Census Profile, 2016 Census
Perth, County [Census division], Ontario and Cowichan Valley C, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Perth, CTY Ontario [Census division]			Cowichan Valley C, RDA British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Perth, County [Census division], Ontario Map : Perth, County [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Cowichan Valley C, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	76,796	...	...	5,019	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	75,112	...	...	4,796	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.2	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	31,747	...	...	2,259	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	30,713	...	...	2,221	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	34.6	...	...	222.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,218.52	...	...	22.59	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	76,795	37,620	39,175	5,020	2,465	2,555
0 to 14 years	13,795	7,040	6,755	585	305	280
0 to 4 years	4,445	2,240	2,200	160	75	85
5 to 9 years	4,675	2,405	2,270	200	115	90
10 to 14 years	4,680	2,395	2,285	225	120	105
15 to 64 years	48,675	24,215	24,460	2,730	1,290	1,440
15 to 19 years	4,830	2,505	2,330	225	115	110
20 to 24 years	4,705	2,430	2,275	170	80	85
25 to 29 years	4,350	2,160	2,185	145	60	80
30 to 34 years	4,340	2,145	2,195	160	85	80
35 to 39 years	4,310	2,105	2,210	205	105	100
40 to 44 years	4,415	2,205	2,210	225	105	120
45 to 49 years	4,670	2,270	2,405	265	130	135
50 to 54 years	5,800	2,850	2,950	390	165	220
55 to 59 years	5,890	2,895	2,995	450	210	240
60 to 64 years	5,370	2,655	2,715	495	225	275
65 years and over	14,320	6,360	7,960	1,705	875	835
65 to 69 years	4,385	2,090	2,290	560	285	275
70 to 74 years	3,205	1,495	1,705	430	220	210
75 to 79 years	2,555	1,185	1,370	295	150	140
80 to 84 years	1,935	820	1,115	240	130	110
85 years and over	2,250	765	1,485	180	85	95
85 to 89 years	1,395	520	880	130	60	70
90 to 94 years	675	215	460	40	20	20
95 to 99 years	165	30	135	15	5	5
100 years and over	20	0	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.2	11.7	12.4	11.0
15 to 64 years	63.4	64.4	62.4	54.4	52.3	56.4
65 years and over	18.6	16.9	20.3	34.0	35.5	32.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.7
Average age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.6	51.1	51.0	51.2
Median age of the population	42.4	41.0	43.8	56.7	56.9	56.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	30,710	...	...	2,225	...	...
Single-detached house	21,300	...	...	1,980	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	635	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	8,635	...	...	105	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,210	...	...	45	...	...
Row house	1,255	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	885	...	...	40	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,185	...	...	10	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	145	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	30,710	...	...	2,220	...	...
1 person	8,525	...	...	510	...	...
2 persons	11,305	...	...	1,130	...	...
3 persons	4,220	...	...	265	...	...
4 persons	3,890	...	...	215	...	...
5 or more persons	2,775	...	...	105	...	...
Number of persons in private households	75,175	...	...	5,020	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	63,000	30,580	32,420	4,435	2,160	2,275
Married or living common law	38,330	19,190	19,145	3,125	1,555	1,570
Married	32,805	16,425	16,380	2,690	1,335	1,345
Living common law	5,525	2,765	2,765	440	220	220
Not married and not living common law	24,670	11,390	13,275	1,305	600	705
Never married	15,315	8,375	6,940	680	380	300
Separated	1,870	845	1,025	90	40	55
Divorced	3,315	1,335	1,980	240	110	130
Widowed	4,165	835	3,330	290	75	215
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	21,690	...	...	1,705	...	...
2 persons	11,410	...	...	1,195	...	...
3 persons	4,045	...	...	255	...	...
4 persons	3,795	...	...	195	...	...
5 or more persons	2,440	...	...	70	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	21,685	...	...	1,705	...	...
Total couple families	18,855	...	...	1,555	...	...
Married couples	16,100	...	...	1,330	...	...
Common-law couples	2,765	...	...	220	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,830	...	...	150	...	...
Female parent	2,165	...	...	105	...	...
Male parent	660	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	18,860	...	...	1,555	...	...
Couples without children	9,720	...	...	1,105	...	...
Couples with children	9,135	...	...	450	...	...
1 child	3,225	...	...	205	...	...
2 children	3,540	...	...	185	...	...
3 or more children	2,370	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,830	...	...	155	...	...
1 child	1,690	...	...	90	...	...
2 children	815	...	...	45	...	...
3 or more children	330	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,190	5,245	5,945	750	345	400
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	30,710	...	...	2,225	...	...
One-census-family households	21,155	...	...	1,630	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	9,510	...	...	1,070	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	11,645	...	...	560	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	260	...	...	35	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,290	...	...	555	...	...
One-person households	8,530	...	...	505	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	765	...	...	45	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	75,625	37,235	38,390	5,020	2,460	2,555
English only	72,005	35,770	36,235	4,645	2,305	2,345
French only	10	5	5	5	0	0
English and French	3,005	1,160	1,845	365	155	205
Neither English nor French	605	305	300	5	5	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	75,625	37,240	38,390	5,020	2,465	2,555
English	74,620	36,755	37,870	4,940	2,425	2,510
French	355	165	190	65	25	35
English and French	60	30	35	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	595	295	295	5	5	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	385	180	205	70	30	40
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.5	0.5	0.5	1.4	1.2	1.6
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	75,625	37,235	38,390	5,020	2,465	2,555
Single responses	75,075	36,975	38,095	4,990	2,445	2,545
Official languages	67,515	33,260	34,250	4,640	2,285	2,360
English	67,125	33,080	34,045	4,580	2,255	2,320
French	390	185	205	60	25	35
Non-official languages	7,555	3,715	3,840	355	165	195
Aboriginal languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,550	3,710	3,840	350	165	195
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	50	45	5	0	5
Amharic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	75	35	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	5	5	0
Maltese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	5	15	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	35	70	20	5	10
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	35	60	20	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	25	25	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,700	3,315	3,380	280	135	150
Albanian	10	5	5	0	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	140	185	45	20	30
Baltic languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Latvian	5	5	0	5	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	320	135	185	45	15	30
Belarusan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	25	10	15	5	5	0
Czech	15	5	10	10	0	5
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	60	75	15	5	5
Russian	35	15	25	5	0	5
Serbian	25	10	15	0	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	10	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,330	2,670	2,660	185	85	100
Afrikaans	5	5	0	10	5	0
Danish	30	10	20	10	5	5
Dutch	1,105	560	545	60	25	30
Frisian	25	15	10	0	0	0
German	4,075	2,030	2,040	95	45	50
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	5
Swedish	15	10	10	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	65	30	30	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	75	35	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	295	150	145	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	270	140	130	10	5	5
Bengali	5	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	40	40	0	0	0
Hindi	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	60	45	10	5	5
Sindhi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	20	10	10	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	645	305	345	30	10	15
Catalan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	220	105	115	5	5	5
Portuguese	130	60	75	5	0	0
Romanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Spanish	265	125	140	15	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	20	30	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	30	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	70	90	25	10	15
Chinese languages	160	70	90	20	10	10
Cantonese	70	25	40	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	35	45	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	75	80	5	0	0
Lao	120	55	65	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	15	0	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	85	40	45	15	10	5
Estonian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	15	5	5	5	0	5
Hungarian	70	30	35	10	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	555	260	295	25	20	5
English and French	75	30	45	15	10	0
English and non-official language	460	225	235	10	10	0
French and non-official language	10	5	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	75,630	37,235	38,390	5,015	2,460	2,555
Single responses	74,585	36,705	37,880	4,970	2,445	2,530
Official languages	71,380	35,110	36,265	4,920	2,415	2,505
English	71,310	35,085	36,230	4,910	2,410	2,500
French	70	30	40	10	5	5
Non-official languages	3,205	1,590	1,615	50	30	25
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,205	1,595	1,610	50	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	25	30	0	0	0
Amharic	0	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	45	20	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,775	1,385	1,395	35	20	15
Albanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	30	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	20	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,300	1,160	1,140	30	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	175	85	85	5	5	0
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0
German	2,050	1,040	1,010	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	70	80	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	140	65	75	5	0	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	25	25	5	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	5	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	100	120	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	15	25	0	5	0
Portuguese	50	20	30	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Spanish	120	60	65	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	15	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	20	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	40	50	10	5	5
Chinese languages	95	40	50	10	5	5
Cantonese	40	20	20	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	25	30	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	50	50	0	0	0
Lao	85	45	45	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,040	530	510	45	25	25
English and French	35	15	20	5	5	0
English and non-official language	995	510	485	35	10	20
French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	75,625	37,235	38,390	5,020	2,465	2,555
None	71,745	35,360	36,385	4,755	2,335	2,420
English	1,285	640	645	35	20	15
French	355	145	210	65	35	30
Non-official language	2,185	1,070	1,115	165	75	85
Aboriginal	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,175	1,070	1,110	160	80	85
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	10	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	61,430	30,070	31,350	4,435	2,160	2,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,900	29,375	30,520	4,310	2,105	2,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,670	42,721	29,663	36,971	47,132	29,856
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,910	29,380	30,535	4,320	2,115	2,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,168	37,841	27,323	32,915	40,858	27,165
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	56,100	27,950	28,150	4,020	1,995	2,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,399	40,764	25,234	31,451	41,280	24,373
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	41,655	18,460	23,200	3,210	1,465	1,755
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,052	4,163	6,806	10,784	12,272	9,163
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	46,960	24,430	22,530	2,780	1,455	1,325
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,681	40,205	26,213	25,408	30,741	21,040
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	61,425	30,075	31,350	4,485	2,220	2,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,985	29,420	30,570	4,385	2,190	2,200
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,635	50,901	36,643	48,136	56,952	39,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	60,005	29,420	30,585	4,395	2,185	2,200
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,956	42,302	31,814	39,774	46,026	33,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	56,145	27,950	28,195	4,090	2,070	2,020
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,796	48,811	32,852	43,742	52,060	35,207
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	41,905	18,620	23,285	3,210	1,500	1,710
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,807	7,159	8,324	10,038	11,173	9,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,965	24,400	22,560	2,825	1,500	1,320
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,078	45,693	31,923	37,895	44,443	30,427
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	61,425	30,075	31,355	4,485	2,220	2,265
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	24,985	14,720	10,270	1,040	585	460
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,566	52,515	42,230	53,825	60,639	43,867
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	53,319	58,250	46,248	58,616	65,404	49,999
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.5	91.0	82.7	84.6	87.0	81.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	75.2	64.9	50.4	52.6	47.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.5	9.0	17.3	15.4	13.0	18.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	61,425	30,075	31,355	4,435	2,160	2,275
Without total income	1,525	695	830	125	55	70
With total income	59,900	29,380	30,525	4,315	2,105	2,205
Percentage with total income	97.5	97.7	97.4	97.3	97.5	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,600	2,630	3,970	490	185	310
$10,000 to $19,999	9,870	3,790	6,080	690	255	435
$20,000 to $29,999	8,970	3,630	5,345	585	225	365
$30,000 to $39,999	7,945	3,615	4,330	525	215	315
$40,000 to $49,999	7,435	3,710	3,725	455	240	215
$50,000 to $59,999	5,770	3,325	2,450	335	185	150
$60,000 to $69,999	3,925	2,445	1,480	320	195	130
$70,000 to $79,999	2,660	1,770	890	245	155	90
$80,000 to $89,999	1,800	1,160	640	160	115	45
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	990	670	155	100	55
$100,000 and over	3,270	2,325	950	345	245	105
$100,000 to $149,999	2,350	1,640	710	260	180	85
$150,000 and over	920	685	240	90	65	25
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	61,425	30,070	31,355	4,430	2,160	2,275
Without after-tax income	1,515	695	820	115	45	65
With after-tax income	59,910	29,380	30,535	4,325	2,115	2,210
Percentage with after-tax income	97.5	97.7	97.4	97.6	97.9	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,855	2,705	4,150	545	210	340
$10,000 to $19,999	10,375	4,005	6,375	720	270	455
$20,000 to $29,999	10,585	4,380	6,210	710	280	425
$30,000 to $39,999	9,745	4,690	5,055	585	270	315
$40,000 to $49,999	8,330	4,565	3,765	500	260	235
$50,000 to $59,999	5,205	3,215	1,990	390	230	160
$60,000 to $69,999	3,185	2,085	1,095	285	195	90
$70,000 to $79,999	2,290	1,405	885	195	130	65
$80,000 and over	3,350	2,330	1,015	385	265	120
$80,000 to $89,999	1,240	810	435	140	95	45
$90,000 to $99,999	680	480	195	90	60	30
$100,000 and over	1,430	1,040	390	150	110	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	61,425	30,075	31,350	4,430	2,160	2,275
Without employment income	14,465	5,645	8,820	1,650	705	950
With employment income	46,965	24,430	22,535	2,780	1,455	1,325
Percentage with employment income	76.5	81.2	71.9	62.8	67.4	58.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,370	2,960	3,405	720	375	345
$5,000 to $9,999	4,005	1,630	2,375	200	90	110
$10,000 to $19,999	6,445	2,815	3,635	330	140	190
$20,000 to $29,999	5,185	2,270	2,915	270	110	160
$30,000 to $39,999	5,500	2,455	3,045	225	100	125
$40,000 to $49,999	5,310	2,825	2,485	210	100	105
$50,000 to $59,999	4,240	2,660	1,580	160	85	75
$60,000 to $69,999	2,820	1,910	915	160	100	60
$70,000 to $79,999	1,975	1,395	580	140	75	60
$80,000 and over	5,105	3,515	1,590	375	275	95
$80,000 to $89,999	1,440	935	510	95	65	30
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	820	550	100	70	30
$100,000 and over	2,285	1,755	525	180	140	35
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	77,349	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,229	...	...	67,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	8,530	...	...	510	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,049	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,563	...	...	36,352	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	22,185	...	...	1,715	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,954	...	...	90,688	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,494	...	...	78,464	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	30,715	...	...	2,225	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,229	...	...	95,105	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,200	...	...	78,658	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,485	...	...	500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,180	...	...	48,937	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,234	...	...	40,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	22,230	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,654	...	...	108,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,921	...	...	89,870	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	30,710	...	...	2,220	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	325	...	...	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	925	...	...	65	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,280	...	...	75	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,175	...	...	60	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,265	...	...	90	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,365	...	...	75	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,370	...	...	80	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,410	...	...	95	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,655	...	...	185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,470	...	...	180	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,300	...	...	175	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,055	...	...	140	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,850	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,245	...	...	780	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,510	...	...	285	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,280	...	...	190	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,100	...	...	185	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,360	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	350	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	750	...	...	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	990	...	...	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,470	...	...	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,340	...	...	80	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,480	...	...	100	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,635	...	...	100	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	...	...	105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,045	...	...	245	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,830	...	...	215	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,550	...	...	165	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,250	...	...	190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,590	...	...	550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,155	...	...	255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,585	...	...	140	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,850	...	...	155	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	21,630	...	...	1,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,818	...	...	89,907	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,364	...	...	77,824	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	9,360	...	...	1,055	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,472	...	...	84,005	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,348	...	...	72,550	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	9,200	...	...	450	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,589	...	...	121,856	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,641	...	...	100,762	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,680	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,788	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,270	...	...	48,768	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	21,660	...	...	1,690	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,860	...	...	107,789	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,011	...	...	88,983	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	9,360	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,176	...	...	97,449	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,146	...	...	81,765	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	9,200	...	...	430	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	125,591	...	...	144,735	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,373	...	...	114,505	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,705	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,088	...	...	54,928	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,261	...	...	49,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	10,195	4,810	5,390	670	310	360
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,004	37,522	31,168	36,800	39,616	35,584
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,697	33,224	28,683	32,832	34,592	31,147
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	10,150	4,710	5,440	645	320	325
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,528	43,267	38,155	45,246	45,326	45,166
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,924	36,393	33,651	37,856	38,699	37,023
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	75,175	37,090	38,085	5,020	2,465	2,555
In the bottom half of the distribution	37,230	17,835	19,405	2,160	1,010	1,145
In the bottom decile	5,290	2,535	2,755	415	185	235
In the second decile	6,520	2,910	3,615	375	165	215
In the third decile	8,615	4,065	4,550	400	195	205
In the fourth decile	8,295	4,095	4,200	470	235	235
In the fifth decile	8,510	4,230	4,285	495	240	260
In the top half of the distribution	37,945	19,265	18,680	2,860	1,455	1,410
In the sixth decile	8,925	4,490	4,435	550	275	275
In the seventh decile	8,355	4,210	4,145	530	270	260
In the eighth decile	7,915	4,020	3,895	640	330	310
In the ninth decile	7,455	3,800	3,660	605	315	285
In the top decile	5,295	2,750	2,545	535	260	275
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	75,175	37,095	38,085	5,020	2,465	2,555
0 to 17 years	16,700	8,575	8,125	715	365	355
0 to 5 years	5,350	2,710	2,640	200	95	105
18 to 64 years	45,510	22,560	22,950	2,595	1,225	1,370
65 years and over	12,965	5,960	7,005	1,710	875	835
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,330	3,825	4,505	555	250	310
0 to 17 years	2,390	1,220	1,170	110	55	55
0 to 5 years	900	470	430	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	4,545	2,105	2,440	310	135	175
65 years and over	1,400	500	900	135	55	80
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.3	11.8	11.1	10.1	12.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.2	14.4	15.4	15.1	15.5
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	17.3	16.3	15.0	15.8	14.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.3	10.6	11.9	11.0	12.8
65 years and over (%)	10.8	8.4	12.8	7.9	6.3	9.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,445	1,665	1,780	255	115	135
0 to 17 years	805	405	400	55	25	30
0 to 5 years	290	150	140	15	10	10
18 to 64 years	2,400	1,170	1,235	170	75	100
65 years and over	235	90	145	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.5	4.7	5.1	4.7	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.7	4.9	7.7	6.8	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.5	5.3	7.5	10.5	9.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.2	5.4	6.6	6.1	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.5	1.1	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	75,175	37,090	38,080	5,020	2,475	2,545
Official languages	74,570	36,805	37,765	5,010	2,460	2,545
English	74,570	36,810	37,765	5,005	2,460	2,545
French	2,985	1,140	1,840	360	160	205
Non-official languages	9,245	4,575	4,670	510	230	280
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,240	4,570	4,665	510	230	280
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	55	50	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	50	55	0	0	0
Amharic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Arabic	80	40	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	195	75	115	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	65	95	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	35	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tamil	35	10	20	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,160	4,050	4,115	410	185	225
Albanian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	95	215	30	15	15
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	310	95	220	35	20	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	25	0	25	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	120	40	80	15	0	10
Russian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Serbian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	10	15	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,895	2,995	2,905	235	100	135
Afrikaans	25	15	10	15	15	10
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	1,510	755	755	75	20	50
Frisian	35	15	15	0	0	0
German	4,475	2,275	2,200	140	65	75
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	50	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	245	105	140	0	0	0
Greek	155	85	70	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	430	230	195	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	400	205	185	25	10	10
Bengali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	85	45	40	10	0	0
Hindi	195	90	100	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	85	75	20	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	20	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	25	10	10	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	25	10	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,465	705	765	130	60	70
Catalan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	330	160	170	10	0	10
Portuguese	260	115	140	0	0	0
Romanian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Spanish	870	430	440	120	60	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	135	75	60	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	30	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	30	30	10	0	10
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	55	75	55	35	25
Chinese languages	130	55	75	60	30	25
Cantonese	55	25	35	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	30	45	35	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	10	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	195	105	90	10	0	10
Lao	160	80	80	0	0	0
Thai	70	35	35	10	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	100	50	50	15	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	95	45	50	15	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	75,175	37,095	38,080	5,020	2,475	2,545
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	73,670	36,400	37,275	4,785	2,355	2,430
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,420	8,430	7,985	640	300	340
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	57,255	27,970	29,285	4,145	2,055	2,090
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,505	700	810	235	120	115
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	75,180	37,095	38,085	5,020	2,470	2,545
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	68,290	33,850	34,435	4,110	2,045	2,065
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	6,670	3,125	3,545	870	415	460
Before 1981	3,585	1,655	1,925	615	290	325
1981 to 1990	750	390	365	55	25	35
1991 to 2000	965	445	520	40	20	15
2001 to 2010	820	380	440	95	35	60
2001 to 2005	465	210	260	30	10	20
2006 to 2010	355	170	180	65	30	40
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	550	260	290	60	40	20
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	215	115	100	35	15	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	6,670	3,125	3,545	875	415	460
Under 5 years	1,095	540	555	100	50	45
5 to 14 years	1,370	645	725	200	105	105
15 to 24 years	1,715	755	960	225	95	130
25 to 44 years	2,235	1,075	1,155	255	115	140
45 years and over	260	110	145	95	45	40
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	6,670	3,125	3,545	870	415	455
Americas	1,580	750	830	155	90	65
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	10	0	0	0
El Salvador	20	15	10	0	0	0
Guyana	25	10	20	10	0	10
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	70	40	30	10	0	0
Mexico	620	300	320	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	60	35	30	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	545	230	315	125	70	55
Other places of birth in Americas	195	105	100	15	10	10
Europe	3,905	1,815	2,090	575	265	310
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	20	0	20	0	0	0
France	20	10	10	0	0	0
Germany	370	165	205	60	25	35
Greece	75	35	40	0	0	0
Hungary	30	15	15	10	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	80	35	45	0	0	0
Italy	135	50	80	10	10	10
Netherlands	1,065	545	525	75	35	40
Poland	95	35	60	10	0	10
Portugal	125	65	60	0	0	0
Romania	20	0	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	55	25	25	10	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,355	625	730	370	180	190
Other places of birth in Europe	440	200	245	35	15	25
Africa	150	90	65	30	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	10	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Africa	60	40	20	0	0	0
Asia	1,000	460	535	105	45	65
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	110	40	70	10	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	10	10	15	0	0
India	300	140	160	25	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	20	10	0	10	0
Iraq	15	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	50	15	35	15	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Philippines	150	60	90	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	185	95	85	15	0	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	40	10	25	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	545	255	290	60	40	20
Americas	275	140	145	30	20	10
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	15	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	170	75	90	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	55	30	25	15	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	15	10	0
Europe	35	20	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	10	0	0
Africa	30	15	20	20	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	20	15	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	200	80	120	10	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	80	35	45	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	55	20	40	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	15	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	75,180	37,095	38,085	5,020	2,475	2,545
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	7,220	3,395	3,820	945	440	505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	10,990	5,630	5,360	1,090	555	535
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	56,970	28,065	28,905	2,985	1,480	1,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,180	1,510	1,670	265	125	140
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,370	705	665	155	80	75
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	590	425	160	70	50	15
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	780	275	500	85	30	55
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,275	520	755	110	45	65
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	475	255	220	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	60	35	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	75,175	37,095	38,085	5,020	2,475	2,545
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,025	515	510	185	100	90
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,010	505	500	190	100	90
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	740	370	370	40	15	25
Métis	265	130	135	145	85	60
Inuk (Inuit)	0	10	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	74,150	36,580	37,570	4,835	2,375	2,460
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	75,180	37,095	38,085	5,020	2,475	2,545
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	345	150	195	25	10	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	74,830	36,945	37,885	4,990	2,460	2,530
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	75,175	37,095	38,080	5,020	2,475	2,545
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	150	55	95	50	25	30
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	135	45	90	55	25	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	110	30	75	30	10	15
Métis single ancestry	30	10	20	25	15	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,695	820	875	190	95	95
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,665	805	860	190	95	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,395	660	740	120	60	60
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	150	120	70	40	35
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	15	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	73,335	36,220	37,110	4,775	2,355	2,425
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	75,175	37,095	38,080	5,020	2,475	2,545
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,695	1,335	1,355	230	90	140
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	570	275	290	60	25	35
Chinese	205	80	130	75	30	45
Black	550	305	245	10	0	10
Filipino	205	95	110	15	0	10
Latin American	325	160	165	20	10	0
Arab	75	40	30	10	0	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	350	165	185	15	10	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	35	30	10	0	0	0
Korean	80	30	50	0	0	0
Japanese	140	80	60	15	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	125	55	70	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	45	20	20	25	10	15
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	72,475	35,755	36,725	4,785	2,385	2,405
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	75,175	37,095	38,080	5,020	2,475	2,545
North American Aboriginal origins	1,840	875	975	240	125	120
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,540	710	825	145	70	75
Inuit	0	0	10	0	0	0
Métis	335	180	155	90	50	45
Other North American origins	24,915	12,260	12,655	1,280	650	630
Acadian	50	15	35	10	0	0
American	755	345	410	105	45	60
Canadian	24,350	12,030	12,320	1,205	615	590
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	70	30	45	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	59,935	29,540	30,395	4,400	2,165	2,235
British Isles origins	40,655	19,700	20,960	3,465	1,685	1,775
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	23,695	11,340	12,350	2,185	1,065	1,115
Irish	17,540	8,330	9,210	1,020	415	610
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	19,540	9,230	10,310	1,550	725	830
Welsh	1,435	765	675	175	110	65
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,820	890	930	295	145	150
French origins	6,130	2,830	3,305	495	255	240
Alsatian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	6,100	2,825	3,275	495	250	240
Western European origins (except French origins)	30,490	15,115	15,375	1,130	540	595
Austrian	330	145	185	85	40	45
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	605	330	270	35	10	20
Dutch	8,470	4,360	4,110	360	175	190
Flemish	125	60	70	0	0	0
Frisian	55	35	20	0	0	0
German	21,880	10,715	11,170	785	385	400
Luxembourger	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss	2,450	1,215	1,235	50	35	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,255	650	605	445	200	245
Danish	340	200	140	95	30	70
Finnish	205	95	110	30	10	15
Icelandic	45	25	25	40	20	20
Norwegian	330	155	175	140	60	75
Swedish	365	195	175	175	85	85
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	20	10	25	10	15
Eastern European origins	4,105	1,900	2,205	620	325	300
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0	0	10
Czech	155	40	115	60	25	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	35	15	25	10	0	0
Estonian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	460	160	295	25	15	10
Latvian	95	45	50	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	40	10	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,555	760	795	205	120	85
Romanian	205	85	120	10	0	0
Russian	875	450	425	150	75	75
Slovak	120	35	85	10	10	0
Ukrainian	915	440	475	280	135	140
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,480	1,680	1,800	195	90	105
Albanian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	80	30	50	30	20	10
Cypriot	20	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	275	135	135	20	0	15
Italian	1,800	880	920	85	45	40
Kosovar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	95	50	45	15	0	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	530	255	275	15	0	15
Serbian	85	40	50	20	10	10
Sicilian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Slovenian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Spanish	415	185	225	10	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	90	25	65	15	10	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	320	160	160	45	35	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	65	40	25	30	30	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	250	125	130	25	15	10
Caribbean origins	515	285	230	35	30	10
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	40	15	30	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuban	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dominican	15	0	10	10	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	315	185	130	10	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	0	10	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,045	510	535	40	10	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	55	30	25	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Costa Rican	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	105	50	55	0	0	0
Guyanese	40	10	25	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0	0	10
Mexican	670	330	340	15	10	15
Nicaraguan	30	10	15	10	0	15
Panamanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	25	15	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	390	230	155	20	0	15
Central and West African origins	30	20	10	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	10	10	0	0	0
North African origins	35	25	10	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	140	75	65	15	0	15
Afrikaner	20	10	10	0	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ethiopian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
South African	50	35	10	15	0	15
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	195	120	70	10	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	170	105	65	10	10	0
Asian origins	1,900	920	980	230	95	135
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	220	130	90	25	15	15
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	50	30	20	15	10	0
Iraqi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	55	30	25	15	10	10
Palestinian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	630	320	310	60	25	40
Bangladeshi	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	535	265	265	40	15	20
Goan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	40	20	15	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	30	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	15	10	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,080	475	600	140	55	80
Burmese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese	340	135	210	85	35	45
Filipino	230	105	120	25	10	20
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	10	10	0	0
Japanese	160	90	75	25	10	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	35	50	0	0	0
Laotian	220	105	115	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	60	25	35	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	30	15	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oceania origins	105	45	60	30	15	15
Australian	85	30	55	10	10	0
New Zealander	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	20	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	30,710	...	...	2,225	...	...
Owner	22,475	...	...	1,985	...	...
Renter	8,235	...	...	240	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
Condominium	1,230	...	...	95	...	...
Not condominium	29,485	...	...	2,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	30,710	...	...	2,225	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,765	...	...	105	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,745	...	...	760	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,250	...	...	795	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,885	...	...	550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	30,710	...	...	2,220	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,260	...	...	330	...	...
5 rooms	3,815	...	...	345	...	...
6 rooms	5,085	...	...	335	...	...
7 rooms	5,200	...	...	365	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,340	...	...	850	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,495	...	...	2,215	...	...
More than 1 person per room	215	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
Suitable	29,905	...	...	2,195	...	...
Not suitable	805	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
1960 or before	13,045	...	...	155	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,485	...	...	615	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,750	...	...	440	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,005	...	...	660	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,665	...	...	115	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,425	...	...	160	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,335	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	30,710	...	...	2,220	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	28,950	...	...	2,120	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,760	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
1 household maintainer	18,025	...	...	1,120	...	...
2 household maintainers	12,390	...	...	1,065	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	295	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	30,715	...	...	2,220	...	...
15 to 24 years	895	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,000	...	...	120	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,740	...	...	190	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,845	...	...	320	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,610	...	...	520	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,625	...	...	595	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,805	...	...	335	...	...
85 years and over	1,185	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	28,795	...	...	2,135	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,970	...	...	1,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,820	...	...	355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,285	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,715	...	...	1,905	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.9	...	...	47.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.9	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,065	...	...	726	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,170	...	...	1,069	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	280,258	...	...	460,564	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	333,753	...	...	501,655	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,105	...	...	240	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.6	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.3	...	...	42.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	949	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	875	...	...	1,037	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	61,425	30,075	31,355	4,485	2,220	2,265
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,665	7,745	6,920	655	330	330
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	18,980	9,345	9,640	1,265	610	655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,785	12,990	14,795	2,565	1,285	1,285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,720	3,595	1,125	555	405	155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,730	1,080	650	210	95	115
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,990	2,515	475	345	305	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,650	5,455	8,195	840	345	495
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,065	470	595	155	60	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	8,350	3,460	4,885	1,015	470	545
Bachelor's degree	5,845	2,335	3,510	570	240	330
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	605	220	380	100	55	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	180	130	35	20	15
Master's degree	1,415	625	785	270	125	145
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175	105	75	35	30	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	38,975	19,130	19,840	2,290	1,095	1,190
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,995	3,375	2,620	205	105	100
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,230	6,245	5,985	650	310	335
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,750	9,510	11,235	1,440	680	760
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,275	2,525	750	320	230	90
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,150	730	420	105	45	60
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,130	1,800	330	220	185	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,560	4,275	6,285	455	205	245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	670	300	370	85	35	50
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,245	2,410	3,835	580	210	370
Bachelor's degree	4,460	1,715	2,740	340	115	220
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	160	305	50	15	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	110	115	25	10	15
Master's degree	980	360	625	165	65	100
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	105	60	50	0	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	61,430	30,075	31,350	4,485	2,220	2,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	33,640	17,085	16,555	1,915	940	980
Education	1,965	465	1,500	225	50	175
13. Education	1,970	465	1,500	225	50	180
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,380	610	770	135	60	70
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	160	40	25	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,180	450	730	105	40	70
Humanities	1,525	610	915	135	60	80
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	35	65	10	15	0
23. English language and literature/letters	380	110	275	30	10	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	285	75	210	20	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	15	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	55	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	140	115	10	0	0
54. History	270	165	105	35	20	20
55. French language and literature/letters	95	15	75	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,920	700	2,220	285	105	180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	35	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	70	155	10	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	45	895	55	0	60
22. Legal professions and studies	350	85	265	35	15	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	90	25	70	0	0	0
42. Psychology	485	125	365	105	40	60
45. Social sciences	790	355	440	65	35	30
Business, management and public administration	4,290	1,565	2,720	380	155	225
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	115	350	25	10	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,820	1,450	2,370	355	150	205
Physical and life sciences and technologies	575	255	320	70	45	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205	75	130	15	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	55	80	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	125	80	45	30	30	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	45	50	10	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	670	400	265	85	45	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	280	150	50	25	25
25. Library science	75	15	55	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	95	45	25	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	10	10	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,900	5,545	355	575	540	35
04. Architecture and related services	200	145	55	0	0	0
14. Engineering	535	440	90	75	70	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,005	880	120	80	75	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,390	1,385	0	145	135	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,630	1,585	50	170	170	10
48. Precision production	1,140	1,105	35	100	95	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,580	1,200	375	100	70	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,415	1,085	330	60	40	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	120	45	40	30	10
Health and related fields	4,845	640	4,200	460	75	385
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	385	155	230	30	10	25
51. Health professions and related programs	4,365	430	3,940	405	60	350
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	60	35	20	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,100	995	1,105	120	80	40
12. Personal and culinary services	1,180	220	960	65	25	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	10	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	555	420	135	15	20	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	335	10	35	40	0
Other	40	0	45	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	0	40	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	38,975	19,130	19,840	2,285	1,095	1,195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	18,225	9,620	8,605	850	420	435
Education	1,265	285	980	130	15	110
13. Education	1,265	285	980	130	15	110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,070	430	640	70	35	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	110	40	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	925	325	595	65	30	35
Humanities	1,075	420	655	50	20	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	85	25	60	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	250	60	185	10	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	55	145	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	10	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	35	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	95	90	0	0	0
54. History	185	115	70	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	70	15	50	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,120	450	1,670	175	65	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	170	50	125	15	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	685	35	650	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	275	40	225	20	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	15	50	0	0	0
42. Psychology	345	70	270	65	35	30
45. Social sciences	575	245	330	45	15	30
Business, management and public administration	3,350	1,180	2,165	185	70	110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	80	290	15	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,975	1,100	1,875	175	70	105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	390	155	230	30	15	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	40	105	10	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	50	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	80	45	35	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	35	30	10	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	550	320	230	35	20	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	380	240	140	30	10	15
25. Library science	50	10	35	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	65	40	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,495	4,165	325	340	310	30
04. Architecture and related services	165	125	45	0	0	0
14. Engineering	375	285	85	35	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	825	715	105	50	45	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,090	1,085	10	110	100	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,205	1,150	45	105	100	10
48. Precision production	835	805	35	40	40	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,230	930	295	70	45	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,100	840	260	40	25	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	90	35	30	20	10
Health and related fields	3,645	445	3,200	280	40	235
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	305	110	195	20	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs	3,280	295	2,980	245	40	200
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	45	25	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,535	720	810	80	45	35
12. Personal and culinary services	865	150	710	50	20	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	425	325	95	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	230	0	25	20	0
Other	35	0	35	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	0	35	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	61,425	30,075	31,355	4,480	2,220	2,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,640	17,090	16,555	1,920	940	975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	27,785	12,985	14,800	2,565	1,280	1,285
Location of study inside Canada	25,405	11,860	13,545	2,185	1,090	1,090
Same as province or territory of residence	24,350	11,355	12,995	1,405	710	700
Different than province or territory of residence	1,055	505	550	775	380	390
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,380	1,125	1,250	385	190	195
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	655	280	380	120	75	50
Philippines	120	40	75	0	0	0
India	140	65	75	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	455	265	190	145	80	65
China^{Census data footnote 162}	35	15	25	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	965	460	505	110	40	75
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	38,975	19,135	19,840	2,290	1,100	1,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,225	9,620	8,605	850	420	435
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	20,750	9,510	11,240	1,435	680	760
Location of study inside Canada	19,240	8,870	10,375	1,290	615	670
Same as province or territory of residence	18,420	8,500	9,920	945	455	495
Different than province or territory of residence	825	375	450	340	170	175
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,510	640	865	150	60	90
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	445	155	285	65	30	35
Philippines	110	35	70	0	0	0
India	110	50	65	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	205	110	90	30	15	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	10	20	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other	610	275	330	45	15	35
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	61,425	30,075	31,350	4,480	2,220	2,265
In the labour force	42,880	22,540	20,335	2,195	1,085	1,110
Employed	41,145	21,725	19,420	2,075	1,020	1,055
Unemployed	1,735	820	920	120	60	60
Not in the labour force	18,550	7,530	11,020	2,285	1,130	1,155
Participation rate	69.8	74.9	64.9	49.0	48.9	49.0
Employment rate	67.0	72.2	61.9	46.3	45.9	46.6
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.6	4.5	5.5	5.5	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	61,425	30,075	31,355	4,485	2,220	2,260
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	16,440	6,550	9,890	2,035	930	1,105
Worked	44,985	23,520	21,465	2,445	1,285	1,155
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	25,555	15,055	10,500	1,085	605	475
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	19,430	8,465	10,970	1,365	680	680
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.5	45.2	43.7	41.3	41.0	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	42,875	22,545	20,335	2,200	1,085	1,110
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	365	175	190	40	15	25
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	42,515	22,365	20,150	2,155	1,070	1,085
Employee	35,850	18,430	17,420	1,700	805	895
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,665	3,935	2,735	445	265	190
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	42,880	22,545	20,335	2,195	1,085	1,115
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	365	180	190	45	15	25
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	42,515	22,365	20,155	2,155	1,070	1,080
0 Management occupations	5,030	3,360	1,675	310	185	125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,285	1,355	3,925	300	65	240
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,680	1,190	490	105	80	20
3 Health occupations	2,535	325	2,210	185	45	140
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,600	940	2,665	250	75	175
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,165	525	635	75	35	40
6 Sales and service occupations	8,515	3,065	5,455	445	170	275
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,710	7,150	560	355	320	35
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,080	1,395	685	80	60	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,910	3,050	1,855	50	35	15
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	42,875	22,545	20,335	2,195	1,085	1,110
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	365	175	185	45	15	30
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	42,515	22,365	20,150	2,155	1,065	1,085
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,925	2,620	1,300	100	60	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	75	10	10	15	0
22 Utilities	135	115	20	10	10	10
23 Construction	3,510	3,140	370	240	200	45
31-33 Manufacturing	8,070	5,545	2,520	130	85	50
41 Wholesale trade	1,890	1,345	545	45	30	15
44-45 Retail trade	4,395	2,000	2,390	300	115	190
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,590	1,165	425	50	40	10
51 Information and cultural industries	435	200	230	35	25	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,650	470	1,180	60	30	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	450	265	190	35	10	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,715	830	890	125	65	60
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,395	680	710	70	55	15
61 Educational services	2,200	570	1,630	180	45	130
62 Health care and social assistance	4,430	500	3,930	320	85	235
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,195	485	715	45	25	20
72 Accommodation and food services	2,445	840	1,600	140	65	70
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,845	880	965	100	45	55
91 Public administration	1,135	625	505	160	85	75
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	41,145	21,725	19,420	2,075	1,020	1,055
Worked at home	5,060	2,825	2,235	285	115	165
Worked outside Canada	115	80	30	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	3,925	2,995	930	260	205	60
Worked at usual place	32,050	15,835	16,220	1,530	705	830
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	32,050	15,830	16,215	1,530	700	830
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,510	8,760	9,750	295	140	155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,740	3,240	3,505	675	270	410
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,760	3,825	2,935	545	280	265
Commute to a different province or territory	40	10	35	15	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	35,970	18,820	17,150	1,790	905	885
Car, truck, van - as a driver	29,220	15,575	13,645	1,515	765	755
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,685	1,235	1,450	120	65	60
Public transit	395	130	265	45	15	25
Walked	2,610	1,200	1,410	60	35	25
Bicycle	670	480	185	20	10	10
Other method	400	200	200	30	15	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	35,975	18,825	17,150	1,795	910	890
Less than 15 minutes	18,670	9,215	9,455	495	225	270
15 to 29 minutes	9,280	4,730	4,550	510	200	305
30 to 44 minutes	4,310	2,535	1,775	275	160	115
45 to 59 minutes	2,175	1,275	900	240	135	100
60 minutes and over	1,545	1,080	460	280	185	95
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	35,975	18,825	17,150	1,795	905	885
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,785	1,980	805	155	100	55
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,330	4,905	2,430	370	230	140
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,675	4,810	3,865	495	225	270
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,305	2,345	4,960	355	125	225
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,235	1,255	1,975	195	100	90
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,650	3,525	3,120	230	125	105
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	45,905	23,900	22,005	2,525	1,310	1,215
Single responses	45,715	23,835	21,880	2,525	1,315	1,215
Official languages	45,255	23,550	21,705	2,520	1,310	1,210
English	45,210	23,525	21,680	2,510	1,310	1,200
French	50	25	25	15	0	10
Non-official languages	460	280	175	10	0	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	460	280	180	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	440	270	170	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	410	245	165	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	20	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	345	205	140	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	25	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	25	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	190	70	120	0	0	0
English and French	70	15	60	0	0	0
English and non-official language	105	55	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	45,900	23,900	22,000	2,525	1,310	1,215
None	44,855	23,345	21,510	2,505	1,310	1,195
English	270	165	105	20	0	20
French	195	40	150	0	0	0
Non-official language	555	335	220	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	555	330	225	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	10	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	74,350	36,680	37,665	4,980	2,460	2,515
Non-movers	66,445	32,800	33,650	4,340	2,165	2,170
Movers	7,900	3,885	4,015	640	290	345
Non-migrants	4,045	1,975	2,070	145	85	65
Migrants	3,860	1,910	1,945	495	210	280
Internal migrants	3,570	1,765	1,805	420	170	245
Intraprovincial migrants	3,335	1,640	1,695	315	125	190
Interprovincial migrants	230	120	105	105	45	60
External migrants	285	145	145	80	40	35
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	70,775	34,845	35,930	4,865	2,405	2,460
Non-movers	47,885	23,880	24,000	3,255	1,610	1,645
Movers	22,890	10,965	11,930	1,610	795	810
Non-migrants	11,740	5,695	6,045	465	250	215
Migrants	11,150	5,270	5,885	1,145	545	595
Internal migrants	10,445	4,890	5,555	1,065	500	570
Intraprovincial migrants	9,785	4,580	5,205	700	320	380
Interprovincial migrants	660	315	350	365	180	190
External migrants	710	375	330	75	45	30

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Perth, CTY [Census division], Ontario and Cowichan Valley C, RDA [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Perth, County [Census division], Ontario and Cowichan Valley C, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Perth, County [Census division], Ontario and Cowichan Valley C, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Perth, County [Census division], Ontario and Cowichan Valley C, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia