Census Profile, 2016 Census
Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Laurent [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Peel, RM Ontario [Census division]			Saint-Laurent Quebec [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario Map : Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Saint-Laurent [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,381,739	...	...	98,828	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,296,809 ^r	...	...	93,842	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.5	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	443,918	...	...	39,771	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	430,180	...	...	37,378	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,108.1	...	...	2,300.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,246.95	...	...	42.96	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,381,740	678,700	703,040	98,830	47,805	51,020
0 to 14 years	253,525	130,595	122,930	19,775	10,190	9,585
0 to 4 years	76,315	39,040	37,275	6,995	3,650	3,340
5 to 9 years	87,260	44,865	42,400	6,900	3,525	3,380
10 to 14 years	89,945	46,690	43,260	5,875	3,015	2,865
15 to 64 years	951,395	466,930	484,470	63,240	31,005	32,240
15 to 19 years	97,155	50,810	46,340	5,695	2,915	2,775
20 to 24 years	100,655	52,375	48,280	5,935	2,985	2,950
25 to 29 years	90,540	45,250	45,295	5,970	2,870	3,095
30 to 34 years	91,240	43,370	47,870	7,040	3,295	3,745
35 to 39 years	93,395	43,135	50,260	7,515	3,625	3,890
40 to 44 years	96,990	45,595	51,395	7,345	3,620	3,725
45 to 49 years	103,465	49,675	53,790	6,990	3,505	3,480
50 to 54 years	108,240	53,440	54,795	6,355	3,205	3,150
55 to 59 years	94,150	46,560	47,595	5,670	2,770	2,900
60 to 64 years	75,560	36,720	38,845	4,730	2,215	2,515
65 years and over	176,820	81,175	95,640	15,815	6,610	9,200
65 to 69 years	62,410	29,810	32,600	4,405	1,970	2,430
70 to 74 years	43,800	20,835	22,965	3,410	1,490	1,915
75 to 79 years	31,105	14,480	16,625	2,960	1,265	1,695
80 to 84 years	20,830	9,205	11,625	2,385	955	1,435
85 years and over	18,665	6,845	11,825	2,650	930	1,720
85 to 89 years	12,110	4,885	7,225	1,700	635	1,060
90 to 94 years	5,145	1,620	3,530	735	245	485
95 to 99 years	1,215	295	920	195	40	155
100 years and over	200	45	150	30	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	19.2	17.5	20.0	21.3	18.8
15 to 64 years	68.9	68.8	68.9	64.0	64.9	63.2
65 years and over	12.8	12.0	13.6	16.0	13.8	18.0
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.7	2.7	1.9	3.4
Average age of the population	38.3	37.5	39.1	39.0	37.6	40.3
Median age of the population	38.1	37.0	39.1	38.3	37.2	39.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
Single-detached house	196,060	...	...	4,050	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	80,780	...	...	11,060	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	152,970	...	...	22,215	...	...
Semi-detached house	51,040	...	...	2,235	...	...
Row house	56,145	...	...	3,230	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	19,695	...	...	2,900	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,965	...	...	13,805	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	35	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	370	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
1 person	68,345	...	...	10,550	...	...
2 persons	104,345	...	...	10,180	...	...
3 persons	81,820	...	...	6,235	...	...
4 persons	94,060	...	...	6,325	...	...
5 or more persons	81,615	...	...	4,090	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,372,645	...	...	97,395	...	...
Average household size	3.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,128,210	548,105	580,110	79,055	37,615	41,440
Married or living common law	661,470	330,300	331,170	44,380	22,155	22,220
Married	613,325	306,245	307,075	39,285	19,590	19,695
Living common law	48,145	24,050	24,095	5,090	2,565	2,530
Not married and not living common law	466,745	217,805	248,940	34,675	15,460	19,215
Never married	335,565	178,520	157,045	23,270	12,290	10,980
Separated	28,025	10,895	17,130	1,580	605	980
Divorced	51,760	18,650	33,110	5,365	1,860	3,510
Widowed	51,395	9,740	41,655	4,460	710	3,750
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	386,185	...	...	26,215	...	...
2 persons	141,600	...	...	10,350	...	...
3 persons	95,025	...	...	6,235	...	...
4 persons	104,930	...	...	6,365	...	...
5 or more persons	44,630	...	...	3,265	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	386,185	...	...	26,215	...	...
Total couple families	320,520	...	...	21,415	...	...
Married couples	296,475	...	...	18,870	...	...
Common-law couples	24,045	...	...	2,540	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	65,660	...	...	4,800	...	...
Female parent	53,940	...	...	3,995	...	...
Male parent	11,725	...	...	805	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	320,520	...	...	21,415	...	...
Couples without children	104,775	...	...	7,510	...	...
Couples with children	215,750	...	...	13,900	...	...
1 child	75,015	...	...	4,860	...	...
2 children	98,465	...	...	5,915	...	...
3 or more children	42,270	...	...	3,120	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	65,665	...	...	4,805	...	...
1 child	36,825	...	...	2,840	...	...
2 children	20,005	...	...	1,370	...	...
3 or more children	8,830	...	...	595	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	148,295	67,280	81,015	15,060	6,875	8,185
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
One-census-family households	316,910	...	...	24,925	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	78,440	...	...	7,050	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	238,470	...	...	17,875	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	32,910	...	...	630	...	...
Non-census-family households	80,360	...	...	11,825	...	...
One-person households	68,345	...	...	10,550	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	12,015	...	...	1,275	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,375,800	676,520	699,280	98,355	47,680	50,670
English only	1,233,210	618,475	614,730	15,785	7,770	8,015
French only	1,155	490	660	19,645	8,645	10,995
English and French	86,395	37,055	49,345	58,290	29,350	28,940
Neither English nor French	55,040	20,500	34,535	4,635	1,915	2,720
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,375,800	676,520	699,280	98,355	47,680	50,670
English	1,295,375	644,520	650,855	32,250	16,020	16,235
French	13,760	6,225	7,535	45,850	21,840	24,010
English and French	12,440	5,670	6,770	15,710	7,960	7,750
Neither English nor French	54,225	20,100	34,120	4,540	1,865	2,675
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	19,980	9,060	10,915	40,110	20,000	20,110
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.5	1.3	1.6	40.8	41.9	39.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,375,800	676,520	699,280	98,350	47,680	50,670
Single responses	1,305,305	641,785	663,520	91,615	44,320	47,300
Official languages	674,495	335,195	339,305	40,310	19,640	20,670
English	662,455	329,710	332,745	13,355	6,625	6,730
French	12,040	5,480	6,560	26,950	13,015	13,940
Non-official languages	630,810	306,595	324,215	51,305	24,680	26,630
Aboriginal languages	70	35	35	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	5	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	5	0	5	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	15	5	10	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	630,745	306,560	324,180	51,290	24,680	26,615
Afro-Asiatic languages	42,455	21,365	21,085	15,770	8,000	7,770
Berber languages	55	30	25	475	255	220
Kabyle	35	20	20	265	135	125
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	215	120	95
Cushitic languages	1,500	645	855	55	25	25
Bilen	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oromo	85	40	45	0	0	0
Somali	1,400	600	795	50	30	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40,765	20,625	20,140	15,230	7,710	7,520
Amharic	625	300	325	35	15	20
Arabic	34,310	17,435	16,875	14,675	7,425	7,255
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	3,115	1,545	1,570	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	505	245	260	0	0	0
Harari	65	30	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	105	70	35	480	250	225
Maltese	1,390	680	710	0	0	0
Tigrigna	345	165	175	20	5	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	315	165	150	15	10	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	15,015	7,015	8,000	2,465	1,130	1,335
Khmer (Cambodian)	320	140	180	600	275	325
Vietnamese	14,655	6,860	7,800	1,860	850	1,010
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	25	5	5	0
Austronesian languages	35,515	14,970	20,540	1,005	370	630
Bikol	95	45	50	5	5	5
Cebuano	1,000	430	565	25	10	15
Fijian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	365	135	225	20	5	15
Ilocano	1,165	480	680	115	45	70
Malagasy	10	5	5	50	20	25
Malay	1,305	585	715	25	10	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	380	180	195	10	5	5
Pangasinan	80	40	40	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30,895	12,960	17,935	740	270	465
Waray-Waray	65	30	35	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	70	80	10	0	15
Creole languages	1,640	815	825	1,060	430	625
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	40	20	25
Creole, n.o.s.	1,000	510	490	920	365	560
Creole languages, n.i.e.	615	290	325	95	50	50
Dravidian languages	33,080	16,325	16,755	1,795	880	915
Kannada	955	455	500	55	30	20
Malayalam	5,595	2,800	2,795	25	10	15
Tamil	22,780	11,115	11,665	1,625	790	835
Telugu	3,615	1,885	1,730	95	45	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	135	70	65	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	432,875	213,370	219,500	19,590	9,280	10,315
Albanian	2,670	1,360	1,310	155	90	70
Armenian	750	380	370	1,870	860	1,015
Balto-Slavic languages	64,830	30,625	34,205	2,445	1,045	1,395
Baltic languages	830	355	480	25	5	15
Latvian	190	85	105	5	5	5
Lithuanian	640	270	370	20	5	15
Slavic languages	64,000	30,265	33,730	2,420	1,040	1,385
Belarusan	35	15	20	0	5	0
Bosnian	1,295	645	655	5	0	5
Bulgarian	1,330	665	665	315	140	175
Croatian	6,340	3,140	3,205	95	50	50
Czech	950	445	500	35	20	25
Macedonian	1,630	785	845	20	5	10
Polish	32,095	14,975	17,120	445	200	250
Russian	5,820	2,625	3,205	1,140	485	655
Serbian	4,485	2,215	2,265	135	60	70
Serbo-Croatian	580	285	300	30	10	20
Slovak	1,050	490	560	60	20	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,120	525	590	15	5	10
Ukrainian	7,150	3,395	3,755	120	45	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	115	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	65	20	40	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	10	20	0	0	0
Welsh	15	5	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	7,660	3,370	4,285	445	210	240
Afrikaans	115	50	65	5	5	0
Danish	290	130	160	15	0	10
Dutch	1,810	785	1,025	35	20	15
Frisian	45	10	30	0	0	0
German	5,130	2,285	2,845	215	100	115
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	20	25	5	0	0
Swedish	150	60	90	10	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	20	35	5	0	5
Yiddish	15	10	5	165	75	90
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	3,420	1,705	1,715	3,225	1,555	1,675
Indo-Iranian languages	269,670	135,850	133,825	4,285	2,150	2,135
Indo-Aryan languages	258,345	130,115	128,230	2,800	1,400	1,400
Bengali	6,455	3,205	3,250	340	160	180
Gujarati	24,705	12,275	12,425	590	290	295
Hindi	24,185	11,975	12,210	200	105	105
Kashmiri	110	60	55	5	5	0
Konkani	1,055	500	555	10	5	5
Marathi	2,015	1,010	1,005	35	20	15
Nepali	1,895	945	945	15	5	10
Oriya (Odia)	210	110	100	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	134,460	68,250	66,215	460	245	220
Sindhi	1,535	755	785	25	5	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,770	1,350	1,420	60	25	35
Urdu	58,955	29,695	29,265	1,060	535	530
Iranian languages	10,705	5,420	5,285	1,445	730	715
Kurdish	305	185	120	45	25	25
Pashto	1,835	940	900	235	125	110
Persian (Farsi)	8,565	4,300	4,265	1,165	585	580
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	620	310	305	40	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages	83,815	40,065	43,750	7,165	3,380	3,785
Catalan	10	5	5	10	0	5
Italian	24,420	12,155	12,265	1,685	810	875
Portuguese	27,685	13,215	14,465	500	240	260
Romanian	3,600	1,705	1,900	1,800	845	955
Spanish	28,075	12,970	15,110	3,170	1,480	1,685
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	10	5	0
Japanese	1,050	395	650	55	20	35
Kartvelian languages	40	25	20	10	5	5
Georgian	40	25	20	10	0	10
Korean	5,210	2,455	2,760	135	60	75
Mongolic languages	35	15	15	10	5	5
Mongolian	30	15	15	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	7,645	3,565	4,080	1,225	585	640
Akan (Twi)	3,425	1,595	1,835	75	30	45
Bamanankan	5	0	5	60	35	30
Edo	260	110	155	5	5	0
Ewe	130	55	70	20	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	80	35	40
Ga	185	85	100	0	0	0
Ganda	95	40	50	0	0	0
Igbo	550	280	270	5	5	0
Lingala	55	25	30	75	40	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	30	45	150	65	85
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	25	40	90	45	45
Shona	170	85	90	5	5	0
Swahili	560	250	310	70	25	40
Wolof	30	15	20	100	55	45
Yoruba	1,295	640	655	15	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	705	315	390	485	225	260
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	40	25	10	10	5
Dinka	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	10	5	5
Sign languages	285	145	135	15	15	0
American Sign Language	90	50	40	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	100	95	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	49,980	23,310	26,670	7,515	3,585	3,930
Chinese languages	49,500	23,075	26,420	7,485	3,575	3,910
Cantonese	19,885	9,240	10,650	3,120	1,525	1,595
Hakka	470	220	255	70	30	40
Mandarin	25,860	12,120	13,735	3,550	1,690	1,860
Min Dong	35	20	20	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,460	655	800	430	190	235
Wu (Shanghainese)	625	280	350	80	35	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,140	535	605	225	100	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	485	240	245	35	10	20
Burmese	200	90	105	20	5	15
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	190	95	95	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	80	50	40	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	880	360	515	130	60	65
Lao	640	300	345	115	55	60
Thai	235	60	170	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages	1,850	935	915	250	135	125
Azerbaijani	75	35	40	20	10	10
Turkish	1,610	820	790	200	110	90
Uyghur	85	40	40	15	0	10
Uzbek	45	25	25	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	15	10	5
Uralic languages	2,890	1,330	1,560	235	110	125
Estonian	215	100	115	5	0	5
Finnish	225	90	135	5	0	5
Hungarian	2,450	1,135	1,310	230	105	125
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	240	120	120	15	5	10
Multiple responses	70,495	34,735	35,765	6,740	3,365	3,375
English and French	3,220	1,455	1,765	1,385	715	670
English and non-official language	64,105	31,895	32,210	1,495	745	750
French and non-official language	1,315	565	750	2,855	1,390	1,465
English, French and non-official language	1,855	820	1,040	1,005	510	490
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,375,800	676,520	699,280	98,355	47,685	50,670
Single responses	1,202,795	591,040	611,760	85,095	41,225	43,875
Official languages	843,850	416,880	426,970	52,910	25,845	27,065
English	838,125	414,210	423,915	21,535	10,700	10,830
French	5,725	2,670	3,055	31,375	15,150	16,230
Non-official languages	358,950	174,155	184,790	32,185	15,380	16,805
Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	10	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	358,920	174,140	184,775	32,180	15,380	16,800
Afro-Asiatic languages	22,740	11,135	11,605	9,085	4,495	4,590
Berber languages	10	5	5	180	95	85
Kabyle	5	5	5	120	65	60
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	60	30	25
Cushitic languages	665	295	370	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	630	280	350	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	22,000	10,800	11,200	8,870	4,385	4,485
Amharic	250	115	130	15	5	5
Arabic	18,915	9,320	9,600	8,625	4,255	4,365
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,870	915	955	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	270	130	140	0	0	0
Harari	25	15	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	15	15	215	115	105
Maltese	330	150	180	0	0	0
Tigrigna	140	65	75	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	90	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	10,090	4,700	5,385	1,755	795	955
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	70	80	375	165	205
Vietnamese	9,925	4,625	5,300	1,380	630	750
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	5	5	0
Austronesian languages	14,735	6,645	8,090	445	195	250
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cebuano	345	165	180	5	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	95	40	55	0	0	0
Ilocano	375	170	205	40	20	25
Malagasy	5	0	0	10	0	5
Malay	475	225	250	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	13,275	5,965	7,310	380	165	215
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	930	460	470	435	185	250
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	15	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	650	330	320	365	150	215
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	120	145	50	25	25
Dravidian languages	20,320	9,880	10,445	1,425	700	725
Kannada	430	215	215	35	25	15
Malayalam	2,905	1,440	1,460	10	0	10
Tamil	14,935	7,155	7,775	1,310	640	670
Telugu	2,005	1,045	955	60	25	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	244,765	119,955	124,810	11,990	5,625	6,360
Albanian	1,340	670	670	115	55	55
Armenian	315	145	170	1,420	630	785
Balto-Slavic languages	33,810	16,145	17,670	1,585	715	870
Baltic languages	265	115	155	5	5	5
Latvian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	220	90	130	5	0	5
Slavic languages	33,550	16,035	17,515	1,580	715	870
Belarusan	10	5	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	705	345	365	0	0	0
Bulgarian	785	390	395	250	120	135
Croatian	2,495	1,230	1,270	65	30	35
Czech	340	170	170	15	5	5
Macedonian	760	385	375	10	5	10
Polish	17,660	8,375	9,285	215	90	125
Russian	3,610	1,695	1,915	835	380	450
Serbian	2,545	1,240	1,305	95	45	50
Serbo-Croatian	250	120	130	15	5	10
Slovak	330	155	180	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	255	120	135	5	5	5
Ukrainian	3,760	1,800	1,960	55	25	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	710	310	395	60	25	35
Afrikaans	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	105	40	65	5	0	5
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	515	225	285	40	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	30	15	10	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,070	490	580	1,585	725	855
Indo-Iranian languages	172,780	86,020	86,760	2,990	1,465	1,525
Indo-Aryan languages	166,310	82,880	83,435	1,860	910	950
Bengali	3,825	1,855	1,965	250	115	130
Gujarati	14,890	7,255	7,630	390	195	195
Hindi	12,250	6,005	6,250	115	55	70
Kashmiri	20	10	15	0	0	0
Konkani	215	100	115	5	0	0
Marathi	960	490	460	15	10	5
Nepali	1,250	625	625	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	100	50	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	94,880	47,725	47,155	290	145	140
Sindhi	720	355	370	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,260	625	635	35	10	20
Urdu	35,935	17,780	18,155	745	370	375
Iranian languages	6,225	3,030	3,195	1,105	550	555
Kurdish	155	90	65	35	15	15
Pashto	1,015	505	510	180	95	85
Persian (Farsi)	5,055	2,435	2,625	890	430	455
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	240	110	130	25	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages	34,730	16,180	18,555	4,240	2,000	2,240
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	6,370	2,815	3,555	340	150	190
Portuguese	11,045	5,235	5,810	290	150	135
Romanian	1,685	800	885	1,335	625	705
Spanish	15,615	7,320	8,300	2,275	1,070	1,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Japanese	570	265	305	30	15	20
Kartvelian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Korean	3,545	1,705	1,840	110	50	60
Mongolic languages	15	10	10	5	5	0
Mongolian	10	10	10	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	2,615	1,170	1,440	355	165	195
Akan (Twi)	1,480	650	830	50	15	35
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	5	15
Edo	65	25	45	0	0	0
Ewe	40	20	20	0	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	30	10	15
Ga	60	30	25	0	0	0
Ganda	35	20	15	0	0	0
Igbo	120	60	60	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	5	25	15	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	10	55	25	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	40	20	25
Shona	75	40	35	0	0	0
Swahili	145	60	80	20	10	10
Wolof	15	10	10	20	10	10
Yoruba	425	190	240	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	100	45	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	460	270	190	15	15	0
American Sign Language	165	90	80	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	290	175	115	15	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,715	16,800	18,920	6,235	2,990	3,245
Chinese languages	35,440	16,655	18,780	6,215	2,985	3,235
Cantonese	13,605	6,215	7,390	2,465	1,200	1,270
Hakka	145	70	75	40	15	20
Mandarin	19,955	9,590	10,370	3,200	1,545	1,655
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	625	275	350	265	115	155
Wu (Shanghainese)	395	180	215	60	25	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	685	325	365	180	80	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	280	140	140	20	10	10
Burmese	125	60	60	10	5	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	140	70	70	0	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	375	175	200	55	30	30
Lao	305	140	160	55	25	25
Thai	70	30	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	990	480	510	170	85	80
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	10	5	5
Turkish	875	425	450	130	75	60
Uyghur	60	30	25	10	5	5
Uzbek	25	15	10	5	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	5	5	5
Uralic languages	940	455	485	65	25	40
Estonian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	890	430	455	65	25	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	173,000	85,480	87,520	13,260	6,455	6,800
English and French	3,010	1,340	1,670	2,105	1,080	1,020
English and non-official language	166,330	82,540	83,785	3,275	1,600	1,675
French and non-official language	555	255	305	5,510	2,640	2,875
English, French and non-official language	3,105	1,350	1,755	2,365	1,135	1,230
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,375,800	676,520	699,280	98,355	47,680	50,670
None	1,023,775	503,270	520,510	61,535	29,565	31,970
English	156,995	79,355	77,635	9,650	4,860	4,790
French	9,505	3,945	5,550	10,190	4,960	5,225
Non-official language	179,135	86,855	92,280	12,690	6,165	6,525
Aboriginal	30	15	15	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal	179,105	86,845	92,260	12,685	6,165	6,525
English and French	985	450	535	2,260	1,140	1,120
English and non-official language	3,705	1,895	1,810	1,010	495	520
French and non-official language	1,655	720	935	920	450	475
English, French and non-official language	50	25	25	95	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,119,400	544,795	574,605	77,635	37,235	40,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,053,150	513,510	539,635	73,500	35,375	38,125
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,715	35,812	26,687	27,107	29,714	25,035
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,053,315	513,545	539,775	73,505	35,375	38,125
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,405	32,554	25,077	25,426	27,413	23,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	927,385	467,335	460,050	62,200	30,915	31,285
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,381	36,866	26,509	25,858	29,997	21,946
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	757,275	333,870	423,410	59,755	27,115	32,640
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,169	917	3,855	5,407	2,991	8,254
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	805,200	415,990	389,210	50,000	26,150	23,850
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,467	38,017	29,520	28,045	30,876	25,033
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,119,400	544,800	574,605	77,635	37,285	40,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,053,655	513,720	539,935	73,460	35,470	37,990
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,651	49,339	36,287	41,079	46,207	36,292
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,053,850	513,760	540,085	73,460	35,470	37,990
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,665	40,372	31,187	33,545	36,827	30,482
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	927,480	467,585	459,890	61,910	30,930	30,980
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,405	50,495	36,196	41,051	47,465	34,648
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	756,500	333,300	423,195	59,790	27,150	32,640
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,189	5,207	6,962	7,964	6,294	9,354
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	805,200	416,420	388,785	50,005	26,405	23,600
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,132	50,326	37,498	42,107	47,017	36,614
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,119,400	544,795	574,605	77,635	37,280	40,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	384,710	216,620	168,090	21,495	12,310	9,190
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	52,426	56,821	47,980	48,351	50,871	45,503
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	63,269	68,999	55,885	62,484	66,878	56,597
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.6	93.1	85.0	84.3	89.8	77.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	78.9	82.4	74.4	69.5	75.4	62.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.4	6.9	15.0	15.7	10.3	22.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,119,405	544,795	574,605	77,635	37,235	40,400
Without total income	66,255	31,285	34,970	4,135	1,860	2,270
With total income	1,053,145	513,515	539,635	73,505	35,375	38,125
Percentage with total income	94.1	94.3	93.9	94.7	95.0	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	191,530	84,220	107,310	13,350	6,385	6,965
$10,000 to $19,999	188,635	79,650	108,985	15,040	6,430	8,610
$20,000 to $29,999	137,135	61,305	75,830	11,175	5,015	6,165
$30,000 to $39,999	114,215	53,100	61,115	8,445	4,005	4,440
$40,000 to $49,999	100,860	47,700	53,155	6,550	3,090	3,460
$50,000 to $59,999	79,600	40,600	38,995	4,600	2,180	2,420
$60,000 to $69,999	60,400	33,500	26,905	3,240	1,635	1,600
$70,000 to $79,999	45,660	27,005	18,660	2,520	1,345	1,175
$80,000 to $89,999	34,805	20,950	13,855	1,940	1,025	920
$90,000 to $99,999	28,145	16,175	11,965	1,375	815	560
$100,000 and over	72,155	49,295	22,865	5,265	3,450	1,815
$100,000 to $149,999	49,845	33,120	16,725	3,290	2,060	1,225
$150,000 and over	22,320	16,175	6,140	1,970	1,385	590
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,119,405	544,795	574,605	77,635	37,240	40,400
Without after-tax income	66,085	31,250	34,830	4,130	1,860	2,270
With after-tax income	1,053,315	513,545	539,775	73,500	35,380	38,130
Percentage with after-tax income	94.1	94.3	93.9	94.7	95.0	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	194,025	85,005	109,020	13,550	6,455	7,095
$10,000 to $19,999	196,450	83,480	112,965	15,655	6,740	8,920
$20,000 to $29,999	158,705	71,470	87,235	12,995	5,960	7,030
$30,000 to $39,999	136,280	64,335	71,950	10,220	4,890	5,325
$40,000 to $49,999	116,675	57,980	58,695	7,060	3,310	3,745
$50,000 to $59,999	81,700	45,025	36,675	4,375	2,210	2,165
$60,000 to $69,999	56,405	33,620	22,785	3,105	1,640	1,465
$70,000 to $79,999	40,930	24,045	16,885	1,935	1,150	785
$80,000 and over	72,150	48,595	23,560	4,610	3,020	1,590
$80,000 to $89,999	25,200	15,585	9,610	1,345	835	505
$90,000 to $99,999	14,375	9,730	4,645	845	530	315
$100,000 and over	32,580	23,275	9,300	2,425	1,660	765
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,119,400	544,795	574,605	77,635	37,235	40,400
Without employment income	314,200	128,805	185,395	27,635	11,090	16,550
With employment income	805,200	415,990	389,210	50,005	26,150	23,850
Percentage with employment income	71.9	76.4	67.7	64.4	70.2	59.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,205	46,060	52,145	7,430	3,505	3,925
$5,000 to $9,999	67,295	29,650	37,640	4,490	2,095	2,395
$10,000 to $19,999	113,910	54,995	58,915	7,780	3,885	3,895
$20,000 to $29,999	91,845	43,775	48,070	6,515	3,295	3,220
$30,000 to $39,999	86,550	41,105	45,445	5,490	2,850	2,640
$40,000 to $49,999	79,515	38,590	40,925	4,335	2,245	2,085
$50,000 to $59,999	64,615	34,270	30,350	3,010	1,575	1,435
$60,000 to $69,999	49,530	28,435	21,100	2,255	1,250	1,005
$70,000 to $79,999	38,530	23,475	15,050	2,060	1,130	930
$80,000 and over	115,205	75,635	39,570	6,640	4,320	2,320
$80,000 to $89,999	30,230	18,585	11,645	1,480	880	605
$90,000 to $99,999	25,115	14,535	10,580	1,035	660	375
$100,000 and over	59,860	42,515	17,345	4,115	2,780	1,340
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	86,233	...	...	58,130	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,667	...	...	52,029	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	68,345	...	...	10,550	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,872	...	...	33,719	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,934	...	...	30,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	361,835	...	...	26,830	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,263	...	...	69,961	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,394	...	...	62,764	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	104,466	...	...	80,737	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,371	...	...	65,930	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	68,315	...	...	10,520	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	51,872	...	...	46,585	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,786	...	...	37,751	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	361,870	...	...	26,855	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,394	...	...	94,115	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,788	...	...	76,969	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
Under $5,000	6,140	...	...	1,030	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,850	...	...	615	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,350	...	...	1,010	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,770	...	...	1,870	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,210	...	...	1,760	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,850	...	...	1,855	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,180	...	...	1,935	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,250	...	...	1,850	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	14,885	...	...	1,960	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,340	...	...	1,835	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,075	...	...	3,605	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30,355	...	...	2,915	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	29,245	...	...	2,400	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,190	...	...	1,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,490	...	...	1,650	...	...
$100,000 and over	178,000	...	...	9,095	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55,095	...	...	2,885	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,635	...	...	1,880	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	46,050	...	...	2,065	...	...
$200,000 and over	36,215	...	...	2,270	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
Under $5,000	6,470	...	...	1,060	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,925	...	...	625	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,480	...	...	1,030	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,150	...	...	1,960	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,270	...	...	1,935	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	13,145	...	...	2,130	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,935	...	...	2,315	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,795	...	...	2,210	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,360	...	...	2,310	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,795	...	...	2,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,755	...	...	4,005	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	36,015	...	...	3,200	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35,075	...	...	2,510	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,115	...	...	1,980	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,845	...	...	1,540	...	...
$100,000 and over	139,040	...	...	6,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55,425	...	...	2,525	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,210	...	...	1,455	...	...
$150,000 and over	48,410	...	...	2,350	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	356,435	...	...	26,150	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,869	...	...	70,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,175	...	...	62,860	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	75,975	...	...	6,870	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,464	...	...	66,499	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,996	...	...	58,011	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	214,125	...	...	13,900	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,391	...	...	80,979	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,547	...	...	72,683	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.3	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	54,710	...	...	4,530	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,604	...	...	51,004	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,949	...	...	46,939	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	356,135	...	...	26,210	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,319	...	...	94,586	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,798	...	...	77,248	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	75,955	...	...	6,860	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,227	...	...	85,661	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,650	...	...	69,334	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	214,065	...	...	13,960	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,895	...	...	110,666	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,923	...	...	89,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	54,350	...	...	4,555	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,017	...	...	62,607	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,851	...	...	53,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	102,755	51,105	51,650	12,520	5,805	6,710
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,735	36,964	32,735	30,826	32,197	29,843
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,494	33,087	30,000	28,089	28,814	27,575
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	102,550	51,120	51,425	12,395	5,695	6,700
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,684	46,348	43,031	43,443	45,416	41,767
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,293	38,195	36,397	35,457	36,527	34,549
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,372,645	675,245	697,395	97,395	47,420	49,975
In the bottom half of the distribution	665,170	322,535	342,640	62,820	30,185	32,635
In the bottom decile	116,645	57,145	59,500	13,685	6,630	7,055
In the second decile	130,265	61,780	68,485	14,260	6,750	7,515
In the third decile	135,530	65,180	70,350	14,345	6,895	7,455
In the fourth decile	139,815	68,270	71,540	11,515	5,550	5,970
In the fifth decile	142,910	70,150	72,755	9,005	4,360	4,645
In the top half of the distribution	707,470	352,715	354,760	34,575	17,235	17,340
In the sixth decile	143,925	70,860	73,065	7,765	3,850	3,905
In the seventh decile	145,155	71,660	73,495	6,840	3,400	3,445
In the eighth decile	145,660	72,545	73,115	6,510	3,220	3,295
In the ninth decile	147,830	74,125	73,705	6,245	3,130	3,115
In the top decile	124,905	63,515	61,390	7,220	3,635	3,580
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,372,640	675,245	697,395	97,395	47,420	49,975
0 to 17 years	309,765	159,880	149,885	23,110	11,870	11,240
0 to 5 years	92,550	47,395	45,155	8,305	4,340	3,965
18 to 64 years	892,655	436,170	456,485	59,705	29,215	30,490
65 years and over	170,220	79,190	91,025	14,580	6,340	8,240
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	175,980	84,210	91,770	21,215	10,060	11,155
0 to 17 years	56,075	29,150	26,925	5,880	3,025	2,850
0 to 5 years	17,870	9,235	8,630	2,050	1,055	995
18 to 64 years	102,300	48,005	54,295	12,195	5,825	6,365
65 years and over	17,605	7,055	10,555	3,145	1,215	1,935
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.5	13.2	21.8	21.2	22.3
0 to 17 years (%)	18.1	18.2	18.0	25.4	25.5	25.4
0 to 5 years (%)	19.3	19.5	19.1	24.7	24.3	25.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.5	11.0	11.9	20.4	19.9	20.9
65 years and over (%)	10.3	8.9	11.6	21.6	19.2	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	138,555	67,480	71,075	16,015	7,695	8,320
0 to 17 years	41,810	21,750	20,060	4,470	2,300	2,170
0 to 5 years	13,450	6,955	6,490	1,535	795	740
18 to 64 years	85,760	41,545	44,210	9,725	4,765	4,955
65 years and over	10,990	4,185	6,805	1,825	630	1,195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.1	10.0	10.2	16.4	16.2	16.6
0 to 17 years (%)	13.5	13.6	13.4	19.3	19.4	19.3
0 to 5 years (%)	14.5	14.7	14.4	18.5	18.3	18.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.5	9.7	16.3	16.3	16.3
65 years and over (%)	6.5	5.3	7.5	12.5	9.9	14.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,372,640	675,245	697,395	97,395	47,415	49,975
Official languages	1,317,715	654,715	663,005	92,650	45,545	47,100
English	1,316,720	654,335	662,390	73,510	36,960	36,545
French	87,025	37,420	49,610	77,040	37,685	39,360
Non-official languages	788,825	384,845	403,975	68,175	33,000	35,175
Aboriginal languages	115	50	65	15	0	0
Algonquian languages	85	30	60	0	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	20	25	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Plains Cree	25	10	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	0	25	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	788,710	384,800	403,910	68,160	32,995	35,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	56,265	28,545	27,715	23,865	11,895	11,975
Berber languages	55	35	20	685	340	345
Kabyle	35	25	15	375	195	175
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	315	150	165
Cushitic languages	2,395	1,050	1,350	90	50	40
Bilen	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	120	50	75	0	0	0
Somali	2,255	990	1,260	90	55	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	53,875	27,485	26,385	23,485	11,695	11,790
Amharic	1,120	510	615	80	35	45
Arabic	47,510	24,415	23,095	21,795	10,815	10,980
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	3,865	1,965	1,905	30	15	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	705	320	385	0	0	0
Harari	145	75	75	0	0	0
Hebrew	595	355	240	1,760	925	840
Maltese	1,760	830	930	0	0	0
Tigrigna	535	245	295	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	390	180	215	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	260	110	150	70	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,070	8,995	10,075	3,100	1,455	1,640
Khmer (Cambodian)	350	135	225	775	355	420
Vietnamese	18,715	8,870	9,845	2,355	1,120	1,245
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	44,845	18,965	25,880	1,495	640	855
Bikol	100	40	60	10	0	0
Cebuano	1,650	700	950	40	20	25
Fijian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	485	170	310	10	0	10
Ilocano	1,605	610	990	120	40	75
Malagasy	10	0	0	75	40	40
Malay	2,120	995	1,130	30	0	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	455	195	255	25	15	10
Pangasinan	85	45	45	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,965	17,665	24,295	1,350	595	760
Waray-Waray	55	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	170	90	80	15	0	10
Creole languages	5,265	2,495	2,765	2,110	935	1,170
Haitian Creole	110	65	50	100	40	65
Creole, n.o.s.	2,850	1,400	1,450	1,865	835	1,035
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,310	1,045	1,270	150	75	75
Dravidian languages	45,185	22,675	22,505	2,270	1,125	1,140
Kannada	2,185	1,070	1,110	70	25	40
Malayalam	7,315	3,670	3,650	25	15	15
Tamil	32,560	16,260	16,295	2,010	1,000	1,010
Telugu	5,400	2,855	2,540	225	125	100
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	240	135	105	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	549,440	271,910	277,530	26,890	12,705	14,185
Albanian	3,060	1,575	1,485	195	90	105
Armenian	950	470	480	2,135	945	1,190
Balto-Slavic languages	74,415	35,620	38,795	3,415	1,585	1,825
Baltic languages	1,015	445	565	20	10	10
Latvian	240	95	145	0	0	0
Lithuanian	770	355	420	25	15	10
Slavic languages	73,610	35,255	38,350	3,395	1,575	1,820
Belarusan	120	65	55	0	0	10
Bosnian	1,885	945	945	0	0	10
Bulgarian	1,580	815	760	280	130	150
Croatian	8,820	4,285	4,535	125	55	70
Czech	1,210	590	615	30	15	10
Macedonian	2,270	1,125	1,150	25	0	20
Polish	37,890	18,035	19,855	550	245	305
Russian	10,245	4,965	5,275	2,210	1,050	1,165
Serbian	5,750	2,905	2,845	165	70	95
Serbo-Croatian	600	285	315	25	10	15
Slovak	1,395	670	725	65	20	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,385	605	780	20	20	10
Ukrainian	9,770	4,540	5,235	230	105	130
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	140	70	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages	175	70	110	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	80	30	55	0	0	0
Welsh	15	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	12,260	5,845	6,415	995	510	485
Afrikaans	530	255	275	10	0	0
Danish	335	175	160	15	0	10
Dutch	2,210	1,000	1,205	65	50	10
Frisian	50	10	40	0	0	0
German	8,915	4,290	4,620	670	350	320
Icelandic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	165	75	90	0	0	0
Swedish	310	150	160	15	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	20	25	15	10	10
Yiddish	10	10	0	230	95	135
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	5,060	2,620	2,440	3,985	1,900	2,085
Indo-Iranian languages	345,715	174,545	171,170	5,695	2,860	2,830
Indo-Aryan languages	334,485	168,990	165,495	3,910	1,950	1,960
Bengali	8,085	4,005	4,085	510	260	250
Gujarati	33,105	16,380	16,725	675	325	350
Hindi	108,315	54,525	53,790	1,075	530	540
Kashmiri	250	120	135	0	10	0
Konkani	2,625	1,160	1,470	10	10	0
Marathi	4,110	2,120	1,990	40	20	20
Nepali	2,175	1,085	1,090	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	325	155	165	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180,750	92,565	88,185	875	450	425
Sindhi	2,410	1,150	1,255	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,630	2,345	2,280	120	60	55
Urdu	88,130	44,680	43,450	1,650	835	815
Iranian languages	12,930	6,365	6,560	1,930	995	930
Kurdish	375	210	165	55	35	15
Pashto	2,560	1,320	1,240	355	180	175
Persian (Farsi)	10,575	5,170	5,405	1,525	785	740
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,325	695	630	95	60	30
Italic (Romance) languages	113,440	53,990	59,445	12,045	5,585	6,460
Catalan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	35,875	17,640	18,235	3,210	1,515	1,695
Portuguese	35,860	17,140	18,720	695	350	345
Romanian	4,280	2,065	2,215	2,230	1,055	1,180
Spanish	41,335	19,005	22,335	6,525	2,970	3,555
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	15	15	0
Japanese	1,860	855	1,005	150	85	65
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	15	10	10
Georgian	70	40	30	15	10	10
Korean	5,790	2,670	3,120	245	120	125
Mongolic languages	45	20	30	25	15	10
Mongolian	45	15	30	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	14,965	7,120	7,850	2,495	1,190	1,300
Akan (Twi)	5,425	2,515	2,910	175	70	100
Bamanankan	55	15	40	105	45	60
Edo	570	275	295	10	0	0
Ewe	150	60	90	40	25	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	120	70	55	180	90	90
Ga	430	235	195	15	0	10
Ganda	160	70	85	0	0	0
Igbo	1,050	505	545	10	10	0
Lingala	480	205	275	355	155	195
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	35	65	145	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	175	60	115	125	70	55
Shona	235	95	145	10	10	0
Swahili	2,240	1,120	1,120	325	185	135
Wolof	95	40	55	195	80	115
Yoruba	3,185	1,555	1,630	45	30	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,495	740	755	1,110	515	600
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	50	20	10	10	0
Dinka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	45	20	10	10	0
Sign languages	1,085	485	600	30	10	20
American Sign Language	520	190	335	0	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	575	300	280	25	0	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	57,520	27,000	30,520	8,290	4,115	4,180
Chinese languages	56,900	26,675	30,230	8,275	4,105	4,165
Cantonese	25,455	11,825	13,630	3,805	1,945	1,865
Hakka	510	235	275	65	25	40
Mandarin	34,605	16,080	18,525	4,845	2,340	2,505
Min Dong	60	25	40	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,925	905	1,010	430	220	210
Wu (Shanghainese)	865	405	460	150	70	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,195	530	665	340	140	200
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	30	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	640	340	300	30	15	15
Burmese	185	90	95	20	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	295	160	135	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	165	90	70	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	1,225	580	645	225	125	95
Lao	900	445	455	175	100	80
Thai	435	185	250	80	45	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,525	1,290	1,235	520	245	275
Azerbaijani	80	35	45	40	25	15
Turkish	2,265	1,185	1,080	465	230	240
Uyghur	130	45	80	10	10	10
Uzbek	45	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	35	10	30
Uralic languages	3,245	1,480	1,770	235	110	125
Estonian	260	110	150	0	0	0
Finnish	280	140	140	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,705	1,230	1,475	235	105	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	665	355	310	55	30	25
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,372,640	675,245	697,395	97,395	47,420	49,975
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,192,495	587,865	604,625	80,420	39,290	41,125
Canadian citizens aged under 18	283,905	146,305	137,600	19,385	9,955	9,430
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	908,590	441,560	467,025	61,025	29,335	31,695
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	180,145	87,375	92,770	16,980	8,130	8,850
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,372,640	675,245	697,395	97,395	47,420	49,975
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	642,835	323,765	319,070	42,930	21,440	21,490
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	706,835	339,410	367,430	52,175	24,815	27,365
Before 1981	134,265	63,400	70,865	9,790	4,550	5,240
1981 to 1990	94,105	45,615	48,490	6,660	3,245	3,410
1991 to 2000	171,230	82,550	88,680	8,985	4,180	4,805
2001 to 2010	213,135	102,330	110,805	15,065	7,190	7,875
2001 to 2005	113,910	54,840	59,070	6,385	3,095	3,290
2006 to 2010	99,225	47,485	51,740	8,680	4,100	4,580
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	94,105	45,515	48,595	11,685	5,645	6,040
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	22,970	12,070	10,895	2,290	1,170	1,120
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	706,840	339,405	367,430	52,180	24,815	27,360
Under 5 years	60,825	30,760	30,065	4,695	2,445	2,245
5 to 14 years	116,450	59,505	56,945	8,120	4,015	4,100
15 to 24 years	159,265	70,515	88,750	9,970	4,510	5,465
25 to 44 years	291,160	142,250	148,910	24,875	11,760	13,115
45 years and over	79,140	36,375	42,765	4,520	2,080	2,440
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	706,835	339,405	367,430	52,180	24,815	27,365
Americas	112,715	50,455	62,260	5,400	2,345	3,055
Brazil	1,505	630	875	180	65	120
Colombia	4,745	2,170	2,570	630	290	335
El Salvador	2,425	1,195	1,230	255	120	135
Guyana	20,875	9,665	11,215	140	40	100
Haiti	440	255	185	1,270	540	725
Jamaica	35,320	15,095	20,225	225	105	120
Mexico	1,890	740	1,145	520	200	320
Peru	2,005	870	1,130	270	105	160
Trinidad and Tobago	14,255	6,385	7,870	155	65	95
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	8,860	4,225	4,640	545	265	280
Other places of birth in Americas	20,405	9,225	11,180	1,200	545	665
Europe	132,035	63,140	68,895	8,190	3,790	4,405
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,075	1,585	1,495	35	10	25
Croatia	4,425	2,125	2,305	55	35	25
France	1,000	445	555	915	445	475
Germany	4,425	2,090	2,335	155	75	80
Greece	2,405	1,225	1,185	1,560	755	800
Hungary	1,360	620	745	155	80	75
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,515	650	860	0	0	10
Italy	16,575	8,505	8,070	730	335	395
Netherlands	1,640	755	885	10	10	0
Poland	26,005	12,115	13,885	390	145	245
Portugal	21,195	10,285	10,910	135	50	85
Romania	3,685	1,745	1,940	1,210	555	660
Russian Federation	2,660	1,180	1,475	460	210	250
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,520	1,275	1,250	75	35	45
Ukraine	4,985	2,275	2,715	295	140	150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	21,405	9,910	11,495	225	85	140
Other places of birth in Europe	13,155	6,375	6,780	1,775	840	935
Africa	40,840	19,970	20,865	13,965	6,800	7,160
Algeria	300	155	145	1,765	865	900
Egypt	10,065	5,135	4,925	2,050	880	1,170
Ethiopia	1,020	470	550	95	40	55
Kenya	3,380	1,545	1,835	25	15	15
Morocco	445	215	225	4,175	2,080	2,100
Nigeria	6,280	3,150	3,135	30	25	10
Somalia	1,260	505	755	20	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,690	775	910	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	16,400	8,020	8,380	5,775	2,880	2,900
Asia	419,545	205,090	214,460	24,605	11,870	12,740
Afghanistan	5,160	2,520	2,635	495	255	235
Bangladesh	4,380	2,140	2,240	335	165	175
China^{Census data footnote 59}	26,270	12,085	14,185	4,335	2,020	2,310
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	8,225	3,835	4,390	490	255	235
India	181,395	90,345	91,050	1,025	490	535
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	3,510	1,815	1,695	700	350	345
Iraq	10,815	5,465	5,350	400	200	205
Japan	720	250	465	60	25	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,710	2,200	2,505	160	65	95
Lebanon	3,860	2,040	1,820	5,080	2,515	2,560
Pakistan	55,225	28,045	27,180	1,035	525	510
Philippines	43,165	18,765	24,395	1,165	475	685
Sri Lanka	21,315	10,590	10,725	1,250	605	645
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,730	1,880	1,850	3,095	1,525	1,565
Taiwan	2,130	950	1,175	235	105	130
Viet Nam	15,470	7,245	8,225	1,715	800	920
Other places of birth in Asia	29,480	14,905	14,580	3,045	1,490	1,555
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,705	755	945	15	0	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	94,105	45,510	48,590	11,685	5,645	6,035
Americas	10,245	4,995	5,250	1,395	625	765
Brazil	210	85	125	80	30	50
Colombia	845	420	425	320	155	165
Cuba	290	105	180	40	20	25
Haiti	150	85	70	425	210	220
Jamaica	3,005	1,585	1,425	10	0	0
Mexico	460	205	255	190	90	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,885	935	955	120	50	70
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	410	200	210	65	35	30
Other places of birth in Americas	2,980	1,380	1,600	140	40	100
Europe	4,600	2,135	2,465	1,180	575	605
France	100	45	55	165	85	80
Germany	125	65	60	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	110	60	55	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	20	10	10	520	260	265
Romania	200	75	120	175	75	100
Russian Federation	320	110	210	55	35	20
Ukraine	680	285	400	30	10	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	625	295	330	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Europe	2,430	1,200	1,230	215	95	115
Africa	7,515	3,755	3,760	4,280	2,080	2,200
Algeria	50	25	25	355	170	185
Cameroon	200	100	100	735	385	355
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	190	80	105	185	85	100
Côte d'Ivoire	75	35	35	520	255	260
Egypt	2,795	1,475	1,320	335	155	180
Eritrea	75	30	40	0	0	0
Ethiopia	70	20	55	15	15	0
Morocco	90	25	70	805	395	420
Nigeria	1,710	850	860	15	10	0
Somalia	110	50	60	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	90	45	45	20	10	10
Tunisia	15	10	10	380	200	185
Other places of birth in Africa	2,035	1,005	1,035	900	405	500
Asia	71,520	34,495	37,015	4,820	2,360	2,465
Afghanistan	670	295	370	115	45	65
Bangladesh	650	325	320	35	15	20
China^{Census data footnote 59}	4,230	1,795	2,435	845	405	445
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	130	60	70	10	0	0
India	33,405	16,495	16,905	260	135	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	570	295	270	310	145	165
Iraq	3,265	1,665	1,600	85	35	45
Israel	80	40	30	40	15	25
Japan	70	15	60	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	295	105	190	35	20	20
Lebanon	490	265	220	550	280	265
Nepal	765	370	395	0	0	0
Pakistan	10,515	5,180	5,340	205	100	105
Philippines	6,555	2,790	3,775	235	120	115
Saudi Arabia	860	425	435	80	40	40
Sri Lanka	1,655	765	885	95	35	55
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,855	930	930	1,520	785	735
Taiwan	140	60	80	15	10	10
Turkey	125	85	40	20	10	10
United Arab Emirates	1,805	920	880	30	15	15
Viet Nam	925	410	520	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	2,465	1,205	1,260	280	130	155
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	225	130	95	0	10	0
Australia	185	115	70	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	10	30	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,372,640	675,245	697,395	97,395	47,415	49,975
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	735,030	354,175	380,850	54,990	26,220	28,770
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	408,995	207,770	201,225	25,850	13,315	12,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	228,615	113,295	115,325	16,550	7,890	8,665
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	581,570	280,425	301,145	43,140	20,610	22,525
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	276,735	143,105	133,630	24,835	12,750	12,085
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	104,040	71,655	32,390	10,605	6,595	4,010
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	172,690	71,445	101,245	14,225	6,155	8,075
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	226,305	94,630	131,675	9,935	3,610	6,330
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	72,925	39,965	32,960	7,700	3,955	3,750
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	5,605	2,730	2,875	665	295	365
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,372,640	675,245	697,400	97,395	47,420	49,975
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	9,120	4,215	4,905	285	125	155
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	8,530	3,930	4,600	240	100	140
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,420	2,495	2,925	80	25	60
Métis	2,950	1,360	1,585	125	60	65
Inuk (Inuit)	165	75	90	35	20	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	280	110	170	20	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	310	180	135	30	20	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,363,515	671,025	692,490	97,110	47,290	49,815
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,372,645	675,240	697,395	97,395	47,420	49,975
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,575	1,230	1,345	55	35	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,370,070	674,015	696,050	97,340	47,385	49,955
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,372,640	675,245	697,400	97,395	47,420	49,975
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,330	595	735	105	40	65
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,290	570	720	105	45	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,085	475	615	50	20	30
Métis single ancestry	190	90	95	30	10	25
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	20	15	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	35	25	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	12,935	6,160	6,780	510	225	290
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	12,490	5,935	6,555	490	220	275
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,620	4,595	5,030	390	170	220
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,620	1,235	1,380	80	35	45
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	250	110	145	25	10	15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	445	225	225	20	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	330	165	160	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	35	45	10	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,358,375	668,495	689,885	96,780	47,150	49,630
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,372,640	675,245	697,395	97,395	47,420	49,975
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	854,565	419,290	435,270	51,965	25,745	26,220
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	434,105	219,605	214,495	6,705	3,360	3,345
Chinese	63,745	30,500	33,245	8,555	4,260	4,300
Black	131,060	60,985	70,075	9,455	4,515	4,935
Filipino	57,205	25,645	31,565	1,670	755	910
Latin American	31,060	14,785	16,275	2,895	1,365	1,530
Arab	42,500	21,890	20,615	15,675	8,020	7,650
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	23,415	11,310	12,105	3,545	1,700	1,845
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	13,435	6,595	6,835	1,520	770	745
Korean	6,630	3,165	3,460	275	125	150
Japanese	2,595	1,260	1,340	75	35	40
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	25,470	12,060	13,415	535	265	275
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,335	11,490	11,845	1,060	565	495
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	518,080	255,950	262,125	45,430	21,670	23,760
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,372,640	675,240	697,400	97,395	47,420	49,975
North American Aboriginal origins	14,265	6,750	7,515	615	270	345
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,150	5,295	5,860	460	200	255
Inuit	400	175	220	55	25	30
Métis	3,200	1,530	1,670	125	50	70
Other North American origins	156,130	78,215	77,915	12,980	6,050	6,935
Acadian	810	375	435	125	45	80
American	7,035	3,390	3,650	320	125	190
Canadian	149,875	75,190	74,690	12,120	5,665	6,450
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	745	415	325	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	145	55	90	10	0	0
Ontarian	130	75	55	0	0	0
Québécois	275	135	140	585	280	310
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	45	35	10	0	0	0
European origins	514,265	251,400	262,860	30,625	14,585	16,040
British Isles origins	220,155	107,455	112,705	4,930	2,230	2,695
Channel Islander	115	55	60	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	124,170	60,840	63,330	1,950	815	1,135
Irish	89,815	42,710	47,105	2,640	1,230	1,415
Manx	95	55	40	0	0	0
Scottish	88,305	42,610	45,700	1,445	660	785
Welsh	9,030	4,380	4,650	100	55	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	17,920	8,585	9,335	310	125	185
French origins	42,895	20,420	22,470	8,145	3,880	4,270
Alsatian	20	15	10	15	10	10
Breton	10	0	10	35	20	10
Corsican	0	0	0	10	0	10
French	42,870	20,400	22,470	8,120	3,860	4,260
Western European origins (except French origins)	65,735	31,755	33,985	2,385	1,215	1,175
Austrian	4,260	2,030	2,230	250	125	125
Bavarian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Belgian	1,590	805	790	350	200	155
Dutch	16,675	7,905	8,770	210	100	105
Flemish	140	70	70	10	10	0
Frisian	80	45	35	0	0	0
German	45,315	22,040	23,270	1,450	745	710
Luxembourger	60	20	35	30	20	15
Swiss	2,125	1,090	1,035	205	95	105
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	9,615	4,790	4,825	275	130	145
Danish	2,405	1,245	1,160	65	15	50
Finnish	2,215	1,050	1,160	25	15	10
Icelandic	460	260	200	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,145	1,040	1,110	60	30	30
Swedish	2,745	1,355	1,385	95	55	40
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	430	185	240	50	25	25
Eastern European origins	105,730	51,060	54,675	7,785	3,715	4,070
Bulgarian	1,990	1,030	955	300	130	175
Byelorussian	770	360	410	165	80	90
Czech	2,515	1,220	1,290	80	40	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	645	355	290	25	10	10
Estonian	755	345	405	0	10	0
Hungarian	8,115	3,880	4,235	570	290	280
Latvian	795	390	410	50	10	40
Lithuanian	2,085	1,050	1,035	200	120	75
Moldovan	150	65	75	710	345	365
Polish	55,745	26,840	28,900	1,845	905	935
Romanian	6,260	3,000	3,260	2,235	1,040	1,195
Russian	9,835	4,550	5,285	1,830	830	995
Slovak	3,020	1,445	1,575	190	105	80
Ukrainian	26,505	12,770	13,735	1,030	510	520
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	260	165	100	125	60	65
Southern European origins	208,835	104,170	104,665	12,215	5,855	6,355
Albanian	3,625	1,870	1,755	185	80	110
Bosnian	2,520	1,230	1,290	0	0	10
Catalan	30	10	20	0	10	0
Croatian	12,125	6,140	5,985	175	90	85
Cypriot	210	100	115	10	10	0
Greek	10,920	5,740	5,180	4,795	2,385	2,410
Italian	88,110	45,085	43,025	4,730	2,335	2,395
Kosovar	120	60	65	15	0	0
Macedonian	3,700	1,865	1,835	40	10	25
Maltese	6,340	3,105	3,235	45	15	35
Montenegrin	265	125	140	25	10	15
Portuguese	61,840	30,185	31,660	770	330	440
Serbian	6,980	3,500	3,485	190	85	100
Sicilian	180	100	85	30	20	10
Slovenian	3,575	1,785	1,790	75	30	50
Spanish	24,080	11,190	12,890	1,810	875	935
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,285	650	635	65	20	50
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	100	40	60	0	0	0
Other European origins	3,875	1,925	1,945	1,425	710	715
Basque	95	50	40	30	10	20
Jewish	2,035	1,015	1,020	1,275	645	635
Roma (Gypsy)	170	90	80	10	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	190	110	80	10	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,390	665	720	105	50	55
Caribbean origins	110,740	50,415	60,320	3,455	1,585	1,875
Antiguan	635	315	330	0	0	0
Bahamian	280	145	130	10	0	0
Barbadian	4,610	2,065	2,550	235	105	130
Bermudan	65	20	40	0	0	0
Carib	515	190	330	0	0	0
Cuban	2,265	980	1,290	130	55	75
Dominican	1,380	645	740	95	55	45
Grenadian	3,130	1,430	1,700	90	50	40
Guadeloupean	10	0	0	10	10	0
Haitian	900	460	440	1,810	840	970
Jamaican	70,880	32,075	38,805	575	285	290
Kittitian/Nevisian	515	250	265	20	0	15
Martinican	20	15	0	25	0	25
Montserratan	75	45	30	10	0	0
Puerto Rican	105	45	60	15	0	0
St. Lucian	1,160	560	605	40	15	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	13,365	6,250	7,120	210	85	125
Vincentian/Grenadinian	2,405	1,020	1,385	85	35	55
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	16,045	7,090	8,960	225	125	95
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	3,135	1,520	1,610	200	75	125
Latin, Central and South American origins	52,510	24,680	27,830	3,665	1,760	1,905
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,295	630	660	90	40	50
Arawak	155	65	90	10	0	0
Argentinian	2,105	920	1,190	95	55	40
Belizean	55	25	30	0	0	0
Bolivian	350	170	180	45	35	10
Brazilian	2,110	960	1,150	190	90	105
Chilean	2,710	1,275	1,435	300	135	165
Colombian	6,965	3,370	3,600	860	415	445
Costa Rican	365	155	215	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	3,875	1,910	1,970	50	20	30
Guatemalan	1,710	880	830	95	65	30
Guyanese	17,455	8,110	9,340	155	65	85
Hispanic	780	350	430	0	0	0
Honduran	495	225	265	75	40	30
Maya	190	90	95	0	0	0
Mexican	3,345	1,420	1,920	680	290	385
Nicaraguan	530	250	280	25	15	10
Panamanian	485	215	275	10	10	0
Paraguayan	80	35	45	10	10	0
Peruvian	2,705	1,195	1,510	350	165	185
Salvadorean	3,315	1,670	1,640	345	185	160
Uruguayan	1,460	780	680	15	15	0
Venezuelan	1,545	735	810	315	150	165
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	2,125	1,060	1,065	155	75	85
African origins	67,825	33,625	34,195	18,725	9,335	9,395
Central and West African origins	19,835	9,940	9,900	4,270	2,090	2,180
Akan	195	110	85	60	30	30
Angolan	130	85	50	30	20	10
Ashanti	445	245	200	0	0	0
Beninese	100	55	45	165	75	90
Burkinabe	45	20	20	150	80	70
Cameroonian	630	315	320	1,130	620	510
Chadian	30	15	15	85	30	55
Congolese	840	410	430	520	240	280
Edo	320	170	150	0	10	0
Ewe	65	40	35	25	25	10
Gabonese	15	10	10	30	10	20
Gambian	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ghanaian	8,070	3,935	4,130	225	90	135
Guinean	80	45	35	280	150	135
Ibo	415	210	210	0	0	0
Ivorian	150	65	90	705	300	400
Liberian	95	40	55	10	0	10
Malian	50	20	30	165	65	100
Malinké	20	20	10	60	35	30
Nigerian	6,890	3,550	3,345	110	55	60
Peulh	0	0	0	140	65	75
Senegalese	135	70	60	230	115	110
Sierra Leonean	180	80	100	10	0	10
Togolese	40	30	15	110	50	55
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,260	650	615	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	910	420	485	420	215	210
North African origins	16,610	8,595	8,020	12,035	6,035	6,000
Algerian	505	285	215	1,800	915	885
Berber	110	75	40	995	500	490
Coptic	725	390	335	35	15	20
Dinka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	13,475	6,965	6,510	2,185	1,025	1,160
Libyan	395	200	195	20	10	15
Maure	70	40	35	45	35	15
Moroccan	975	535	440	6,005	3,040	2,970
Sudanese	925	420	505	10	0	10
Tunisian	50	35	10	1,380	705	675
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	230	100	130	150	90	65
Southern and East African origins	11,405	5,520	5,880	1,120	560	560
Afrikaner	20	10	15	0	0	0
Amhara	105	50	60	15	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	80	40	35	125	60	60
Burundian	120	60	60	180	105	75
Djiboutian	25	10	15	50	25	25
Eritrean	710	355	360	0	0	0
Ethiopian	1,610	765	845	150	60	85
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,055	495	560	25	20	10
Malagasy	25	0	25	115	55	55
Mauritian	1,245	660	585	175	80	95
Oromo	65	30	30	0	0	0
Rwandan	250	95	155	165	80	90
Seychellois	50	30	25	105	55	45
Somali	3,305	1,550	1,755	70	40	30
South African	1,340	665	675	0	0	0
Tanzanian	235	100	130	10	10	0
Tigrian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Ugandan	365	165	200	0	0	0
Zambian	130	60	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	295	150	145	10	0	10
Zulu	40	25	20	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	845	400	445	30	25	10
Other African origins	21,175	10,145	11,030	1,435	710	725
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,525	1,115	1,410	45	20	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	18,870	9,140	9,730	1,395	695	705
Asian origins	669,595	332,065	337,525	42,075	20,810	21,270
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,430	33,680	32,750	20,635	10,285	10,355
Afghan	8,370	4,050	4,320	715	380	335
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	8,680	4,445	4,240	2,940	1,425	1,520
Armenian	2,115	1,060	1,060	2,475	1,120	1,355
Assyrian	2,505	1,325	1,185	25	20	10
Azerbaijani	210	80	135	25	20	0
Georgian	130	75	55	50	20	30
Hazara	55	40	20	0	0	0
Iranian	6,870	3,535	3,330	1,045	530	515
Iraqi	10,575	5,365	5,210	570	270	300
Israeli	585	280	300	595	335	265
Jordanian	2,455	1,300	1,155	130	70	65
Kazakh	20	10	20	15	0	15
Kurd	500	255	245	65	35	25
Kuwaiti	165	100	65	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	25	10	20
Lebanese	7,630	3,840	3,785	8,095	4,040	4,055
Palestinian	7,380	3,935	3,445	655	365	290
Pashtun	840	480	365	70	35	35
Saudi Arabian	250	135	120	0	0	0
Syrian	6,480	3,175	3,310	3,910	1,995	1,920
Tajik	200	70	125	30	15	15
Tatar	180	65	115	55	30	25
Turk	3,850	1,885	1,965	745	325	420
Turkmen	65	35	30	15	10	10
Uighur	110	40	70	15	10	0
Uzbek	130	60	70	10	0	10
Yemeni	430	200	235	55	20	35
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	3,130	1,660	1,480	180	105	75
South Asian origins	439,120	221,620	217,505	6,815	3,355	3,460
Bangladeshi	3,240	1,550	1,695	285	145	145
Bengali	1,750	870	880	180	95	85
Bhutanese	25	10	20	0	0	0
East Indian	313,085	157,950	155,140	2,920	1,430	1,490
Goan	1,725	795	935	30	15	20
Gujarati	2,050	1,105	945	45	20	25
Kashmiri	755	375	385	15	10	10
Nepali	2,005	985	1,020	0	0	0
Pakistani	56,205	28,570	27,635	1,455	735	720
Punjabi	36,110	18,595	17,515	80	20	55
Sinhalese	1,175	555	620	25	0	20
Sri Lankan	24,790	12,295	12,495	1,590	765	830
Tamil	8,170	4,120	4,045	400	200	195
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20,860	10,480	10,380	260	155	105
East and Southeast Asian origins	170,030	79,755	90,280	14,820	7,235	7,585
Burmese	415	170	245	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	620	265	360	885	435	450
Chinese	81,155	38,925	42,230	9,575	4,710	4,870
Filipino	62,460	28,165	34,295	1,765	810	960
Hmong	25	15	10	10	0	10
Indonesian	1,545	720	820	40	20	20
Japanese	3,915	1,860	2,050	130	65	65
Karen	30	20	10	0	0	0
Korean	7,060	3,355	3,705	305	150	155
Laotian	1,240	625	620	310	195	115
Malaysian	1,295	600	690	20	15	10
Mongolian	270	120	150	30	15	15
Singaporean	205	95	115	10	0	10
Taiwanese	1,055	495	560	140	55	85
Thai	765	300	475	80	40	40
Tibetan	330	195	140	0	0	0
Vietnamese	21,140	10,320	10,820	2,565	1,225	1,340
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	1,175	540	635	20	0	15
Other Asian origins	3,860	1,870	1,995	115	75	40
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	3,865	1,865	1,995	115	75	45
Oceania origins	1,570	755	815	30	10	15
Australian	655	340	310	30	10	15
New Zealander	245	120	125	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	690	310	385	0	0	0
Fijian	525	220	305	0	0	0
Hawaiian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Maori	35	20	20	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	70	35	30	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
Owner	327,825	...	...	18,305	...	...
Renter	102,350	...	...	19,075	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
Condominium	80,065	...	...	9,925	...	...
Not condominium	350,115	...	...	27,450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
No bedrooms	995	...	...	220	...	...
1 bedroom	38,945	...	...	8,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	67,715	...	...	13,155	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,495	...	...	11,410	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	174,030	...	...	4,565	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	101,715	...	...	19,220	...	...
5 rooms	63,820	...	...	7,105	...	...
6 rooms	68,690	...	...	3,840	...	...
7 rooms	62,070	...	...	2,845	...	...
8 or more rooms	133,890	...	...	4,370	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
One person or fewer per room	407,385	...	...	34,870	...	...
More than 1 person per room	22,790	...	...	2,510	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
Suitable	387,290	...	...	31,825	...	...
Not suitable	42,885	...	...	5,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
1960 or before	28,220	...	...	9,910	...	...
1961 to 1980	117,990	...	...	11,435	...	...
1981 to 1990	77,185	...	...	4,595	...	...
1991 to 2000	77,040	...	...	3,355	...	...
2001 to 2005	57,230	...	...	2,625	...	...
2006 to 2010	39,665	...	...	3,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	32,850	...	...	2,225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	430,180	...	...	37,380	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	412,040	...	...	34,845	...	...
Major repairs needed	18,140	...	...	2,535	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
1 household maintainer	219,875	...	...	24,330	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,780	...	...	11,915	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	22,525	...	...	1,130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	430,180	...	...	37,375	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,375	...	...	655	...	...
25 to 34 years	46,220	...	...	5,130	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,740	...	...	7,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	113,745	...	...	7,875	...	...
55 to 64 years	90,980	...	...	6,375	...	...
65 to 74 years	52,835	...	...	4,775	...	...
75 to 84 years	25,055	...	...	3,155	...	...
85 years and over	8,225	...	...	1,485	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	429,575	...	...	37,340	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	292,915	...	...	26,090	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	136,655	...	...	11,250	...	...
30% to less than 100%	118,860	...	...	9,440	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	327,545	...	...	18,305	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	70.1	...	...	57.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.6	...	...	22.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,770	...	...	1,227	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,774	...	...	1,399	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	572,983	...	...	400,735	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	618,409	...	...	463,060	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	102,340	...	...	19,075	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.9	...	...	5.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.3	...	...	37.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,248	...	...	859	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,264	...	...	910	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,119,405	544,800	574,605	77,635	37,285	40,350
No certificate, diploma or degree	193,220	91,985	101,235	12,810	5,790	7,020
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	314,145	156,255	157,890	15,995	7,625	8,375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	612,040	296,555	315,485	48,825	23,865	24,960
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	52,600	35,985	16,615	5,760	3,115	2,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	28,865	17,805	11,060	4,165	2,125	2,040
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	23,735	18,180	5,555	1,595	985	610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	203,965	90,435	113,530	12,530	5,700	6,835
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,045	14,040	16,000	3,210	1,340	1,870
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	325,435	156,095	169,340	27,320	13,715	13,610
Bachelor's degree	220,500	102,430	118,070	16,400	7,865	8,540
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20,995	10,090	10,910	2,810	1,365	1,445
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,880	4,150	4,725	1,010	570	445
Master's degree	68,680	35,315	33,365	6,020	3,270	2,750
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	6,375	4,105	2,270	1,075	645	430
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	751,865	363,070	388,800	51,600	25,170	26,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	79,325	39,940	39,390	5,285	2,525	2,760
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	182,765	90,750	92,020	8,310	4,055	4,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	489,770	232,380	257,390	38,005	18,590	19,410
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	36,980	25,025	11,955	4,250	2,280	1,970
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,530	12,510	8,015	3,130	1,600	1,530
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	16,455	12,515	3,945	1,125	685	440
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	159,455	69,490	89,965	8,215	3,820	4,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,285	10,280	12,000	2,390	1,010	1,380
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	271,050	127,590	143,460	23,145	11,480	11,670
Bachelor's degree	179,810	82,465	97,345	13,725	6,540	7,180
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	17,340	8,040	9,300	2,330	1,080	1,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,595	3,395	4,195	820	425	395
Master's degree	61,265	30,675	30,595	5,380	2,925	2,455
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,045	3,015	2,030	895	510	390
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,119,400	544,800	574,605	77,635	37,285	40,350
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	507,365	248,240	259,120	28,810	13,420	15,390
Education	28,755	5,435	23,320	2,440	490	1,950
13. Education	28,760	5,435	23,320	2,440	490	1,950
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,270	8,855	10,420	1,650	660	990
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,120	2,360	765	145	105	40
50. Visual and performing arts	16,150	6,495	9,650	1,505	555	955
Humanities	42,175	13,715	28,460	3,145	1,020	2,130
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,135	765	3,365	645	145	500
23. English language and literature/letters	9,380	2,180	7,200	460	85	375
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	19,120	6,395	12,725	1,030	390	635
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	95	50	40	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,940	995	945	165	80	90
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,730	1,120	610	90	55	35
54. History	4,705	2,080	2,630	250	135	115
55. French language and literature/letters	1,070	125	940	515	130	385
Social and behavioural sciences and law	74,210	23,275	50,935	6,435	2,415	4,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	585	80	500	65	25	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,450	2,385	4,070	555	180	375
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,905	1,130	11,775	980	110	880
22. Legal professions and studies	12,425	4,260	8,160	1,290	615	680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,150	265	890	105	10	100
42. Psychology	9,825	2,015	7,810	710	160	545
45. Social sciences	30,870	13,140	17,730	2,730	1,325	1,405
Business, management and public administration	152,960	67,645	85,315	12,905	5,645	7,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	325	120	205	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,085	1,630	6,455	360	85	275
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,550	65,895	78,655	12,535	5,560	6,975
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,050	14,775	17,275	2,945	1,440	1,510
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,850	4,340	7,505	1,145	400	745
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	9,485	4,245	5,240	550	330	225
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	360	115	245	260	145	110
40. Physical sciences	8,990	5,580	3,410	945	555	390
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,365	490	870	50	15	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	37,240	24,015	13,220	3,060	2,070	995
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30,420	20,570	9,850	2,535	1,800	730
25. Library science	740	100	640	130	35	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,590	3,025	2,570	350	195	160
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	485	325	165	55	40	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	119,190	105,550	13,635	8,880	7,385	1,500
04. Architecture and related services	4,725	3,180	1,550	415	225	190
14. Engineering	49,655	40,705	8,945	4,895	3,855	1,035
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	22,130	19,945	2,195	1,325	1,150	170
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	14,755	14,515	245	660	635	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,365	17,920	445	1,115	1,085	30
48. Precision production	9,550	9,295	255	470	430	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,920	3,975	2,950	410	210	205
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,735	2,840	1,900	305	175	130
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,185	1,135	1,055	105	30	75
Health and related fields	72,200	16,240	55,965	5,305	1,700	3,605
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,895	2,655	2,240	205	135	65
51. Health professions and related programs	65,345	12,675	52,670	4,845	1,400	3,445
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,965	905	1,055	265	165	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	27,040	13,070	13,970	1,640	835	805
12. Personal and culinary services	15,110	3,985	11,130	1,080	370	710
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	70	60	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	120	120	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	7,765	5,325	2,440	210	185	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,970	3,580	390	340	270	70
Other	30	0	25	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	20	0	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	751,870	363,070	388,800	51,595	25,170	26,430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	262,095	130,690	131,410	13,595	6,580	7,015
Education	21,125	3,720	17,405	1,565	275	1,295
13. Education	21,125	3,720	17,405	1,565	270	1,295
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,650	6,565	8,090	1,240	500	730
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,195	1,650	540	90	80	15
50. Visual and performing arts	12,460	4,910	7,550	1,145	425	720
Humanities	34,150	10,470	23,680	2,240	685	1,555
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,375	580	2,795	525	105	415
23. English language and literature/letters	7,615	1,615	6,000	405	65	345
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15,825	4,955	10,870	590	240	345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	70	40	30	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,495	735	755	120	60	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,330	855	475	55	40	20
54. History	3,635	1,590	2,045	170	90	80
55. French language and literature/letters	810	95	710	365	85	280
Social and behavioural sciences and law	58,830	17,865	40,965	5,020	1,825	3,195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	485	75	410	60	15	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,960	1,805	3,155	465	145	320
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,695	750	8,945	780	65	715
22. Legal professions and studies	10,365	3,255	7,110	1,080	495	590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	830	215	615	65	0	55
42. Psychology	7,655	1,460	6,190	530	115	415
45. Social sciences	24,840	10,305	14,535	2,045	980	1,065
Business, management and public administration	126,950	55,025	71,925	10,345	4,465	5,880
30.16 Accounting and computer science	250	90	160	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,495	1,310	5,185	290	70	220
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	120,205	53,625	66,585	10,050	4,395	5,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	24,530	10,695	13,840	2,070	990	1,080
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,960	3,040	5,915	990	345	645
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,315	3,100	4,215	315	200	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	305	90	215	55	45	15
40. Physical sciences	6,940	4,145	2,795	680	390	295
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	315	700	35	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	33,655	21,635	12,025	2,770	1,885	885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	28,020	18,950	9,070	2,350	1,670	680
25. Library science	565	80	485	115	35	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,645	2,330	2,310	260	145	115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	425	270	150	50	40	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,635	80,960	11,675	7,270	5,900	1,375
04. Architecture and related services	3,840	2,535	1,310	345	185	160
14. Engineering	41,180	33,255	7,925	4,280	3,295	985
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	16,660	14,920	1,745	1,005	855	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10,590	10,400	190	495	475	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,600	13,270	335	820	795	25
48. Precision production	6,760	6,585	175	330	300	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,375	3,020	2,355	320	165	160
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,695	2,120	1,580	235	135	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,675	900	780	90	30	60
Health and related fields	57,665	12,880	44,785	3,870	1,240	2,630
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,450	1,825	1,630	160	100	65
51. Health professions and related programs	52,600	10,330	42,270	3,515	1,020	2,495
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,610	725	885	195	120	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,185	9,565	10,625	1,280	660	620
12. Personal and culinary services	11,330	2,860	8,470	850	290	550
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	55	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	5,580	3,740	1,840	160	140	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,170	2,860	305	275	220	55
Other	25	0	15	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	0	15	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,119,400	544,795	574,605	77,635	37,280	40,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	507,365	248,240	259,120	28,810	13,420	15,390
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	612,035	296,555	315,485	48,825	23,865	24,960
Location of study inside Canada	372,745	177,050	195,695	32,090	15,425	16,665
Same as province or territory of residence	350,540	165,910	184,635	30,915	14,790	16,120
Different than province or territory of residence	22,205	11,140	11,060	1,175	635	545
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	239,295	119,505	119,785	16,730	8,435	8,295
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,510	8,290	6,215	560	390	165
Philippines	21,430	8,435	12,990	630	215	425
India	78,210	39,045	39,165	635	335	295
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	12,160	7,265	4,900	240	145	95
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,350	4,875	5,475	1,455	695	765
France	755	450	305	1,105	700	400
Other	101,880	51,145	50,735	12,105	5,960	6,150
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	751,865	363,070	388,800	51,595	25,175	26,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	262,095	130,690	131,405	13,595	6,580	7,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	489,770	232,385	257,390	38,005	18,595	19,410
Location of study inside Canada	291,430	136,115	155,310	24,405	11,855	12,550
Same as province or territory of residence	274,150	127,395	146,755	23,430	11,335	12,095
Different than province or territory of residence	17,280	8,720	8,555	970	520	455
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	198,345	96,265	102,080	13,600	6,735	6,860
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	12,215	6,850	5,365	400	270	130
Philippines	17,310	6,795	10,515	510	165	340
India	68,375	33,105	35,265	535	290	245
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,530	4,370	3,155	180	110	70
China^{Census data footnote 162}	8,730	4,040	4,690	1,320	625	695
France	660	385	275	955	600	355
Other	83,530	40,720	42,810	9,700	4,675	5,030
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,119,400	544,800	574,605	77,635	37,280	40,350
In the labour force	753,110	396,145	356,965	47,545	25,460	22,085
Employed	691,470	366,380	325,090	42,660	22,815	19,845
Unemployed	61,640	29,770	31,870	4,890	2,650	2,240
Not in the labour force	366,295	148,650	217,645	30,090	11,820	18,270
Participation rate	67.3	72.7	62.1	61.2	68.3	54.7
Employment rate	61.8	67.3	56.6	54.9	61.2	49.2
Unemployment rate	8.2	7.5	8.9	10.3	10.4	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,119,405	544,795	574,605	77,635	37,285	40,350
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	359,130	145,175	213,950	29,710	11,635	18,075
Worked	760,275	399,620	360,655	47,925	25,645	22,275
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	394,335	223,105	171,230	22,235	12,820	9,410
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	365,940	176,510	189,425	25,690	12,830	12,865
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.2	41.7	41.4	42.2	40.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	753,110	396,145	356,960	47,545	25,460	22,080
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	22,235	9,665	12,565	2,290	1,105	1,185
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	730,875	386,480	344,395	45,255	24,355	20,900
Employee	647,680	327,790	319,890	39,340	20,480	18,870
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	83,190	58,685	24,505	5,910	3,880	2,030
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	753,110	396,145	356,960	47,545	25,465	22,085
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	22,235	9,665	12,570	2,290	1,110	1,185
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	730,870	386,475	344,395	45,255	24,355	20,900
0 Management occupations	75,485	46,820	28,665	5,435	3,360	2,080
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,660	47,205	88,460	8,290	3,295	4,990
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	61,350	47,770	13,585	5,200	3,970	1,230
3 Health occupations	37,400	7,720	29,675	2,885	940	1,945
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	63,220	17,320	45,900	4,860	1,355	3,505
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	16,150	7,745	8,405	1,215	545	670
6 Sales and service occupations	171,385	74,350	97,035	11,640	6,140	5,500
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	113,840	103,800	10,040	3,390	3,170	220
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,230	4,120	1,110	135	125	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	51,150	29,625	21,520	2,205	1,460	750
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	753,110	396,145	356,960	47,545	25,460	22,085
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	22,235	9,665	12,565	2,290	1,105	1,185
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	730,870	386,480	344,395	45,255	24,355	20,900
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,180	1,190	985	115	75	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	865	570	290	50	30	20
22 Utilities	3,055	2,155	895	155	85	70
23 Construction	44,755	38,535	6,220	1,250	1,000	255
31-33 Manufacturing	90,485	59,460	31,025	5,320	3,550	1,775
41 Wholesale trade	41,925	25,060	16,865	2,790	1,575	1,210
44-45 Retail trade	85,420	40,990	44,435	5,655	2,985	2,670
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	69,920	49,975	19,950	2,490	1,795	690
51 Information and cultural industries	17,780	10,585	7,190	1,415	935	480
52 Finance and insurance	47,500	21,075	26,420	2,565	1,310	1,255
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15,495	8,405	7,090	1,055	590	460
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	61,500	35,370	26,130	5,155	3,090	2,060
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,820	730	1,090	75	25	55
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	41,990	22,870	19,115	2,410	1,460	945
61 Educational services	43,010	11,630	31,375	3,080	955	2,125
62 Health care and social assistance	59,270	10,265	49,000	4,770	1,180	3,590
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,720	5,100	4,625	500	280	220
72 Accommodation and food services	42,205	17,110	25,095	3,295	1,920	1,375
81 Other services (except public administration)	27,630	13,470	14,155	1,660	725	935
91 Public administration	24,375	11,920	12,455	1,450	775	675
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	691,470	366,380	325,095	42,655	22,815	19,845
Worked at home	38,220	20,040	18,180	2,910	1,585	1,320
Worked outside Canada	4,605	3,350	1,260	355	240	115
No fixed workplace address	83,895	61,765	22,130	3,305	2,155	1,150
Worked at usual place	564,745	281,225	283,520	36,090	18,830	17,260
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	564,745	281,225	283,520	36,090	18,835	17,255
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	253,315	116,085	137,230	27,975	14,285	13,690
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	103,625	53,095	50,530	4,700	2,590	2,110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	206,570	111,250	95,315	3,250	1,850	1,395
Commute to a different province or territory	1,240	795	445	165	105	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	648,640	342,985	305,650	39,395	20,985	18,405
Car, truck, van - as a driver	482,165	275,395	206,765	22,735	13,575	9,160
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	44,075	15,445	28,635	1,295	365	925
Public transit	100,595	42,280	58,320	12,990	5,920	7,075
Walked	14,215	5,800	8,415	1,715	720	990
Bicycle	1,900	1,440	460	335	245	95
Other method	5,690	2,630	3,065	330	160	165
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	648,640	342,990	305,650	39,395	20,990	18,405
Less than 15 minutes	92,285	40,940	51,340	6,280	3,195	3,085
15 to 29 minutes	213,080	110,595	102,485	14,180	8,035	6,145
30 to 44 minutes	165,815	93,900	71,920	10,545	5,635	4,915
45 to 59 minutes	74,125	41,245	32,880	5,165	2,540	2,620
60 minutes and over	103,340	56,310	47,030	3,220	1,585	1,640
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	648,640	342,985	305,650	39,395	20,985	18,405
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	47,960	33,830	14,125	1,440	1,045	390
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	113,970	67,950	46,025	4,860	2,895	1,965
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	161,200	78,665	82,530	10,900	5,465	5,435
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	127,150	58,895	68,255	10,745	5,260	5,495
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	83,390	39,860	43,530	6,230	3,070	3,160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	114,970	63,780	51,190	5,220	3,255	1,965
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	789,535	413,665	375,865	49,865	26,580	23,280
Single responses	768,470	402,660	365,805	38,885	20,610	18,280
Official languages	754,165	395,015	359,145	37,570	19,930	17,640
English	751,975	394,470	357,505	16,220	9,065	7,155
French	2,185	545	1,640	21,350	10,865	10,490
Non-official languages	14,305	7,640	6,660	1,315	680	635
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,305	7,645	6,660	1,315	680	630
Afro-Asiatic languages	470	295	175	245	145	100
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	460	295	170	245	145	100
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	445	285	155	245	145	100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	480	185	295	75	40	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Vietnamese	475	185	295	55	35	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	255	105	150	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	95	130	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	320	120	195	15	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	280	105	175	15	0	10
Telugu	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,450	5,210	4,245	280	150	125
Albanian	50	35	15	0	0	0
Armenian	0	10	0	20	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,465	780	685	70	40	30
Baltic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,435	760	675	70	40	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0	0	10
Croatian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Polish	875	475	405	0	0	0
Russian	120	65	55	60	35	25
Serbian	50	35	15	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	270	110	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	35	15	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	10	40	20	20
Indo-Iranian languages	6,490	3,525	2,965	30	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	6,380	3,465	2,910	0	0	0
Bengali	35	20	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	315	110	210	0	0	0
Hindi	485	205	280	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,995	2,900	2,095	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	495	210	290	10	0	0
Iranian languages	105	55	50	30	15	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	105	55	50	25	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,385	835	550	110	60	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	90	50	45	10	10	10
Portuguese	630	450	180	10	10	0
Romanian	15	10	0	15	10	0
Spanish	645	330	315	80	45	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	290	130	160	15	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	90	20	70	10	0	0
American Sign Language	60	10	50	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	10	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,815	1,505	1,310	685	330	355
Chinese languages	2,810	1,500	1,310	685	330	355
Cantonese	970	530	435	365	175	190
Hakka	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,760	925	840	280	130	150
Min Dong	25	15	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10	0	0	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	25	35	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	25	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	20	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	21,065	11,005	10,060	10,975	5,975	5,005
English and French	4,050	1,495	2,555	9,655	5,235	4,425
English and non-official language	16,705	9,370	7,340	460	285	175
French and non-official language	25	20	10	215	135	85
English, French and non-official language	280	125	160	645	315	330
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	789,530	413,660	375,865	49,865	26,585	23,285
None	731,890	382,990	348,895	27,385	14,450	12,935
English	7,400	3,750	3,650	11,740	6,330	5,405
French	8,240	3,185	5,055	8,035	4,350	3,690
Non-official language	41,375	23,425	17,945	1,815	1,015	800
Aboriginal	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	41,360	23,420	17,945	1,815	1,015	800
English and French	15	0	15	120	65	60
English and non-official language	125	85	45	460	205	260
French and non-official language	485	225	255	300	165	135
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,358,025	667,915	690,120	96,170	46,785	49,380
Non-movers	1,193,235	585,810	607,430	82,530	39,830	42,700
Movers	164,795	82,105	82,690	13,635	6,955	6,675
Non-migrants	92,470	45,915	46,555	8,790	4,510	4,280
Migrants	72,325	36,190	36,135	4,845	2,445	2,395
Internal migrants	47,125	23,625	23,495	1,275	630	640
Intraprovincial migrants	42,080	21,025	21,050	905	425	480
Interprovincial migrants	5,045	2,605	2,445	370	210	165
External migrants	25,200	12,560	12,635	3,570	1,815	1,755
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,296,425	636,670	659,755	90,385	43,715	46,660
Non-movers	798,505	391,650	406,855	51,895	24,625	27,270
Movers	497,920	245,020	252,895	38,485	19,090	19,395
Non-migrants	270,380	132,650	137,730	23,620	11,750	11,875
Migrants	227,540	112,375	115,170	14,860	7,345	7,520
Internal migrants	131,905	64,945	66,960	3,525	1,755	1,770
Intraprovincial migrants	121,635	59,770	61,865	2,780	1,325	1,460
Interprovincial migrants	10,270	5,175	5,095	745	430	315
External migrants	95,635	47,430	48,205	11,335	5,590	5,745

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Peel, RM [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Laurent [Federal electoral district], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Laurent [Federal electoral district], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Laurent [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Laurent [Federal electoral district], Quebec