Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lincoln, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Lincoln, T Ontario [Census subdivision]			Division No. 9, CDR Manitoba [Census division]
	Data quality , Lincoln, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Lincoln, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	23,787	...	...	24,391	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	22,487	...	...	23,489	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	8,934	...	...	9,807	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	8,710	...	...	9,169	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	146.1	...	...	8.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	162.81	...	...	2,987.91	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	23,790	11,600	12,185	24,390	12,015	12,375
0 to 14 years	4,070	2,065	2,005	5,230	2,670	2,560
0 to 4 years	1,360	675	685	1,840	940	900
5 to 9 years	1,335	675	665	1,765	895	875
10 to 14 years	1,370	715	655	1,620	835	785
15 to 64 years	14,720	7,320	7,405	15,185	7,565	7,615
15 to 19 years	1,470	720	745	1,655	905	750
20 to 24 years	1,360	715	650	1,435	765	675
25 to 29 years	1,140	595	540	1,495	730	765
30 to 34 years	1,245	600	640	1,445	730	715
35 to 39 years	1,330	670	665	1,315	595	720
40 to 44 years	1,445	700	745	1,365	675	690
45 to 49 years	1,560	745	815	1,375	670	705
50 to 54 years	1,910	945	965	1,710	845	860
55 to 59 years	1,740	870	870	1,850	910	935
60 to 64 years	1,525	760	770	1,540	735	805
65 years and over	5,000	2,215	2,785	3,980	1,780	2,195
65 to 69 years	1,375	640	730	1,260	625	635
70 to 74 years	1,215	585	630	960	455	510
75 to 79 years	870	405	465	715	320	395
80 to 84 years	735	315	420	475	210	265
85 years and over	810	270	540	570	170	395
85 to 89 years	500	185	315	360	130	230
90 to 94 years	230	65	170	160	40	120
95 to 99 years	70	20	50	45	0	40
100 years and over	15	0	10	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	17.8	16.5	21.4	22.2	20.7
15 to 64 years	61.9	63.1	60.8	62.3	63.0	61.5
65 years and over	21.0	19.1	22.9	16.3	14.8	17.7
85 years and over	3.4	2.3	4.4	2.3	1.4	3.2
Average age of the population	42.9	41.8	44.0	39.0	37.8	40.2
Median age of the population	44.5	43.1	45.7	38.5	36.7	40.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	8,710	...	...	9,165	...	...
Single-detached house	6,300	...	...	6,935	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	65	...	...	200	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	2,340	...	...	1,625	...	...
Semi-detached house	685	...	...	330	...	...
Row house	1,045	...	...	330	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	115	...	...	60	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	440	...	...	890	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
1 person	1,810	...	...	2,725	...	...
2 persons	3,285	...	...	3,225	...	...
3 persons	1,320	...	...	1,255	...	...
4 persons	1,385	...	...	1,075	...	...
5 or more persons	915	...	...	900	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,950	...	...	22,375	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	19,720	9,535	10,190	19,160	9,350	9,815
Married or living common law	12,590	6,315	6,280	10,775	5,385	5,390
Married	11,120	5,580	5,540	8,985	4,500	4,490
Living common law	1,475	735	735	1,790	885	905
Not married and not living common law	7,130	3,220	3,910	8,385	3,960	4,425
Never married	4,345	2,330	2,015	5,615	3,075	2,540
Separated	530	235	290	495	225	265
Divorced	905	375	530	965	380	585
Widowed	1,350	280	1,075	1,310	280	1,030
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	6,905	...	...	6,325	...	...
2 persons	3,490	...	...	3,320	...	...
3 persons	1,315	...	...	1,245	...	...
4 persons	1,365	...	...	1,035	...	...
5 or more persons	730	...	...	725	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	6,905	...	...	6,330	...	...
Total couple families	6,120	...	...	4,995	...	...
Married couples	5,385	...	...	4,100	...	...
Common-law couples	740	...	...	890	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	785	...	...	1,335	...	...
Female parent	600	...	...	1,055	...	...
Male parent	185	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	6,115	...	...	4,995	...	...
Couples without children	3,035	...	...	2,620	...	...
Couples with children	3,080	...	...	2,380	...	...
1 child	1,075	...	...	880	...	...
2 children	1,295	...	...	885	...	...
3 or more children	715	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	785	...	...	1,330	...	...
1 child	455	...	...	705	...	...
2 children	240	...	...	370	...	...
3 or more children	90	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,545	1,095	1,450	3,830	1,850	1,985
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
One-census-family households	6,615	...	...	6,035	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	2,905	...	...	2,550	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	3,705	...	...	3,485	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	145	...	...	145	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,955	...	...	2,995	...	...
One-person households	1,815	...	...	2,725	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	140	...	...	270	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	23,200	11,390	11,815	23,850	11,755	12,095
English only	21,900	10,855	11,040	21,795	10,750	11,045
French only	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and French	1,190	465	725	1,895	915	985
Neither English nor French	115	70	45	140	80	60
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	23,205	11,385	11,815	23,850	11,755	12,095
English	22,825	11,210	11,610	22,900	11,245	11,650
French	240	100	140	795	420	375
English and French	25	5	20	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	115	70	45	135	80	55
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	250	100	150	805	425	380
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	0.9	1.3	3.4	3.6	3.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	23,205	11,385	11,810	23,850	11,750	12,095
Single responses	22,985	11,290	11,695	23,485	11,570	11,915
Official languages	20,235	9,915	10,315	20,570	10,145	10,430
English	19,970	9,810	10,165	19,715	9,695	10,015
French	265	110	155	860	445	410
Non-official languages	2,760	1,370	1,385	2,915	1,430	1,485
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	295	125	170
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	255	100	160
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	90	140
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	225	90	140
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,755	1,375	1,385	2,620	1,300	1,315
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	10	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	5	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	25	25	10	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	25	10	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	5	5	5	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	10	30	210	100	115
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	35	195	90	105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	65	35	30
Kannada	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tamil	10	0	5	10	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,415	1,215	1,200	2,225	1,105	1,115
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	560	265	290	190	80	110
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0	5	0
Slavic languages	535	255	280	185	80	110
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	75	45	35	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	15	5	5	5
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	200	95	105	20	10	10
Russian	30	15	20	35	15	15
Serbian	40	20	20	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	25	20	5	5	0
Ukrainian	90	45	50	125	50	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	5	5
Welsh	5	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,155	555	595	1,810	895	910
Afrikaans	10	5	5	5	5	0
Danish	15	5	5	0	0	5
Dutch	660	325	340	110	55	55
Frisian	15	10	0	5	0	5
German	440	205	240	1,675	830	845
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	20	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	85	45	40	95	50	45
Indo-Aryan languages	80	40	40	90	45	40
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gujarati	10	5	5	15	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	25	25	25	10	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0	30	20	10
Iranian languages	10	5	0	10	0	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	570	325	245	125	70	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	275	145	130	10	10	5
Portuguese	120	60	60	10	5	5
Romanian	15	10	10	5	5	5
Spanish	165	115	55	90	55	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5	5	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	15	5	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	40	25	10	15
Chinese languages	75	35	35	25	10	15
Cantonese	15	10	10	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	20	15	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	30	20	10
Lao	0	0	0	25	15	10
Thai	5	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Uralic languages	80	35	45	15	5	5
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10	0	5	0
Hungarian	60	25	30	5	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	210	95	115	365	185	180
English and French	45	15	30	90	50	40
English and non-official language	165	80	80	275	130	140
French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	23,205	11,390	11,815	23,850	11,755	12,095
Single responses	22,810	11,195	11,615	23,335	11,500	11,835
Official languages	22,205	10,885	11,325	21,775	10,725	11,055
English	22,145	10,855	11,285	21,460	10,565	10,890
French	60	25	35	315	155	160
Non-official languages	605	315	290	1,560	775	780
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	50	25	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	40	15	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	605	315	290	1,505	755	755
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	105	60	50
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	105	55	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	30	20	15
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	470	245	225	1,295	645	650
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	65	75	40	20	25
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	135	60	75	35	20	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	25	25	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	10	25	15	10
Serbian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	30	40	1,125	550	570
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10	15	5	5
Frisian	0	5	0	0	5	0
German	55	30	35	1,105	540	565
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	15	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	20	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	20	50	30	20
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5	20	10	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	130	80	75	40	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	60	30	30	0	5	0
Portuguese	35	15	20	5	5	5
Romanian	5	5	5	5	5	0
Spanish	115	85	25	65	40	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	15	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	20	20	10	10
Chinese languages	45	25	20	20	10	10
Cantonese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15	10	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	5	5
Thai	5	5	5	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	390	190	200	515	250	265
English and French	20	5	10	45	15	25
English and non-official language	370	185	180	470	230	240
French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	23,205	11,385	11,815	23,850	11,755	12,100
None	21,755	10,710	11,045	21,705	10,700	11,000
English	295	145	155	910	455	460
French	160	65	100	435	220	215
Non-official language	975	465	510	780	370	415
Aboriginal	5	0	0	325	140	185
Non-Aboriginal	970	460	510	455	225	230
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	5
French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,595	9,020
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	18,335	8,945	9,390	16,915	8,240	8,675
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,821	48,922	29,161	33,575	39,453	29,337
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	18,340	8,945	9,395	16,920	8,240	8,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,127	43,048	26,716	29,899	34,393	26,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	17,250	8,560	8,685	15,060	7,530	7,525
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,829	45,665	24,399	31,387	37,805	25,798
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	12,795	5,675	7,115	12,440	5,450	6,990
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,560	5,229	6,904	6,232	4,115	7,105
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,065	7,335	6,730	12,415	6,465	5,955
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,706	44,100	26,087	32,775	38,568	28,105
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	18,890	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,570	9,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	18,370	8,975	9,395	16,855	8,165	8,685
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,107	59,344	41,280	39,722	44,835	34,915
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	18,370	8,980	9,395	16,855	8,165	8,685
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,458	48,239	34,979	33,498	37,121	30,091
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	17,240	8,540	8,710	15,025	7,470	7,555
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,354	57,110	37,788	37,921	43,798	32,114
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	12,805	5,645	7,160	12,325	5,325	7,000
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,121	8,010	8,208	8,088	7,344	8,653
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,065	7,355	6,705	12,415	6,365	6,055
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,366	52,634	37,390	38,158	43,408	32,639
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,575	9,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	6,895	4,035	2,855	6,170	3,485	2,685
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	57,697	64,325	50,339	47,818	52,362	42,951
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	66,358	72,808	57,258	52,991	57,624	46,977
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.7	91.8	84.3	85.2	89.7	79.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.9	73.3	65.0	70.6	75.7	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.3	8.2	15.8	14.9	10.3	20.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,600	9,015
Without total income	560	240	325	700	360	340
With total income	18,335	8,940	9,390	16,915	8,240	8,675
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.4	96.7	96.0	95.8	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,260	850	1,415	2,350	1,135	1,215
$10,000 to $19,999	2,845	955	1,885	2,685	1,040	1,640
$20,000 to $29,999	2,470	960	1,515	2,585	1,030	1,555
$30,000 to $39,999	2,030	900	1,130	2,240	950	1,290
$40,000 to $49,999	1,875	910	965	2,190	1,065	1,130
$50,000 to $59,999	1,595	870	725	1,595	910	680
$60,000 to $69,999	1,210	745	465	980	610	370
$70,000 to $79,999	1,000	655	345	770	510	260
$80,000 to $89,999	785	530	260	515	325	195
$90,000 to $99,999	640	375	270	290	175	115
$100,000 and over	1,620	1,195	430	710	490	220
$100,000 to $149,999	1,125	810	310	555	375	175
$150,000 and over	495	380	115	155	115	40
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,600	9,020
Without after-tax income	555	235	320	700	355	340
With after-tax income	18,340	8,940	9,395	16,915	8,240	8,680
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.4	96.7	96.0	95.8	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,370	875	1,500	2,425	1,155	1,270
$10,000 to $19,999	2,965	1,000	1,965	2,895	1,150	1,745
$20,000 to $29,999	2,830	1,140	1,695	3,165	1,275	1,890
$30,000 to $39,999	2,445	1,130	1,310	2,885	1,320	1,565
$40,000 to $49,999	2,190	1,135	1,055	2,265	1,270	995
$50,000 to $59,999	1,670	1,030	640	1,360	840	525
$60,000 to $69,999	1,215	820	400	845	525	325
$70,000 to $79,999	1,000	610	385	450	275	175
$80,000 and over	1,650	1,205	450	615	430	185
$80,000 to $89,999	595	395	200	235	155	80
$90,000 to $99,999	325	260	65	155	110	45
$100,000 and over	735	550	185	230	165	60
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,595	9,020
Without employment income	4,830	1,845	2,990	5,195	2,135	3,060
With employment income	14,065	7,335	6,725	12,420	6,460	5,955
Percentage with employment income	74.4	79.9	69.2	70.5	75.2	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,220	1,135	1,085	1,555	735	815
$5,000 to $9,999	1,185	490	700	930	440	490
$10,000 to $19,999	1,780	705	1,075	1,630	730	905
$20,000 to $29,999	1,375	570	805	1,630	705	925
$30,000 to $39,999	1,270	530	740	1,585	720	860
$40,000 to $49,999	1,200	565	630	1,495	775	720
$50,000 to $59,999	1,035	590	450	1,085	690	395
$60,000 to $69,999	860	550	315	735	465	270
$70,000 to $79,999	715	475	240	575	400	175
$80,000 and over	2,420	1,725	695	1,195	805	390
$80,000 to $89,999	620	425	190	440	265	175
$90,000 to $99,999	580	335	250	240	150	85
$100,000 and over	1,225	970	255	520	380	135
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	86,816	...	...	61,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,696	...	...	54,165	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,815	...	...	2,720	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,096	...	...	33,636	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,212	...	...	29,856	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	6,895	...	...	6,445	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,171	...	...	78,247	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,348	...	...	67,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	105,684	...	...	73,013	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,442	...	...	61,572	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,790	...	...	2,730	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,165	...	...	38,327	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,634	...	...	32,822	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	6,920	...	...	6,440	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	119,543	...	...	87,713	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,787	...	...	73,757	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...	190	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	210	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...	220	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...	405	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	255	...	...	475	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	245	...	...	415	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	260	...	...	430	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	335	...	...	460	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	325	...	...	465	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	310	...	...	445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	630	...	...	810	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	610	...	...	685	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	585	...	...	680	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	605	...	...	565	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	565	...	...	495	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,595	...	...	2,240	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	...	...	970	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	815	...	...	575	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	950	...	...	450	...	...
$200,000 and over	660	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	8,710	...	...	9,165	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	200	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	210	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	230	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	165	...	...	425	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	525	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	270	...	...	520	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	305	...	...	520	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	410	...	...	570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	390	...	...	525	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	360	...	...	515	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	785	...	...	920	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	735	...	...	825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	735	...	...	710	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	725	...	...	615	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	590	...	...	475	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,705	...	...	1,385	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,115	...	...	740	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	710	...	...	355	...	...
$150,000 and over	880	...	...	290	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	6,810	...	...	6,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,913	...	...	78,068	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,087	...	...	67,527	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,840	...	...	2,495	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,928	...	...	78,005	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,149	...	...	66,511	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,115	...	...	2,400	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,843	...	...	100,634	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,048	...	...	85,853	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	720	...	...	1,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,787	...	...	43,853	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,472	...	...	40,880	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	6,815	...	...	6,270	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	119,621	...	...	87,615	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,753	...	...	73,615	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,870	...	...	2,485	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,903	...	...	85,558	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,521	...	...	71,035	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,105	...	...	2,405	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	144,955	...	...	110,548	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,143	...	...	92,097	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	720	...	...	1,195	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	81,336	...	...	49,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,329	...	...	44,344	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,170	945	1,225	3,255	1,580	1,685
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,559	43,776	33,824	32,357	35,296	30,563
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,133	37,973	31,424	28,987	30,528	27,856
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,170	985	1,190	3,225	1,550	1,680
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	48,476	53,129	44,611	37,096	39,078	35,268
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,798	43,347	38,682	31,812	32,963	30,750
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	22,955	11,235	11,715	22,375	11,025	11,350
In the bottom half of the distribution	8,795	4,135	4,660	13,490	6,420	7,075
In the bottom decile	1,020	500	520	3,250	1,555	1,690
In the second decile	1,365	585	785	2,680	1,195	1,485
In the third decile	2,025	920	1,105	2,565	1,215	1,345
In the fourth decile	1,965	950	1,015	2,530	1,230	1,300
In the fifth decile	2,415	1,185	1,230	2,470	1,220	1,250
In the top half of the distribution	14,155	7,105	7,055	8,880	4,610	4,270
In the sixth decile	2,655	1,315	1,335	2,315	1,200	1,110
In the seventh decile	2,805	1,390	1,415	2,175	1,110	1,060
In the eighth decile	3,075	1,560	1,515	1,935	1,010	930
In the ninth decile	3,200	1,615	1,585	1,615	840	770
In the top decile	2,425	1,225	1,195	850	445	400
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	22,955	11,240	11,715	20,910	10,270	10,640
0 to 17 years	4,910	2,480	2,430	5,070	2,620	2,450
0 to 5 years	1,635	820	820	1,760	905	860
18 to 64 years	13,595	6,690	6,900	12,315	6,045	6,270
65 years and over	4,450	2,065	2,385	3,525	1,610	1,910
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,650	755	895	3,590	1,600	1,985
0 to 17 years	400	205	190	1,295	655	645
0 to 5 years	125	65	60	535	275	260
18 to 64 years	925	430	495	1,730	750	980
65 years and over	330	115	210	560	195	360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.2	6.7	7.6	17.2	15.6	18.7
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	8.3	7.8	25.5	25.0	26.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	7.9	7.3	30.4	30.4	30.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.4	7.2	14.0	12.4	15.6
65 years and over (%)	7.4	5.6	8.8	15.9	12.1	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	585	300	285	1,340	620	720
0 to 17 years	130	65	65	435	195	240
0 to 5 years	40	25	20	205	95	110
18 to 64 years	395	210	190	845	400	445
65 years and over	50	20	35	55	25	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.7	2.4	6.4	6.0	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.7	8.6	7.4	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	3.0	2.4	11.6	10.5	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.1	2.8	6.9	6.6	7.1
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	22,950	11,240	11,715	22,375	11,025	11,350
Official languages	22,890	11,210	11,680	22,315	10,985	11,335
English	22,890	11,210	11,680	22,305	10,980	11,325
French	1,175	445	730	1,910	940	970
Non-official languages	3,305	1,620	1,690	2,310	1,155	1,160
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	560	255	305
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	495	215	285
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	20	0	20
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	460	200	260
Algonquin	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	445	195	245
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	70	40	30
Dakota	0	0	0	70	40	25
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,300	1,615	1,685	1,755	900	855
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	10	20	40	25	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	10	20	35	25	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	10	10	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	0	30	270	125	145
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	15	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	25	265	125	145
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	115	70	45
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	80	50	30
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,870	1,435	1,435	1,280	650	625
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	625	315	310	220	95	130
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	610	305	300	220	95	130
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	15	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	95	55	40	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	225	100	120	15	10	10
Russian	30	20	15	90	50	35
Serbian	85	60	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	25	30	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	50	55	140	55	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,445	720	725	860	450	410
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	25	15	10	0	0	10
Dutch	815	390	425	135	70	60
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	10
German	570	300	275	705	365	340
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	15	10	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Greek	50	30	20	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	15	130	75	55
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10	130	75	50
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	10	0	10
Hindi	10	10	0	90	50	40
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	10	25	25	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	15	0	25	15	10
Iranian languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	10	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	745	360	380	110	55	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	445	200	245	10	0	0
Portuguese	115	55	55	10	10	0
Romanian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	165	90	75	95	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	10	15	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	15	10	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	25	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	40	20	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	15	20	15	10
American Sign Language	15	10	10	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	70	60	10	0	10
Chinese languages	135	70	60	10	10	0
Cantonese	30	10	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	35	35	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	10	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	10
Thai	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	0	0	0	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	115	50	60	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	90	45	45	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	22,950	11,240	11,715	22,370	11,025	11,350
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	22,350	10,945	11,405	21,580	10,615	10,965
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,895	2,450	2,445	5,635	2,960	2,670
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,455	8,500	8,955	15,945	7,645	8,290
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	600	290	315	795	410	385
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	22,955	11,240	11,715	22,375	11,025	11,350
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	19,625	9,540	10,085	20,915	10,275	10,645
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,245	1,650	1,590	1,280	645	630
Before 1981	2,190	1,125	1,065	430	220	210
1981 to 1990	360	215	145	105	45	55
1991 to 2000	325	120	210	70	40	35
2001 to 2010	230	125	100	320	155	160
2001 to 2005	135	75	60	75	30	45
2006 to 2010	90	50	35	245	130	115
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	140	70	70	360	185	175
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	85	45	40	175	105	75
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,240	1,655	1,590	1,280	645	635
Under 5 years	500	260	240	170	120	50
5 to 14 years	825	475	355	220	110	115
15 to 24 years	905	455	455	300	135	165
25 to 44 years	875	405	470	505	245	265
45 years and over	135	60	70	85	40	40
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,245	1,655	1,590	1,280	645	635
Americas	460	230	235	235	110	125
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	10	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	0	10	10	10
Guyana	25	10	15	0	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	30	10	0	0	0
Mexico	30	15	15	50	40	10
Peru	30	20	10	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	10	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	200	70	130	125	45	80
Other places of birth in Americas	95	60	35	25	15	10
Europe	2,435	1,260	1,175	535	270	265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0	0	0
Croatia	60	30	30	0	0	0
France	0	0	10	45	30	15
Germany	175	105	70	110	70	40
Greece	30	20	15	10	0	0
Hungary	60	30	35	0	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	0	10	10	0	0
Italy	195	120	80	0	0	0
Netherlands	700	365	335	75	30	45
Poland	135	55	85	10	10	10
Portugal	70	45	30	0	10	0
Romania	15	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	25	15	15
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	0	40	20	25
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	755	395	355	170	80	85
Other places of birth in Europe	155	65	95	30	0	20
Africa	60	30	30	45	35	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0	10	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10	0	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	0	10	0
Asia	255	125	135	460	220	240
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	30	25	10	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	0	10	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	115	60	55
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	10	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	25	15	10	25	20	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	10	10	10	0	0
Philippines	35	0	25	235	100	140
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	30	50	30	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	15	10	0	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	140	70	70	355	185	175
Americas	40	15	20	35	15	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25	10	15	0	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	15	0	15
Europe	45	30	15	25	20	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	25	10	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	10	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	10	0
Asia	40	10	25	280	140	140
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	100	55	45
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	25	20	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	140	65	75
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	22,955	11,240	11,715	22,370	11,025	11,345
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	3,435	1,740	1,695	1,575	820	755
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	5,785	2,840	2,945	2,430	1,190	1,245
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	13,735	6,660	7,075	18,370	9,020	9,350
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,120	565	555	875	440	435
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	450	255	200	665	355	310
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	165	130	40	300	210	90
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	285	120	160	370	150	220
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	475	205	270	180	75	105
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	165	80	80	30	10	20
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	22,955	11,240	11,710	22,375	11,025	11,350
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	395	170	225	6,755	3,295	3,455
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	370	165	205	6,685	3,270	3,415
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	245	105	145	3,820	1,860	1,955
Métis	115	55	60	2,850	1,400	1,455
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	15	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	55	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	15	0	10	20	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	22,555	11,065	11,485	15,615	7,730	7,895
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	22,950	11,240	11,710	22,375	11,025	11,350
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	160	65	95	3,675	1,810	1,865
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,795	11,175	11,620	18,695	9,215	9,480
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	22,955	11,240	11,715	22,375	11,025	11,345
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	100	35	70	3,355	1,730	1,625
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	100	35	65	3,295	1,705	1,590
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	70	25	50	2,610	1,335	1,270
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15	685	370	320
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	10	60	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	10	55	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	570	290	285	3,305	1,500	1,800
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	565	285	280	3,130	1,435	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	420	205	210	1,090	465	620
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	75	65	2,030	960	1,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	10	0	175	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	175	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	22,275	10,920	11,360	15,715	7,795	7,920
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	22,950	11,240	11,710	22,375	11,025	11,345
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	925	485	440	850	450	405
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	115	65	45	240	140	105
Chinese	140	70	70	25	20	0
Black	270	150	120	150	85	60
Filipino	60	30	30	285	130	150
Latin American	105	40	60	35	15	15
Arab	15	0	10	10	10	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	60	30	30	15	10	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	0	10	10	0	10
Korean	25	15	10	60	35	25
Japanese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	20	10	0	25	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	50	35	15	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	22,025	10,755	11,275	21,525	10,575	10,945
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	22,955	11,235	11,715	22,375	11,025	11,350
North American Aboriginal origins	680	320	355	6,655	3,230	3,430
First Nations (North American Indian)	505	235	270	3,930	1,895	2,030
Inuit	10	0	0	10	0	10
Métis	185	90	95	2,945	1,420	1,525
Other North American origins	5,810	2,720	3,095	5,760	2,825	2,940
Acadian	35	15	20	10	10	10
American	245	100	145	185	65	120
Canadian	5,695	2,670	3,025	5,625	2,785	2,850
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	19,835	9,735	10,100	15,495	7,560	7,935
British Isles origins	11,325	5,475	5,850	9,880	4,735	5,150
Channel Islander	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	6,980	3,365	3,615	5,905	2,820	3,080
Irish	3,920	1,830	2,090	3,840	1,815	2,025
Manx	10	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish	4,825	2,280	2,545	5,125	2,350	2,780
Welsh	460	220	245	290	115	170
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	710	340	370	225	100	125
French origins	1,880	875	1,010	3,330	1,585	1,750
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	20	0	15
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,880	875	1,005	3,335	1,580	1,745
Western European origins (except French origins)	7,875	3,920	3,955	5,315	2,625	2,690
Austrian	180	85	85	250	145	105
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	75	30	50	490	245	250
Dutch	4,445	2,200	2,240	1,175	555	615
Flemish	20	10	10	20	20	0
Frisian	75	45	30	0	0	0
German	3,625	1,830	1,800	3,885	1,865	2,020
Luxembourger	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	180	75	105	180	100	80
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	545	285	265	1,275	565	715
Danish	165	80	85	100	40	65
Finnish	65	35	30	60	25	30
Icelandic	25	15	10	385	190	200
Norwegian	130	70	60	350	130	225
Swedish	180	95	90	395	180	210
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	20	10	70	35	35
Eastern European origins	3,815	1,875	1,940	3,660	1,800	1,860
Bulgarian	65	10	55	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	100	60	45	55	25	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	60	15	40	50	35	15
Estonian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	485	225	260	120	55	70
Latvian	45	30	25	10	0	0
Lithuanian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	1,425	710	710	875	415	460
Romanian	180	90	95	35	15	25
Russian	450	235	215	770	415	355
Slovak	150	75	75	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,405	710	690	2,390	1,130	1,255
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Southern European origins	3,205	1,545	1,660	375	175	205
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	15	25	10	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	275	135	135	10	10	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	220	105	115	15	0	10
Italian	1,995	910	1,090	150	65	85
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Maltese	35	10	20	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	285	155	130	20	15	10
Serbian	145	90	55	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	235	125	110	0	10	0
Spanish	105	45	60	165	75	90
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	40	25	10	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	70	30	40	120	65	50
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	55	25	25	75	50	30
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	10	0	0	40	15	20
Caribbean origins	195	105	90	120	60	55
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	60	30	30	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	10	10	10	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	90	45	40	15	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	15	0	30	10	20
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	215	100	110	195	90	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	30	10	25	0	10	0
Colombian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	50	20	30	10	0	10
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	10	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	15	10	10
Mexican	35	30	10	135	60	75
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	20	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	0	20	10	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	10	0	10
African origins	160	90	70	125	85	45
Central and West African origins	40	20	20	25	15	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	0	15	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	45	20	25	40	40	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	10	0	20	15	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	20	10	10	20	20	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	35	20	15	20	10	15
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	10
South African	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	45	35	10	40	25	20
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	45	30	10	40	20	15
Asian origins	660	380	280	730	370	360
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	115	75	40	50	30	20
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	35	30	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	35	20	20	10	10	10
Iraqi	10	0	10	0	0	10
Israeli	0	0	0	15	10	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	10	0	15	10	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	10	15	10	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	150	100	55	260	145	110
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	135	90	50	235	135	100
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	15	0	10
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	10	10	0	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	400	210	185	425	200	225
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	170	95	75	50	30	25
Filipino	70	35	35	280	130	150
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	0	25	10	15
Japanese	75	40	40	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	10	60	30	25
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	15	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	70	25	40	10	10	0
Australian	40	20	25	10	0	0
New Zealander	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	8,710	...	...	9,165	...	...
Owner	7,585	...	...	6,280	...	...
Renter	1,125	...	...	2,550	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
Condominium	535	...	...	235	...	...
Not condominium	8,175	...	...	8,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	8,710	...	...	9,165	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	80	...	...
1 bedroom	455	...	...	915	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,660	...	...	2,265	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,125	...	...	3,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,475	...	...	2,605	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	880	...	...	1,995	...	...
5 rooms	1,225	...	...	1,465	...	...
6 rooms	1,495	...	...	1,530	...	...
7 rooms	1,470	...	...	1,280	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,645	...	...	2,895	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,695	...	...	9,035	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
Suitable	8,525	...	...	8,740	...	...
Not suitable	185	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
1960 or before	2,200	...	...	2,800	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,655	...	...	3,265	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,210	...	...	1,275	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,565	...	...	730	...	...
2001 to 2005	615	...	...	350	...	...
2006 to 2010	715	...	...	395	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	755	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	8,370	...	...	8,235	...	...
Major repairs needed	340	...	...	930	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	8,710	...	...	9,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	4,720	...	...	5,990	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,875	...	...	3,055	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	115	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	8,710	...	...	9,165	...	...
15 to 24 years	80	...	...	320	...	...
25 to 34 years	830	...	...	1,380	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,400	...	...	1,415	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,840	...	...	1,655	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,800	...	...	1,915	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,465	...	...	1,315	...	...
75 to 84 years	940	...	...	810	...	...
85 years and over	365	...	...	365	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	8,475	...	...	8,345	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,010	...	...	7,055	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,460	...	...	1,290	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,315	...	...	1,150	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,375	...	...	5,885	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.3	...	...	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,183	...	...	770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,323	...	...	892	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	360,996	...	...	200,108	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	413,079	...	...	216,442	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,110	...	...	2,470	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.7	...	...	19.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	32.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	948	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,004	...	...	739	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,895	9,175	9,715	17,615	8,575	9,040
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,135	1,485	1,650	5,020	2,790	2,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,570	2,680	2,890	5,325	2,525	2,795
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,195	5,015	5,175	7,275	3,255	4,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,425	1,070	355	1,425	1,055	370
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	615	405	210	635	360	275
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	810	665	140	795	695	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,830	2,215	2,615	3,275	1,155	2,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	125	195	485	220	265
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,625	1,615	2,015	2,090	825	1,265
Bachelor's degree	2,510	1,145	1,365	1,620	600	1,020
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	110	165	160	60	110
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	35	35	45	30	10
Master's degree	685	290	395	230	120	110
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	85	30	55	35	20	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,575	5,735	5,840	11,215	5,435	5,780
No certificate, diploma or degree	910	490	415	2,140	1,315	825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,240	1,660	1,575	3,600	1,715	1,885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,435	3,585	3,840	5,475	2,410	3,070
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	940	705	235	955	720	240
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	400	265	135	400	235	165
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	540	440	100	555	485	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,525	1,610	1,910	2,530	900	1,635
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	85	140	310	140	170
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,745	1,185	1,560	1,685	660	1,025
Bachelor's degree	1,925	895	1,035	1,335	505	830
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	230	80	145	120	35	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25	35	25	10
Master's degree	500	180	315	175	90	90
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50	10	35	20	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,575	9,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,700	4,165	4,535	10,340	5,315	5,020
Education	760	155	610	715	145	575
13. Education	760	150	610	715	140	570
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	300	115	185	140	70	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	30	25	50	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	245	85	155	90	20	70
Humanities	530	220	305	250	130	120
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	45	20	30	10	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	125	30	100	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	10	70	75	25	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	10	25	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	90	45	75	50	30
54. History	90	55	35	50	35	15
55. French language and literature/letters	20	10	15	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,005	340	670	565	120	440
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	10	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	40	35	20	20	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	230	30	205	245	0	240
22. Legal professions and studies	135	30	105	85	10	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	10	30	15	10	0
42. Psychology	170	45	125	80	30	55
45. Social sciences	360	195	170	100	45	55
Business, management and public administration	1,890	725	1,165	1,430	395	1,035
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	180	15	165	150	30	120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,720	710	1,005	1,265	360	910
Physical and life sciences and technologies	320	150	170	125	55	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130	45	85	50	10	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	50	50	30	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	85	60	20	15	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	10	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225	125	100	105	55	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	105	60	90	50	40
25. Library science	25	0	20	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	15	20	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,400	2,255	145	1,465	1,395	70
04. Architecture and related services	65	45	20	10	0	0
14. Engineering	325	295	30	120	100	20
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	705	625	80	190	190	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	400	395	10	405	400	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	570	565	0	645	620	25
48. Precision production	330	330	0	100	85	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	210	90	405	315	90
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	240	170	70	365	290	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	35	20	35	25	15
Health and related fields	1,680	310	1,375	1,630	320	1,315
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	215	110	110	65	40	25
51. Health professions and related programs	1,450	195	1,255	1,555	275	1,280
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	20	10	10	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	765	410	355	450	265	185
12. Personal and culinary services	375	70	295	245	75	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	225	165	60	90	85	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	165	165	0	90	85	10
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,575	5,735	5,845	11,215	5,435	5,775
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,145	2,145	1,995	5,740	3,030	2,710
Education	495	95	400	470	90	380
13. Education	495	95	400	470	90	380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	230	70	165	95	25	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	20	20	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	190	50	140	75	15	60
Humanities	345	135	210	175	95	85
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	35	10	30	10	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	85	15	70	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	10	60	50	25	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	10	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	50	15	55	30	25
54. History	60	40	15	40	25	15
55. French language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	750	235	510	500	95	405
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	25	25	10	15	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	20	155	210	10	205
22. Legal professions and studies	120	20	100	75	10	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	15	10	0	10
42. Psychology	120	30	90	75	20	50
45. Social sciences	265	140	125	90	40	50
Business, management and public administration	1,425	575	845	1,120	320	805
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	15	115	140	20	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,295	565	725	975	290	685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	230	110	120	90	35	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	45	70	40	0	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	25	35	30	20	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	30	10	10	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205	115	90	95	45	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	150	95	55	75	45	35
25. Library science	15	0	15	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	20	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,740	1,635	105	1,105	1,050	60
04. Architecture and related services	60	50	15	10	0	0
14. Engineering	255	235	20	100	95	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	495	435	60	145	140	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	295	290	10	300	295	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	375	370	0	460	435	20
48. Precision production	260	255	0	90	80	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	135	70	320	240	80
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	160	100	60	295	225	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	30	10	30	15	15
Health and related fields	1,255	180	1,070	1,190	220	970
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	160	60	100	45	25	20
51. Health professions and related programs	1,085	125	965	1,140	190	945
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	565	300	260	320	195	125
12. Personal and culinary services	270	70	205	170	55	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	180	120	55	80	80	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	110	105	0	65	60	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,570	9,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,700	4,160	4,535	10,340	5,320	5,020
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,195	5,015	5,180	7,275	3,255	4,020
Location of study inside Canada	9,125	4,445	4,685	6,625	2,930	3,700
Same as province or territory of residence	8,670	4,235	4,440	5,660	2,415	3,255
Different than province or territory of residence	455	210	245	965	515	445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,065	575	495	655	325	325
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	450	210	240	130	70	65
Philippines	20	0	20	145	55	95
India	0	0	10	110	50	60
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	210	135	75	60	35	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	10	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other	365	210	150	190	115	80
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,575	5,735	5,840	11,215	5,440	5,775
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,140	2,145	1,995	5,740	3,025	2,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	7,435	3,590	3,845	5,475	2,415	3,070
Location of study inside Canada	6,820	3,290	3,530	4,925	2,140	2,790
Same as province or territory of residence	6,545	3,150	3,395	4,230	1,760	2,470
Different than province or territory of residence	275	135	145	695	380	315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	615	300	310	555	275	275
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	325	140	185	90	40	50
Philippines	15	10	15	140	55	80
India	0	0	0	95	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	70	45	25	45	25	20
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	15	10	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other	180	100	75	170	100	70
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,575	9,040
In the labour force	12,490	6,525	5,965	11,220	5,895	5,325
Employed	11,915	6,250	5,660	10,445	5,455	4,990
Unemployed	575	275	305	770	435	335
Not in the labour force	6,405	2,655	3,755	6,395	2,685	3,715
Participation rate	66.1	71.1	61.4	63.7	68.7	58.9
Employment rate	63.1	68.1	58.3	59.3	63.6	55.2
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.2	5.1	6.9	7.4	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	18,895	9,180	9,715	17,615	8,575	9,040
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	5,570	2,240	3,330	5,740	2,395	3,345
Worked	13,320	6,940	6,380	11,870	6,175	5,700
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	7,030	4,140	2,890	6,380	3,625	2,755
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	6,290	2,800	3,490	5,495	2,550	2,945
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	44.2	42.0	42.7	42.9	42.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	12,490	6,525	5,960	11,220	5,890	5,330
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	100	50	50	200	75	120
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	12,385	6,475	5,910	11,020	5,815	5,200
Employee	10,625	5,410	5,220	9,690	4,885	4,805
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,765	1,070	695	1,330	925	400
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	12,485	6,525	5,960	11,220	5,895	5,325
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	100	50	50	200	75	125
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	12,390	6,480	5,910	11,020	5,820	5,205
0 Management occupations	1,555	1,015	540	1,435	990	445
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,845	515	1,335	1,325	265	1,065
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	640	535	110	380	290	90
3 Health occupations	855	110	745	1,085	205	885
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,395	495	900	1,500	415	1,085
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	260	135	130	150	60	90
6 Sales and service occupations	2,695	1,020	1,675	2,205	955	1,250
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,000	1,865	140	1,990	1,890	105
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	565	370	190	475	390	90
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	575	430	145	480	360	120
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	12,485	6,525	5,965	11,220	5,890	5,325
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	100	50	50	200	80	120
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	12,385	6,480	5,910	11,020	5,815	5,200
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	810	500	310	1,085	815	265
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	20	0	15	20	0
22 Utilities	95	75	25	90	70	15
23 Construction	1,000	830	165	790	700	90
31-33 Manufacturing	1,615	1,240	375	850	650	210
41 Wholesale trade	650	425	225	355	265	95
44-45 Retail trade	1,155	515	635	1,140	595	550
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	510	365	140	525	445	75
51 Information and cultural industries	175	120	60	110	45	60
52 Finance and insurance	440	165	275	385	135	245
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	170	90	85	90	25	65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	655	350	310	260	105	155
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	510	295	220	350	255	95
61 Educational services	870	245	625	845	220	625
62 Health care and social assistance	1,440	190	1,255	1,895	370	1,520
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	230	125	105	130	65	65
72 Accommodation and food services	790	280	515	720	300	425
81 Other services (except public administration)	620	310	310	430	245	180
91 Public administration	600	340	265	945	480	465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	11,910	6,255	5,660	10,450	5,455	4,990
Worked at home	1,145	570	575	905	530	380
Worked outside Canada	55	40	10	35	35	0
No fixed workplace address	1,395	1,035	355	1,130	910	220
Worked at usual place	9,325	4,610	4,715	8,370	3,980	4,390
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	9,325	4,610	4,715	8,370	3,980	4,390
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,810	1,210	1,595	4,850	2,210	2,640
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,205	1,405	1,795	2,445	1,140	1,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,275	1,985	1,295	1,040	610	435
Commute to a different province or territory	40	20	20	35	20	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	10,715	5,640	5,075	9,505	4,890	4,615
Car, truck, van - as a driver	9,410	5,035	4,380	7,805	4,035	3,770
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	565	250	310	800	375	420
Public transit	125	50	75	35	20	10
Walked	445	220	225	655	330	330
Bicycle	60	55	15	80	65	20
Other method	105	35	75	130	65	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	10,715	5,645	5,070	9,500	4,890	4,610
Less than 15 minutes	3,295	1,420	1,870	5,440	2,600	2,835
15 to 29 minutes	3,650	1,820	1,835	2,470	1,265	1,205
30 to 44 minutes	2,085	1,255	825	640	380	265
45 to 59 minutes	775	485	290	315	185	130
60 minutes and over	910	660	250	630	460	175
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	10,715	5,640	5,070	9,500	4,890	4,610
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	835	630	205	545	365	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,090	1,355	735	1,660	1,000	660
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,220	1,650	1,575	2,920	1,645	1,275
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,020	750	1,265	2,390	900	1,490
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,050	365	680	715	280	430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,510	900	605	1,280	700	580
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	13,650	7,070	6,580	12,225	6,360	5,860
Single responses	13,590	7,045	6,545	12,170	6,345	5,820
Official languages	13,570	7,030	6,540	12,140	6,345	5,800
English	13,540	7,025	6,515	12,000	6,265	5,735
French	35	0	30	140	75	70
Non-official languages	15	15	0	25	10	25
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20	20	0	25	0	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	15	0	10	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	0	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	20	40	55	15	45
English and French	20	10	15	30	10	20
English and non-official language	35	15	20	20	10	20
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	13,645	7,065	6,580	12,225	6,365	5,865
None	13,325	6,935	6,390	11,735	6,110	5,630
English	25	0	25	95	45	55
French	125	40	80	225	110	115
Non-official language	165	85	80	165	105	60
Aboriginal	0	0	0	55	25	30
Non-Aboriginal	165	85	80	110	80	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	22,685	11,100	11,580	22,020	10,855	11,165
Non-movers	20,590	10,090	10,500	19,235	9,525	9,710
Movers	2,090	1,015	1,075	2,790	1,335	1,455
Non-migrants	670	290	375	1,615	780	835
Migrants	1,425	725	705	1,170	550	620
Internal migrants	1,380	710	670	1,060	500	560
Intraprovincial migrants	1,320	680	635	790	365	425
Interprovincial migrants	60	25	35	265	135	130
External migrants	50	15	35	115	50	60
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	21,605	10,550	11,055	20,720	10,235	10,480
Non-movers	14,605	7,200	7,410	13,445	6,640	6,810
Movers	6,995	3,350	3,645	7,270	3,600	3,670
Non-migrants	2,195	1,015	1,180	3,930	1,950	1,980
Migrants	4,805	2,335	2,470	3,340	1,650	1,695
Internal migrants	4,560	2,225	2,335	2,905	1,430	1,480
Intraprovincial migrants	4,375	2,155	2,220	2,310	1,115	1,190
Interprovincial migrants	180	65	115	605	315	285
External migrants	245	110	135	435	220	215

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Lincoln, T [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 9, CDR [Census division], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lincoln, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Lincoln, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lincoln, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Manitoba