Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northumberland, County [Census division], Ontario and Lachute [Census agglomeration], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Northumberland, CTY Ontario [Census division]			Lachute Quebec [Census agglomeration]
	Data quality , Northumberland, County [Census division], Ontario Map : Northumberland, County [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Lachute [Census agglomeration], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	85,598	...	...	12,862	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	82,126	...	...	12,551	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	39,032	...	...	6,403	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	35,686	...	...	5,983	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	44.9	...	...	117.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,905.15	...	...	109.96	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	85,600	41,985	43,615	12,860	6,230	6,635
0 to 14 years	11,340	5,790	5,550	1,785	960	830
0 to 4 years	3,335	1,725	1,610	550	290	260
5 to 9 years	3,775	1,915	1,860	635	350	285
10 to 14 years	4,230	2,155	2,080	600	325	280
15 to 64 years	51,995	25,785	26,210	7,970	3,950	4,020
15 to 19 years	4,500	2,345	2,155	645	330	320
20 to 24 years	4,180	2,180	2,005	680	375	310
25 to 29 years	3,670	1,910	1,760	695	335	360
30 to 34 years	3,830	1,935	1,895	645	325	320
35 to 39 years	4,005	2,015	1,995	660	320	340
40 to 44 years	4,420	2,160	2,265	665	320	345
45 to 49 years	5,060	2,480	2,585	765	365	400
50 to 54 years	7,175	3,405	3,775	1,065	540	520
55 to 59 years	7,635	3,720	3,915	1,080	525	550
60 to 64 years	7,510	3,650	3,860	1,065	500	565
65 years and over	22,260	10,400	11,855	3,110	1,320	1,790
65 to 69 years	7,490	3,530	3,955	915	440	470
70 to 74 years	5,385	2,680	2,705	775	345	430
75 to 79 years	3,880	1,865	2,015	535	240	300
80 to 84 years	2,805	1,355	1,450	400	155	250
85 years and over	2,700	970	1,730	480	135	340
85 to 89 years	1,705	705	1,005	295	100	195
90 to 94 years	790	215	570	130	30	105
95 to 99 years	180	45	140	35	5	35
100 years and over	25	5	15	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.2	13.8	12.7	13.9	15.4	12.5
15 to 64 years	60.7	61.4	60.1	62.0	63.4	60.6
65 years and over	26.0	24.8	27.2	24.2	21.2	27.0
85 years and over	3.2	2.3	4.0	3.7	2.2	5.1
Average age of the population	47.0	46.0	47.9	45.8	43.9	47.7
Median age of the population	51.4	50.3	52.4	49.3	47.0	51.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
Single-detached house	28,345	...	...	3,000	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	730	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,365	...	...	2,975	...	...
Semi-detached house	895	...	...	175	...	...
Row house	1,675	...	...	110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	465	...	...	635	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,215	...	...	1,995	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	55	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	240	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	35,685	...	...	5,985	...	...
1 person	9,030	...	...	2,240	...	...
2 persons	15,245	...	...	2,200	...	...
3 persons	5,055	...	...	800	...	...
4 persons	4,130	...	...	490	...	...
5 or more persons	2,230	...	...	255	...	...
Number of persons in private households	83,365	...	...	12,405	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	74,255	36,190	38,070	11,080	5,265	5,810
Married or living common law	46,860	23,575	23,285	5,665	2,815	2,850
Married	38,985	19,635	19,350	3,335	1,650	1,690
Living common law	7,875	3,935	3,935	2,330	1,170	1,165
Not married and not living common law	27,400	12,615	14,785	5,410	2,450	2,960
Never married	14,945	8,210	6,730	3,185	1,730	1,455
Separated	2,365	1,160	1,210	175	85	95
Divorced	4,665	2,015	2,645	1,080	430	650
Widowed	5,420	1,225	4,195	970	210	760
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	26,400	...	...	3,570	...	...
2 persons	16,045	...	...	2,190	...	...
3 persons	4,865	...	...	740	...	...
4 persons	3,875	...	...	450	...	...
5 or more persons	1,615	...	...	195	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	26,400	...	...	3,570	...	...
Total couple families	22,875	...	...	2,750	...	...
Married couples	18,940	...	...	1,585	...	...
Common-law couples	3,935	...	...	1,165	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,530	...	...	815	...	...
Female parent	2,720	...	...	615	...	...
Male parent	805	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,875	...	...	2,755	...	...
Couples without children	13,835	...	...	1,680	...	...
Couples with children	9,040	...	...	1,075	...	...
1 child	3,875	...	...	510	...	...
2 children	3,620	...	...	395	...	...
3 or more children	1,545	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,530	...	...	815	...	...
1 child	2,210	...	...	510	...	...
2 children	995	...	...	230	...	...
3 or more children	325	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,585	5,580	7,005	2,980	1,385	1,590
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	35,690	...	...	5,980	...	...
One-census-family households	25,205	...	...	3,475	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	13,320	...	...	1,640	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	11,880	...	...	1,830	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	590	...	...	45	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,885	...	...	2,460	...	...
One-person households	9,030	...	...	2,235	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	860	...	...	225	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	84,195	41,125	43,075	12,475	6,090	6,385
English only	78,655	38,665	39,990	405	185	225
French only	15	5	10	6,420	2,965	3,455
English and French	5,420	2,405	3,015	5,645	2,940	2,705
Neither English nor French	105	50	60	10	5	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	84,200	41,125	43,075	12,475	6,090	6,385
English	82,885	40,490	42,400	1,420	665	750
French	1,140	550	590	10,995	5,385	5,605
English and French	70	35	35	60	35	25
Neither English nor French	100	50	55	5	0	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,175	570	605	1,450	685	760
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.4	11.6	11.2	11.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	84,195	41,125	43,075	12,475	6,090	6,385
Single responses	83,715	40,895	42,820	12,290	5,990	6,295
Official languages	79,785	38,985	40,800	12,135	5,915	6,225
English	78,550	38,405	40,145	1,315	620	690
French	1,235	575	655	10,825	5,295	5,535
Non-official languages	3,935	1,915	2,020	150	80	70
Aboriginal languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,915	1,905	2,010	150	80	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	30	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	35	30	10	5	5
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	155	40	115	0	0	0
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	35	100	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,015	1,515	1,495	105	60	50
Albanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	5	0	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	620	300	320	20	5	10
Baltic languages	30	10	15	0	5	0
Latvian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	595	285	305	15	5	10
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Czech	50	25	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	15	5	0	0	0
Polish	250	115	135	10	5	5
Russian	55	25	30	5	0	5
Serbian	15	10	5	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	95	40	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,410	690	720	15	10	5
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	55	30	25	0	5	0
Dutch	580	285	295	0	0	0
Frisian	25	10	10	0	0	0
German	690	330	365	15	10	10
Icelandic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	115	65	55	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	185	100	85	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	60	5	0	0
Bengali	15	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	5	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	645	340	300	60	35	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	300	175	125	15	10	0
Portuguese	125	70	60	10	0	5
Romanian	15	5	10	0	0	5
Spanish	200	95	105	30	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	130	60	70	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10	5	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	90	110	5	5	0
Chinese languages	200	85	110	10	5	0
Cantonese	75	30	45	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	40	45	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	5	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	235	110	120	10	5	5
Estonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Finnish	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hungarian	140	75	65	10	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	480	225	250	190	95	90
English and French	165	65	95	165	80	80
English and non-official language	295	145	145	10	10	0
French and non-official language	15	5	10	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	84,195	41,120	43,075	12,475	6,090	6,385
Single responses	83,550	40,810	42,735	12,265	5,985	6,280
Official languages	82,675	40,380	42,305	12,205	5,955	6,250
English	82,415	40,235	42,175	1,325	615	710
French	265	140	125	10,885	5,340	5,540
Non-official languages	870	435	435	60	30	30
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	870	430	435	60	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	5	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	495	250	245	35	20	20
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	75	60	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	130	70	60	5	0	0
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	60	30	30	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	5	5	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	90	50	45	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	15	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	55	30	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	15	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	90	50	45	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	25	5	5	5
Bengali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	10	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	65	70	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	20	25	5	5	5
Portuguese	10	5	10	5	5	0
Romanian	5	0	5	5	0	0
Spanish	75	40	35	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	55	50	0	0	5
Chinese languages	105	55	50	5	0	0
Cantonese	35	15	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	40	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	20	15	5	0	0
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	15	5	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	645	305	335	210	110	105
English and French	75	35	45	160	80	80
English and non-official language	555	270	285	15	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	5	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language	15	10	5	20	10	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	84,195	41,120	43,075	12,475	6,090	6,385
None	81,580	39,915	41,660	11,105	5,430	5,670
English	475	245	225	880	435	445
French	800	365	435	390	180	215
Non-official language	1,310	575	730	100	40	55
Aboriginal	35	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,275	565	710	95	40	55
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	15	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,110	5,515
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	69,570	33,890	35,685	10,310	4,985	5,325
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,927	41,992	27,474	25,460	29,883	22,512
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	69,605	33,890	35,715	10,315	4,990	5,330
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,803	37,293	25,289	23,965	27,415	21,525
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	62,570	31,115	31,455	8,275	4,120	4,150
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,061	38,514	23,062	23,248	28,339	19,067
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	52,335	23,995	28,340	8,560	4,000	4,560
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,682	8,708	8,652	9,813	8,860	10,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	47,435	24,885	22,545	6,430	3,340	3,090
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,238	34,659	25,031	24,456	28,032	21,557
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	69,480	33,870	35,610	10,265	4,960	5,305
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,337	53,166	35,940	33,961	39,260	29,006
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	69,520	33,875	35,645	10,265	4,960	5,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,222	43,764	31,005	29,006	32,820	25,439
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,560	31,100	31,460	8,305	4,200	4,105
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,558	50,899	32,325	31,605	37,320	25,758
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	52,260	23,915	28,345	8,500	3,940	4,560
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,201	9,112	9,275	10,135	9,647	10,558
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	47,435	24,810	22,620	6,430	3,345	3,085
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,636	45,470	33,237	31,808	35,682	27,604
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	21,690	12,365	9,320	2,670	1,430	1,240
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,282	57,229	42,683	39,718	43,422	35,549
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,623	66,400	50,630	45,416	50,286	39,803
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	87.8	79.5	74.8	79.8	68.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	61.1	63.2	58.2	58.7	62.4	54.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	12.2	20.5	25.2	20.2	31.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
Without total income	2,465	1,140	1,330	315	130	185
With total income	69,570	33,885	35,685	10,310	4,985	5,325
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.7	96.4	97.0	97.5	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,805	3,480	5,325	1,335	605	730
$10,000 to $19,999	12,245	4,560	7,680	2,545	1,015	1,535
$20,000 to $29,999	10,335	4,115	6,220	2,045	880	1,165
$30,000 to $39,999	8,700	3,960	4,735	1,375	675	700
$40,000 to $49,999	7,660	3,990	3,670	1,050	565	490
$50,000 to $59,999	5,755	3,270	2,485	685	410	275
$60,000 to $69,999	4,135	2,560	1,575	385	235	145
$70,000 to $79,999	2,985	1,920	1,065	335	200	130
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,425	810	200	135	70
$90,000 to $99,999	1,990	1,195	800	125	95	25
$100,000 and over	4,715	3,400	1,315	230	170	60
$100,000 to $149,999	3,330	2,350	980	155	125	30
$150,000 and over	1,390	1,055	335	75	45	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
Without after-tax income	2,435	1,135	1,295	310	125	180
With after-tax income	69,605	33,890	35,715	10,315	4,985	5,325
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.8	96.5	97.1	97.5	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,285	3,550	5,740	1,390	610	780
$10,000 to $19,999	12,815	4,800	8,015	2,665	1,080	1,585
$20,000 to $29,999	11,900	4,915	6,985	2,385	1,070	1,320
$30,000 to $39,999	10,490	5,060	5,430	1,645	850	800
$40,000 to $49,999	8,215	4,520	3,695	995	570	425
$50,000 to $59,999	5,555	3,435	2,125	565	345	220
$60,000 to $69,999	3,745	2,445	1,305	330	215	115
$70,000 to $79,999	2,790	1,750	1,040	140	105	30
$80,000 and over	4,805	3,420	1,390	190	140	50
$80,000 to $89,999	1,725	1,115	610	50	40	10
$90,000 to $99,999	975	690	285	45	35	5
$100,000 and over	2,105	1,610	490	95	60	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
Without employment income	24,605	10,140	14,465	4,195	1,775	2,420
With employment income	47,435	24,885	22,550	6,430	3,340	3,095
Percentage with employment income	65.8	71.0	60.9	60.5	65.3	56.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,890	4,870	4,025	1,080	545	535
$5,000 to $9,999	4,010	1,805	2,205	570	265	310
$10,000 to $19,999	6,130	2,625	3,500	1,125	505	615
$20,000 to $29,999	5,095	2,125	2,970	955	420	530
$30,000 to $39,999	4,945	2,145	2,800	780	390	395
$40,000 to $49,999	4,140	2,080	2,060	600	345	255
$50,000 to $59,999	3,295	1,900	1,395	410	255	150
$60,000 to $69,999	2,370	1,520	850	240	140	100
$70,000 to $79,999	2,015	1,300	720	270	170	105
$80,000 and over	6,550	4,525	2,025	395	295	100
$80,000 to $89,999	1,575	1,015	560	160	115	45
$90,000 to $99,999	1,625	945	685	85	60	25
$100,000 and over	3,350	2,575	775	150	120	30
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,208	...	...	44,681	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,187	...	...	40,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	9,030	...	...	2,235	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,747	...	...	22,944	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,541	...	...	22,234	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	26,655	...	...	3,745	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,490	...	...	62,519	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,544	...	...	55,927	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	35,690	...	...	5,985	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	86,327	...	...	58,265	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,509	...	...	49,763	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,010	...	...	2,250	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,135	...	...	30,627	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,126	...	...	26,739	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	26,675	...	...	3,735	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,238	...	...	74,917	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,121	...	...	63,635	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	35,685	...	...	5,985	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	855	...	...	350	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,165	...	...	485	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,480	...	...	515	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,325	...	...	360	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,520	...	...	415	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,630	...	...	355	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,695	...	...	325	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,570	...	...	320	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,990	...	...	480	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,860	...	...	410	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,720	...	...	400	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,400	...	...	315	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,105	...	...	235	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,675	...	...	820	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,915	...	...	365	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,490	...	...	205	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,505	...	...	165	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,765	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	35,685	...	...	5,985	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	860	...	...	350	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,220	...	...	510	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,670	...	...	565	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,495	...	...	400	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,795	...	...	475	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,935	...	...	440	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,910	...	...	360	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,905	...	...	330	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,575	...	...	560	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,415	...	...	510	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,095	...	...	360	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,505	...	...	255	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	...	...	195	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,515	...	...	460	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,445	...	...	285	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,870	...	...	95	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,195	...	...	85	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	26,045	...	...	3,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,354	...	...	62,797	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,343	...	...	56,025	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	12,995	...	...	1,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,655	...	...	58,325	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,855	...	...	51,925	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	9,165	...	...	1,080	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,190	...	...	89,152	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,843	...	...	76,992	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,215	...	...	800	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,932	...	...	41,440	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,449	...	...	39,467	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	26,060	...	...	3,575	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,965	...	...	75,338	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,849	...	...	63,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	12,985	...	...	1,570	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,711	...	...	73,138	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,490	...	...	61,218	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	9,155	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,273	...	...	96,783	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,164	...	...	81,478	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,220	...	...	805	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,211	...	...	47,592	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,479	...	...	43,033	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,055	4,955	6,095	2,720	1,270	1,450
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,691	36,215	30,099	21,691	23,181	21,280
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,839	32,171	28,077	21,376	22,056	20,983
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	11,030	5,015	6,015	2,725	1,250	1,475
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,112	45,496	41,124	29,130	32,191	26,542
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,484	37,649	35,512	25,583	27,480	23,979
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,405	6,065	6,335
In the bottom half of the distribution	40,630	19,250	21,380	8,855	4,220	4,635
In the bottom decile	6,200	2,950	3,250	1,975	940	1,035
In the second decile	7,945	3,460	4,485	2,080	900	1,180
In the third decile	8,255	3,900	4,355	1,770	855	910
In the fourth decile	9,045	4,380	4,670	1,670	825	840
In the fifth decile	9,185	4,560	4,630	1,365	695	665
In the top half of the distribution	42,730	21,560	21,170	3,550	1,850	1,700
In the sixth decile	9,335	4,665	4,670	1,200	625	575
In the seventh decile	9,395	4,680	4,715	880	460	420
In the eighth decile	8,710	4,390	4,315	750	395	350
In the ninth decile	8,700	4,405	4,295	460	235	225
In the top decile	6,600	3,420	3,175	260	130	130
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	82,865	40,560	42,310	12,400	6,070	6,335
0 to 17 years	13,925	7,140	6,785	2,170	1,145	1,020
0 to 5 years	4,020	2,055	1,965	675	355	320
18 to 64 years	48,210	23,540	24,660	7,470	3,695	3,780
65 years and over	20,740	9,870	10,865	2,760	1,225	1,535
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,590	4,340	5,250	3,015	1,340	1,670
0 to 17 years	2,160	1,105	1,055	660	330	325
0 to 5 years	635	310	330	230	115	115
18 to 64 years	5,550	2,510	3,040	1,625	760	865
65 years and over	1,875	720	1,155	730	255	480
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.7	12.4	24.3	22.1	26.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.5	15.5	30.4	28.8	31.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.1	16.8	34.1	32.4	35.9
18 to 64 years (%)	11.5	10.7	12.3	21.8	20.6	22.9
65 years and over (%)	9.0	7.3	10.6	26.4	20.8	31.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,455	1,675	1,775	1,230	625	605
0 to 17 years	670	360	310	250	130	115
0 to 5 years	185	90	100	80	40	35
18 to 64 years	2,520	1,215	1,310	915	465	450
65 years and over	260	105	155	70	25	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	4.1	4.2	9.9	10.3	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	5.0	4.6	11.5	11.4	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.4	5.1	11.9	11.3	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.2	5.3	12.2	12.6	11.9
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	2.5	2.0	2.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,405	6,070	6,335
Official languages	83,265	40,760	42,505	12,405	6,070	6,335
English	83,240	40,750	42,485	6,015	3,145	2,870
French	5,385	2,400	2,990	12,090	5,910	6,175
Non-official languages	5,055	2,355	2,705	375	210	165
Aboriginal languages	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	50	10	35	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	10	35	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	40	10	35	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,005	2,335	2,670	375	210	165
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	40	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	170	45	130	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	40	115	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	25	0	35	0	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	35	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	50	25	20	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,900	1,880	2,020	320	190	130
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	20	0	10	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	660	330	330	10	10	10
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0	10	0
Latvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	630	320	310	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Czech	60	35	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Polish	290	145	150	0	0	0
Russian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	105	45	55	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,555	715	840	25	15	10
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0	0	0
Danish	40	15	25	0	0	0
Dutch	595	260	330	0	0	0
Frisian	20	25	0	0	0	0
German	875	410	465	20	15	10
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	175	100	75	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	255	150	105	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	215	135	80	0	0	0
Bengali	30	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	45	25	0	0	0
Hindi	110	85	30	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	30	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	65	40	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	45	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,365	630	740	280	165	115
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	510	275	235	40	25	10
Portuguese	135	70	70	15	10	0
Romanian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Spanish	760	320	440	245	140	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	20	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	100	40	55	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	10	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	100	30	75	0	0	0
American Sign Language	60	10	50	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	105	150	10	0	0
Chinese languages	255	105	150	10	0	0
Cantonese	60	25	30	10	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	190	90	105	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	280	135	145	10	10	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	45	15	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	225	115	105	15	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,405	6,070	6,335
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	81,960	40,185	41,775	12,300	6,010	6,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,905	7,125	6,780	2,140	1,145	1,000
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,060	33,060	34,995	10,160	4,865	5,290
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,400	625	775	105	60	50
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,400	6,070	6,335
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	74,350	36,645	37,700	12,105	5,920	6,185
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	8,895	4,095	4,800	285	140	145
Before 1981	6,530	3,045	3,485	140	65	75
1981 to 1990	780	355	425	30	20	10
1991 to 2000	705	300	400	40	25	15
2001 to 2010	635	295	340	35	0	30
2001 to 2005	310	120	190	25	0	20
2006 to 2010	315	170	145	10	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	250	100	150	40	25	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	125	70	50	10	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	8,895	4,090	4,805	285	140	145
Under 5 years	1,360	705	655	50	30	15
5 to 14 years	2,060	920	1,140	60	15	40
15 to 24 years	2,300	1,015	1,285	75	50	25
25 to 44 years	2,835	1,305	1,530	95	35	60
45 years and over	340	150	190	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,895	4,090	4,800	280	135	145
Americas	1,400	570	830	120	55	55
Brazil	20	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	60	30	25	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyana	130	50	80	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	30	15	15
Jamaica	170	75	95	0	0	0
Mexico	45	15	35	25	20	10
Peru	20	10	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	90	35	55	0	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	645	240	405	50	25	20
Other places of birth in Americas	215	105	105	10	0	0
Europe	6,320	3,015	3,300	145	75	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	20	15	0	0	0	0
France	60	30	30	60	20	40
Germany	515	240	275	15	10	10
Greece	80	60	25	0	10	0
Hungary	100	45	60	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	170	100	75	0	0	0
Italy	230	135	100	15	0	10
Netherlands	535	285	255	0	0	0
Poland	190	100	90	0	0	0
Portugal	75	45	30	0	0	0
Romania	35	10	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	0	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	10	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,785	1,695	2,090	30	10	25
Other places of birth in Europe	440	230	210	15	15	0
Africa	185	95	90	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	20	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	65	35	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	40	10	0	0
Asia	920	365	555	15	0	10
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	170	70	110	0	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	0	25	0	0	0
India	165	105	60	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	0	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	95	45	55	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	60	35	30	0	0	0
Philippines	150	35	115	0	0	10
Sri Lanka	40	20	20	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	0	15	10	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	25	50	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	70	45	30	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	250	95	150	40	25	10
Americas	75	20	50	35	25	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	20	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	10	40	15	10	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	10	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	15	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	135	55	75	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	50	15	35	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	45	30	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	20	10	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	15	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,405	6,070	6,335
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	9,335	4,320	5,015	310	160	150
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	13,085	6,345	6,740	450	220	235
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	60,945	30,145	30,805	11,640	5,690	5,950
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,535	1,130	1,405	150	80	70
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,220	605	620	75	25	50
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	500	330	175	20	15	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	725	275	450	55	10	45
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,060	385	670	70	50	25
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	210	110	100	10	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	83,365	40,810	42,550	12,405	6,070	6,335
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,275	1,030	1,245	180	95	85
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,230	1,000	1,225	180	95	85
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,510	680	830	80	35	40
Métis	705	310	390	95	55	45
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	40	20	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	81,085	39,780	41,305	12,225	5,975	6,245
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,405	6,070	6,340
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,000	440	560	35	15	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	82,365	40,370	41,990	12,370	6,050	6,320
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,400	6,065	6,335
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	635	305	330	145	65	80
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	635	305	330	140	60	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	530	250	275	110	50	60
Métis single ancestry	95	40	55	25	10	15
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	3,145	1,445	1,705	360	160	205
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,120	1,435	1,685	365	160	205
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,315	1,070	1,245	330	145	190
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	740	330	410	30	10	15
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	35	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	30	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	79,580	39,065	40,515	11,895	5,845	6,050
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,405	6,070	6,335
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,870	1,340	1,535	125	50	70
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	495	255	240	0	0	0
Chinese	400	155	245	10	10	0
Black	835	440	390	75	35	45
Filipino	250	75	180	10	0	0
Latin American	200	95	100	30	10	15
Arab	40	15	25	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	70	35	35	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	40	15	20	0	0	0
Korean	165	75	90	0	0	0
Japanese	125	40	85	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	150	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	100	50	50	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	80,490	39,470	41,020	12,280	6,020	6,265
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	83,365	40,810	42,555	12,400	6,070	6,335
North American Aboriginal origins	3,785	1,745	2,040	505	225	285
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,875	1,335	1,540	445	195	250
Inuit	80	35	35	10	10	10
Métis	865	380	480	55	30	35
Other North American origins	31,835	15,840	15,990	9,385	4,570	4,815
Acadian	120	65	60	50	25	25
American	1,050	505	545	110	55	55
Canadian	31,080	15,475	15,610	8,920	4,350	4,575
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	115	50	65	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Québécois	30	15	15	430	205	225
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	65,245	31,695	33,550	4,625	2,295	2,335
British Isles origins	53,890	26,090	27,800	1,670	755	920
Channel Islander	30	15	20	0	0	0
Cornish	20	0	10	0	0	0
English	34,150	16,275	17,875	575	235	340
Irish	21,130	9,860	11,265	950	480	470
Manx	10	0	0	0	10	0
Scottish	22,675	10,935	11,740	575	255	320
Welsh	2,065	1,000	1,065	30	25	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,030	1,450	1,580	70	35	40
French origins	8,915	4,210	4,700	2,960	1,505	1,455
Alsatian	25	0	15	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	10	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,890	4,205	4,685	2,955	1,500	1,455
Western European origins (except French origins)	13,850	6,615	7,235	295	150	145
Austrian	525	225	300	10	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	380	195	190	80	35	40
Dutch	5,890	2,895	2,995	0	0	10
Flemish	50	30	25	0	0	0
Frisian	55	30	30	0	0	0
German	7,770	3,630	4,145	180	85	90
Luxembourger	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	310	140	175	60	40	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,875	890	980	40	25	10
Danish	500	240	260	0	0	0
Finnish	310	150	160	0	0	0
Icelandic	75	35	40	0	10	0
Norwegian	380	195	185	10	0	0
Swedish	620	315	300	25	15	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	135	45	85	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	5,370	2,520	2,850	130	80	55
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Czech	215	105	110	10	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Estonian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	670	360	310	20	15	10
Latvian	55	20	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	90	55	35	15	20	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,990	945	1,045	25	0	25
Romanian	210	90	125	10	10	0
Russian	460	215	235	25	20	0
Slovak	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,955	865	1,085	30	15	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	0	25	0	0	0
Southern European origins	4,450	2,170	2,280	450	225	225
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	385	175	210	70	40	25
Italian	2,480	1,230	1,250	295	140	155
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Maltese	245	130	120	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	520	235	285	50	25	25
Serbian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Sicilian	65	30	30	10	10	0
Slovenian	110	50	60	0	0	0
Spanish	500	215	285	35	15	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	65	40	30	10	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	10	10	0	10
Other European origins	390	205	185	20	15	0
Basque	15	15	0	0	10	0
Jewish	100	60	40	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	245	125	120	15	10	0
Caribbean origins	780	395	390	65	25	45
Antiguan	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	75	40	35	10	0	10
Bermudan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	0	0	10	10
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	10	10	45	15	30
Jamaican	365	185	180	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	170	75	90	0	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	15	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	85	50	40	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	480	220	260	95	55	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	20	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	50	15	30	0	0	0
Belizean	10	0	15	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Chilean	25	15	10	0	0	0
Colombian	70	40	35	10	0	0
Costa Rican	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	110	45	65	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mexican	70	30	40	65	40	20
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	10	10	0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	10	10	0	0
African origins	455	220	235	60	35	25
Central and West African origins	45	0	35	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	0	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	45	25	15	10	10	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	15	0	10	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	130	70	65	10	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
South African	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zulu	20	10	15	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	250	120	130	40	25	15
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	15	10	10	20	10	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	235	110	125	25	15	10
Asian origins	2,190	980	1,210	75	50	25
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	410	210	200	45	35	10
Afghan	40	15	20	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	35	15	15	10	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	50	25	20	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	105	70	35	15	10	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	45	20	25	10	10	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	50	20	30	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	625	325	305	10	10	0
Bangladeshi	20	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	460	230	235	0	0	0
Goan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	55	40	15	10	0	0
Punjabi	25	20	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	20	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	10	10	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,210	465	740	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	560	220	340	20	15	10
Filipino	240	60	175	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Japanese	170	60	110	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	155	75	80	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	40	20	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	125	75	55	0	0	0
Australian	95	55	40	0	0	0
New Zealander	20	15	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	35,685	...	...	5,985	...	...
Owner	28,920	...	...	3,105	...	...
Renter	6,760	...	...	2,875	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
Condominium	1,660	...	...	340	...	...
Not condominium	34,025	...	...	5,640	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	2,660	...	...	1,100	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,690	...	...	2,235	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,860	...	...	1,790	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,375	...	...	845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,425	...	...	2,385	...	...
5 rooms	5,150	...	...	1,010	...	...
6 rooms	5,875	...	...	765	...	...
7 rooms	5,925	...	...	640	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,310	...	...	1,185	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,555	...	...	5,965	...	...
More than 1 person per room	130	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	35,685	...	...	5,985	...	...
Suitable	34,795	...	...	5,760	...	...
Not suitable	895	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
1960 or before	11,570	...	...	2,030	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,825	...	...	1,725	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,440	...	...	625	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,160	...	...	350	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,430	...	...	205	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,300	...	...	580	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,965	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	35,685	...	...	5,985	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	33,150	...	...	5,540	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,540	...	...	440	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	35,685	...	...	5,980	...	...
1 household maintainer	20,445	...	...	4,185	...	...
2 household maintainers	14,855	...	...	1,755	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	390	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	35,685	...	...	5,985	...	...
15 to 24 years	440	...	...	205	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,940	...	...	695	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,295	...	...	820	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,395	...	...	1,075	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,595	...	...	1,240	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,540	...	...	1,130	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,040	...	...	620	...	...
85 years and over	1,445	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	34,615	...	...	5,975	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,690	...	...	4,410	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,925	...	...	1,565	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,170	...	...	1,485	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,985	...	...	3,100	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.3	...	...	60.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,068	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,205	...	...	921	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,344	...	...	194,930	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	339,962	...	...	211,715	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,665	...	...	2,880	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.3	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.7	...	...	38.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	944	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	977	...	...	673	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,215	7,180	6,035	3,690	1,925	1,765
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	22,220	10,770	11,450	2,560	1,150	1,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,605	17,070	19,530	4,375	2,045	2,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,400	4,825	1,575	2,135	1,105	1,025
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,660	1,675	985	1,615	740	875
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,740	3,145	590	520	365	155
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,270	7,125	11,145	1,180	495	685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,325	540	780	255	90	160
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,615	4,580	6,030	810	350	460
Bachelor's degree	7,440	2,940	4,495	630	255	380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	755	330	425	55	25	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	185	60	30	15	15
Master's degree	1,845	910	935	90	60	25
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	335	215	115	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	42,610	20,575	22,030	6,555	3,225	3,325
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,725	2,855	1,870	1,880	1,050	830
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,100	6,745	6,360	1,455	665	790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,780	10,975	13,805	3,215	1,510	1,705
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,900	2,985	915	1,655	835	820
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,630	1,065	565	1,295	580	715
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,275	1,925	350	360	255	105
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,190	5,075	8,115	825	360	465
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675	275	400	140	70	70
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,020	2,640	4,370	590	245	345
Bachelor's degree	5,105	1,800	3,300	455	185	275
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	470	180	290	45	25	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	115	50	15	0	10
Master's degree	1,120	465	660	65	40	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	155	85	75	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	35,435	17,950	17,480	6,250	3,070	3,175
Education	2,685	705	1,975	360	95	265
13. Education	2,680	700	1,975	360	95	260
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,320	570	750	135	55	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	195	55	20	10	15
50. Visual and performing arts	1,070	375	700	110	45	65
Humanities	1,765	690	1,075	180	65	120
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	110	30	85	20	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	560	130	430	15	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	140	225	115	30	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	75	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	120	65	10	10	0
54. History	345	180	155	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	85	15	65	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,175	1,170	3,000	295	70	225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	55	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	350	150	205	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	65	985	90	0	85
22. Legal professions and studies	775	180	595	30	15	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	130	25	105	25	0	20
42. Psychology	635	165	470	55	15	40
45. Social sciences	1,170	580	590	85	30	55
Business, management and public administration	6,265	2,020	4,245	935	275	660
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	815	95	720	70	25	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,415	1,910	3,500	870	250	615
Physical and life sciences and technologies	965	505	455	75	55	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	135	280	25	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	85	65	20	20	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	0	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	265	200	60	15	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	75	40	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	860	390	465	60	35	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	630	310	315	50	25	25
25. Library science	85	10	80	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	70	70	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,345	7,925	420	1,020	950	65
04. Architecture and related services	190	140	50	10	10	0
14. Engineering	760	695	70	50	45	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,880	1,740	145	180	170	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,195	2,145	50	205	200	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,250	2,165	80	370	335	35
48. Precision production	1,065	1,040	30	205	190	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,145	750	395	90	45	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	785	505	285	65	20	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	365	250	115	25	25	0
Health and related fields	6,085	840	5,245	660	90	575
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	530	185	340	40	15	25
51. Health professions and related programs	5,505	610	4,890	620	70	550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	55	40	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,990	1,500	1,485	560	310	250
12. Personal and culinary services	1,375	260	1,110	295	70	225
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,075	730	350	95	80	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	475	20	165	145	20
Other	15	10	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	10	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	42,610	20,575	22,035	6,555	3,225	3,330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,825	9,600	8,230	3,340	1,715	1,625
Education	1,505	390	1,120	190	45	140
13. Education	1,510	390	1,115	185	50	140
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	905	375	535	90	35	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	125	40	20	10	15
50. Visual and performing arts	745	250	495	70	30	45
Humanities	1,025	340	690	120	45	75
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	70	15	55	20	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	285	45	240	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	75	135	75	20	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	75	50	0	0	0
54. History	205	90	120	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	45	10	45	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,030	690	2,335	230	45	180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	95	155	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	35	790	85	0	80
22. Legal professions and studies	595	110	485	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	100	20	90	0	0	10
42. Psychology	425	90	335	40	10	30
45. Social sciences	775	335	440	70	25	45
Business, management and public administration	4,245	1,255	2,990	705	220	485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	45	570	50	20	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,610	1,215	2,400	655	200	450
Physical and life sciences and technologies	645	295	355	45	30	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	105	205	20	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	50	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	145	90	60	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	40	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	620	270	355	55	25	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	225	260	50	30	25
25. Library science	50	10	45	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	40	45	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,500	5,175	330	765	720	50
04. Architecture and related services	120	80	40	0	10	0
14. Engineering	430	380	50	45	50	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,240	1,105	135	150	140	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,510	1,475	40	155	155	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,505	1,455	50	270	245	20
48. Precision production	695	680	15	140	125	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	515	310	80	30	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	545	335	210	60	20	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	275	180	100	15	10	0
Health and related fields	4,230	555	3,675	500	65	435
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	390	130	255	30	20	10
51. Health professions and related programs	3,810	400	3,410	465	45	420
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	30	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,225	1,100	1,125	445	240	205
12. Personal and culinary services	1,015	185	830	240	60	185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	830	550	280	75	65	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	360	10	125	115	15
Other	10	10	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,515
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,435	17,950	17,485	6,250	3,070	3,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	36,605	17,075	19,530	4,375	2,045	2,330
Location of study inside Canada	33,580	15,485	18,095	4,280	1,995	2,285
Same as province or territory of residence	31,470	14,475	17,005	4,095	1,880	2,210
Different than province or territory of residence	2,105	1,015	1,085	185	115	75
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,030	1,585	1,440	95	50	50
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	865	425	440	30	15	15
Philippines	90	30	60	0	0	0
India	50	25	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,065	615	450	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	60	25	40	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	35	10	25
Other	900	465	435	20	15	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	42,610	20,575	22,035	6,555	3,225	3,325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,825	9,600	8,230	3,335	1,715	1,620
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	24,780	10,975	13,805	3,215	1,510	1,710
Location of study inside Canada	23,325	10,310	13,020	3,150	1,480	1,670
Same as province or territory of residence	22,085	9,715	12,375	3,035	1,405	1,630
Different than province or territory of residence	1,240	600	640	110	75	40
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,455	670	790	70	35	35
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	515	225	295	25	10	10
Philippines	65	25	45	0	0	0
India	35	20	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	305	150	150	0	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	60	25	35	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other	470	215	250	15	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
In the labour force	40,880	21,010	19,875	5,695	2,950	2,750
Employed	37,880	19,405	18,475	5,310	2,735	2,570
Unemployed	3,000	1,600	1,400	390	210	175
Not in the labour force	31,160	14,020	17,140	4,930	2,165	2,765
Participation rate	56.7	60.0	53.7	53.6	57.7	49.9
Employment rate	52.6	55.4	49.9	50.0	53.5	46.6
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.6	7.0	6.8	7.1	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	72,040	35,025	37,015	10,625	5,115	5,510
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	28,850	12,785	16,065	4,675	2,050	2,625
Worked	43,185	22,240	20,950	5,950	3,060	2,885
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	22,350	12,755	9,590	2,760	1,500	1,255
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	20,840	9,480	11,360	3,190	1,565	1,630
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.1	42.8	42.4	42.4	42.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	40,885	21,005	19,875	5,695	2,945	2,745
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	785	390	395	150	80	75
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	40,095	20,620	19,480	5,545	2,870	2,675
Employee	34,330	17,205	17,125	4,840	2,475	2,365
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,765	3,415	2,350	705	400	310
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	40,880	21,005	19,875	5,695	2,950	2,750
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	785	390	395	150	80	75
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	40,095	20,620	19,480	5,545	2,875	2,675
0 Management occupations	4,395	2,555	1,840	445	240	200
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,945	1,180	3,760	790	230	565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,660	1,265	390	145	120	25
3 Health occupations	2,770	420	2,350	380	50	325
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,575	1,500	3,075	570	135	435
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	975	405	570	90	45	40
6 Sales and service occupations	9,445	3,580	5,865	1,435	635	795
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,170	6,730	435	1,055	970	85
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,055	835	220	100	75	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,105	2,135	970	535	360	170
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	40,880	21,005	19,875	5,695	2,945	2,745
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	785	390	395	145	75	70
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	40,100	20,620	19,475	5,545	2,870	2,675
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,305	935	370	50	35	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	165	15	10	10	0
22 Utilities	1,005	855	155	40	45	0
23 Construction	3,705	3,240	465	400	355	45
31-33 Manufacturing	4,945	3,435	1,510	840	620	225
41 Wholesale trade	1,150	765	385	210	145	70
44-45 Retail trade	5,020	2,140	2,885	760	335	430
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,665	1,245	415	345	210	130
51 Information and cultural industries	535	260	280	50	30	25
52 Finance and insurance	960	320	645	115	30	90
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	680	360	320	50	30	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,970	945	1,020	230	115	115
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,815	1,010	810	345	205	140
61 Educational services	2,570	745	1,825	285	85	205
62 Health care and social assistance	4,810	600	4,210	785	125	660
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	760	330	430	105	70	35
72 Accommodation and food services	2,825	1,045	1,780	485	185	305
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,895	905	985	225	110	120
91 Public administration	2,280	1,315	965	205	150	55
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	37,885	19,405	18,475	5,310	2,740	2,570
Worked at home	3,620	1,840	1,775	365	165	200
Worked outside Canada	105	65	35	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,965	3,610	1,360	540	435	100
Worked at usual place	29,190	13,890	15,300	4,405	2,140	2,265
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	29,190	13,890	15,305	4,405	2,140	2,270
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,805	4,280	5,520	2,380	1,040	1,335
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,300	3,640	4,655	365	195	175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,000	5,890	5,105	1,470	825	650
Commute to a different province or territory	95	70	20	185	80	110
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	34,160	17,495	16,660	4,945	2,570	2,370
Car, truck, van - as a driver	29,220	15,160	14,060	4,335	2,325	2,010
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,025	950	1,075	205	100	105
Public transit	625	235	390	35	10	25
Walked	1,725	810	910	285	85	205
Bicycle	175	120	60	40	35	0
Other method	390	220	170	45	20	25
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	34,155	17,495	16,665	4,940	2,575	2,370
Less than 15 minutes	11,570	5,240	6,330	2,420	1,145	1,270
15 to 29 minutes	9,520	4,615	4,905	910	455	460
30 to 44 minutes	5,880	3,140	2,745	880	480	395
45 to 59 minutes	3,110	1,695	1,415	265	185	85
60 minutes and over	4,080	2,805	1,270	465	310	160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	34,155	17,495	16,660	4,940	2,570	2,370
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,335	2,335	1,000	415	295	125
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,910	4,475	2,435	1,140	700	445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,355	4,050	4,310	1,220	565	655
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,225	2,180	4,050	770	295	470
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,165	1,075	2,085	445	160	285
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,165	3,385	2,780	950	560	390
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	44,440	22,780	21,655	6,130	3,155	2,970
Single responses	44,295	22,735	21,565	5,725	2,945	2,775
Official languages	44,250	22,710	21,540	5,720	2,945	2,775
English	44,130	22,680	21,455	400	255	145
French	115	30	85	5,320	2,690	2,635
Non-official languages	50	20	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	140	50	90	400	210	195
English and French	45	10	30	400	210	195
English and non-official language	90	30	60	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	44,440	22,780	21,655	6,130	3,155	2,970
None	43,650	22,420	21,230	3,755	2,005	1,755
English	100	25	75	2,080	985	1,095
French	515	240	270	270	155	115
Non-official language	175	95	80	0	10	0
Aboriginal	15	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	165	90	75	10	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	82,745	40,480	42,270	12,350	6,035	6,315
Non-movers	72,900	35,690	37,205	10,640	5,235	5,405
Movers	9,850	4,790	5,055	1,710	805	905
Non-migrants	3,245	1,495	1,750	910	400	510
Migrants	6,605	3,295	3,310	800	405	395
Internal migrants	6,465	3,230	3,240	780	385	390
Intraprovincial migrants	6,065	3,015	3,055	725	350	370
Interprovincial migrants	400	220	185	50	40	20
External migrants	140	65	75	20	15	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	80,030	39,080	40,950	11,865	5,785	6,080
Non-movers	51,930	25,620	26,310	7,015	3,420	3,595
Movers	28,100	13,455	14,645	4,850	2,365	2,485
Non-migrants	9,840	4,585	5,250	2,780	1,405	1,380
Migrants	18,260	8,875	9,390	2,070	965	1,105
Internal migrants	17,695	8,605	9,090	2,045	940	1,100
Intraprovincial migrants	16,650	8,075	8,575	1,970	910	1,065
Interprovincial migrants	1,045	530	515	70	35	40
External migrants	570	265	305	20	20	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Northumberland, CTY [Census division], Ontario and Lachute [Census agglomeration], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northumberland, County [Census division], Ontario and Lachute [Census agglomeration], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Northumberland, County [Census division], Ontario and Lachute [Census agglomeration], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northumberland, County [Census division], Ontario and Lachute [Census agglomeration], Quebec