Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oxford, County [Census division], Ontario and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oxford, CTY Ontario [Census division]			Richmond, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Oxford, County [Census division], Ontario Map : Oxford, County [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	110,862	...	...	3,232	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	105,719	...	...	3,275	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	-1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	45,350	...	...	1,679	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	44,266	...	...	1,572	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	54.4	...	...	467.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,039.61	...	...	6.92	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	110,860	54,745	56,115	3,235	1,610	1,620
0 to 14 years	19,720	10,140	9,580	450	240	200
0 to 4 years	6,465	3,290	3,175	170	90	80
5 to 9 years	6,620	3,420	3,205	145	85	65
10 to 14 years	6,625	3,435	3,195	130	70	60
15 to 64 years	70,460	35,280	35,180	2,005	1,025	975
15 to 19 years	6,720	3,445	3,275	140	75	70
20 to 24 years	6,430	3,290	3,135	195	100	95
25 to 29 years	6,360	3,200	3,160	175	90	85
30 to 34 years	6,640	3,395	3,245	170	95	80
35 to 39 years	6,560	3,295	3,265	200	105	95
40 to 44 years	6,695	3,350	3,345	160	80	85
45 to 49 years	7,005	3,535	3,470	180	90	90
50 to 54 years	8,500	4,155	4,340	240	115	125
55 to 59 years	8,265	4,035	4,235	275	145	130
60 to 64 years	7,285	3,590	3,695	265	135	130
65 years and over	20,680	9,325	11,355	785	340	440
65 to 69 years	6,495	3,115	3,385	245	120	125
70 to 74 years	4,870	2,320	2,550	165	85	80
75 to 79 years	3,705	1,725	1,980	160	75	85
80 to 84 years	2,790	1,165	1,625	105	35	70
85 years and over	2,825	1,000	1,820	110	30	80
85 to 89 years	1,790	710	1,085	65	20	45
90 to 94 years	800	240	560	35	10	25
95 to 99 years	210	50	155	10	0	10
100 years and over	30	5	20	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.5	17.1	13.9	14.9	12.3
15 to 64 years	63.6	64.4	62.7	62.0	63.7	60.2
65 years and over	18.7	17.0	20.2	24.3	21.1	27.2
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.2	3.4	1.9	4.9
Average age of the population	41.5	40.4	42.6	45.6	43.7	47.5
Median age of the population	42.3	40.9	43.6	48.6	46.1	50.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	44,265	...	...	1,570	...	...
Single-detached house	31,955	...	...	685	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,925	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	10,155	...	...	890	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,325	...	...	70	...	...
Row house	2,680	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	790	...	...	215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,255	...	...	570	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	225	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
1 person	11,285	...	...	660	...	...
2 persons	16,730	...	...	540	...	...
3 persons	6,490	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	6,065	...	...	130	...	...
5 or more persons	3,690	...	...	55	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,155	...	...	3,120	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	91,145	44,605	46,540	2,785	1,365	1,415
Married or living common law	56,630	28,320	28,310	1,500	750	750
Married	47,420	23,720	23,695	870	430	435
Living common law	9,210	4,600	4,610	630	320	315
Not married and not living common law	34,515	16,285	18,235	1,290	620	670
Never married	20,685	11,585	9,105	730	420	305
Separated	2,750	1,240	1,515	50	25	25
Divorced	5,175	2,235	2,940	275	125	150
Widowed	5,905	1,230	4,675	235	45	185
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	32,460	...	...	875	...	...
2 persons	17,215	...	...	515	...	...
3 persons	6,330	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	5,835	...	...	130	...	...
5 or more persons	3,070	...	...	50	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	32,460	...	...	880	...	...
Total couple families	27,905	...	...	740	...	...
Married couples	23,305	...	...	420	...	...
Common-law couples	4,605	...	...	315	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,555	...	...	135	...	...
Female parent	3,490	...	...	105	...	...
Male parent	1,065	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	27,905	...	...	740	...	...
Couples without children	14,520	...	...	440	...	...
Couples with children	13,385	...	...	295	...	...
1 child	4,970	...	...	135	...	...
2 children	5,450	...	...	110	...	...
3 or more children	2,965	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,550	...	...	140	...	...
1 child	2,695	...	...	75	...	...
2 children	1,365	...	...	50	...	...
3 or more children	495	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,320	7,390	7,940	765	380	390
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
One-census-family households	31,295	...	...	870	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,050	...	...	440	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	17,245	...	...	435	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	575	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,395	...	...	700	...	...
One-person households	11,285	...	...	660	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,110	...	...	40	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	109,720	54,365	55,355	3,235	1,610	1,620
English only	104,690	52,215	52,475	230	100	130
French only	30	15	20	1,435	685	745
English and French	4,565	1,920	2,650	1,565	825	745
Neither English nor French	435	220	215	5	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	109,725	54,370	55,360	3,230	1,610	1,625
English	108,245	53,670	54,575	805	400	405
French	960	450	515	2,395	1,190	1,210
English and French	100	40	55	30	20	10
Neither English nor French	415	210	210	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,010	470	540	815	410	410
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.9	0.9	1.0	25.2	25.5	25.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	109,720	54,370	55,360	3,230	1,610	1,625
Single responses	108,875	53,950	54,925	3,175	1,580	1,595
Official languages	99,290	49,235	50,055	3,140	1,565	1,575
English	98,190	48,730	49,460	780	390	390
French	1,105	505	595	2,360	1,175	1,185
Non-official languages	9,580	4,715	4,870	35	20	20
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,575	4,715	4,860	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	75	50	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	75	50	0	0	0
Amharic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	55	40	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	80	95	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	165	70	90	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	45	105	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	30	80	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	25	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	15	20	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,040	4,005	4,040	25	15	15
Albanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	505	595	5	5	0
Baltic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,060	485	575	5	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Czech	20	5	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	700	305	390	0	0	0
Russian	50	20	25	5	0	0
Serbian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,155	2,540	2,615	15	0	10
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	2,690	1,350	1,335	5	0	0
Frisian	65	35	30	0	0	0
German	2,165	1,050	1,110	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	190	80	110	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	100	50	45	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	380	195	180	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	345	180	165	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	90	50	45	0	0	0
Hindi	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	70	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	65	35	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,270	690	580	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	335	180	155	0	0	0
Portuguese	505	265	240	0	0	0
Romanian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Spanish	335	200	135	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	60	30	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	130	60	65	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	95	105	0	0	0
Chinese languages	190	90	100	0	0	0
Cantonese	65	30	30	0	0	0
Hakka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	35	55	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Lao	30	15	15	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	485	235	250	5	5	0
Estonian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	470	225	245	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	850	420	435	60	30	30
English and French	150	65	85	55	25	25
English and non-official language	675	340	340	0	0	5
French and non-official language	10	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	109,720	54,370	55,355	3,230	1,610	1,625
Single responses	108,175	53,630	54,550	3,145	1,575	1,570
Official languages	105,135	52,145	52,990	3,135	1,570	1,565
English	104,910	52,035	52,870	775	380	395
French	225	110	115	2,360	1,190	1,170
Non-official languages	3,040	1,480	1,555	10	5	10
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,040	1,480	1,555	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	35	25	0	0	0
Amharic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	30	20	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	50	60	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,315	1,140	1,175	5	0	5
Albanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	350	155	195	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	340	155	185	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	265	120	145	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,295	625	675	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	465	230	240	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	5	0	0	0
German	800	375	420	0	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	15	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	110	95	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	185	100	85	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	50	30	25	0	0	0
Hindi	20	5	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	40	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	20	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	425	235	190	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	75	35	45	5	0	5
Portuguese	135	55	80	0	0	0
Romanian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Spanish	180	125	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	40	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	45	60	0	0	0
Chinese languages	100	40	55	0	0	0
Cantonese	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	10	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	55	80	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	130	55	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,545	740	805	85	40	50
English and French	95	40	55	80	35	45
English and non-official language	1,435	690	740	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	109,725	54,365	55,355	3,230	1,610	1,625
None	104,400	51,850	52,545	2,690	1,330	1,360
English	1,285	610	675	275	140	135
French	860	385	475	245	125	120
Non-official language	3,110	1,490	1,620	25	10	10
Aboriginal	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,105	1,490	1,620	25	10	10
English and French	5	5	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	15	10	0	5	0
French and non-official language	40	15	25	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	89,450	44,005	45,445	2,675	1,325	1,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	86,540	42,680	43,860	2,605	1,295	1,305
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,025	43,979	28,944	28,416	33,296	24,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	86,550	42,680	43,870	2,600	1,300	1,305
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,590	38,895	26,671	25,888	29,683	22,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	79,225	40,040	39,195	2,205	1,125	1,075
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,426	42,620	25,236	25,813	31,552	20,544
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	60,680	26,925	33,755	2,140	1,010	1,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,799	5,600	7,296	9,014	8,208	10,123
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	65,530	34,560	30,965	1,715	920	795
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,195	43,584	27,407	28,736	34,624	24,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	89,455	44,005	45,445	2,700	1,330	1,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,520	42,625	43,900	2,585	1,285	1,300
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,553	51,365	35,968	32,804	35,725	29,918
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,535	42,625	43,910	2,590	1,285	1,300
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,892	42,713	31,241	28,629	30,571	26,711
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	79,210	39,995	39,215	2,220	1,105	1,110
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,217	49,504	32,764	29,140	33,631	24,662
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	60,645	26,980	33,660	2,075	970	1,110
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,307	7,765	8,740	9,703	8,928	10,379
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,530	34,555	30,975	1,770	930	840
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,260	48,019	33,721	31,725	35,061	28,035
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	89,450	44,005	45,450	2,705	1,330	1,370
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	35,165	20,925	14,235	815	470	340
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,876	55,790	45,195	40,121	42,791	35,629
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	57,230	62,276	49,814	43,087	45,714	39,470
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.6	90.3	81.5	76.3	82.2	68.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.5	75.9	65.3	63.0	68.1	57.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.4	9.7	18.5	23.7	18.1	31.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	89,455	44,005	45,450	2,670	1,325	1,345
Without total income	2,915	1,325	1,590	65	30	35
With total income	86,540	42,680	43,860	2,605	1,295	1,310
Percentage with total income	96.7	97.0	96.5	97.6	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,945	3,815	6,130	270	120	145
$10,000 to $19,999	14,135	5,250	8,880	590	225	360
$20,000 to $29,999	12,660	5,090	7,570	520	230	295
$30,000 to $39,999	10,730	5,010	5,715	420	230	195
$40,000 to $49,999	10,435	5,220	5,215	335	185	155
$50,000 to $59,999	8,310	4,825	3,485	160	100	65
$60,000 to $69,999	5,870	3,715	2,150	115	80	35
$70,000 to $79,999	3,900	2,505	1,395	85	55	30
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	1,915	1,020	35	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	2,760	1,750	1,010	25	15	5
$100,000 and over	4,865	3,580	1,285	45	35	15
$100,000 to $149,999	3,720	2,720	1,000	30	20	10
$150,000 and over	1,140	860	285	15	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	89,450	44,000	45,450	2,670	1,330	1,345
Without after-tax income	2,895	1,320	1,580	65	30	40
With after-tax income	86,555	42,680	43,875	2,605	1,300	1,305
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.5	97.6	97.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,305	3,910	6,395	280	120	160
$10,000 to $19,999	14,880	5,545	9,335	610	245	370
$20,000 to $29,999	14,735	6,085	8,650	645	300	340
$30,000 to $39,999	13,400	6,565	6,840	505	280	230
$40,000 to $49,999	12,090	6,690	5,400	285	165	120
$50,000 to $59,999	7,555	4,710	2,845	150	100	50
$60,000 to $69,999	4,930	3,225	1,700	60	40	20
$70,000 to $79,999	3,890	2,525	1,365	25	20	5
$80,000 and over	4,765	3,430	1,335	40	25	15
$80,000 to $89,999	1,925	1,355	570	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,020	735	280	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	1,820	1,335	480	20	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	89,450	44,005	45,445	2,675	1,325	1,345
Without employment income	23,920	9,440	14,485	960	410	550
With employment income	65,530	34,560	30,965	1,710	915	795
Percentage with employment income	73.3	78.5	68.1	63.9	69.1	59.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,230	4,590	4,650	205	105	100
$5,000 to $9,999	5,205	2,100	3,105	145	60	90
$10,000 to $19,999	8,280	3,440	4,835	225	90	130
$20,000 to $29,999	6,620	2,775	3,850	315	140	180
$30,000 to $39,999	6,785	3,075	3,710	270	140	125
$40,000 to $49,999	7,405	3,810	3,595	225	145	75
$50,000 to $59,999	6,270	3,885	2,385	120	80	40
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	2,820	1,395	65	50	20
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980	1,995	995	75	55	25
$80,000 and over	8,535	6,085	2,450	70	55	10
$80,000 to $89,999	2,425	1,610	820	25	20	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	1,545	830	15	15	5
$100,000 and over	3,735	2,930	805	30	25	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	44,265	...	...	1,570	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,294	...	...	45,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,630	...	...	40,704	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	11,285	...	...	660	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,080	...	...	25,152	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,582	...	...	23,654	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,980	...	...	910	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,520	...	...	64,853	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,405	...	...	57,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,131	...	...	53,967	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,120	...	...	47,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,265	...	...	695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,323	...	...	29,775	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,265	...	...	26,512	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	33,000	...	...	880	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,742	...	...	73,133	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,358	...	...	63,410	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	44,265	...	...	1,570	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	945	...	...	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,365	...	...	130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,795	...	...	115	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,555	...	...	100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,840	...	...	110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,895	...	...	105	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,995	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,000	...	...	90	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,780	...	...	140	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,450	...	...	125	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300	...	...	105	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,985	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,860	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,745	...	...	195	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,335	...	...	100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,370	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,225	...	...	35	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,815	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	965	...	...	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,445	...	...	135	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,025	...	...	140	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,755	...	...	110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,150	...	...	145	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,365	...	...	110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,440	...	...	120	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	90	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,375	...	...	160	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,075	...	...	120	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,880	...	...	95	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,365	...	...	65	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,735	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,585	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,720	...	...	70	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,400	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,470	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	32,210	...	...	890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,418	...	...	64,939	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,275	...	...	57,856	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	13,780	...	...	430	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,487	...	...	57,173	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,980	...	...	50,816	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	13,525	...	...	295	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,648	...	...	85,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,663	...	...	73,984	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,235	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,982	...	...	47,659	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,651	...	...	43,904	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	32,300	...	...	855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,517	...	...	73,592	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,114	...	...	63,789	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	13,830	...	...	400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,425	...	...	66,547	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,266	...	...	58,205	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	13,525	...	...	310	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,073	...	...	91,473	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,636	...	...	77,990	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,260	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,062	...	...	53,336	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,583	...	...	47,484	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	13,675	6,665	7,005	720	360	365
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,463	40,168	29,664	25,224	27,872	23,296
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,259	35,379	27,488	23,701	25,690	22,528
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	13,485	6,650	6,835	740	355	380
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,094	45,562	36,748	29,476	31,085	27,984
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,276	38,314	32,321	26,236	27,025	25,505
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	109,155	54,140	55,015	3,115	1,570	1,545
In the bottom half of the distribution	53,255	25,530	27,725	2,240	1,090	1,145
In the bottom decile	7,250	3,435	3,815	305	160	150
In the second decile	9,965	4,390	5,575	540	225	310
In the third decile	11,765	5,655	6,105	530	265	265
In the fourth decile	11,940	5,855	6,090	490	260	230
In the fifth decile	12,335	6,190	6,145	370	185	190
In the top half of the distribution	55,900	28,605	27,290	880	480	405
In the sixth decile	12,880	6,535	6,350	325	185	145
In the seventh decile	12,575	6,425	6,150	235	125	110
In the eighth decile	12,115	6,195	5,920	170	95	80
In the ninth decile	11,115	5,765	5,350	95	50	40
In the top decile	7,215	3,685	3,525	60	25	30
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	109,155	54,135	55,020	3,115	1,570	1,550
0 to 17 years	23,790	12,205	11,585	530	290	245
0 to 5 years	7,740	3,920	3,820	200	110	90
18 to 64 years	66,005	32,990	33,015	1,895	965	930
65 years and over	19,360	8,945	10,420	690	315	375
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,835	5,315	6,520	585	275	310
0 to 17 years	3,260	1,640	1,615	85	50	30
0 to 5 years	1,225	610	615	30	20	15
18 to 64 years	6,465	2,975	3,490	315	160	160
65 years and over	2,105	690	1,415	185	70	115
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	9.8	11.9	18.8	17.5	20.0
0 to 17 years (%)	13.7	13.4	13.9	16.0	17.2	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.6	16.1	15.0	18.2	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.0	10.6	16.6	16.6	17.2
65 years and over (%)	10.9	7.7	13.6	26.8	22.2	30.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,720	2,280	2,435	205	120	90
0 to 17 years	1,140	570	570	30	15	10
0 to 5 years	425	205	220	10	10	5
18 to 64 years	3,270	1,590	1,690	165	90	75
65 years and over	305	120	180	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.2	4.4	6.6	7.6	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.7	4.9	5.7	5.2	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	5.2	5.8	5.0	9.1	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	4.8	5.1	8.7	9.3	8.1
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.7	2.2	3.2	1.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	109,155	54,135	55,015	3,120	1,535	1,580
Official languages	108,725	53,980	54,745	3,120	1,530	1,585
English	108,715	53,975	54,730	1,765	920	840
French	4,560	1,805	2,755	2,895	1,430	1,465
Non-official languages	11,985	5,885	6,100	100	35	65
Aboriginal languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,940	5,860	6,080	100	35	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	75	40	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	75	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	105	70	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	110	105	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	200	105	95	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	250	100	150	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	85	140	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,170	4,985	5,190	90	30	65
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,215	565	650	10	0	10
Baltic languages	20	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,195	555	640	10	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	55	35	25	10	10	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	810	350	460	0	0	0
Russian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Serbian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	10
Slovak	50	30	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,460	3,140	3,320	20	0	15
Afrikaans	20	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dutch	3,585	1,775	1,810	10	0	0
Frisian	80	45	35	0	0	0
German	2,605	1,245	1,355	15	0	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	20	15	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	260	115	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	225	120	105	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	350	190	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	320	170	150	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	80	35	45	0	0	0
Hindi	90	50	50	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	40	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,035	1,045	990	75	20	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	510	260	245	20	0	10
Portuguese	675	375	295	0	10	0
Romanian	135	70	65	0	0	0
Spanish	765	370	395	55	10	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	120	65	60	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	130	75	65	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	30	40	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	30	20	20	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	200	105	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	80	30	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	120	75	50	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	70	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages	130	65	65	0	0	0
Cantonese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hakka	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	25	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Lao	20	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	20	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	540	275	270	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	15	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	515	250	265	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	109,155	54,140	55,020	3,120	1,535	1,580
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	106,810	53,005	53,810	3,100	1,525	1,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,705	12,105	11,600	550	275	275
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,110	40,895	42,210	2,555	1,250	1,305
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,345	1,135	1,210	15	10	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	109,155	54,135	55,020	3,120	1,535	1,585
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	98,090	48,730	49,360	3,070	1,500	1,565
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	10,785	5,230	5,555	50	35	20
Before 1981	6,045	2,880	3,170	25	10	10
1981 to 1990	1,400	685	710	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	1,475	730	745	10	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,355	685	665	20	20	10
2001 to 2005	735	375	365	15	10	0
2006 to 2010	620	315	305	10	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	515	260	260	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	280	170	105	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10,785	5,235	5,555	50	35	20
Under 5 years	1,650	820	830	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	2,835	1,410	1,425	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	2,665	1,250	1,415	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	3,190	1,515	1,685	20	10	10
45 years and over	440	235	205	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,785	5,235	5,550	50	35	15
Americas	1,720	850	870	15	0	10
Brazil	35	15	15	0	0	0
Colombia	80	45	35	0	0	0
El Salvador	30	20	15	0	0	0
Guyana	70	35	30	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	155	95	60	0	0	0
Mexico	450	255	200	0	0	0
Peru	20	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	35	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	620	240	380	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	195	90	105	0	0	0
Europe	7,685	3,720	3,965	40	30	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	30	20	0	10	0
Croatia	60	35	25	0	0	0
France	35	20	15	20	15	0
Germany	580	280	295	0	0	10
Greece	80	50	30	0	0	0
Hungary	235	135	100	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	80	55	25	0	0	0
Italy	245	120	125	10	0	10
Netherlands	2,380	1,150	1,235	0	0	0
Poland	505	220	280	0	0	0
Portugal	400	205	200	0	0	0
Romania	185	95	95	0	0	0
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	45	10	30	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	15	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,115	985	1,135	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	610	305	310	0	0	0
Africa	195	95	95	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	20	25	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	35	0	0	0
Asia	1,170	555	615	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	60	25	30	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	255	135	120	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	95	45	45	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	20	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	75	40	35	0	0	0
Philippines	215	65	150	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	130	50	80	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	220	115	105	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	515	260	260	0	0	0
Americas	210	100	110	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	35	20	0	0	0
Mexico	15	15	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	70	20	50	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	15	25	0	0	0
Europe	90	60	35	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	45	30	0	0	0
Africa	45	25	20	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	15	15	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	170	75	90	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	35	20	15	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	75	35	45	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	10	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	109,155	54,140	55,020	3,120	1,535	1,580
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,465	5,605	5,865	50	35	15
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	19,620	9,970	9,650	125	55	75
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	78,070	38,565	39,505	2,935	1,440	1,495
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,840	2,415	2,425	25	20	10
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,485	1,300	1,185	15	10	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	730	535	195	15	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,755	760	995	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,695	710	985	0	10	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	610	385	225	10	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	15	30	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	109,155	54,135	55,020	3,120	1,535	1,585
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,050	975	1,075	25	15	10
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,940	950	990	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,195	610	585	10	10	0
Métis	740	330	410	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	45	10	30	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	70	20	50	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	107,105	53,160	53,945	3,095	1,520	1,575
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	109,155	54,135	55,020	3,120	1,535	1,585
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	625	280	340	15	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,530	53,855	54,675	3,105	1,525	1,580
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	109,155	54,135	55,015	3,120	1,535	1,585
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	320	145	175	30	20	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	300	125	170	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	240	100	145	30	15	15
Métis single ancestry	45	25	25	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	3,220	1,555	1,665	95	40	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,120	1,520	1,605	95	35	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,360	1,160	1,200	70	35	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	720	355	365	25	0	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	0	40	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	100	35	60	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	40	60	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	105,615	52,440	53,175	2,990	1,475	1,515
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	109,155	54,135	55,015	3,115	1,535	1,580
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,440	1,805	1,640	10	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	575	315	265	0	0	0
Chinese	200	85	115	0	0	0
Black	935	520	410	0	0	0
Filipino	365	155	210	0	0	0
Latin American	335	150	185	0	0	0
Arab	120	80	40	0	10	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	385	205	180	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	150	75	75	0	0	0
Japanese	105	50	55	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	175	120	55	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	60	35	25	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	105,715	52,335	53,380	3,115	1,530	1,585
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	109,155	54,135	55,020	3,115	1,535	1,580
North American Aboriginal origins	3,540	1,700	1,840	125	60	65
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,720	1,310	1,415	100	50	50
Inuit	70	15	50	0	0	0
Métis	870	425	450	20	0	20
Other North American origins	37,880	18,700	19,185	2,240	1,045	1,190
Acadian	60	35	25	20	10	10
American	1,485	675	805	35	0	25
Canadian	36,945	18,330	18,620	2,120	990	1,130
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	15	35	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	50	20	30	85	45	40
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	88,180	43,640	44,535	1,380	695	680
British Isles origins	59,575	29,230	30,345	645	340	300
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	20	10	15	0	0	0
English	38,665	18,795	19,870	305	165	135
Irish	20,845	9,930	10,920	300	175	130
Manx	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish	26,495	12,930	13,565	175	80	90
Welsh	1,915	965	955	20	10	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,275	1,485	1,790	25	10	20
French origins	9,420	4,375	5,050	905	445	460
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	9,425	4,375	5,050	895	435	460
Western European origins (except French origins)	37,205	18,435	18,765	165	75	90
Austrian	420	245	175	0	0	0
Bavarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belgian	3,095	1,510	1,580	10	0	10
Dutch	15,865	8,050	7,815	60	25	35
Flemish	85	40	45	0	0	0
Frisian	175	85	90	0	0	0
German	20,470	9,930	10,535	100	50	50
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	10
Swiss	945	505	445	35	20	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,725	880	845	10	10	0
Danish	480	290	190	0	0	0
Finnish	240	135	100	10	0	0
Icelandic	70	45	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	455	185	270	0	0	0
Swedish	460	200	265	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	90	60	30	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	9,980	4,860	5,120	10	10	0
Bulgarian	55	30	20	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	165	90	80	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	85	90	0	0	0
Estonian	65	30	45	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,915	1,440	1,470	0	0	0
Latvian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	215	100	120	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	3,575	1,660	1,915	10	0	0
Romanian	545	235	315	0	0	0
Russian	945	460	485	10	0	0
Slovak	245	115	135	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,105	1,065	1,045	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	20	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins	6,255	3,285	2,970	60	35	25
Albanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	30	10	0	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	275	130	145	0	0	0
Cypriot	90	40	55	0	0	0
Greek	535	300	235	0	0	0
Italian	2,970	1,515	1,460	40	20	20
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Maltese	160	75	85	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,545	885	665	0	0	0
Serbian	125	70	60	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	105	60	50	0	0	0
Spanish	535	260	280	15	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	210	95	115	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	330	155	175	10	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	90	30	60	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	210	115	95	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	860	495	365	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	15	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	60	20	35	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	50	15	30	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	495	285	215	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	55	30	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	25	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	110	65	45	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,190	605	585	10	0	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	45	25	25	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	135	60	80	0	0	0
Costa Rican	25	0	20	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	0	15	0	0	0
Guyanese	130	75	55	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	650	355	295	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	60	40	25	0	0	0
Salvadorean	45	20	30	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	10	10	0	0	0
African origins	375	210	170	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	80	35	50	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	0	20	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	45	30	10	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Libyan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	100	70	35	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	65	45	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	165	85	80	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	145	65	80	0	0	0
Asian origins	2,390	1,150	1,240	10	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	360	170	190	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	55	35	20	0	0	0
Armenian	35	0	25	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Iraqi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	150	55	95	0	0	0
Palestinian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	45	25	20	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	15	10	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	600	325	275	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	450	245	200	0	0	0
Goan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	110	65	50	0	0	0
Punjabi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	10	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,395	640	755	10	0	10
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese	270	125	150	0	0	0
Filipino	405	165	235	0	0	0
Hmong	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	60	20	40	10	0	0
Japanese	165	65	100	0	0	0
Karen	20	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	165	80	80	0	0	0
Laotian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	235	120	115	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	45	15	25	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Oceania origins	95	30	65	0	0	0
Australian	75	25	50	0	0	0
New Zealander	20	0	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
Owner	32,650	...	...	785	...	...
Renter	11,615	...	...	790	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
Condominium	2,410	...	...	95	...	...
Not condominium	41,850	...	...	1,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	44,270	...	...	1,575	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	3,435	...	...	245	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,865	...	...	515	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,790	...	...	540	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,115	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	44,270	...	...	1,570	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,330	...	...	505	...	...
5 rooms	5,565	...	...	390	...	...
6 rooms	7,465	...	...	230	...	...
7 rooms	7,325	...	...	120	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,585	...	...	320	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,060	...	...	1,575	...	...
More than 1 person per room	205	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	44,265	...	...	1,570	...	...
Suitable	43,260	...	...	1,545	...	...
Not suitable	1,010	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
1960 or before	14,965	...	...	765	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,690	...	...	425	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,655	...	...	205	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,040	...	...	50	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,460	...	...	40	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,960	...	...	55	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,495	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	41,535	...	...	1,455	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,730	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	44,270	...	...	1,570	...	...
1 household maintainer	25,050	...	...	1,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	18,675	...	...	435	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	540	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	44,265	...	...	1,575	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,135	...	...	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,885	...	...	175	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,130	...	...	190	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,830	...	...	315	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,785	...	...	345	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,750	...	...	255	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,100	...	...	165	...	...
85 years and over	1,645	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	42,780	...	...	1,570	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,255	...	...	1,280	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,530	...	...	290	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,735	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,325	...	...	790	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.6	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.3	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,097	...	...	781	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,182	...	...	839	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,479	...	...	150,378	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	301,723	...	...	162,842	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,475	...	...	785	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.5	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.9	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	902	...	...	529	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	936	...	...	577	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	89,450	44,005	45,445	2,705	1,335	1,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,995	10,780	10,215	855	435	420
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	27,955	14,105	13,855	675	300	375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,500	19,120	21,380	1,175	600	580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,995	5,140	1,855	475	285	185
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,110	1,935	1,175	390	240	155
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,885	3,200	680	80	50	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	22,045	9,175	12,870	400	180	220
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,290	640	655	45	15	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,170	4,165	6,000	255	120	140
Bachelor's degree	7,545	2,925	4,620	195	95	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	650	265	385	25	15	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	155	130	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,495	735	760	30	15	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	200	95	105	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	56,980	28,345	28,635	1,670	830	840
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,160	4,685	3,480	385	210	180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	18,245	9,470	8,780	405	195	215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,570	14,190	16,380	875	430	450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,780	3,580	1,200	360	215	145
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,105	1,360	750	305	175	125
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,675	2,225	450	60	35	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,245	7,235	10,010	280	130	155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	830	445	385	30	10	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,715	2,930	4,785	205	80	120
Bachelor's degree	5,790	2,115	3,680	145	55	95
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	180	285	25	15	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	90	105	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,130	505	625	30	10	25
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	135	45	90	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	89,450	44,000	45,445	2,700	1,330	1,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	48,955	24,885	24,070	1,530	735	795
Education	2,295	525	1,770	50	15	40
13. Education	2,295	525	1,770	50	10	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,285	520	770	40	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	75	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,025	325	695	35	10	25
Humanities	1,570	575	995	70	40	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	75	0	75	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	410	115	295	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	370	125	245	25	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	260	150	110	0	0	0
54. History	285	135	150	15	15	0
55. French language and literature/letters	70	0	70	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,995	915	3,080	60	10	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	115	175	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,375	70	1,300	15	10	10
22. Legal professions and studies	475	125	350	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	105	10	90	10	0	10
42. Psychology	545	140	405	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	1,175	450	725	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	6,855	2,255	4,595	225	65	165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	745	120	630	0	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,085	2,130	3,955	225	55	160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	460	485	15	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	455	205	245	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	50	95	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	215	145	70	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	50	65	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,090	615	480	30	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	840	475	360	30	30	0
25. Library science	75	25	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	105	60	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,630	9,220	405	335	320	15
04. Architecture and related services	195	150	45	0	0	0
14. Engineering	720	655	65	35	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,250	2,075	180	60	55	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,000	1,970	25	50	50	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,815	2,765	45	95	90	10
48. Precision production	1,645	1,600	45	95	90	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,060	1,595	460	35	30	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,720	1,370	345	25	25	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	225	120	10	10	10
Health and related fields	7,365	905	6,460	200	30	170
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	625	285	335	0	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,695	585	6,105	195	20	170
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	35	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,385	1,545	1,840	110	60	55
12. Personal and culinary services	1,730	305	1,425	55	10	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	965	605	355	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	670	610	60	55	40	10
Other	30	0	30	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	0	30	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	56,980	28,345	28,635	1,670	830	840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	26,410	14,150	12,255	790	400	395
Education	1,400	320	1,075	50	15	35
13. Education	1,395	320	1,075	45	15	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,015	415	595	30	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	155	65	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	800	265	535	30	10	15
Humanities	1,110	400	710	50	20	25
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	75	0	65	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	275	70	205	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	270	95	175	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	30	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	115	65	0	0	0
54. History	205	75	125	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	40	0	40	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,155	685	2,475	35	10	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	110	150	10	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,160	45	1,115	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	395	85	310	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	80	10	75	0	0	0
42. Psychology	350	90	260	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	895	350	550	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	5,350	1,650	3,710	180	40	140
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	95	545	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,695	1,550	3,140	175	35	140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	715	305	405	15	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	145	195	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	35	85	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	160	90	65	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	35	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	925	530	395	25	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	745	430	310	20	20	0
25. Library science	55	20	30	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	75	55	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,190	6,835	350	240	230	15
04. Architecture and related services	175	135	40	0	0	0
14. Engineering	485	420	65	20	20	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,770	1,615	155	45	40	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,465	1,445	15	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,100	2,060	35	75	70	0
48. Precision production	1,200	1,160	35	75	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,605	1,225	380	35	25	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,355	1,060	290	25	20	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	160	90	10	10	10
Health and related fields	5,540	665	4,875	135	20	110
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	515	225	290	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,995	420	4,575	125	15	115
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	30	20	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,550	1,165	1,385	90	40	45
12. Personal and culinary services	1,260	205	1,050	40	0	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	745	465	280	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	540	485	55	40	30	10
Other	20	0	20	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	20	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	89,450	44,005	45,450	2,705	1,330	1,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,955	24,880	24,070	1,525	730	795
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,500	19,120	21,380	1,175	595	575
Location of study inside Canada	37,650	17,605	20,040	1,145	580	570
Same as province or territory of residence	36,170	16,835	19,335	1,100	540	565
Different than province or territory of residence	1,475	770	705	45	35	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,855	1,515	1,335	25	20	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	755	370	385	0	0	0
Philippines	125	55	65	0	0	0
India	65	35	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	520	320	205	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	10	10	0	0	0
France	0	10	0	10	10	0
Other	1,365	730	640	10	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	56,985	28,345	28,635	1,670	830	835
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,410	14,150	12,260	795	405	390
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,575	14,195	16,380	880	430	445
Location of study inside Canada	28,670	13,235	15,435	865	420	445
Same as province or territory of residence	27,655	12,695	14,960	845	400	440
Different than province or territory of residence	1,015	540	475	25	15	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,900	955	945	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	560	260	300	0	0	0
Philippines	105	45	65	0	0	0
India	60	30	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	130	85	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	10	10	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	10	10	0
Other	930	485	450	10	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	89,455	44,005	45,450	2,705	1,330	1,370
In the labour force	59,690	31,740	27,940	1,645	840	810
Employed	56,840	30,190	26,655	1,535	795	745
Unemployed	2,845	1,555	1,290	110	45	60
Not in the labour force	29,765	12,260	17,505	1,060	490	565
Participation rate	66.7	72.1	61.5	60.8	63.2	59.1
Employment rate	63.5	68.6	58.6	56.7	59.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.9	4.6	6.7	5.4	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	89,450	44,005	45,445	2,705	1,335	1,370
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	27,400	11,395	16,010	965	430	535
Worked	62,055	32,610	29,440	1,740	905	835
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	35,890	21,390	14,500	825	480	345
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	26,160	11,225	14,940	910	420	495
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.4	45.2	43.4	41.5	41.2	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	59,690	31,745	27,945	1,645	835	805
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	745	410	335	40	10	35
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	58,945	31,330	27,615	1,605	835	770
Employee	52,050	26,895	25,150	1,415	720	690
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,895	4,435	2,460	195	110	80
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	59,690	31,745	27,945	1,645	840	805
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	740	410	330	40	0	35
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	58,945	31,335	27,610	1,605	835	770
0 Management occupations	6,695	4,350	2,345	130	65	65
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,275	1,855	5,420	170	50	120
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,220	1,695	530	50	35	10
3 Health occupations	3,460	380	3,085	135	25	110
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,795	1,210	3,590	140	45	100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,010	370	640	30	20	15
6 Sales and service occupations	12,225	4,360	7,860	350	115	230
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,525	10,570	950	275	270	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,090	1,485	600	55	55	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,645	5,055	2,590	260	155	110
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	59,690	31,745	27,945	1,640	835	805
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	740	410	330	40	0	35
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	58,940	31,330	27,615	1,605	835	770
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,660	2,530	1,130	40	40	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	150	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	295	235	60	0	0	0
23 Construction	4,365	3,865	500	35	35	0
31-33 Manufacturing	12,800	8,820	3,980	535	335	195
41 Wholesale trade	2,455	1,735	725	20	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	6,265	2,730	3,530	215	75	135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,550	2,565	985	105	95	10
51 Information and cultural industries	630	335	290	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,755	500	1,255	45	15	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	680	405	275	15	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,045	950	1,095	25	15	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,280	1,190	1,090	70	55	10
61 Educational services	2,910	725	2,180	80	35	45
62 Health care and social assistance	5,885	600	5,285	225	35	190
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,015	490	520	25	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,615	1,085	2,525	45	15	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,610	1,310	1,295	75	35	40
91 Public administration	1,955	1,090	865	45	25	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	56,840	30,185	26,655	1,535	790	745
Worked at home	4,805	2,590	2,215	100	50	50
Worked outside Canada	175	130	45	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,735	4,395	1,340	115	80	35
Worked at usual place	46,125	23,075	23,050	1,320	655	660
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	46,120	23,070	23,050	1,320	660	665
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,790	9,485	10,305	610	250	360
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,345	5,875	5,470	325	185	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,910	7,670	7,245	380	215	170
Commute to a different province or territory	75	45	30	0	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	51,860	27,465	24,390	1,435	740	695
Car, truck, van - as a driver	44,395	23,895	20,500	1,180	615	565
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,725	1,745	1,985	55	30	25
Public transit	465	130	335	10	0	0
Walked	2,505	1,200	1,305	140	55	90
Bicycle	310	230	80	25	20	0
Other method	465	270	195	25	20	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	51,860	27,465	24,390	1,435	740	700
Less than 15 minutes	21,570	10,785	10,785	770	340	425
15 to 29 minutes	15,085	7,935	7,145	305	190	110
30 to 44 minutes	8,865	5,025	3,840	270	140	130
45 to 59 minutes	3,830	2,005	1,825	65	40	20
60 minutes and over	2,510	1,705	800	35	25	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	51,860	27,465	24,395	1,435	740	700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,650	3,925	1,725	85	60	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,030	7,250	3,785	370	225	145
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,615	6,475	6,140	410	190	215
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,390	2,835	5,550	260	80	185
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,535	1,225	2,305	40	25	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,645	5,760	4,885	265	165	105
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	63,465	33,310	30,155	1,795	935	860
Single responses	63,275	33,235	30,040	1,670	880	790
Official languages	62,995	33,090	29,905	1,675	880	790
English	62,810	33,045	29,760	245	100	140
French	185	40	145	1,430	780	650
Non-official languages	280	150	135	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	280	150	130	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265	145	120	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	250	135	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	90	60	30	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	165	75	90	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	195	75	115	120	55	65
English and French	45	10	35	115	55	65
English and non-official language	135	70	70	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	63,465	33,310	30,155	1,795	935	865
None	62,025	32,550	29,475	1,200	630	565
English	270	130	135	455	235	220
French	435	195	235	140	65	75
Non-official language	725	425	305	0	0	0
Aboriginal	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	725	425	300	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	107,895	53,535	54,360	3,090	1,520	1,570
Non-movers	94,710	47,145	47,570	2,630	1,325	1,305
Movers	13,185	6,390	6,795	460	195	265
Non-migrants	6,355	3,140	3,210	285	115	170
Migrants	6,835	3,250	3,585	175	85	95
Internal migrants	6,585	3,125	3,465	175	80	95
Intraprovincial migrants	6,335	2,985	3,355	180	80	95
Interprovincial migrants	250	145	110	0	0	0
External migrants	245	120	120	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	102,575	50,790	51,785	2,935	1,450	1,485
Non-movers	65,605	32,695	32,910	1,850	915	930
Movers	36,975	18,100	18,875	1,085	530	550
Non-migrants	17,240	8,480	8,755	625	290	335
Migrants	19,740	9,615	10,120	465	240	220
Internal migrants	18,930	9,200	9,730	460	240	220
Intraprovincial migrants	18,150	8,800	9,355	445	230	220
Interprovincial migrants	780	405	375	20	15	0
External migrants	805	420	385	0	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oxford, CTY [Census division], Ontario and Richmond, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oxford, County [Census division], Ontario and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oxford, County [Census division], Ontario and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oxford, County [Census division], Ontario and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec