Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oshawa, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]			Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Oshawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Oshawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	159,458	...	...	465	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	149,607	...	...	454	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	64,883	...	...	286	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,094.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	145.64	...	...	110.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	159,455	77,785	81,670	465	245	220
0 to 14 years	26,575	13,660	12,910	100	45	55
0 to 4 years	8,770	4,515	4,260	20	15	10
5 to 9 years	9,130	4,650	4,485	45	20	30
10 to 14 years	8,670	4,495	4,175	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	106,535	52,575	53,960	295	155	135
15 to 19 years	9,220	4,625	4,595	25	10	10
20 to 24 years	10,660	5,450	5,215	20	15	10
25 to 29 years	10,460	5,345	5,125	30	15	15
30 to 34 years	10,365	5,115	5,250	25	15	10
35 to 39 years	10,040	4,875	5,165	40	15	20
40 to 44 years	10,060	4,905	5,150	20	10	10
45 to 49 years	10,815	5,295	5,515	30	15	10
50 to 54 years	13,100	6,350	6,750	25	15	10
55 to 59 years	12,080	6,025	6,050	40	20	20
60 to 64 years	9,735	4,590	5,145	45	25	20
65 years and over	26,350	11,555	14,800	70	40	35
65 to 69 years	8,495	3,960	4,535	25	15	15
70 to 74 years	6,065	2,800	3,265	25	15	10
75 to 79 years	4,635	2,050	2,585	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	3,520	1,535	1,985	10	5	5
85 years and over	3,640	1,215	2,425	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	2,250	825	1,425	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	1,115	315	800	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	235	60	180	0	0	0
100 years and over	35	15	25	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.6	15.8	21.5	18.4	25.0
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.6	66.1	63.4	63.3	61.4
65 years and over	16.5	14.9	18.1	15.1	16.3	15.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	40.9	39.7	42.0	39.4	39.8	39.0
Median age of the population	41.2	39.8	42.5	38.7	38.9	38.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
Single-detached house	34,790	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,145	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	20,655	...	...	15	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,285	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	5,650	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,430	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,145	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
1 person	16,260	...	...	45	...	...
2 persons	20,745	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	10,800	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	9,225	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5,570	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	157,630	...	...	465	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	132,890	64,130	68,755	365	190	170
Married or living common law	71,385	35,625	35,760	255	130	125
Married	57,025	28,455	28,570	145	70	75
Living common law	14,360	7,170	7,190	110	55	55
Not married and not living common law	61,505	28,505	33,000	110	65	45
Never married	38,535	20,780	17,750	80	55	25
Separated	5,270	2,220	3,050	0	0	0
Divorced	9,600	3,785	5,815	20	10	10
Widowed	8,100	1,720	6,380	10	5	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	45,445	...	...	140	...	...
2 persons	22,675	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	10,665	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	8,555	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	3,550	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	45,445	...	...	140	...	...
Total couple families	35,085	...	...	125	...	...
Married couples	27,915	...	...	75	...	...
Common-law couples	7,180	...	...	55	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	10,360	...	...	15	...	...
Female parent	8,300	...	...	10	...	...
Male parent	2,060	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	35,090	...	...	130	...	...
Couples without children	16,380	...	...	70	...	...
Couples with children	18,710	...	...	65	...	...
1 child	7,750	...	...	25	...	...
2 children	7,680	...	...	25	...	...
3 or more children	3,280	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	10,360	...	...	15	...	...
1 child	6,295	...	...	0	...	...
2 children	2,920	...	...	0	...	...
3 or more children	1,145	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,210	13,310	13,895	55	35	15
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
One-census-family households	41,885	...	...	140	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	15,030	...	...	65	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	26,855	...	...	70	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,745	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	18,970	...	...	50	...	...
One-person households	16,260	...	...	45	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,705	...	...	5	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	158,005	77,360	80,645	465	245	225
English only	146,650	72,500	74,150	0	0	0
French only	140	65	75	325	155	160
English and French	10,225	4,410	5,815	145	85	55
Neither English nor French	990	380	610	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	158,010	77,360	80,645	465	240	220
English	153,690	75,405	78,285	10	0	5
French	2,910	1,395	1,515	455	240	220
English and French	460	200	255	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	950	360	585	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	3,135	1,495	1,645	10	5	5
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	158,005	77,355	80,650	465	245	220
Single responses	155,615	76,200	79,420	465	245	225
Official languages	137,000	67,330	69,675	460	245	220
English	134,000	65,890	68,110	10	0	5
French	3,000	1,435	1,565	450	235	210
Non-official languages	18,615	8,870	9,745	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,595	8,865	9,730	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	935	505	430	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	905	490	415	0	0	0
Amharic	30	15	10	0	0	0
Arabic	725	415	315	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	115	45	70	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	105	125	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	205	95	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,015	375	635	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	10	25	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	35	10	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	875	320	555	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	75	40	35	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	920	455	460	0	0	0
Kannada	15	5	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	110	55	55	0	0	0
Tamil	745	375	375	0	0	0
Telugu	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	12,925	6,195	6,725	0	0	0
Albanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Armenian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,680	1,645	2,035	0	0	0
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	3,625	1,620	2,010	0	0	0
Belarusan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Croatian	175	90	85	0	0	0
Czech	45	25	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	205	105	100	0	0	0
Polish	1,795	785	1,010	0	0	0
Russian	330	135	190	0	0	0
Serbian	175	90	80	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slovak	85	25	60	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	90	45	45	0	0	0
Ukrainian	650	270	380	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,545	695	855	0	0	0
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0	0	0
Danish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	545	255	285	0	0	0
Frisian	15	5	5	0	0	0
German	865	370	495	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	430	215	215	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,125	1,610	1,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,455	1,260	1,195	0	0	0
Bengali	210	105	105	0	0	0
Gujarati	425	205	220	0	0	0
Hindi	230	125	105	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	305	165	140	0	0	0
Sindhi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	35	45	0	0	0
Urdu	1,160	605	555	0	0	0
Iranian languages	655	345	315	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	75	45	35	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	560	290	270	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,055	1,990	2,060	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,520	795	725	0	0	0
Portuguese	975	485	490	0	0	0
Romanian	225	95	130	0	0	0
Spanish	1,330	610	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	150	70	75	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	225	115	110	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	30	15	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	35	15	20	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	5	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	15	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,400	645	755	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,390	640	750	0	0	0
Cantonese	555	255	300	0	0	0
Hakka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	720	335	380	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	30	0	0	0
Lao	30	15	20	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	70	40	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	40	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	510	245	260	0	0	0
Estonian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	430	210	215	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,390	1,160	1,230	0	5	0
English and French	515	255	260	0	5	0
English and non-official language	1,755	855	895	0	0	0
French and non-official language	80	30	45	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	20	25	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	158,005	77,360	80,645	465	240	225
Single responses	153,560	75,220	78,340	465	245	225
Official languages	145,835	71,570	74,265	465	245	225
English	144,720	71,030	73,690	5	5	0
French	1,115	540	580	460	235	220
Non-official languages	7,730	3,650	4,075	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,730	3,650	4,080	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	235	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	230	200	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	395	210	185	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	20	5	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	70	80	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	135	65	75	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	310	135	175	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	125	160	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	580	275	305	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	80	40	35	0	0	0
Tamil	485	225	260	0	0	0
Telugu	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,280	2,630	0	0	0
Albanian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,405	620	780	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,395	620	780	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Polish	780	365	415	0	0	0
Russian	165	70	100	0	0	0
Serbian	95	45	55	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	175	65	115	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	40	65	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	75	30	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	130	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,720	845	870	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,355	675	680	0	0	0
Bengali	120	60	60	0	0	0
Gujarati	205	100	105	0	0	0
Hindi	120	60	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	95	80	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Urdu	695	340	355	0	0	0
Iranian languages	365	170	195	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	40	20	20	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	315	145	165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	695	830	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	430	190	245	0	0	0
Portuguese	400	185	215	0	0	0
Romanian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Spanish	610	285	330	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	90	45	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	80	45	35	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	20	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	905	445	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages	905	445	460	0	0	0
Cantonese	350	165	185	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	500	250	250	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	15	5	10	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	55	50	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,445	2,135	2,305	0	0	0
English and French	405	170	230	0	0	0
English and non-official language	3,905	1,900	2,005	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	100	50	55	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	158,005	77,360	80,650	465	240	220
None	145,450	71,510	73,940	430	225	210
English	4,080	2,010	2,070	25	10	15
French	1,800	725	1,080	5	5	0
Non-official language	6,435	3,025	3,415	0	0	0
Aboriginal	30	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,410	3,010	3,400	0	0	0
English and French	35	10	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	110	50	55	0	0	0
French and non-official language	100	35	60	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	131,115	63,485	67,625	365	195	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	124,955	60,595	64,360	360	190	165
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,492	41,242	27,579	33,280	36,224	29,376
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	125,000	60,595	64,400	355	190	165
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,538	36,701	25,679	29,517	32,128	26,069
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	108,970	54,210	54,760	325	180	145
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,057	40,541	24,781	26,496	29,888	24,256
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,450	41,740	51,705	300	155	140
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,218	3,813	7,203	7,168	6,800	7,632
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	91,675	47,865	43,805	275	155	120
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,111	37,893	27,382	28,032	32,320	24,512
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	131,115	63,485	67,625	350	175	175
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	124,845	60,510	64,340	350	180	175
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,552	50,274	35,289	33,404	36,085	30,681
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	124,890	60,510	64,380	350	175	170
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,875	41,483	30,604	29,330	31,514	27,111
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	108,840	54,070	54,765	320	165	155
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,878	50,643	33,224	28,111	31,060	24,980
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,365	41,705	51,660	310	150	155
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,083	7,286	8,726	8,556	8,090	8,997
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	91,670	47,805	43,870	255	130	130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,964	46,938	34,454	29,515	33,302	25,652
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	131,110	63,490	67,625	345	175	175
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	42,895	24,035	18,860	115	65	55
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,881	59,508	47,683	39,645	41,850	34,887
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,469	68,287	52,779	39,740	42,162	36,949
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.7	89.8	80.2	80.7	82.3	75.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.4	73.7	66.1	69.1	70.9	65.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.3	10.2	19.8	19.9	17.4	23.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	131,110	63,490	67,625	365	195	170
Without total income	6,160	2,895	3,265	5	5	5
With total income	124,950	60,590	64,360	360	190	165
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.4	95.2	98.6	97.4	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	18,190	8,015	10,175	35	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	21,940	8,405	13,540	65	30	30
$20,000 to $29,999	17,260	6,495	10,765	60	30	30
$30,000 to $39,999	14,370	6,480	7,890	65	40	20
$40,000 to $49,999	13,855	7,070	6,785	55	35	20
$50,000 to $59,999	10,670	5,775	4,895	30	20	10
$60,000 to $69,999	7,540	4,435	3,105	15	15	5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,825	3,640	2,185	15	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	4,540	2,825	1,715	10	5	10
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	2,095	1,345	5	5	5
$100,000 and over	7,335	5,370	1,960	0	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,545	3,970	1,575	0	5	0
$150,000 and over	1,790	1,400	390	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	131,110	63,490	67,625	365	195	175
Without after-tax income	6,115	2,890	3,220	10	5	5
With after-tax income	124,995	60,590	64,405	360	190	165
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.2	98.6	97.4	94.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	18,675	8,120	10,555	35	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	22,940	8,800	14,135	65	30	35
$20,000 to $29,999	19,940	7,805	12,135	80	40	40
$30,000 to $39,999	17,940	8,615	9,325	75	50	20
$40,000 to $49,999	15,600	8,295	7,305	45	25	20
$50,000 to $59,999	10,285	5,995	4,290	25	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	7,245	4,555	2,695	15	0	10
$70,000 to $79,999	5,005	3,095	1,915	5	5	0
$80,000 and over	7,360	5,320	2,045	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,990	1,990	995	0	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,580	1,155	425	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	2,795	2,165	625	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	131,115	63,485	67,625	365	195	170
Without employment income	39,440	15,620	23,820	90	35	50
With employment income	91,675	47,865	43,810	280	155	120
Percentage with employment income	69.9	75.4	64.8	76.7	79.5	70.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,605	8,450	7,155	45	25	15
$5,000 to $9,999	6,970	2,985	3,985	20	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	11,620	4,925	6,700	45	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	9,710	4,260	5,445	35	20	20
$30,000 to $39,999	9,055	4,170	4,880	40	30	10
$40,000 to $49,999	8,650	4,280	4,370	40	30	15
$50,000 to $59,999	7,320	3,965	3,350	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,540	3,280	2,260	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,660	2,965	1,695	15	0	10
$80,000 and over	12,550	8,580	3,970	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,750	2,315	1,430	5	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,915	1,790	1,125	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	5,885	4,470	1,410	0	5	0
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,211	...	...	56,960	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,873	...	...	51,712	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,260	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,067	...	...	31,168	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,399	...	...	28,096	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	46,340	...	...	145	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,155	...	...	68,096	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,795	...	...	59,776	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	62,595	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	84,871	...	...	62,402	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,579	...	...	54,791	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,255	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,849	...	...	27,233	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,764	...	...	24,380	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	46,335	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,914	...	...	74,022	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,444	...	...	64,839	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
Under $5,000	675	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	705	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,820	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,160	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,615	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,420	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,550	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,810	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,660	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,325	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,900	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,445	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,110	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,705	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,145	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,030	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,660	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,690	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,765	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
Under $5,000	715	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	710	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,850	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,255	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,905	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,740	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,975	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,245	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,265	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,255	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,260	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,685	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,055	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,490	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,570	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,615	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,325	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,565	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,725	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	44,425	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,822	...	...	67,328	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,402	...	...	59,648	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	14,545	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,534	...	...	55,872	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,990	...	...	48,512	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	18,970	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,111	...	...	98,176	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,650	...	...	80,640	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,445	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,379	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,622	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	44,420	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,829	...	...	73,932	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,229	...	...	64,762	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	14,470	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,666	...	...	57,171	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,392	...	...	51,381	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	19,060	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,431	...	...	105,030	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,362	...	...	89,333	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,440	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,408	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,412	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	22,990	11,540	11,450	50	35	15
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,234	36,001	29,782	32,192	33,152	0
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,410	32,183	27,552	28,160	29,760	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	22,930	11,510	11,420	55	25	25
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,225	43,350	37,074	28,638	0	0
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,160	36,134	32,170	25,542	0	0
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	157,630	77,115	80,520	465	240	220
In the bottom half of the distribution	81,010	38,350	42,655	300	160	140
In the bottom decile	16,760	8,110	8,655	45	25	20
In the second decile	15,210	6,670	8,540	40	20	15
In the third decile	15,425	7,225	8,200	85	50	40
In the fourth decile	16,555	7,930	8,630	80	40	40
In the fifth decile	17,060	8,420	8,635	60	35	25
In the top half of the distribution	76,620	38,760	37,865	160	85	80
In the sixth decile	16,755	8,425	8,330	60	25	30
In the seventh decile	16,720	8,390	8,330	50	25	25
In the eighth decile	17,105	8,615	8,490	35	20	20
In the ninth decile	15,940	8,115	7,825	20	10	10
In the top decile	10,100	5,210	4,890	5	5	5
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	157,630	77,115	80,515	465	245	220
0 to 17 years	31,900	16,345	15,560	115	60	60
0 to 5 years	10,605	5,475	5,135	30	15	10
18 to 64 years	100,655	49,545	51,110	280	150	130
65 years and over	25,075	11,225	13,855	70	35	35
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	22,890	10,495	12,405	65	35	30
0 to 17 years	6,620	3,390	3,230	20	15	10
0 to 5 years	2,390	1,225	1,160	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	13,860	6,330	7,530	30	15	15
65 years and over	2,415	775	1,640	15	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5	13.6	15.4	14.0	14.3	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.7	20.8	17.4	25.0	16.7
0 to 5 years (%)	22.5	22.4	22.6	33.3	33.3	50.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	12.8	14.7	10.7	10.0	11.5
65 years and over (%)	9.6	6.9	11.8	21.4	28.6	28.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	13,665	6,785	6,880	15	10	5
0 to 17 years	3,395	1,780	1,610	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,265	680	585	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	9,735	4,795	4,945	10	10	5
65 years and over	540	210	325	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.8	8.5	3.2	4.1	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6	10.9	10.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	12.4	11.4	16.7	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.7	9.7	3.6	6.7	3.8
65 years and over (%)	2.2	1.9	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	157,630	77,110	80,520	445	225	225
Official languages	156,640	76,730	79,915	445	225	225
English	156,510	76,675	79,835	90	55	35
French	10,300	4,540	5,765	445	225	220
Non-official languages	23,330	11,240	12,095	10	0	10
Aboriginal languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	30	0	20	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	15	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	23,290	11,220	12,070	10	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,235	675	555	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	35	15	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,180	655	525	0	0	0
Amharic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Arabic	950	545	400	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0	0	0
Maltese	125	55	70	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	260	110	145	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Vietnamese	225	100	125	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,355	530	835	0	0	0
Bikol	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	60	30	30	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	75	25	45	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,245	490	755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	50	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,170	585	585	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tamil	1,020	530	490	0	0	0
Telugu	65	30	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	16,165	7,825	8,340	10	0	0
Albanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,255	1,990	2,265	0	0	0
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Latvian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	4,220	1,970	2,245	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Croatian	325	155	170	0	0	0
Czech	100	60	40	0	0	0
Macedonian	250	145	105	0	0	0
Polish	1,880	840	1,040	0	0	0
Russian	555	235	315	0	0	0
Serbian	365	190	175	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	855	370	490	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	65	25	40	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	40	20	25	0	0	0
Welsh	15	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,010	865	1,145	0	0	0
Afrikaans	100	40	65	0	0	0
Danish	55	15	35	0	0	0
Dutch	535	215	320	0	0	0
Frisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
German	1,265	560	705	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Swedish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	600	300	295	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,875	2,010	1,870	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,305	1,695	1,610	0	0	0
Bengali	240	130	115	0	0	0
Gujarati	590	295	290	0	0	0
Hindi	935	480	455	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	25	10	10	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	650	360	290	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	215	85	130	0	0	0
Urdu	1,635	835	800	0	0	0
Iranian languages	625	335	290	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	75	40	35	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	560	295	260	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,690	2,845	2,850	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,215	1,210	1,005	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,145	565	580	0	0	0
Romanian	370	175	200	0	0	0
Spanish	2,125	985	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	120	55	65	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	480	220	260	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	80	35	40	0	0	0
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ga	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	15	0	0	0
Lingala	25	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	15	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swahili	60	20	35	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	330	125	210	0	0	0
American Sign Language	205	55	145	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,680	810	870	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,680	810	870	0	0	0
Cantonese	775	335	440	0	0	0
Hakka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	985	470	510	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	50	35	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	40	35	0	0	0
Lao	50	20	25	0	0	0
Thai	35	25	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	45	20	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	45	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	540	285	255	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	55	30	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	465	245	215	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	157,630	77,115	80,515	445	225	220
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	152,140	74,440	77,700	445	225	225
Canadian citizens aged under 18	31,380	16,060	15,320	100	50	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	120,760	58,375	62,380	340	170	165
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	5,490	2,675	2,815	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	157,630	77,115	80,515	445	220	225
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	129,685	63,795	65,890	445	225	225
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	26,975	12,755	14,220	0	0	0
Before 1981	11,925	5,640	6,285	0	0	0
1981 to 1990	3,765	1,800	1,970	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	4,290	2,035	2,260	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	5,035	2,380	2,655	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	2,620	1,265	1,350	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	2,420	1,115	1,305	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,950	905	1,050	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	970	560	410	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	26,975	12,760	14,215	0	0	0
Under 5 years	3,060	1,625	1,440	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	5,690	2,775	2,915	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	6,840	3,110	3,730	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	9,850	4,610	5,240	0	0	0
45 years and over	1,535	640	895	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	26,970	12,760	14,220	0	0	0
Americas	6,260	2,800	3,465	0	0	0
Brazil	145	50	90	0	0	0
Colombia	75	40	40	0	0	0
El Salvador	130	70	55	0	0	0
Guyana	965	445	520	0	0	0
Haiti	50	25	25	0	0	0
Jamaica	1,760	755	1,005	0	0	0
Mexico	110	40	75	0	0	0
Peru	40	20	25	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	910	490	425	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	850	310	545	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,215	555	655	0	0	0
Europe	12,225	5,870	6,355	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	75	40	0	0	0
Croatia	235	105	125	0	0	0
France	105	55	55	0	0	0
Germany	870	430	440	0	0	0
Greece	290	145	140	0	0	0
Hungary	280	165	115	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	250	120	135	0	0	0
Italy	1,060	600	465	0	0	0
Netherlands	485	220	265	0	0	0
Poland	1,205	530	670	0	0	0
Portugal	595	300	295	0	0	0
Romania	310	155	160	0	0	0
Russian Federation	190	95	100	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	160	70	90	0	0	0
Ukraine	285	110	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,745	2,220	2,525	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,020	465	555	0	0	0
Africa	1,295	665	630	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	205	115	95	0	0	0
Ethiopia	60	25	30	0	0	0
Kenya	60	25	30	0	0	0
Morocco	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	130	60	65	0	0	0
Somalia	20	10	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	190	100	90	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	620	315	305	0	0	0
Asia	7,105	3,370	3,735	0	0	0
Afghanistan	270	130	135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	185	100	85	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	860	380	485	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	145	50	95	0	0	0
India	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	160	90	70	0	0	0
Iraq	55	25	35	0	0	0
Japan	35	10	25	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	85	35	50	0	0	0
Lebanon	85	50	30	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,015	530	480	0	0	0
Philippines	1,330	540	785	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	795	395	400	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	50	15	30	0	0	0
Viet Nam	170	75	100	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	720	380	335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	90	55	35	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,950	905	1,045	0	0	0
Americas	450	220	230	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	25	10	15	0	0	0
Haiti	30	15	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	65	40	25	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	105	50	55	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	195	95	95	0	0	0
Europe	240	115	120	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	20	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	75	45	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	40	60	0	0	0
Africa	200	100	105	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	80	40	40	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	15	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	45	0	0	0
Asia	1,045	455	590	0	0	0
Afghanistan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	150	60	95	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	230	95	130	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Iraq	20	10	10	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	160	75	85	0	0	0
Philippines	195	70	125	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	45	25	15	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	80	35	40	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	157,630	77,115	80,520	445	220	220
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	28,375	13,555	14,820	0	0	0
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	34,010	17,165	16,850	0	0	0
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	95,240	46,395	48,850	440	225	220
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	15,435	7,295	8,140	0	0	0
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	6,445	3,220	3,225	0	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,490	1,530	955	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,960	1,690	2,270	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,185	2,565	3,620	0	0	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,605	1,415	1,195	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	195	90	110	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	157,630	77,115	80,520	445	225	225
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,645	2,175	2,475	15	10	10
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	4,460	2,070	2,390	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,695	1,265	1,430	15	0	10
Métis	1,665	760	910	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	100	45	55	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	95	50	45	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	90	50	40	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	152,990	74,940	78,045	425	215	210
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	157,630	77,110	80,515	445	225	225
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,280	640	635	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	156,355	76,470	79,880	445	225	220
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	157,630	77,110	80,515	450	225	220
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	740	320	420	20	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	710	320	395	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	445	200	245	20	10	10
Métis single ancestry	255	120	135	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	0	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	0	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	6,515	3,035	3,480	15	10	10
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	6,335	2,960	3,375	20	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,955	2,310	2,640	10	10	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,300	610	695	10	10	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	45	40	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	175	70	105	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	170	65	105	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	150,375	73,760	76,615	415	205	205
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	157,630	77,115	80,520	445	225	225
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	25,245	12,585	12,660	0	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	6,035	3,190	2,850	0	0	0
Chinese	2,185	1,065	1,120	0	0	0
Black	8,715	4,160	4,555	0	10	0
Filipino	2,105	1,000	1,100	0	0	0
Latin American	1,260	585	675	0	0	0
Arab	975	555	410	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	495	245	250	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	600	315	290	0	0	0
Korean	150	80	70	0	0	0
Japanese	260	130	130	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,250	660	590	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,210	595	615	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	132,385	64,525	67,860	445	220	220
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	157,630	77,110	80,515	445	225	225
North American Aboriginal origins	7,260	3,355	3,905	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,605	2,580	3,025	25	10	10
Inuit	110	50	60	0	0	0
Métis	1,750	795	950	10	0	10
Other North American origins	54,580	26,630	27,950	365	185	180
Acadian	270	140	130	0	0	0
American	1,925	830	1,095	0	0	0
Canadian	52,905	25,880	27,020	340	175	170
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	325	135	190	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	25	15	0	0	0
Québécois	110	75	35	25	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	111,880	54,275	57,605	125	60	65
British Isles origins	81,265	38,980	42,285	35	15	20
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	47,790	22,685	25,110	0	0	0
Irish	34,265	15,995	18,275	20	10	10
Manx	35	10	20	0	0	0
Scottish	33,940	16,315	17,620	10	10	10
Welsh	3,455	1,610	1,850	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	4,975	2,245	2,725	0	0	0
French origins	16,540	7,720	8,820	120	50	65
Alsatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	16,535	7,720	8,810	120	55	65
Western European origins (except French origins)	20,715	9,895	10,825	0	0	0
Austrian	915	460	455	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	520	245	270	0	0	0
Dutch	7,310	3,470	3,835	0	0	0
Flemish	20	15	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	13,170	6,300	6,875	0	0	0
Luxembourger	20	0	15	0	0	0
Swiss	410	205	205	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,950	1,365	1,590	0	0	0
Danish	725	350	370	0	0	0
Finnish	650	275	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	110	50	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	755	370	390	0	0	0
Swedish	815	360	450	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	140	70	70	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	16,295	7,910	8,380	15	10	0
Bulgarian	125	70	55	0	0	0
Byelorussian	100	45	50	0	0	0
Czech	425	220	205	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	140	50	85	0	0	0
Estonian	125	75	55	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,060	1,070	990	0	0	0
Latvian	160	95	70	0	0	0
Lithuanian	260	100	160	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	6,425	3,140	3,285	10	10	0
Romanian	745	355	390	0	0	0
Russian	1,495	710	785	0	0	0
Slovak	375	175	190	0	0	0
Ukrainian	6,190	2,990	3,195	10	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	45	20	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins	17,360	8,745	8,610	0	0	0
Albanian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	100	70	35	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	600	300	300	0	0	0
Cypriot	55	10	50	0	0	0
Greek	1,560	765	790	0	0	0
Italian	8,705	4,560	4,140	0	0	0
Kosovar	20	0	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	585	320	270	0	0	0
Maltese	945	445	500	0	0	0
Montenegrin	25	10	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,915	1,445	1,475	0	0	0
Serbian	455	245	215	0	0	0
Sicilian	65	60	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	245	120	125	0	0	0
Spanish	2,050	865	1,180	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	190	110	75	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	780	425	350	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	340	195	140	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	340	185	155	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	8,030	3,810	4,215	0	0	0
Antiguan	35	10	25	0	0	0
Bahamian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Barbadian	495	225	270	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Carib	95	25	65	0	0	0
Cuban	150	85	60	0	0	0
Dominican	125	45	80	0	0	0
Grenadian	165	65	105	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	55	55	0	0	0
Jamaican	4,740	2,235	2,505	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	115	50	70	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,480	755	730	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	325	160	165	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	950	400	550	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	175	100	75	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,050	1,450	1,600	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	165	95	65	0	0	0
Arawak	15	10	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	170	70	105	0	0	0
Chilean	165	80	85	0	0	0
Colombian	145	80	65	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	165	90	75	0	0	0
Guatemalan	110	65	45	0	0	0
Guyanese	1,320	610	710	0	0	0
Hispanic	45	25	20	0	0	0
Honduran	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maya	25	20	10	0	0	0
Mexican	305	145	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	90	55	30	0	0	0
Salvadorean	145	85	60	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	95	35	65	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	125	40	85	0	0	0
African origins	3,480	1,725	1,750	10	0	0
Central and West African origins	650	330	325	0	10	0
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	90	45	50	10	10	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	60	40	25	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	150	60	85	0	0	0
Guinean	45	35	10	0	0	0
Ibo	40	30	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	150	65	90	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	45	30	15	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	10	20	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	55	35	20	0	0	0
North African origins	355	195	160	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	280	140	145	0	0	0
Libyan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	45	40	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	675	330	345	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ethiopian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	15	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	75	35	40	0	0	0
South African	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tanzanian	40	30	15	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	40	15	20	0	0	0
Zambian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	65	40	20	0	0	0
Zulu	20	15	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	110	40	70	0	0	0
Other African origins	1,840	895	940	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	350	150	195	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	1,500	745	760	0	0	0
Asian origins	15,225	7,680	7,550	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,360	1,240	1,120	0	0	0
Afghan	520	275	245	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	305	155	155	0	0	0
Armenian	125	50	80	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	275	135	135	0	0	0
Iraqi	75	30	45	0	0	0
Israeli	115	75	40	0	0	0
Jordanian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	290	135	160	0	0	0
Palestinian	170	120	50	0	0	0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	150	95	55	0	0	0
Syrian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Tajik	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tatar	10	10	10	0	0	0
Turk	195	105	90	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	45	35	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins	6,870	3,595	3,280	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	155	90	65	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	4,340	2,270	2,075	0	0	0
Goan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	35	25	10	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,175	620	555	0	0	0
Punjabi	95	55	45	0	0	0
Sinhalese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	980	525	455	0	0	0
Tamil	270	135	135	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	450	210	240	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,375	3,035	3,340	0	0	0
Burmese	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	55	20	0	0	0
Chinese	3,275	1,550	1,725	0	0	0
Filipino	2,310	1,065	1,240	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	120	55	65	0	0	0
Japanese	400	210	190	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	180	95	80	0	0	0
Laotian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	80	55	25	0	0	0
Mongolian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	0	15	0	0	0
Thai	60	40	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	265	115	145	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	55	35	25	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	60	35	25	0	0	0
Oceania origins	270	155	120	0	0	0
Australian	190	110	80	0	0	0
New Zealander	45	15	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	40	30	10	0	0	0
Fijian	35	30	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	62,595	...	...	185	...	...
Owner	42,875	...	...	165	...	...
Renter	19,720	...	...	25	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	62,595	...	...	185	...	...
Condominium	3,835	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	58,755	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	5,945	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,455	...	...	40	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,850	...	...	55	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,115	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	62,595	...	...	185	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,385	...	...	35	...	...
5 rooms	9,170	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	11,020	...	...	25	...	...
7 rooms	10,345	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,680	...	...	60	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
One person or fewer per room	62,000	...	...	190	...	...
More than 1 person per room	595	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
Suitable	59,840	...	...	185	...	...
Not suitable	2,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
1960 or before	16,350	...	...	90	...	...
1961 to 1980	22,835	...	...	45	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,810	...	...	25	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,045	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,220	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,925	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,400	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	62,595	...	...	185	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	58,045	...	...	180	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,555	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
1 household maintainer	37,330	...	...	115	...	...
2 household maintainers	23,455	...	...	70	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,810	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	62,595	...	...	190	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,360	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,295	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,470	...	...	40	...	...
45 to 54 years	13,460	...	...	20	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,695	...	...	65	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,960	...	...	25	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,295	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	2,055	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	62,545	...	...	185	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,970	...	...	165	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	18,575	...	...	25	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,750	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,850	...	...	160	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.3	...	...	48.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,396	...	...	569	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,423	...	...	614	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	370,343	...	...	125,046	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	397,934	...	...	133,999	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,720	...	...	20	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	50.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,015	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,070	...	...	0	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	131,110	63,490	67,625	350	175	175
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,395	13,585	12,810	75	50	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	42,195	20,775	21,420	85	50	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,525	29,125	33,395	185	75	115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,530	6,795	2,740	75	50	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,480	2,695	1,785	40	20	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,055	4,100	955	30	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	33,305	13,865	19,440	60	15	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,910	795	1,110	30	10	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,775	7,675	10,105	25	10	15
Bachelor's degree	13,145	5,470	7,675	25	10	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,255	500	755	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	130	140	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,780	1,355	1,425	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	320	215	110	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	86,260	42,065	44,195	250	125	120
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,900	6,305	4,595	45	40	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	26,815	13,780	13,035	40	20	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,545	21,975	26,565	160	60	100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,490	4,580	1,905	70	40	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,130	1,905	1,225	40	20	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,360	2,680	680	25	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	26,430	11,040	15,390	45	10	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,375	540	835	25	0	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	14,245	5,815	8,430	20	10	15
Bachelor's degree	10,470	4,155	6,315	20	0	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,015	375	640	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	80	120	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,320	1,060	1,260	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	245	140	105	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	131,110	63,490	67,625	350	175	170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	68,590	34,360	34,225	165	105	65
Education	3,345	875	2,470	20	0	20
13. Education	3,350	875	2,470	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,460	1,210	1,250	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	575	455	115	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,890	755	1,135	0	0	0
Humanities	2,695	1,000	1,695	15	0	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	180	35	140	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	710	195	515	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	205	475	10	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	95	70	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	165	145	0	0	0
54. History	525	285	235	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	110	0	105	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,060	2,100	5,960	15	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	75	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	970	385	580	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,820	170	1,650	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,795	345	1,450	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	175	20	160	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,130	205	925	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,085	965	1,120	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	12,555	4,305	8,250	40	10	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	0	35	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,220	175	1,050	10	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,285	4,125	7,160	35	10	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,465	790	670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	605	275	330	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	165	160	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	10	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	405	295	110	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	45	50	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,375	1,545	825	10	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,005	1,395	605	0	0	10
25. Library science	125	20	105	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	115	115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,565	12,620	945	50	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	320	230	90	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,770	1,515	255	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,240	2,905	330	10	10	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,270	3,210	65	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,225	3,140	75	10	0	0
48. Precision production	1,750	1,615	130	25	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	815	505	310	20	15	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	490	290	200	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	220	105	10	10	0
Health and related fields	10,270	1,640	8,630	15	0	15
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	930	500	430	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	9,275	1,100	8,175	20	0	20
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	40	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,915	2,535	2,385	0	0	0
12. Personal and culinary services	2,450	670	1,785	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,775	1,210	560	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	680	640	45	0	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	86,260	42,060	44,195	250	125	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	37,715	20,090	17,630	90	65	20
Education	2,445	595	1,850	15	0	20
13. Education	2,445	595	1,850	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,930	965	960	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	405	330	70	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,525	635	890	0	0	0
Humanities	2,015	675	1,340	10	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	140	10	130	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	535	130	405	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	485	145	345	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	60	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	110	110	0	0	0
54. History	410	215	195	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	90	10	85	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,590	1,610	4,985	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	45	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	815	340	475	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,485	120	1,365	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,565	270	1,300	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	145	15	130	0	0	0
42. Psychology	860	120	740	0	0	10
45. Social sciences	1,655	735	925	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	10,015	3,355	6,665	35	0	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	10	30	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	980	145	835	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,995	3,205	5,795	35	0	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	195	270	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	115	135	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	0	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	310	215	95	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	30	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,080	1,385	695	0	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,785	1,255	525	0	0	0
25. Library science	90	15	80	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	100	90	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,935	9,195	745	45	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	240	175	65	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,305	1,100	205	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,510	2,245	260	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,385	2,325	55	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,310	2,250	60	10	10	0
48. Precision production	1,190	1,090	100	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	680	400	280	10	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	375	200	175	0	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	195	105	10	10	0
Health and related fields	7,885	1,240	6,645	15	0	15
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	750	395	360	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	7,100	835	6,265	20	0	15
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	35	15	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,840	2,005	1,840	0	0	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,825	455	1,370	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,435	985	450	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	555	20	0	0	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	131,110	63,485	67,625	350	180	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,590	34,360	34,230	165	100	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	62,520	29,130	33,395	185	75	115
Location of study inside Canada	54,900	25,275	29,625	185	75	110
Same as province or territory of residence	51,875	23,755	28,125	170	70	100
Different than province or territory of residence	3,020	1,515	1,505	15	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,625	3,855	3,770	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,230	635	600	0	0	0
Philippines	610	215	395	0	0	0
India	555	255	295	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,250	770	480	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	330	160	170	0	0	0
France	50	25	20	0	0	0
Other	3,595	1,785	1,805	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	86,260	42,065	44,190	250	125	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,715	20,090	17,630	85	65	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	48,540	21,975	26,565	160	60	100
Location of study inside Canada	43,215	19,480	23,735	160	60	100
Same as province or territory of residence	40,970	18,375	22,590	150	55	85
Different than province or territory of residence	2,250	1,105	1,145	15	10	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,325	2,495	2,830	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,005	475	535	0	0	0
Philippines	500	175	320	0	0	0
India	450	210	240	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	445	260	180	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	300	140	160	0	0	0
France	35	25	10	0	0	0
Other	2,590	1,205	1,385	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	131,110	63,490	67,625	350	175	175
In the labour force	81,425	41,840	39,585	210	115	95
Employed	73,470	37,550	35,920	195	105	90
Unemployed	7,955	4,295	3,660	15	10	0
Not in the labour force	49,685	21,645	28,040	140	60	75
Participation rate	62.1	65.9	58.5	60.0	65.7	54.3
Employment rate	56.0	59.1	53.1	55.7	60.0	51.4
Unemployment rate	9.8	10.3	9.2	7.1	8.7	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	131,110	63,485	67,625	350	175	175
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	48,315	20,775	27,540	115	55	60
Worked	82,795	42,715	40,090	235	125	110
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	43,840	24,680	19,160	110	60	50
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	38,955	18,030	20,925	120	65	60
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.7	42.7	40.7	42.1	39.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	81,425	41,840	39,585	210	115	95
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,590	1,190	1,400	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	78,840	40,650	38,185	205	110	95
Employee	71,875	36,170	35,705	190	100	90
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,965	4,475	2,485	20	10	0
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	81,425	41,835	39,585	210	115	95
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,590	1,190	1,400	0	10	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	78,840	40,650	38,185	210	110	95
0 Management occupations	7,250	4,270	2,980	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,775	3,235	8,540	30	0	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,000	3,200	800	0	10	0
3 Health occupations	4,745	680	4,065	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,565	2,520	6,050	35	10	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,895	855	1,040	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	21,175	8,850	12,325	50	25	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,790	12,830	960	45	45	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	940	790	145	20	25	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,690	3,415	1,275	0	0	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	81,430	41,840	39,585	210	115	95
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,590	1,190	1,400	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	78,840	40,650	38,190	205	110	95
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	145	95	30	25	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	70	30	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,415	1,050	365	0	0	0
23 Construction	6,565	5,860	705	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	7,950	5,800	2,150	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,990	2,050	940	10	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	10,010	4,680	5,335	15	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,600	3,540	1,060	20	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,920	1,040	875	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,965	1,135	1,835	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,265	645	620	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,180	2,100	2,080	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	40	65	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,795	2,620	2,175	10	10	0
61 Educational services	5,890	1,825	4,065	20	0	20
62 Health care and social assistance	8,780	1,215	7,565	30	0	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,620	880	740	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	5,795	2,195	3,600	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,375	1,620	1,760	10	10	0
91 Public administration	4,280	2,145	2,135	20	10	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	73,470	37,545	35,925	195	105	95
Worked at home	3,815	1,835	1,980	20	0	10
Worked outside Canada	130	75	55	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	9,540	7,110	2,435	45	30	10
Worked at usual place	59,985	28,530	31,455	135	70	65
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	59,985	28,525	31,455	135	65	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	23,050	9,005	14,050	20	15	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,075	9,960	10,120	100	40	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	16,700	9,460	7,245	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	155	100	50	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	69,530	35,640	33,885	180	100	80
Car, truck, van - as a driver	54,100	28,760	25,345	155	85	70
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,950	2,420	2,525	0	0	0
Public transit	6,780	2,750	4,025	0	0	0
Walked	2,760	1,150	1,615	20	15	10
Bicycle	230	185	45	0	0	0
Other method	710	365	340	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	69,530	35,640	33,890	180	95	80
Less than 15 minutes	18,480	7,670	10,805	50	35	15
15 to 29 minutes	20,645	9,890	10,755	95	35	60
30 to 44 minutes	9,835	5,555	4,285	30	25	0
45 to 59 minutes	6,505	3,970	2,535	0	10	0
60 minutes and over	14,060	8,560	5,500	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	69,525	35,640	33,885	180	100	80
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,540	5,550	1,990	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,910	8,000	5,905	25	20	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,020	6,975	8,045	60	30	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,645	4,195	7,445	65	30	45
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,010	2,960	4,050	15	0	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	14,405	7,955	6,450	10	10	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	85,675	44,185	41,490	235	125	115
Single responses	85,060	43,915	41,145	225	110	115
Official languages	84,750	43,745	41,010	220	110	115
English	84,340	43,630	40,710	0	0	0
French	410	115	295	225	115	110
Non-official languages	310	170	135	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	310	170	140	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	15	15	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	150	85	65	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	20	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	20	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	40	25	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	60	45	0	0	0
Chinese languages	100	60	40	0	0	0
Cantonese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	45	20	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	615	275	345	10	10	0
English and French	365	145	215	10	10	0
English and non-official language	250	125	125	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	85,675	44,185	41,485	235	120	110
None	83,580	43,230	40,355	210	115	100
English	410	130	280	20	15	10
French	920	395	525	0	0	0
Non-official language	725	420	310	0	0	0
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	725	420	310	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	10	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	156,010	76,320	79,690	445	225	220
Non-movers	135,300	66,170	69,135	400	195	205
Movers	20,710	10,155	10,555	45	30	20
Non-migrants	10,680	5,140	5,535	10	10	0
Migrants	10,025	5,010	5,020	30	15	15
Internal migrants	9,420	4,715	4,700	35	20	20
Intraprovincial migrants	8,930	4,485	4,445	30	15	15
Interprovincial migrants	490	235	255	0	0	0
External migrants	610	290	325	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	148,875	72,700	76,175	440	220	220
Non-movers	89,695	43,800	45,905	315	160	155
Movers	59,175	28,905	30,275	125	60	65
Non-migrants	29,445	14,360	15,085	25	15	15
Migrants	29,730	14,545	15,190	100	45	50
Internal migrants	27,265	13,275	13,995	100	45	50
Intraprovincial migrants	26,095	12,700	13,395	95	45	50
Interprovincial migrants	1,170	575	595	0	0	0
External migrants	2,470	1,275	1,190	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oshawa, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oshawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec