
Russian	4,590	2,170	2,415	235	105	130
Slovak	1,015	550	460	35	10	30
Ukrainian	13,955	6,625	7,325	385	195	195
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	155	70	85	20	15	0
Southern European origins	43,365	22,280	21,085	1,340	635	705
Albanian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Bosnian	165	85	80	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,585	800	785	25	10	20
Cypriot	45	40	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,840	1,460	1,375	55	30	30
Italian	26,360	13,895	12,465	785	370	410
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	875	450	420	25	10	20
Maltese	1,450	735	715	20	20	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	6,535	3,300	3,235	150	65	80
Serbian	575	300	275	10	10	10
Sicilian	155	75	80	0	0	0
Slovenian	865	440	425	0	0	0
Spanish	3,785	1,755	2,030	225	100	125
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	790	295	500	25	20	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	50	20	30	20	0	15
Other European origins	1,975	940	1,040	380	185	195
Basque	65	25	40	0	0	0
Jewish	1,010	500	515	110	55	50
Roma (Gypsy)	45	20	25	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	40	15	20	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	820	385	435	270	120	145
Caribbean origins	6,400	3,220	3,175	240	130	105
Antiguan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bahamian	115	65	50	0	0	0
Barbadian	500	270	235	45	25	20
Bermudan	85	25	60	0	0	0
Carib	45	20	25	0	0	0
Cuban	190	90	100	0	0	0
Dominican	120	90	25	0	0	0
Grenadian	100	30	65	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	155	75	80	10	10	0
Jamaican	3,615	1,845	1,765	115	70	45
Kittitian/Nevisian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	0	30	0	0	0
St. Lucian	75	50	25	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	800	370	430	50	15	35
Vincentian/Grenadinian	110	60	55	10	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	645	310	330	30	25	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	140	80	60	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	4,730	2,280	2,455	165	80	85
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	190	95	95	30	10	15
Arawak	30	20	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	360	180	180	0	0	0
Belizean	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	360	185	180	0	0	0
Chilean	265	120	145	10	0	0
Colombian	455	195	255	40	15	25
Costa Rican	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	445	220	225	0	0	0
Guatemalan	200	105	95	0	0	0
Guyanese	930	435	490	20	15	10
Hispanic	65	45	25	0	0	0
Honduran	40	20	15	10	0	10
Maya	60	30	30	10	0	10
Mexican	560	250	305	70	35	40
Nicaraguan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	65	45	20	15	10	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	310	170	140	0	0	0
Salvadorean	330	150	185	0	0	0
Uruguayan	140	70	65	0	0	0
Venezuelan	70	30	35	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	95	50	45	0	0	0
African origins	3,430	1,705	1,725	860	400	460
Central and West African origins	445	265	175	20	10	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	25	0	15	10	0	10
Chadian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	140	80	55	0	0	0
Guinean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	160	100	60	15	10	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	545	300	240	70	40	30
Algerian	90	55	30	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	325	170	155	50	30	15
Libyan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	90	65	30	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	15	10	10	0	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	20	0	15	15	0	10
Southern and East African origins	985	455	535	25	10	15
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	115	75	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	35	10	25	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	70	40	30	0	0	0
South African	535	230	305	20	10	10
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	165	70	95	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	60	25	35	0	0	10
Other African origins	1,465	685	780	750	335	415
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	245	125	120	210	85	125
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	1,225	565	660	550	250	300
Asian origins	18,095	8,700	9,395	970	450	520
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,400	1,635	1,765	315	155	155
Afghan	175	60	110	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	200	120	85	10	0	10
Armenian	325	180	145	0	0	0
Assyrian	100	55	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	605	295	310	0	10	0
Iraqi	185	80	105	0	0	0
Israeli	210	95	115	15	0	0
Jordanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	65	20	45	0	0	0
Kurd	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	870	375	495	210	110	100
Palestinian	140	85	55	10	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	25	15	15
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	210	95	120	40	15	30
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	50	35	15	0	0	0
Turk	320	180	140	10	0	10
Turkmen	20	10	15	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	135	65	70	0	0	0
South Asian origins	5,270	2,800	2,470	205	110	90
Bangladeshi	50	30	20	0	0	0
Bengali	80	40	40	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	3,755	1,990	1,770	155	80	75
Goan	75	50	25	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	45	25	15	0	0	0
Pakistani	645	340	300	20	15	10
Punjabi	190	115	75	20	15	10
Sinhalese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	315	140	180	0	0	0
Tamil	60	30	25	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	170	100	75	20	15	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,590	4,345	5,245	460	185	275
Burmese	95	45	55	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	230	100	125	0	0	0
Chinese	4,315	2,050	2,260	200	80	120
Filipino	2,740	1,070	1,675	85	25	60
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	165	75	90	10	0	10
Japanese	685	320	370	60	15	35
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	940	425	510	30	20	15
Laotian	125	75	50	0	0	0
Malaysian	70	35	40	0	0	0
Mongolian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	70	30	35	0	0	0
Thai	70	40	35	30	10	15
Tibetan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	780	405	375	65	40	20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	45	10	35	10	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	45	10	35	10	0	10
Oceania origins	835	460	375	55	50	10
Australian	480	265	215	55	45	0
New Zealander	245	140	105	10	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	115	55	65	0	0	0
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hawaiian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Maori	25	10	15	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	182,615	...	...	36,375	...	...
Owner	143,275	...	...	27,815	...	...
Renter	39,170	...	...	8,440	...	...
Band housing	170	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	182,615	...	...	36,375	...	...
Condominium	12,515	...	...	440	...	...
Not condominium	170,105	...	...	35,940	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	182,610	...	...	36,380	...	...
No bedrooms	375	...	...	55	...	...
1 bedroom	12,735	...	...	3,175	...	...
2 bedrooms	37,710	...	...	9,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	75,655	...	...	14,545	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	56,145	...	...	9,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	182,615	...	...	36,380	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	29,515	...	...	5,725	...	...
5 rooms	26,665	...	...	5,575	...	...
6 rooms	30,710	...	...	6,400	...	...
7 rooms	28,455	...	...	5,750	...	...
8 or more rooms	67,270	...	...	12,925	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	182,615	...	...	36,380	...	...
One person or fewer per room	181,720	...	...	36,265	...	...
More than 1 person per room	895	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	182,615	...	...	36,380	...	...
Suitable	177,285	...	...	35,665	...	...
Not suitable	5,330	...	...	710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	182,615	...	...	36,380	...	...
1960 or before	35,210	...	...	14,010	...	...
1961 to 1980	44,330	...	...	9,610	...	...
1981 to 1990	27,200	...	...	5,435	...	...
1991 to 2000	30,525	...	...	3,720	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,505	...	...	1,275	...	...
2006 to 2010	15,420	...	...	1,330	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	10,430	...	...	1,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	182,615	...	...	36,380	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	171,215	...	...	32,200	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,400	...	...	4,175	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	182,615	...	...	36,380	...	...
1 household maintainer	101,985	...	...	23,170	...	...
2 household maintainers	76,745	...	...	12,815	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,885	...	...	385	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	182,615	...	...	36,375	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,240	...	...	930	...	...
25 to 34 years	20,610	...	...	3,430	...	...
35 to 44 years	28,010	...	...	4,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	38,065	...	...	6,960	...	...
55 to 64 years	39,545	...	...	8,030	...	...
65 to 74 years	30,520	...	...	6,955	...	...
75 to 84 years	16,830	...	...	3,885	...	...
85 years and over	5,790	...	...	1,375	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	180,365	...	...	35,900	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	133,500	...	...	29,430	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	46,865	...	...	6,470	...	...
30% to less than 100%	41,595	...	...	5,845	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	141,570	...	...	27,495	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.5	...	...	48.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.5	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,262	...	...	603	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,338	...	...	757	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	348,910	...	...	149,623	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,747	...	...	168,938	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,025	...	...	8,430	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	49.5	...	...	37.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,056	...	...	675	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,106	...	...	702	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	382,085	186,465	195,620	68,940	33,360	35,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	71,815	37,950	33,865	18,755	10,100	8,650
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	117,035	57,425	59,610	16,230	7,830	8,400
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	193,230	91,085	102,145	33,955	15,430	18,525
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30,895	22,895	8,000	7,575	5,100	2,470
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	14,315	9,115	5,195	4,620	2,705	1,915
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	16,585	13,780	2,800	2,950	2,395	560
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	95,275	39,415	55,860	16,545	6,245	10,300
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,555	2,950	3,605	1,565	545	1,015
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	60,505	25,820	34,685	8,280	3,540	4,745
Bachelor's degree	43,830	17,885	25,940	5,710	2,385	3,325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,710	1,990	2,715	525	220	305
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,835	1,185	650	265	150	115
Master's degree	9,095	4,145	4,950	1,545	635	905
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,035	605	425	235	145	90
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	242,835	117,820	125,015	42,225	20,365	21,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,440	16,415	12,025	8,020	4,830	3,185
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	71,980	36,440	35,540	9,840	4,860	4,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	142,415	64,970	77,450	24,370	10,670	13,695
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,685	15,305	5,385	5,085	3,455	1,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	9,685	6,200	3,485	3,070	1,825	1,240
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	11,005	9,110	1,895	2,020	1,630	385
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	72,700	30,070	42,630	12,415	4,655	7,760
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,075	1,895	2,175	865	255	610
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	44,960	17,700	27,260	6,005	2,305	3,695
Bachelor's degree	32,880	12,665	20,220	4,275	1,665	2,610
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,380	1,235	2,140	290	65	225
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,350	770	580	205	95	105
Master's degree	6,645	2,650	3,990	1,125	415	710
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	705	375	330	110	65	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	382,085	186,460	195,620	68,940	33,360	35,580
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	188,855	95,375	93,475	34,980	17,930	17,050
Education	12,675	3,260	9,420	2,660	775	1,885
13. Education	12,680	3,260	9,420	2,660	775	1,880
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,285	3,000	4,280	595	295	300
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,270	960	315	100	70	25
50. Visual and performing arts	6,010	2,045	3,970	495	225	275
Humanities	8,510	3,290	5,215	1,295	555	740
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	535	95	440	105	10	95
23. English language and literature/letters	2,235	640	1,590	225	35	185
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,100	785	1,315	285	115	170
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	40	0	30	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	620	315	300	125	65	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,000	595	400	300	190	105
54. History	1,600	810	795	175	95	80
55. French language and literature/letters	385	40	345	70	30	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,025	6,565	16,460	2,145	615	1,530
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	265	70	195	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,860	690	1,165	180	55	120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,480	390	5,095	740	45	690
22. Legal professions and studies	3,765	965	2,805	220	90	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	70	400	35	0	35
42. Psychology	4,020	990	3,030	360	125	235
45. Social sciences	7,175	3,395	3,780	600	285	315
Business, management and public administration	35,405	12,775	22,625	7,600	1,535	6,065
30.16 Accounting and computer science	90	10	80	10	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,590	585	3,005	585	115	470
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	31,720	12,175	19,540	7,000	1,415	5,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,735	2,395	2,335	705	385	315
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,065	930	1,135	350	180	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,180	575	605	150	80	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	75	10	70	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	1,075	775	300	145	100	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	335	105	225	55	20	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,725	2,835	1,895	965	535	435
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,620	2,365	1,255	795	480	315
25. Library science	360	35	320	95	10	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	650	360	290	60	45	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	95	75	25	15	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	41,180	38,830	2,345	7,765	7,385	375
04. Architecture and related services	1,250	865	385	50	25	30
14. Engineering	4,440	3,920	515	505	460	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,160	8,385	770	1,285	1,130	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	9,785	9,605	180	2,210	2,165	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,555	10,315	245	2,850	2,755	95
48. Precision production	5,990	5,740	245	860	845	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,195	2,785	1,415	715	465	250
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,220	1,420	795	440	250	190
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,980	1,360	620	275	215	60
Health and related fields	34,945	6,240	28,700	6,005	855	5,150
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,440	1,620	1,820	220	115	105
51. Health professions and related programs	31,100	4,350	26,755	5,725	705	5,020
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	400	270	130	65	35	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	16,490	9,100	7,390	3,510	2,030	1,485
12. Personal and culinary services	7,365	1,870	5,490	1,730	430	1,300
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	30	10	30	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	140	30	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	5,935	4,300	1,635	450	350	100
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,980	2,755	220	1,195	1,115	85
Other	65	0	60	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	65	10	60	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	242,835	117,820	125,015	42,230	20,365	21,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	100,420	52,855	47,570	17,860	9,695	8,160
Education	8,470	2,015	6,460	1,670	410	1,265
13. Education	8,475	2,010	6,460	1,670	405	1,265
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,315	2,100	3,220	365	165	200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	850	640	215	55	40	10
50. Visual and performing arts	4,470	1,460	3,005	310	130	190
Humanities	5,670	2,130	3,550	845	360	480
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	360	45	315	55	10	50
23. English language and literature/letters	1,560	400	1,165	135	20	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,390	560	830	180	55	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	380	215	170	95	50	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	605	340	265	185	120	65
54. History	1,070	545	525	140	85	55
55. French language and literature/letters	270	15	255	50	25	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	17,955	4,605	13,350	1,615	385	1,230
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	55	145	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,525	545	980	125	35	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,460	280	4,180	605	30	575
22. Legal professions and studies	3,190	640	2,550	165	50	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	365	45	325	30	0	25
42. Psychology	3,000	680	2,325	280	95	185
45. Social sciences	5,220	2,370	2,845	405	165	240
Business, management and public administration	26,050	8,980	17,075	5,365	1,020	4,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	0	55	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,815	410	2,405	465	80	385
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,175	8,560	14,615	4,885	940	3,950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,545	1,675	1,865	480	255	225
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,590	680	905	245	125	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	895	415	480	120	60	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	70	10	55	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	720	480	245	90	65	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	270	85	185	25	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,755	2,290	1,470	795	415	375
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,015	1,985	1,035	690	400	290
25. Library science	220	15	200	55	0	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	450	230	215	30	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	60	20	10	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	29,435	27,450	1,985	5,655	5,300	350
04. Architecture and related services	1,005	675	335	45	10	35
14. Engineering	3,040	2,580	460	305	275	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,675	6,050	625	885	750	135
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,885	6,725	155	1,740	1,700	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,555	7,340	215	2,085	1,990	100
48. Precision production	4,280	4,090	190	595	580	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,140	2,015	1,125	575	340	235
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,585	990	600	350	175	175
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,550	1,025	525	225	165	60
Health and related fields	26,095	4,605	21,495	4,465	615	3,850
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,660	1,180	1,475	165	80	80
51. Health professions and related programs	23,130	3,240	19,890	4,265	510	3,750
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	310	185	125	40	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,925	7,105	5,820	2,545	1,405	1,145
12. Personal and culinary services	5,625	1,435	4,190	1,320	305	1,015
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	25	15	15	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	115	95	25	50	50	0
43. Security and protective services	4,875	3,450	1,425	290	220	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,275	2,105	170	865	810	55
Other	50	10	45	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	0	40	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	382,080	186,465	195,620	68,940	33,355	35,580
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	188,855	95,380	93,475	34,980	17,930	17,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	193,225	91,080	102,145	33,960	15,430	18,530
Location of study inside Canada	176,545	82,620	93,925	32,065	14,490	17,575
Same as province or territory of residence	166,565	77,920	88,650	24,925	10,735	14,195
Different than province or territory of residence	9,980	4,700	5,275	7,140	3,755	3,380
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,680	8,460	8,220	1,890	940	950
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,760	1,950	1,810	815	390	425
Philippines	840	205	640	30	0	20
India	700	355	340	30	10	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,390	1,915	1,480	435	240	200
China^{Census data footnote 162}	495	220	270	10	0	0
France	100	50	50	35	20	15
Other	7,405	3,770	3,630	540	270	270
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	242,835	117,815	125,015	42,225	20,365	21,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100,420	52,855	47,565	17,860	9,695	8,165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	142,415	64,965	77,450	24,370	10,670	13,700
Location of study inside Canada	131,805	60,000	71,810	23,255	10,165	13,090
Same as province or territory of residence	124,320	56,405	67,915	18,190	7,565	10,625
Different than province or territory of residence	7,490	3,595	3,895	5,065	2,600	2,465
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,605	4,970	5,635	1,115	505	610
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,615	1,295	1,320	420	195	225
Philippines	715	165	550	25	10	20
India	560	265	295	20	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,500	830	670	265	125	145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	455	205	255	10	0	0
France	75	35	45	10	10	10
Other	4,685	2,170	2,515	370	170	195
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	382,080	186,465	195,620	68,940	33,360	35,585
In the labour force	244,445	127,190	117,255	39,540	20,635	18,905
Employed	227,065	118,110	108,960	35,045	18,095	16,950
Unemployed	17,380	9,085	8,295	4,495	2,540	1,960
Not in the labour force	137,635	59,270	78,360	29,400	12,725	16,675
Participation rate	64.0	68.2	59.9	57.4	61.9	53.1
Employment rate	59.4	63.3	55.7	50.8	54.2	47.6
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.1	7.1	11.4	12.3	10.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	382,085	186,465	195,620	68,940	33,360	35,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	126,440	53,890	72,550	26,660	11,335	15,330
Worked	255,645	132,570	123,070	42,275	22,025	20,255
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	134,030	76,375	57,655	19,145	10,455	8,695
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	121,610	56,200	65,410	23,130	11,570	11,560
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.3	40.5	40.1	40.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	244,450	127,190	117,255	39,540	20,635	18,905
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,540	2,180	2,365	795	370	425
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	239,910	125,010	114,895	38,750	20,265	18,480
Employee	208,195	104,970	103,220	34,345	17,380	16,970
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,715	20,040	11,675	4,410	2,895	1,515
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	244,450	127,190	117,255	39,540	20,635	18,905
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,540	2,180	2,360	790	370	425
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	239,910	125,015	114,895	38,745	20,265	18,480
0 Management occupations	26,585	16,540	10,045	3,490	2,105	1,390
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	31,100	8,020	23,085	4,520	1,010	3,505
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,030	9,035	1,995	1,470	1,155	315
3 Health occupations	16,920	2,930	13,990	3,035	375	2,655
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	28,060	9,580	18,480	4,490	1,720	2,775
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,965	2,435	3,535	660	235	430
6 Sales and service occupations	60,355	23,375	36,985	8,740	3,030	5,715
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	42,700	40,020	2,685	5,850	5,550	300
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,885	3,835	1,055	3,895	3,420	475
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	12,295	9,245	3,055	2,600	1,675	925
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	244,450	127,190	117,255	39,540	20,640	18,905
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,540	2,175	2,360	790	370	425
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	239,905	125,010	114,895	38,750	20,265	18,480
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,185	2,175	1,010	4,280	3,530	750
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	820	745	75	165	160	0
22 Utilities	2,060	1,615	450	85	70	10
23 Construction	24,425	21,790	2,635	2,595	2,395	200
31-33 Manufacturing	23,105	17,470	5,630	3,780	2,610	1,170
41 Wholesale trade	8,215	5,890	2,325	960	690	270
44-45 Retail trade	31,325	13,990	17,330	5,545	2,410	3,135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,975	7,300	2,675	1,315	985	325
51 Information and cultural industries	4,040	2,085	1,950	340	150	190
52 Finance and insurance	6,025	2,285	3,740	805	205	600
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,995	2,605	2,385	350	190	155
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,430	6,055	6,370	1,300	630	670
55 Management of companies and enterprises	175	80	90	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	12,700	7,175	5,520	1,205	705	500
61 Educational services	15,750	4,320	11,425	2,465	725	1,735
62 Health care and social assistance	27,865	4,220	23,650	5,385	755	4,635
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,385	3,860	3,525	570	235	335
72 Accommodation and food services	19,120	7,130	11,990	2,310	615	1,690
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,980	4,820	5,160	1,695	825	870
91 Public administration	16,335	9,380	6,955	3,610	2,380	1,230
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	227,065	118,105	108,960	35,040	18,095	16,950
Worked at home	17,810	8,590	9,215	2,595	1,270	1,325
Worked outside Canada	745	445	300	135	115	15
No fixed workplace address	31,280	23,705	7,575	5,165	4,255	915
Worked at usual place	177,230	85,365	91,870	27,145	12,455	14,690
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	177,225	85,360	91,870	27,150	12,455	14,690
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	77,335	32,910	44,425	12,830	6,280	6,545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	65,360	31,510	33,855	9,475	3,665	5,815
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	33,830	20,510	13,320	4,570	2,340	2,230
Commute to a different province or territory	705	435	275	270	165	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	208,510	109,065	99,440	32,315	16,710	15,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	175,915	94,150	81,760	27,900	14,325	13,575
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	14,530	6,970	7,565	2,220	1,145	1,080
Public transit	5,685	2,175	3,505	300	175	125
Walked	9,015	3,915	5,100	1,370	670	705
Bicycle	1,165	805	360	130	115	15
Other method	2,205	1,055	1,155	390	280	110
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	208,510	109,070	99,440	32,310	16,705	15,605
Less than 15 minutes	67,440	29,730	37,710	14,740	7,385	7,350
15 to 29 minutes	64,565	30,580	33,990	11,105	5,505	5,595
30 to 44 minutes	31,410	17,580	13,830	3,830	2,135	1,690
45 to 59 minutes	16,440	10,540	5,905	1,285	690	595
60 minutes and over	28,645	20,640	8,005	1,360	990	375
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	208,515	109,070	99,445	32,310	16,705	15,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20,095	14,540	5,555	1,820	1,245	575
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	36,870	23,695	13,170	5,840	3,420	2,415
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	53,185	28,090	25,100	10,640	5,740	4,895
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	42,610	15,880	26,740	6,355	2,255	4,105
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20,635	7,670	12,965	2,410	860	1,545
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35,110	19,195	15,915	5,250	3,185	2,060
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	262,855	136,025	126,835	43,455	22,625	20,830
Single responses	261,480	135,425	126,055	42,815	22,330	20,485
Official languages	260,765	135,050	125,715	42,780	22,310	20,470
English	259,375	134,720	124,650	39,780	20,710	19,075
French	1,390	325	1,065	3,000	1,605	1,395
Non-official languages	715	380	335	35	20	10
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	710	375	335	35	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	345	185	165	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	50	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	45	45	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	30	15	0	0	0
Russian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	50	50	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	45	30	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	85	45	10	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	40	30	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	55	20	35	15	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	25	10	0	0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	125	85	0	0	0
Chinese languages	210	125	85	0	0	0
Cantonese	70	45	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	75	55	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,375	605	775	635	295	350
English and French	830	320	515	630	290	340
English and non-official language	525	265	255	10	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	25	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	262,860	136,030	126,835	43,455	22,625	20,830
None	255,305	132,495	122,810	38,315	20,045	18,270
English	1,115	380	735	2,105	1,165	945
French	4,310	2,000	2,305	2,960	1,385	1,580
Non-official language	2,025	1,095	930	65	30	35
Aboriginal	140	60	85	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,880	1,035	845	60	30	30
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	0	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language	75	50	30	10	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	450,295	221,610	228,680	79,310	38,740	40,570
Non-movers	391,170	192,820	198,350	70,605	34,575	36,030
Movers	59,125	28,795	30,330	8,700	4,160	4,540
Non-migrants	25,915	12,445	13,470	3,845	1,870	1,975
Migrants	33,210	16,355	16,860	4,860	2,295	2,565
Internal migrants	31,665	15,635	16,025	4,630	2,165	2,455
Intraprovincial migrants	29,360	14,430	14,935	2,800	1,225	1,580
Interprovincial migrants	2,305	1,210	1,095	1,825	945	880
External migrants	1,550	715	835	230	125	110
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	432,395	212,645	219,750	76,620	37,310	39,305
Non-movers	265,400	131,245	134,155	53,890	26,560	27,330
Movers	167,000	81,400	85,595	22,730	10,750	11,980
Non-migrants	72,425	35,065	37,360	10,030	4,640	5,390
Migrants	94,570	46,340	48,230	12,700	6,115	6,590
Internal migrants	90,095	44,220	45,880	11,920	5,715	6,205
Intraprovincial migrants	83,850	40,980	42,870	6,955	3,235	3,720
Interprovincial migrants	6,245	3,235	3,010	4,965	2,475	2,490
External migrants	4,475	2,120	2,360	780	405	380

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. North Simcoe Muskoka, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and West Nova [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
North Simcoe Muskoka, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and West Nova [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia

Census Profile, 2016 Census North Simcoe Muskoka, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and West Nova [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
North Simcoe Muskoka, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and West Nova [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia