Census Profile, 2016 Census
Springwater, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Pontiac, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Springwater, TP Ontario [Census subdivision]			Pontiac, MRC Quebec [Census division]
	Data quality , Springwater, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Springwater, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Pontiac, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	19,059	...	...	14,251	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	18,223	...	...	14,358	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.6	...	...	-0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	7,234	...	...	10,208	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	6,694	...	...	6,203	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	35.5	...	...	1.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	536.28	...	...	12,991.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	19,060	9,610	9,450	14,250	7,100	7,145
0 to 14 years	3,420	1,770	1,650	2,045	1,000	1,045
0 to 4 years	900	470	430	670	320	345
5 to 9 years	1,195	620	575	680	320	365
10 to 14 years	1,330	685	645	690	355	335
15 to 64 years	12,785	6,405	6,380	8,820	4,440	4,375
15 to 19 years	1,280	650	630	780	420	365
20 to 24 years	1,145	630	520	695	375	320
25 to 29 years	810	415	390	700	360	335
30 to 34 years	820	390	435	605	295	300
35 to 39 years	1,190	545	650	640	305	330
40 to 44 years	1,305	675	630	730	365	365
45 to 49 years	1,425	675	750	835	410	425
50 to 54 years	1,810	905	910	1,200	610	590
55 to 59 years	1,660	830	830	1,335	645	690
60 to 64 years	1,335	690	645	1,305	650	655
65 years and over	2,850	1,430	1,415	3,390	1,655	1,730
65 to 69 years	1,115	570	550	1,170	580	590
70 to 74 years	720	370	340	920	475	445
75 to 79 years	480	250	235	590	285	305
80 to 84 years	295	140	155	360	180	185
85 years and over	230	95	130	345	135	210
85 to 89 years	160	65	95	235	95	140
90 to 94 years	60	30	25	90	30	60
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	20	10	10
100 years and over	5	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.4	17.5	14.4	14.1	14.6
15 to 64 years	67.1	66.6	67.5	61.9	62.5	61.2
65 years and over	15.0	14.9	15.0	23.8	23.3	24.2
85 years and over	1.2	1.0	1.4	2.4	1.9	2.9
Average age of the population	40.8	40.4	41.1	45.7	45.4	46.1
Median age of the population	43.4	43.0	43.7	50.4	50.1	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	6,695	...	...	6,205	...	...
Single-detached house	6,250	...	...	5,475	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	430	...	...	690	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	165	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	60	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	120	...	...	120	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	225	...	...	335	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	15	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	6,695	...	...	6,205	...	...
1 person	995	...	...	1,895	...	...
2 persons	2,420	...	...	2,455	...	...
3 persons	1,115	...	...	775	...	...
4 persons	1,395	...	...	705	...	...
5 or more persons	765	...	...	375	...	...
Number of persons in private households	18,945	...	...	14,025	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	15,635	7,840	7,800	12,205	6,100	6,100
Married or living common law	10,510	5,260	5,255	7,320	3,660	3,660
Married	9,040	4,525	4,515	5,845	2,935	2,915
Living common law	1,465	730	735	1,480	730	745
Not married and not living common law	5,125	2,580	2,550	4,880	2,440	2,440
Never married	3,570	1,985	1,590	2,805	1,640	1,160
Separated	380	185	195	250	125	125
Divorced	580	270	300	825	425	400
Widowed	600	140	465	1,000	240	760
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,770	...	...	4,240	...	...
2 persons	2,685	...	...	2,525	...	...
3 persons	1,140	...	...	775	...	...
4 persons	1,395	...	...	650	...	...
5 or more persons	545	...	...	290	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,770	...	...	4,240	...	...
Total couple families	5,205	...	...	3,610	...	...
Married couples	4,475	...	...	2,870	...	...
Common-law couples	735	...	...	740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	560	...	...	630	...	...
Female parent	410	...	...	470	...	...
Male parent	150	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	5,205	...	...	3,615	...	...
Couples without children	2,350	...	...	2,115	...	...
Couples with children	2,860	...	...	1,495	...	...
1 child	965	...	...	620	...	...
2 children	1,360	...	...	600	...	...
3 or more children	540	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	565	...	...	630	...	...
1 child	340	...	...	405	...	...
2 children	180	...	...	155	...	...
3 or more children	40	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,675	855	825	2,470	1,235	1,235
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
One-census-family households	5,355	...	...	4,070	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	2,165	...	...	2,055	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	3,190	...	...	2,020	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	205	...	...	85	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,135	...	...	2,050	...	...
One-person households	995	...	...	1,895	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	140	...	...	155	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	18,965	9,570	9,395	14,105	7,040	7,060
English only	17,610	9,045	8,565	5,975	3,075	2,905
French only	10	5	5	850	410	440
English and French	1,320	510	810	7,270	3,555	3,710
Neither English nor French	25	10	20	5	5	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	18,970	9,575	9,395	14,105	7,040	7,065
English	18,585	9,395	9,190	8,325	4,120	4,205
French	335	155	180	5,680	2,870	2,815
English and French	20	5	15	100	55	50
Neither English nor French	25	5	15	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	350	165	185	8,375	4,145	4,225
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.8	1.7	2.0	59.4	58.9	59.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	18,965	9,575	9,395	14,105	7,045	7,065
Single responses	18,820	9,505	9,310	13,850	6,920	6,925
Official languages	17,785	9,000	8,785	13,655	6,830	6,825
English	17,425	8,825	8,595	8,020	3,985	4,040
French	365	170	190	5,635	2,845	2,790
Non-official languages	1,035	505	525	195	95	100
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,030	500	530	185	90	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5	5	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	15	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	5	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	5	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	855	425	430	140	65	75
Albanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	245	105	140	25	15	5
Baltic languages	20	10	5	10	5	5
Latvian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	5	5	0
Slavic languages	230	100	125	20	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	95	35	55	10	5	5
Russian	55	25	30	5	0	5
Serbian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	335	175	165	80	30	50
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dutch	135	65	65	15	5	10
Frisian	0	0	5	0	0	5
German	170	85	80	60	25	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	35	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	40	15	20	5	5	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	10	5	0	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	15	5	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	35	15	15	0	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	100	80	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	45	35	5	0	5
Portuguese	45	25	15	5	0	5
Romanian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	40	15	20	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	5	5	0
Chinese languages	40	20	20	5	5	0
Cantonese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0	5	0
Estonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	15	15	0	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	150	65	85	260	120	135
English and French	60	15	40	235	110	125
English and non-official language	80	45	40	10	10	5
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	18,965	9,575	9,395	14,105	7,040	7,065
Single responses	18,785	9,490	9,295	13,790	6,885	6,900
Official languages	18,555	9,375	9,185	13,740	6,855	6,880
English	18,435	9,320	9,120	9,075	4,525	4,550
French	120	55	65	4,665	2,330	2,335
Non-official languages	230	115	115	50	30	20
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	230	115	115	45	25	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	165	85	75	30	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	25	5	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	5	0	0
Russian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	10	5	5
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	15	10	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	5	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	5	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	25	15	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	5	5	5	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	185	85	100	315	155	160
English and French	20	5	10	275	135	140
English and non-official language	160	75	85	25	15	15
French and non-official language	5	5	0	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	18,965	9,570	9,395	14,105	7,045	7,065
None	18,135	9,210	8,930	11,250	5,670	5,580
English	160	75	85	1,580	775	800
French	305	120	185	1,200	560	640
Non-official language	360	160	200	65	30	35
Aboriginal	5	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	355	160	195	60	30	35
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5	5	5	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,535	7,795	7,740	11,985	6,020	5,965
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,980	7,540	7,440	11,535	5,810	5,725
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,120	49,553	33,213	26,490	30,005	23,460
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,990	7,540	7,450	11,535	5,810	5,725
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,529	42,821	30,069	24,846	27,479	22,245
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,095	7,195	6,900	9,175	4,725	4,450
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,858	47,567	30,409	25,033	28,247	21,643
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,030	4,570	5,465	9,505	4,665	4,840
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,993	2,580	4,496	9,852	9,748	9,952
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	11,900	6,295	5,605	7,085	3,775	3,305
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,198	45,254	31,511	25,938	27,955	23,648
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	15,530	7,785	7,750	11,985	6,030	5,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,005	7,565	7,440	11,595	5,845	5,755
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,765	68,478	44,845	35,665	38,323	32,964
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,015	7,575	7,440	11,600	5,845	5,755
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,594	53,553	37,497	30,103	31,862	28,316
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,195	7,280	6,920	9,165	4,700	4,470
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	55,103	66,911	42,675	34,432	37,436	31,274
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,055	4,525	5,535	9,475	4,650	4,825
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,907	6,885	6,926	10,340	10,338	10,341
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	11,900	6,330	5,575	7,080	3,790	3,290
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,636	61,857	42,170	34,413	37,119	31,301
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	15,530	7,785	7,750	11,985	6,025	5,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	5,940	3,455	2,485	2,980	1,605	1,370
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,383	64,721	52,494	42,817	43,247	41,936
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	73,612	83,460	59,900	50,651	53,165	47,707
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	91.7	93.9	88.1	75.8	78.7	72.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.9	77.5	71.0	59.0	62.6	54.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	8.3	6.1	11.9	24.2	21.2	28.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	15,535	7,790	7,740	11,985	6,020	5,970
Without total income	550	250	300	450	205	240
With total income	14,980	7,540	7,440	11,535	5,810	5,720
Percentage with total income	96.4	96.8	96.1	96.2	96.5	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,030	865	1,165	1,705	770	935
$10,000 to $19,999	2,165	895	1,270	2,720	1,235	1,490
$20,000 to $29,999	1,730	725	1,005	1,890	905	990
$30,000 to $39,999	1,550	665	885	1,465	740	725
$40,000 to $49,999	1,360	650	710	1,230	685	555
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	630	570	815	430	385
$60,000 to $69,999	945	540	410	590	355	235
$70,000 to $79,999	810	480	330	385	215	165
$80,000 to $89,999	615	370	240	220	125	95
$90,000 to $99,999	610	335	275	160	95	60
$100,000 and over	1,975	1,395	580	350	260	95
$100,000 to $149,999	1,270	840	430	270	195	70
$150,000 and over	710	555	155	85	65	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	15,535	7,795	7,740	11,985	6,020	5,970
Without after-tax income	540	250	290	455	210	245
With after-tax income	14,990	7,545	7,445	11,535	5,815	5,720
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	96.8	96.2	96.2	96.6	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,130	890	1,240	1,765	785	980
$10,000 to $19,999	2,270	950	1,320	2,815	1,285	1,530
$20,000 to $29,999	2,015	855	1,155	2,255	1,080	1,175
$30,000 to $39,999	1,845	820	1,020	1,850	985	860
$40,000 to $49,999	1,645	835	815	1,220	665	545
$50,000 to $59,999	1,240	725	510	745	435	310
$60,000 to $69,999	990	565	425	430	250	175
$70,000 to $79,999	840	500	345	185	120	65
$80,000 and over	2,020	1,395	625	280	195	80
$80,000 to $89,999	670	420	255	110	75	40
$90,000 to $99,999	355	235	120	50	40	10
$100,000 and over	990	745	250	120	85	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	15,535	7,790	7,735	11,990	6,020	5,965
Without employment income	3,630	1,500	2,135	4,905	2,240	2,665
With employment income	11,905	6,295	5,610	7,080	3,775	3,305
Percentage with employment income	76.6	80.8	72.5	59.0	62.7	55.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,595	845	755	1,255	630	625
$5,000 to $9,999	1,000	455	550	595	280	315
$10,000 to $19,999	1,445	670	775	1,105	580	525
$20,000 to $29,999	1,115	485	635	945	475	475
$30,000 to $39,999	1,095	455	635	860	435	425
$40,000 to $49,999	985	470	520	720	385	335
$50,000 to $59,999	870	480	395	470	270	200
$60,000 to $69,999	635	360	275	355	215	140
$70,000 to $79,999	595	355	235	250	140	110
$80,000 and over	2,570	1,725	845	520	370	155
$80,000 to $89,999	475	275	200	165	100	65
$90,000 to $99,999	540	290	250	115	75	40
$100,000 and over	1,555	1,165	390	240	195	45
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	6,690	...	...	6,200	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,553	...	...	50,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	84,626	...	...	46,033	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	995	...	...	1,890	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,565	...	...	23,051	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,856	...	...	22,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	5,700	...	...	4,310	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	112,710	...	...	66,414	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,683	...	...	59,110	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	6,690	...	...	6,200	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	127,235	...	...	66,677	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	102,258	...	...	56,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	995	...	...	1,895	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,869	...	...	37,312	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,861	...	...	31,263	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	5,705	...	...	4,310	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	140,175	...	...	79,576	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	112,593	...	...	67,267	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	125	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	410	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	140	...	...	425	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	170	...	...	345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185	...	...	420	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	365	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...	310	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	200	...	...	305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	385	...	...	515	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	415	...	...	435	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	430	...	...	395	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	370	...	...	335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	395	...	...	310	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,325	...	...	1,145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	795	...	...	500	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	670	...	...	295	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	905	...	...	225	...	...
$200,000 and over	960	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	125	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	130	...	...	435	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	160	...	...	435	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	185	...	...	395	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	220	...	...	470	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225	...	...	455	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	240	...	...	350	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	225	...	...	325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	490	...	...	610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	530	...	...	535	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	490	...	...	410	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...	380	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	400	...	...	220	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,705	...	...	670	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	880	...	...	385	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	650	...	...	150	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,175	...	...	135	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	5,610	...	...	4,230	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	112,048	...	...	66,432	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	95,221	...	...	58,980	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,125	...	...	2,010	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,491	...	...	56,858	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,232	...	...	51,232	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	2,885	...	...	1,515	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	143,911	...	...	92,309	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,694	...	...	79,011	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	485	...	...	580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,976	...	...	39,859	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,216	...	...	37,760	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	5,615	...	...	4,210	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	139,789	...	...	79,671	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	112,115	...	...	67,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,095	...	...	2,015	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	113,513	...	...	73,722	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,111	...	...	61,147	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	2,905	...	...	1,525	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	168,486	...	...	98,099	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,372	...	...	83,441	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	500	...	...	550	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	79,486	...	...	51,978	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,715	...	...	46,026	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,380	735	650	2,180	1,100	1,085
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	36,315	40,992	31,680	22,362	22,251	22,443
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,448	35,776	29,504	21,624	21,312	21,845
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,380	715	665	2,195	1,115	1,080
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	48,323	50,784	45,656	35,589	32,700	38,561
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,788	41,519	37,913	29,923	27,772	32,137
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	18,950	9,560	9,385	14,025	7,015	7,010
In the bottom half of the distribution	6,240	3,075	3,165	9,280	4,575	4,705
In the bottom decile	925	490	430	1,805	925	880
In the second decile	1,050	480	570	2,205	1,035	1,170
In the third decile	1,235	585	645	1,990	985	1,005
In the fourth decile	1,430	695	735	1,660	795	870
In the fifth decile	1,600	815	780	1,615	835	780
In the top half of the distribution	12,705	6,485	6,225	4,750	2,445	2,310
In the sixth decile	1,800	915	885	1,370	710	660
In the seventh decile	2,080	1,080	1,000	1,290	655	635
In the eighth decile	2,420	1,235	1,180	915	455	455
In the ninth decile	3,045	1,530	1,510	785	420	365
In the top decile	3,365	1,715	1,650	385	200	190
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	18,950	9,560	9,385	14,025	7,015	7,010
0 to 17 years	4,165	2,155	2,010	2,505	1,240	1,270
0 to 5 years	1,095	580	515	810	395	410
18 to 64 years	11,995	5,990	6,000	8,300	4,175	4,125
65 years and over	2,790	1,410	1,375	3,220	1,600	1,620
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,345	680	670	2,980	1,455	1,525
0 to 17 years	295	160	130	550	270	280
0 to 5 years	60	35	30	190	100	90
18 to 64 years	825	420	405	1,640	830	815
65 years and over	230	100	130	785	360	430
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.1	7.1	7.1	21.2	20.7	21.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.4	6.5	22.0	21.8	22.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	6.0	5.8	23.5	25.3	22.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	7.0	6.8	19.8	19.9	19.8
65 years and over (%)	8.2	7.1	9.5	24.4	22.5	26.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	490	265	225	865	460	405
0 to 17 years	95	50	45	130	60	75
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	50	25	30
18 to 64 years	355	195	165	670	365	305
65 years and over	40	20	15	60	35	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.8	2.4	6.2	6.6	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.3	2.2	5.2	4.8	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	6.2	6.3	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.3	2.8	8.1	8.7	7.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.9	2.2	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	18,950	9,565	9,390	14,025	7,015	7,015
Official languages	18,920	9,555	9,365	14,025	7,015	7,010
English	18,920	9,555	9,365	13,195	6,590	6,610
French	1,345	555	785	8,075	3,995	4,080
Non-official languages	1,380	615	760	380	210	170
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	15	15	10
Algonquian languages	0	10	0	15	15	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	10	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	15	15	10
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,370	610	760	365	190	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	35	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	0	10	0	10	0
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,100	485	615	315	170	145
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	120	145	55	35	20
Baltic languages	40	15	25	15	10	10
Latvian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	15	10	10
Slavic languages	225	100	120	45	25	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	95	45	45	20	0	15
Russian	70	40	30	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	15	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	380	175	205	100	60	45
Afrikaans	0	10	0	10	0	0
Danish	35	20	15	10	0	10
Dutch	190	80	110	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	160	85	75	90	50	40
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	0	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	60	20	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	25	10	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	0	20	0	0	0
Urdu	15	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	155	210	155	75	80
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	160	70	85	30	15	15
Portuguese	50	20	30	10	0	0
Romanian	10	10	0	10	0	0
Spanish	155	65	95	120	55	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	10	45	25	10	10
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	25	15	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	90	40	45	10	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	25	25	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	18,950	9,560	9,385	14,025	7,015	7,010
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	18,595	9,385	9,215	13,965	6,970	6,990
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,165	2,170	1,990	2,505	1,225	1,285
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,435	7,215	7,220	11,460	5,750	5,710
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	350	180	175	60	45	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	18,950	9,560	9,390	14,025	7,015	7,010
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	17,210	8,690	8,520	13,685	6,835	6,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,735	875	860	325	170	155
Before 1981	1,085	575	510	195	110	80
1981 to 1990	205	75	130	25	10	10
1991 to 2000	165	115	50	65	20	40
2001 to 2010	225	90	135	40	25	10
2001 to 2005	110	40	65	15	10	0
2006 to 2010	120	50	70	25	20	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	55	20	35	10	10	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	10	0	10	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,735	875	860	330	175	155
Under 5 years	335	195	140	55	35	15
5 to 14 years	490	230	260	70	25	40
15 to 24 years	440	200	235	85	50	40
25 to 44 years	400	210	190	100	55	50
45 years and over	65	40	30	10	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,735	875	860	325	175	155
Americas	220	115	105	95	45	40
Brazil	0	0	0	0	10	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	15	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	10	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	15	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	130	70	65	50	30	15
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	20	15	0	10
Europe	1,230	630	600	200	105	95
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	35	20	15
Germany	105	60	45	30	20	10
Greece	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungary	20	0	15	10	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italy	60	30	25	15	0	0
Netherlands	185	80	105	10	0	10
Poland	50	30	20	10	0	10
Portugal	35	15	20	10	0	0
Romania	35	20	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	15	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	555	295	255	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Europe	115	55	60	20	10	10
Africa	60	30	30	15	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	10	0	0
Asia	200	85	110	20	0	15
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	25	10	20	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	15	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	10	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	10	0	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	60	25	35	10	10	0
Americas	10	0	10	10	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	15	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	10	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	18,950	9,565	9,385	14,030	7,015	7,010
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,820	920	895	360	195	170
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,065	1,345	1,715	525	320	205
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	14,065	7,290	6,775	13,140	6,505	6,635
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	680	325	355	140	65	75
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	400	210	195	25	15	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	150	105	45	15	10	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	250	100	150	15	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	210	85	125	90	35	50
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	75	35	35	20	10	15
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	18,950	9,560	9,390	14,025	7,015	7,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	745	410	345	2,545	1,380	1,170
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	705	375	325	2,410	1,280	1,125
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	320	170	145	455	295	160
Métis	380	195	180	1,940	985	955
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	50	30	15	55	30	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	80	60	20
Non-Aboriginal identity	18,200	9,155	9,045	11,480	5,635	5,840
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	18,950	9,565	9,385	14,025	7,015	7,010
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	140	70	75	390	240	150
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,805	9,495	9,315	13,635	6,775	6,860
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	18,945	9,560	9,390	14,025	7,015	7,010
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	70	35	35	510	245	270
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	70	35	35	495	240	250
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	65	35	30	240	130	105
Métis single ancestry	0	0	10	255	110	145
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,020	535	485	2,270	1,140	1,135
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	970	500	470	2,190	1,090	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	530	285	250	965	495	475
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	440	220	225	1,215	590	620
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	50	35	15	80	50	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	15	75	45	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	17,860	8,990	8,865	11,240	5,630	5,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	18,950	9,560	9,385	14,025	7,015	7,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	495	230	260	90	50	40
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	135	65	75	0	0	0
Chinese	30	20	10	15	10	0
Black	120	60	60	20	20	0
Filipino	20	10	10	10	0	0
Latin American	20	10	10	20	0	20
Arab	55	20	30	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	20	10	15	0	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	55	30	30	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Japanese	15	0	15	10	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	18,455	9,335	9,125	13,935	6,965	6,970
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	18,950	9,560	9,385	14,025	7,015	7,010
North American Aboriginal origins	1,095	565	525	2,785	1,385	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian)	645	350	295	1,305	680	625
Inuit	10	10	0	20	10	10
Métis	490	245	245	1,565	755	815
Other North American origins	7,190	3,570	3,625	8,370	4,250	4,125
Acadian	30	20	10	40	20	20
American	185	100	80	45	30	10
Canadian	7,060	3,490	3,570	8,270	4,190	4,085
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	10	10	0	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	35	15	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	15,280	7,645	7,635	8,430	4,205	4,225
British Isles origins	11,955	6,010	5,950	5,675	2,765	2,910
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	7,210	3,495	3,715	2,245	1,060	1,180
Irish	5,035	2,490	2,545	3,560	1,760	1,805
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	5,355	2,730	2,620	1,970	925	1,040
Welsh	470	215	250	65	35	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	700	395	305	125	50	70
French origins	2,420	1,150	1,275	4,370	2,165	2,205
Alsatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	2,410	1,140	1,265	4,365	2,165	2,200
Western European origins (except French origins)	3,785	1,915	1,875	1,365	635	730
Austrian	145	80	65	10	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	60	20	40	20	15	0
Dutch	1,515	670	840	160	45	120
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,250	1,175	1,075	1,155	560	595
Luxembourger	0	10	0	10	0	0
Swiss	65	40	30	45	20	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	735	330	410	85	50	35
Danish	230	110	120	15	10	10
Finnish	180	90	85	45	30	10
Icelandic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	200	80	120	10	0	0
Swedish	160	90	70	15	0	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	10	35	10	0	10
Eastern European origins	1,795	935	860	755	355	400
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	65	40	25	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Estonian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	200	110	90	10	0	10
Latvian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	75	30	45	10	10	10
Moldovan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	595	305	295	635	295	340
Romanian	60	25	40	0	0	0
Russian	170	65	100	40	15	15
Slovak	85	55	35	0	0	0
Ukrainian	770	455	310	70	35	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,620	895	725	185	80	105
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	115	75	35	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	85	60	25	0	0	0
Italian	1,045	620	425	100	35	65
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	20	0	15	10	0
Maltese	65	25	40	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	165	75	90	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	10	15	10	10
Sicilian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Slovenian	30	10	20	0	10	0
Spanish	140	65	75	40	10	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	115	55	60	35	10	25
Basque	0	0	0	20	10	10
Jewish	65	30	35	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	50	20	30	15	10	10
Caribbean origins	120	60	60	20	10	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	70	35	30	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	90	45	50	30	10	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Chilean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	10	10	10	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	170	65	105	45	30	10
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	10	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	25	15	15	10	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	70	25	45	0	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10	0	0	0
South African	50	20	30	0	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	70	25	45	30	25	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	10	15	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	45	10	30	30	20	0
Asian origins	395	185	215	85	55	30
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	140	75	65	30	20	10
Afghan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	10	10	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	50	30	15	0	0	0
Iraqi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	10	10	25	15	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	150	60	90	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	95	45	50	10	10	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	10	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	100	45	60	50	30	25
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese	25	20	10	30	15	10
Filipino	25	10	10	10	10	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	10	0	10	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	40	10	30	15	10	0
Australian	30	10	20	15	10	0
New Zealander	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
Owner	6,045	...	...	4,880	...	...
Renter	650	...	...	1,325	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
Condominium	45	...	...	55	...	...
Not condominium	6,650	...	...	6,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	6,695	...	...	6,205	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	190	...	...	475	...	...
2 bedrooms	765	...	...	1,560	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,565	...	...	2,625	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,180	...	...	1,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	390	...	...	1,230	...	...
5 rooms	660	...	...	1,155	...	...
6 rooms	770	...	...	1,190	...	...
7 rooms	1,100	...	...	865	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,770	...	...	1,765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	6,690	...	...	6,205	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,680	...	...	6,190	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	6,695	...	...	6,205	...	...
Suitable	6,575	...	...	6,055	...	...
Not suitable	120	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	6,690	...	...	6,205	...	...
1960 or before	1,215	...	...	2,110	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,705	...	...	2,120	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,280	...	...	745	...	...
1991 to 2000	975	...	...	605	...	...
2001 to 2005	620	...	...	205	...	...
2006 to 2010	515	...	...	230	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	380	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	6,690	...	...	6,205	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	6,360	...	...	5,460	...	...
Major repairs needed	330	...	...	745	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
1 household maintainer	3,230	...	...	3,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,370	...	...	2,165	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	90	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	6,695	...	...	6,200	...	...
15 to 24 years	30	...	...	110	...	...
25 to 34 years	535	...	...	575	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,230	...	...	725	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,650	...	...	1,100	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,620	...	...	1,460	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,005	...	...	1,360	...	...
75 to 84 years	500	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	6,495	...	...	6,015	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,315	...	...	5,050	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,180	...	...	960	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,035	...	...	830	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,855	...	...	4,695	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.6	...	...	42.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.9	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,431	...	...	547	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,598	...	...	737	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,188	...	...	150,281	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	527,615	...	...	182,892	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	640	...	...	1,320	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	7.0	...	...	17.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.7	...	...	30.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	535	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,102	...	...	610	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	15,535	7,780	7,745	11,985	6,025	5,960
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,300	1,280	1,025	3,940	2,285	1,660
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,435	2,170	2,265	2,870	1,380	1,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,800	4,335	4,460	5,170	2,365	2,805
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,190	960	230	1,820	1,135	680
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	475	350	125	1,150	630	515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	715	605	105	670	500	165
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,245	1,860	2,390	2,195	805	1,395
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	255	150	100	250	75	175
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,110	1,365	1,740	905	350	555
Bachelor's degree	2,130	890	1,240	665	220	450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	110	175	60	20	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	140	80	35	30	10
Master's degree	455	205	250	125	70	55
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	30	20	0	15	15	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	10,340	5,050	5,290	7,325	3,610	3,715
No certificate, diploma or degree	750	455	285	1,840	1,150	690
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,625	1,310	1,310	1,740	830	910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,975	3,280	3,690	3,745	1,630	2,110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	890	715	170	1,365	830	530
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	310	230	80	865	455	410
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	580	490	95	495	375	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,385	1,425	1,960	1,645	590	1,060
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	190	120	70	145	45	100
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,515	1,030	1,490	590	170	415
Bachelor's degree	1,705	670	1,040	465	115	350
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	215	65	150	40	10	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	115	80	15	0	10
Master's degree	375	155	225	65	30	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	20	0	10	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	15,535	7,785	7,745	11,985	6,030	5,960
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,735	3,450	3,290	6,815	3,660	3,155
Education	675	195	480	455	130	320
13. Education	675	195	480	450	130	325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	345	100	245	105	55	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	15	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	295	60	235	95	45	45
Humanities	330	115	215	145	65	85
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	100	20	80	25	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	50	55	15	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	20	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	10	15	30	20	10
54. History	90	40	45	15	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	15	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	965	270	690	390	85	310
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	35	20	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	0	145	150	10	145
22. Legal professions and studies	200	55	150	45	20	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	175	35	140	70	15	55
45. Social sciences	345	155	195	100	40	55
Business, management and public administration	1,515	525	985	1,120	210	910
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10	0	0	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	10	95	105	30	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,400	515	885	1,010	180	830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	280	175	105	100	60	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	75	70	25	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	50	15	30	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	40	35	10	40	30	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	0	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	175	115	65	100	70	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	100	45	85	70	20
25. Library science	10	0	10	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,880	1,785	95	1,085	1,055	35
04. Architecture and related services	45	30	10	10	10	0
14. Engineering	200	170	35	40	35	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	435	405	25	185	170	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	450	430	20	285	280	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	510	505	10	325	320	10
48. Precision production	240	240	0	240	230	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	215	85	265	195	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205	155	50	125	90	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	65	30	140	110	35
Health and related fields	1,605	395	1,215	900	140	760
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	195	105	90	30	10	25
51. Health professions and related programs	1,345	245	1,105	860	130	730
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	65	45	20	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	735	450	285	510	310	205
12. Personal and culinary services	245	50	195	265	90	180
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	340	260	80	115	95	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	135	10	125	120	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	10,345	5,050	5,285	7,325	3,610	3,715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	3,365	1,770	1,600	3,580	1,980	1,600
Education	495	125	370	205	70	140
13. Education	495	130	370	205	65	135
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	275	75	205	85	50	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	15	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	225	40	185	80	40	40
Humanities	245	95	145	80	30	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	35	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	30	45	25	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	10	20	10	10	0
54. History	70	35	35	10	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	830	215	615	290	45	240
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	25	35	15	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130	10	125	120	10	115
22. Legal professions and studies	185	45	145	30	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	15	0	0	0
42. Psychology	145	30	120	55	10	55
45. Social sciences	285	115	170	65	30	35
Business, management and public administration	1,165	360	805	885	130	760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	10	85	75	15	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,080	355	720	805	115	690
Physical and life sciences and technologies	205	120	85	70	40	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	55	60	20	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	20	25	15	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	30	10	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	10	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	105	50	85	65	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	95	40	70	60	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	10	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,455	1,365	90	790	775	20
04. Architecture and related services	40	30	10	10	10	0
14. Engineering	140	110	30	20	15	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	345	325	20	135	125	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	360	335	20	235	240	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	405	395	10	265	255	10
48. Precision production	165	165	0	125	120	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	160	70	205	135	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	150	115	40	95	65	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	50	30	105	70	35
Health and related fields	1,325	310	1,015	680	90	590
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	160	85	75	25	0	25
51. Health professions and related programs	1,100	180	920	650	90	555
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	45	20	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	595	350	250	380	215	165
12. Personal and culinary services	180	25	160	215	75	145
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	300	220	85	90	65	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	105	0	70	65	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	15,535	7,785	7,745	11,990	6,025	5,960
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,730	3,450	3,285	6,815	3,660	3,150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	8,795	4,340	4,465	5,175	2,365	2,805
Location of study inside Canada	8,210	4,025	4,185	5,025	2,285	2,735
Same as province or territory of residence	7,800	3,835	3,965	2,740	1,215	1,530
Different than province or territory of residence	410	190	215	2,280	1,075	1,205
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	590	310	280	150	75	70
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	195	110	85	55	45	10
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	140	80	60	30	10	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	10	10	10
Other	245	115	125	55	25	35
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	10,340	5,055	5,290	7,325	3,610	3,715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,370	1,770	1,600	3,580	1,980	1,600
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,975	3,285	3,690	3,745	1,630	2,115
Location of study inside Canada	6,525	3,045	3,475	3,655	1,590	2,065
Same as province or territory of residence	6,175	2,895	3,290	2,080	880	1,195
Different than province or territory of residence	345	155	190	1,575	710	865
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	450	240	215	90	45	50
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	160	85	80	35	25	0
Philippines	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	100	60	40	15	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	15	0	0
Other	175	90	85	30	0	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	15,535	7,785	7,750	11,985	6,025	5,960
In the labour force	10,970	5,885	5,080	6,295	3,395	2,900
Employed	10,335	5,575	4,755	5,630	2,935	2,700
Unemployed	635	305	325	660	465	200
Not in the labour force	4,560	1,895	2,670	5,690	2,630	3,060
Participation rate	70.6	75.6	65.5	52.5	56.3	48.7
Employment rate	66.5	71.6	61.4	47.0	48.7	45.3
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.2	6.4	10.5	13.7	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	15,535	7,785	7,750	11,990	6,025	5,960
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	4,130	1,690	2,430	5,300	2,455	2,835
Worked	11,405	6,090	5,315	6,690	3,570	3,120
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	6,115	3,575	2,540	3,110	1,685	1,425
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,295	2,515	2,780	3,580	1,885	1,695
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.7	44.0	43.3	41.3	40.5	42.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	10,965	5,885	5,085	6,295	3,395	2,905
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	165	55	110	185	95	85
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	10,805	5,830	4,980	6,110	3,300	2,815
Employee	9,090	4,645	4,435	5,205	2,645	2,550
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,720	1,185	535	910	655	260
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	10,970	5,885	5,085	6,295	3,395	2,900
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	160	55	105	180	95	90
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	10,810	5,830	4,980	6,110	3,300	2,810
0 Management occupations	1,585	1,075	515	665	460	200
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,595	425	1,175	855	140	710
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	540	440	100	160	105	55
3 Health occupations	960	215	745	475	90	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,435	590	840	715	175	540
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	260	115	150	85	25	60
6 Sales and service occupations	1,970	800	1,170	1,305	530	775
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,755	1,615	145	1,360	1,310	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	270	210	65	265	250	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	425	355	75	235	215	20
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	10,970	5,885	5,085	6,295	3,395	2,900
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	160	55	110	185	95	90
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	10,810	5,830	4,975	6,110	3,300	2,810
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	345	255	90	405	315	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	15	0	85	80	0
22 Utilities	160	110	50	65	55	10
23 Construction	990	890	100	820	780	40
31-33 Manufacturing	995	740	255	345	275	70
41 Wholesale trade	505	345	160	105	85	25
44-45 Retail trade	1,080	500	575	700	330	370
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	435	275	160	230	185	50
51 Information and cultural industries	170	110	60	70	35	30
52 Finance and insurance	310	140	170	170	30	135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	225	120	100	75	45	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	670	365	305	200	120	80
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	430	260	170	275	195	80
61 Educational services	1,025	280	740	375	105	270
62 Health care and social assistance	1,285	300	985	985	145	845
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	280	130	155	110	65	45
72 Accommodation and food services	560	230	330	255	70	190
81 Other services (except public administration)	485	265	230	285	120	165
91 Public administration	840	510	330	555	270	285
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	10,330	5,575	4,755	5,635	2,935	2,700
Worked at home	1,005	550	450	610	360	255
Worked outside Canada	50	35	15	15	10	10
No fixed workplace address	1,250	985	270	800	675	125
Worked at usual place	8,025	4,010	4,020	4,210	1,890	2,320
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	8,025	4,010	4,020	4,205	1,890	2,320
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,205	595	610	860	370	490
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,710	2,655	3,055	1,455	515	940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,095	745	350	430	240	185
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	0	1,460	760	705
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	9,280	4,990	4,290	5,010	2,560	2,445
Car, truck, van - as a driver	8,225	4,460	3,760	4,425	2,285	2,140
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	520	245	280	260	130	130
Public transit	120	70	50	45	25	15
Walked	265	140	130	205	75	135
Bicycle	10	10	10	10	10	0
Other method	130	70	60	65	40	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	9,280	4,990	4,290	5,010	2,565	2,445
Less than 15 minutes	2,060	1,005	1,055	1,655	720	935
15 to 29 minutes	3,550	1,590	1,960	1,115	550	570
30 to 44 minutes	1,720	995	725	795	355	435
45 to 59 minutes	735	515	225	335	220	115
60 minutes and over	1,210	885	325	1,095	715	385
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	9,280	4,990	4,290	5,010	2,565	2,445
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	815	660	155	635	445	190
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,515	1,040	475	1,090	660	430
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,845	1,535	1,315	1,500	720	780
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,870	730	1,140	795	255	540
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	915	325	590	305	85	220
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,315	705	615	690	405	280
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	11,700	6,250	5,445	6,900	3,675	3,220
Single responses	11,660	6,245	5,420	6,280	3,415	2,865
Official languages	11,650	6,240	5,405	6,280	3,415	2,865
English	11,600	6,230	5,370	4,540	2,555	1,980
French	45	10	40	1,740	860	885
Non-official languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	10	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	0	30	620	260	355
English and French	40	10	35	620	265	360
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	11,700	6,250	5,445	6,900	3,675	3,225
None	11,440	6,125	5,315	4,535	2,500	2,035
English	30	10	25	1,125	535	590
French	160	80	80	1,200	620	585
Non-official language	60	35	20	30	20	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	60	40	20	30	20	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	18,845	9,485	9,355	13,865	6,950	6,915
Non-movers	16,995	8,540	8,450	12,740	6,390	6,350
Movers	1,855	945	910	1,130	560	570
Non-migrants	515	255	265	500	255	250
Migrants	1,340	695	645	625	305	315
Internal migrants	1,315	680	640	620	300	320
Intraprovincial migrants	1,285	655	625	375	175	200
Interprovincial migrants	35	20	15	245	125	120
External migrants	20	15	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	18,095	9,130	8,965	13,370	6,735	6,645
Non-movers	12,420	6,250	6,165	10,155	5,120	5,035
Movers	5,680	2,880	2,800	3,215	1,605	1,605
Non-migrants	1,935	1,000	935	1,375	645	730
Migrants	3,745	1,880	1,870	1,845	965	875
Internal migrants	3,660	1,830	1,830	1,825	955	875
Intraprovincial migrants	3,550	1,780	1,770	1,165	580	590
Interprovincial migrants	115	50	60	660	375	290
External migrants	80	50	40	20	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Springwater, TP [Census subdivision], Ontario and Pontiac, MRC [Census division], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 12, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Springwater, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Pontiac, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Springwater, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Pontiac, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Springwater, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Pontiac, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec