Census Profile, 2016 Census
Essa, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Essa, TP Ontario [Census subdivision]			Boisbriand, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Essa, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Essa, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	21,083	...	...	26,884	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	18,505	...	...	26,816	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.9	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	7,478	...	...	10,537	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	7,179	...	...	10,288	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	75.3	...	...	966.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	280.03	...	...	27.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	21,080	10,975	10,110	26,885	13,395	13,490
0 to 14 years	3,975	2,005	1,970	5,185	2,630	2,555
0 to 4 years	1,360	665	690	1,735	855	875
5 to 9 years	1,330	705	630	1,770	900	870
10 to 14 years	1,285	635	650	1,680	875	800
15 to 64 years	14,895	7,890	7,005	18,705	9,375	9,330
15 to 19 years	1,455	775	685	1,985	1,065	925
20 to 24 years	1,680	1,055	625	2,265	1,170	1,095
25 to 29 years	1,475	800	675	1,635	870	765
30 to 34 years	1,520	780	740	1,495	760	735
35 to 39 years	1,440	765	680	1,585	785	795
40 to 44 years	1,380	690	695	1,610	770	835
45 to 49 years	1,535	790	745	1,925	925	995
50 to 54 years	1,825	930	895	2,505	1,200	1,300
55 to 59 years	1,470	735	740	2,210	1,105	1,105
60 to 64 years	1,110	580	525	1,495	725	765
65 years and over	2,210	1,080	1,135	2,990	1,385	1,605
65 to 69 years	915	460	455	1,130	535	590
70 to 74 years	590	300	295	855	390	465
75 to 79 years	320	155	160	545	260	290
80 to 84 years	205	90	115	285	130	150
85 years and over	180	80	105	185	75	110
85 to 89 years	140	65	75	130	60	70
90 to 94 years	35	15	20	45	10	30
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	10	0	10
100 years and over	0	0	5	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.9	18.3	19.5	19.3	19.6	18.9
15 to 64 years	70.7	71.9	69.3	69.6	70.0	69.2
65 years and over	10.5	9.8	11.2	11.1	10.3	11.9
85 years and over	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.8
Average age of the population	37.0	36.5	37.5	37.5	36.8	38.2
Median age of the population	36.5	35.5	37.6	37.7	36.2	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
Single-detached house	5,535	...	...	5,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,450	...	...	5,050	...	...
Semi-detached house	630	...	...	615	...	...
Row house	420	...	...	725	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	155	...	...	130	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	230	...	...	3,575	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	130	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	7,180	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 person	1,245	...	...	2,485	...	...
2 persons	2,390	...	...	3,445	...	...
3 persons	1,305	...	...	1,805	...	...
4 persons	1,405	...	...	1,645	...	...
5 or more persons	830	...	...	900	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,120	...	...	26,830	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	17,110	8,975	8,135	21,700	10,760	10,940
Married or living common law	10,445	5,225	5,220	12,380	6,170	6,210
Married	8,385	4,205	4,180	7,230	3,615	3,615
Living common law	2,060	1,020	1,045	5,155	2,560	2,595
Not married and not living common law	6,665	3,750	2,920	9,320	4,590	4,730
Never married	4,730	2,940	1,795	6,860	3,740	3,120
Separated	520	270	255	315	150	165
Divorced	805	375	430	1,425	520	905
Widowed	610	160	445	720	180	540
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,985	...	...	7,605	...	...
2 persons	2,660	...	...	3,450	...	...
3 persons	1,380	...	...	1,780	...	...
4 persons	1,385	...	...	1,605	...	...
5 or more persons	560	...	...	770	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,985	...	...	7,600	...	...
Total couple families	5,135	...	...	6,150	...	...
Married couples	4,110	...	...	3,575	...	...
Common-law couples	1,030	...	...	2,575	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	850	...	...	1,450	...	...
Female parent	610	...	...	1,055	...	...
Male parent	235	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	5,135	...	...	6,150	...	...
Couples without children	2,170	...	...	2,565	...	...
Couples with children	2,970	...	...	3,585	...	...
1 child	1,115	...	...	1,315	...	...
2 children	1,310	...	...	1,520	...	...
3 or more children	540	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	850	...	...	1,455	...	...
1 child	490	...	...	885	...	...
2 children	265	...	...	460	...	...
3 or more children	95	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,140	1,195	945	3,505	1,760	1,750
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	7,175	...	...	10,290	...	...
One-census-family households	5,525	...	...	7,415	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,985	...	...	2,495	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	3,540	...	...	4,915	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	225	...	...	90	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,430	...	...	2,780	...	...
One-person households	1,250	...	...	2,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	175	...	...	295	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	21,055	10,950	10,105	26,855	13,380	13,475
English only	18,585	9,620	8,970	1,815	990	830
French only	175	90	90	10,860	4,890	5,965
English and French	2,250	1,220	1,025	13,585	7,180	6,405
Neither English nor French	45	30	20	600	320	280
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	21,055	10,950	10,105	26,855	13,380	13,475
English	19,630	10,155	9,470	2,880	1,550	1,330
French	1,310	740	575	22,765	11,245	11,525
English and French	70	25	40	620	275	345
Neither English nor French	45	25	20	595	315	280
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,345	755	590	3,190	1,685	1,500
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	6.4	6.9	5.8	11.9	12.6	11.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	21,055	10,950	10,105	26,860	13,380	13,480
Single responses	20,785	10,810	9,980	26,265	13,105	13,165
Official languages	19,405	10,135	9,265	22,320	11,100	11,220
English	18,050	9,370	8,685	1,035	560	480
French	1,355	770	585	21,285	10,545	10,740
Non-official languages	1,385	675	710	3,945	2,000	1,945
Aboriginal languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,380	675	705	3,945	2,000	1,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	365	190	175
Berber languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	335	175	160
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	280	145	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	55	25	30
Maltese	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	100	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	90	45	45
Vietnamese	5	5	5	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	5	0	5
Bikol	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	5	25	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	70	30	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,125	555	570	3,095	1,595	1,500
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Balto-Slavic languages	330	160	175	90	45	50
Baltic languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	310	145	170	90	40	45
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	25	10	10
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	20	5	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Polish	165	80	85	25	15	10
Russian	40	20	20	30	5	20
Serbian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	265	120	145	2,005	1,035	970
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	100	55	45	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	60	95	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,975	1,025	950
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Greek	20	5	15	95	60	40
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	35	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	30	5	5	5
Bengali	5	5	0	0	0	5
Gujarati	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	5	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	50	30	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	20	10	10	30	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	230	205	800	400	400
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	140	85	55	180	105	75
Portuguese	145	75	70	145	70	80
Romanian	20	5	10	75	35	40
Spanish	125	60	65	395	185	205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	15	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	30	15	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	25	25	15	15
Chinese languages	40	15	25	25	15	20
Cantonese	10	5	10	0	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	10	20	5	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	210	95	115
Lao	5	0	0	200	95	110
Thai	5	0	5	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	25	5	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	5	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	80	35	45	10	10	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	15	20	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	265	140	130	590	280	315
English and French	105	60	45	260	120	140
English and non-official language	155	75	80	125	55	70
French and non-official language	0	5	5	180	85	90
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	30	15	20
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	21,055	10,950	10,105	26,855	13,380	13,480
Single responses	20,685	10,770	9,915	25,985	12,965	13,020
Official languages	20,265	10,560	9,700	23,175	11,530	11,650
English	19,365	10,060	9,305	1,225	645	575
French	900	505	395	21,950	10,880	11,070
Non-official languages	425	205	215	2,810	1,430	1,375
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	425	205	210	2,810	1,435	1,375
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	165	85	80
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	155	80	75
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	100	55	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	60	25	30
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	5	5	45	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Vietnamese	0	5	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	340	170	170	2,400	1,240	1,165
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Balto-Slavic languages	115	55	55	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	115	55	55	50	25	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Croatian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	60	35	25	15	5	5
Russian	20	5	15	20	5	10
Serbian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	1,935	1,010	930
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,940	1,005	925
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	5	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	30	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	70	65	320	150	170
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	5	20	10	10
Portuguese	45	20	25	30	10	15
Romanian	5	5	5	60	30	30
Spanish	65	35	30	215	100	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	20	5	10
Chinese languages	20	10	5	20	10	10
Cantonese	5	0	5	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
Lao	0	0	0	135	65	70
Thai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	365	180	185	870	420	455
English and French	115	60	50	290	140	150
English and non-official language	250	115	130	160	75	80
French and non-official language	0	0	0	365	170	190
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	35	30
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	21,055	10,950	10,105	26,855	13,385	13,480
None	19,475	10,150	9,325	23,055	11,435	11,615
English	540	275	265	2,110	1,100	1,005
French	490	260	230	715	350	365
Non-official language	545	260	290	770	375	395
Aboriginal	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	545	255	285	770	375	390
English and French	0	0	0	55	30	25
English and non-official language	0	0	0	125	65	60
French and non-official language	5	5	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	16,190	8,170	8,015	21,640	10,745	10,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	15,480	7,850	7,635	20,625	10,210	10,410
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,274	50,651	29,301	36,584	41,788	31,896
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	15,490	7,850	7,640	20,635	10,215	10,420
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,954	43,840	26,948	32,100	35,999	28,542
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,220	7,405	6,815	18,995	9,630	9,365
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,988	50,112	27,508	32,603	39,185	26,464
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,155	4,500	5,655	14,925	6,740	8,180
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,121	1,900	5,109	4,950	3,552	6,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	12,575	6,715	5,860	16,580	8,600	7,980
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,159	50,554	29,675	32,999	38,458	27,951
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,645	10,745	10,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,425	7,800	7,630	20,605	10,145	10,460
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,121	55,874	36,152	44,434	50,807	38,251
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,425	7,795	7,630	20,620	10,145	10,475
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,654	45,882	31,266	36,347	40,603	32,224
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,145	7,345	6,800	19,105	9,650	9,455
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,241	55,523	34,135	41,716	48,857	34,429
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,165	4,510	5,650	14,990	6,795	8,200
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,018	6,146	7,713	7,909	6,489	9,087
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	12,570	6,700	5,870	16,580	8,580	7,995
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,143	54,413	34,572	41,047	46,216	35,501
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,645	10,740	10,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	6,960	4,260	2,705	7,365	4,090	3,270
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,311	61,306	44,791	50,626	57,245	43,454
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,699	65,709	50,229	58,194	64,602	50,180
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.1	93.3	85.0	87.0	91.6	81.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	79.8	83.1	74.5	74.6	77.5	70.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.9	6.6	15.1	12.9	8.5	18.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,645	10,745	10,900
Without total income	705	320	380	1,020	530	490
With total income	15,480	7,850	7,635	20,625	10,215	10,415
Percentage with total income	95.6	96.1	95.3	95.3	95.1	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990	755	1,230	2,460	1,105	1,355
$10,000 to $19,999	2,320	840	1,480	3,400	1,340	2,060
$20,000 to $29,999	1,925	745	1,180	2,715	1,200	1,515
$30,000 to $39,999	1,650	725	925	2,660	1,240	1,425
$40,000 to $49,999	1,680	815	865	2,370	1,150	1,225
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	795	545	1,845	910	935
$60,000 to $69,999	1,350	865	485	1,360	765	595
$70,000 to $79,999	990	720	275	1,115	620	495
$80,000 to $89,999	665	450	220	850	525	325
$90,000 to $99,999	505	325	185	505	355	155
$100,000 and over	1,065	820	250	1,345	1,005	340
$100,000 to $149,999	800	600	200	970	715	255
$150,000 and over	270	220	45	375	290	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,645	10,745	10,900
Without after-tax income	695	325	375	1,010	530	480
With after-tax income	15,490	7,850	7,640	20,635	10,215	10,425
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	96.1	95.3	95.3	95.1	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,040	770	1,270	2,575	1,125	1,455
$10,000 to $19,999	2,460	900	1,565	3,550	1,420	2,130
$20,000 to $29,999	2,265	900	1,365	3,440	1,570	1,865
$30,000 to $39,999	2,110	985	1,130	3,420	1,650	1,765
$40,000 to $49,999	1,875	1,045	825	2,670	1,370	1,300
$50,000 to $59,999	1,775	1,160	620	1,855	1,010	840
$60,000 to $69,999	1,185	825	360	1,320	780	540
$70,000 to $79,999	715	480	235	705	460	245
$80,000 and over	1,055	795	260	1,100	825	275
$80,000 to $89,999	435	300	135	370	265	105
$90,000 to $99,999	210	160	50	245	190	55
$100,000 and over	410	335	75	490	375	115
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	16,190	8,170	8,015	21,640	10,745	10,900
Without employment income	3,615	1,455	2,160	5,065	2,145	2,925
With employment income	12,570	6,715	5,855	16,580	8,600	7,980
Percentage with employment income	77.6	82.2	73.1	76.6	80.0	73.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,355	605	750	1,915	1,050	860
$5,000 to $9,999	885	360	525	1,375	585	785
$10,000 to $19,999	1,575	610	960	2,545	1,120	1,420
$20,000 to $29,999	1,235	515	720	1,910	820	1,090
$30,000 to $39,999	1,350	595	755	1,835	850	985
$40,000 to $49,999	1,260	635	625	1,575	770	810
$50,000 to $59,999	1,105	675	435	1,305	690	610
$60,000 to $69,999	1,100	735	365	1,035	625	410
$70,000 to $79,999	840	630	215	970	540	430
$80,000 and over	1,865	1,355	510	2,120	1,550	565
$80,000 to $89,999	545	380	165	640	430	210
$90,000 to $99,999	460	290	170	435	315	115
$100,000 and over	855	680	175	1,045	810	240
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	7,175	...	...	10,290	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,243	...	...	74,762	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,377	...	...	63,817	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,245	...	...	2,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,168	...	...	39,189	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,120	...	...	33,376	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	5,930	...	...	7,805	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,863	...	...	89,662	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,816	...	...	75,989	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,096	...	...	88,989	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	83,051	...	...	72,851	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,245	...	...	2,485	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	51,598	...	...	43,648	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,885	...	...	35,915	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	5,935	...	...	7,800	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	109,054	...	...	103,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,472	...	...	84,629	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	7,180	...	...	10,285	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	65	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	130	...	...	290	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...	355	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	160	...	...	330	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...	375	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	215	...	...	465	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	200	...	...	465	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	235	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	530	...	...	955	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	585	...	...	805	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	610	...	...	755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	575	...	...	670	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	490	...	...	590	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,950	...	...	3,495	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,035	...	...	1,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	710	...	...	800	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	755	...	...	895	...	...
$200,000 and over	455	...	...	545	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	150	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	140	...	...	295	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	210	...	...	430	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	165	...	...	430	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	195	...	...	505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	250	...	...	570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	270	...	...	595	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	320	...	...	575	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	735	...	...	1,060	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	730	...	...	980	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	740	...	...	855	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	585	...	...	730	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	535	...	...	620	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,135	...	...	2,345	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	965	...	...	1,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	555	...	...	605	...	...
$150,000 and over	615	...	...	595	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	5,810	...	...	7,605	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,729	...	...	89,799	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,679	...	...	76,067	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,940	...	...	2,450	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,504	...	...	76,197	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,728	...	...	64,185	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,010	...	...	3,600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,873	...	...	116,775	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,035	...	...	97,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	740	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,840	...	...	60,896	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,800	...	...	53,152	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	5,795	...	...	7,600	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,412	...	...	103,588	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,876	...	...	84,682	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,935	...	...	2,440	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,621	...	...	88,582	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,272	...	...	71,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,040	...	...	3,640	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,553	...	...	126,567	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,296	...	...	103,287	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	720	...	...	1,405	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	71,522	...	...	72,193	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,129	...	...	60,084	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,760	1,020	735	3,060	1,560	1,500
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,432	49,579	33,088	36,791	40,256	32,491
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,504	43,008	30,272	31,776	34,409	28,966
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,755	1,040	715	3,055	1,455	1,595
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,645	50,947	42,841	42,027	44,704	39,590
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,874	42,102	36,632	34,706	36,134	33,406
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	20,120	10,155	9,965	26,830	13,380	13,455
In the bottom half of the distribution	8,610	4,170	4,440	13,755	6,665	7,095
In the bottom decile	1,005	510	495	1,335	645	690
In the second decile	1,205	565	640	2,385	1,080	1,300
In the third decile	1,730	800	930	3,750	1,805	1,950
In the fourth decile	2,255	1,100	1,155	3,235	1,620	1,620
In the fifth decile	2,415	1,190	1,220	3,050	1,510	1,540
In the top half of the distribution	11,515	5,980	5,535	13,075	6,715	6,360
In the sixth decile	2,365	1,205	1,160	2,920	1,495	1,425
In the seventh decile	2,405	1,265	1,140	2,960	1,485	1,470
In the eighth decile	2,620	1,350	1,265	2,965	1,550	1,415
In the ninth decile	2,430	1,275	1,150	2,445	1,250	1,195
In the top decile	1,700	890	815	1,790	935	855
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	20,125	10,155	9,965	26,830	13,380	13,455
0 to 17 years	4,755	2,415	2,340	6,315	3,255	3,055
0 to 5 years	1,610	815	800	2,105	1,060	1,040
18 to 64 years	13,165	6,670	6,495	17,570	8,750	8,825
65 years and over	2,205	1,075	1,130	2,950	1,375	1,570
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,480	720	755	2,385	1,095	1,290
0 to 17 years	415	220	200	615	325	290
0 to 5 years	155	80	75	250	125	125
18 to 64 years	830	400	430	1,400	650	750
65 years and over	235	105	130	365	115	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	7.1	7.6	8.9	8.2	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	9.1	8.5	9.7	10.0	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.8	9.4	11.9	11.8	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.0	6.6	8.0	7.4	8.5
65 years and over (%)	10.7	9.8	11.5	12.4	8.4	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	560	290	270	1,670	785	880
0 to 17 years	150	70	80	375	200	180
0 to 5 years	45	25	25	140	75	65
18 to 64 years	380	210	175	1,075	525	550
65 years and over	25	15	10	220	65	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7	6.2	5.9	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	2.9	3.4	5.9	6.1	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.1	3.1	6.7	7.1	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7	6.1	6.0	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.4	0.9	7.5	4.7	9.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	20,125	10,155	9,970	26,830	13,375	13,455
Official languages	20,095	10,140	9,955	26,280	13,110	13,170
English	19,920	10,075	9,845	15,420	8,125	7,295
French	2,190	1,090	1,105	24,420	12,050	12,370
Non-official languages	1,900	930	970	5,610	2,755	2,855
Aboriginal languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,890	925	965	5,610	2,760	2,855
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	670	340	330
Berber languages	0	0	0	30	0	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	35	35	650	335	315
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	10	15	495	230	265
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	20	15	150	105	45
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	160	85	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	140	70	65
Vietnamese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	0	40	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	0	40	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0	190	55	135
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	195	55	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,515	745	765	4,325	2,195	2,135
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	80	30	50
Balto-Slavic languages	340	145	195	65	25	35
Baltic languages	20	0	15	0	10	0
Latvian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	320	135	180	55	20	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	10
Czech	40	15	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Polish	120	60	65	0	0	10
Russian	55	20	30	40	15	25
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	370	180	195	2,320	1,240	1,080
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	110	40	70	0	0	0
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	260	130	125	70	50	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	2,240	1,185	1,050
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	0	195	115	80
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30	75	50	25
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	30	30	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	10	0	0	10
Hindi	40	20	20	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	55	45	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	10	0	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	45	30	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	740	375	365	1,655	755	900
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	240	130	105	360	195	155
Portuguese	205	110	95	165	75	85
Romanian	45	20	30	95	45	55
Spanish	280	135	155	1,115	490	630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	75	40	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Shona	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	25	55	20	35
Chinese languages	45	25	25	55	20	35
Cantonese	10	10	0	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	50	20	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	10	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	260	130	135
Lao	0	0	0	245	125	120
Thai	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	70	65	15	10	0
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	70	30	35	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	35	20	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	20,125	10,155	9,970	26,830	13,375	13,455
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	19,735	10,005	9,730	26,325	13,100	13,220
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,830	2,445	2,380	6,280	3,285	2,995
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,910	7,560	7,355	20,045	9,820	10,230
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	385	150	235	505	275	230
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	20,125	10,155	9,965	26,830	13,375	13,455
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	18,205	9,335	8,870	24,495	12,220	12,275
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,855	790	1,065	2,245	1,100	1,140
Before 1981	925	430	495	615	295	315
1981 to 1990	260	105	155	410	200	210
1991 to 2000	325	135	185	480	240	235
2001 to 2010	245	95	150	555	275	275
2001 to 2005	190	75	110	240	130	115
2006 to 2010	55	20	40	315	150	165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	105	30	75	195	90	100
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	60	30	35	90	50	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,855	790	1,065	2,245	1,100	1,140
Under 5 years	285	105	175	270	110	160
5 to 14 years	420	195	225	465	200	275
15 to 24 years	515	215	295	650	375	280
25 to 44 years	550	240	310	785	405	380
45 years and over	85	25	55	70	15	55
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,860	790	1,065	2,245	1,105	1,140
Americas	365	160	210	745	405	340
Brazil	30	15	10	10	0	0
Colombia	30	0	20	0	0	0
El Salvador	35	15	25	45	10	30
Guyana	20	10	15	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	130	45	90
Jamaica	30	20	10	10	0	10
Mexico	10	10	10	45	25	20
Peru	0	0	0	50	30	20
Trinidad and Tobago	15	15	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	100	40	60	315	220	100
Other places of birth in Americas	85	40	45	140	75	70
Europe	1,175	515	660	580	300	275
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	10	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	160	80	75
Germany	120	50	65	20	15	10
Greece	10	0	0	40	15	20
Hungary	15	15	0	15	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Italy	80	35	45	60	35	20
Netherlands	90	45	45	0	0	0
Poland	65	30	35	10	0	0
Portugal	110	50	65	65	30	35
Romania	45	20	25	80	45	35
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	400	160	235	55	35	15
Other places of birth in Europe	135	75	65	75	30	40
Africa	95	45	50	310	125	185
Algeria	0	0	0	75	40	40
Egypt	20	10	10	15	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	125	45	75
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30	95	35	60
Asia	200	70	130	615	275	335
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	10	15	60	0	50
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	30	10	15	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	110	60	55
Pakistan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Philippines	35	10	30	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	40	15	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	10	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	40	330	160	175
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	110	30	80	190	95	100
Americas	40	15	25	90	50	40
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	45	10	35
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	40	35	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	10	0	0
Europe	45	20	30	25	15	10
France	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	25	0	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	10
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	20	0	20	55	25	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	15	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	20,120	10,150	9,970	26,830	13,380	13,450
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,015	870	1,150	2,415	1,195	1,225
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,290	1,705	1,590	4,000	2,000	1,995
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	14,815	7,580	7,230	20,415	10,185	10,235
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	980	385	600	1,710	845	865
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	415	180	235	670	335	335
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	160	100	55	305	215	85
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	260	75	180	365	115	250
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	385	145	240	610	315	295
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	165	55	115	415	195	215
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	10	10	15	10	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	20,125	10,150	9,970	26,830	13,380	13,455
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	665	320	345	295	130	160
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	655	305	345	270	125	150
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	315	125	195	90	45	45
Métis	330	180	155	175	75	100
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	0	25	0	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	19,460	9,835	9,620	26,535	13,245	13,290
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	20,120	10,150	9,965	26,830	13,375	13,455
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	200	85	115	65	35	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,930	10,070	9,855	26,765	13,345	13,420
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	20,125	10,155	9,970	26,830	13,380	13,450
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	185	75	110	165	100	65
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	180	75	105	155	90	65
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	155	60	90	115	70	45
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15	40	20	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	935	510	425	780	350	430
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	925	505	425	775	345	420
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	570	300	270	625	290	335
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	350	195	155	150	60	90
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	0	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	19,005	9,570	9,435	25,885	12,935	12,955
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	20,125	10,150	9,970	26,830	13,375	13,455
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	880	415	470	2,035	935	1,095
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	150	95	60	70	30	40
Chinese	95	40	55	80	15	65
Black	195	90	95	505	195	310
Filipino	75	15	55	10	10	10
Latin American	195	85	105	390	195	195
Arab	25	10	20	420	210	210
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	0	0	460	240	220
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	35	30	10
Korean	40	25	15	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	20	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	25	10	15	15	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	60	30	35	50	20	35
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	19,245	9,745	9,500	24,795	12,440	12,355
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	20,125	10,155	9,970	26,830	13,375	13,455
North American Aboriginal origins	1,115	585	535	945	445	500
First Nations (North American Indian)	735	370	365	755	365	390
Inuit	10	0	0	10	0	0
Métis	380	210	170	205	90	115
Other North American origins	8,265	4,180	4,090	16,825	8,340	8,485
Acadian	110	55	50	130	75	55
American	210	95	115	275	140	135
Canadian	8,015	4,060	3,955	15,980	7,885	8,100
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	40	25	20	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Québécois	30	15	10	720	400	320
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	15,010	7,635	7,370	11,520	5,835	5,680
British Isles origins	10,910	5,485	5,420	2,130	1,075	1,060
Channel Islander	15	0	10	10	10	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	6,315	3,100	3,215	680	345	335
Irish	4,620	2,255	2,370	1,230	610	625
Manx	0	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish	4,700	2,440	2,265	455	230	225
Welsh	370	185	185	10	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	685	330	355	60	25	30
French origins	2,730	1,395	1,335	6,240	3,120	3,115
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	40	20	20
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	2,730	1,395	1,335	6,210	3,110	3,100
Western European origins (except French origins)	3,240	1,680	1,570	885	460	425
Austrian	150	80	65	155	65	90
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	90	50	45	135	75	60
Dutch	1,110	575	535	45	20	30
Flemish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	20	10	10	0	0	0
German	2,000	1,040	965	525	275	250
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swiss	65	30	35	50	30	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	515	290	230	25	10	15
Danish	100	65	30	0	0	10
Finnish	245	145	100	0	0	0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	95	55	45	10	0	0
Swedish	70	30	40	15	10	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15	10	15	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	1,925	1,030	890	1,525	755	770
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	115	70	45	25	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	25	10	20	35	15	25
Estonian	40	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	225	110	120	940	460	480
Latvian	40	25	20	10	0	0
Lithuanian	30	15	20	20	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	735	390	350	415	205	210
Romanian	100	40	65	330	175	150
Russian	195	100	100	100	45	50
Slovak	50	20	30	15	0	0
Ukrainian	590	355	230	135	60	80
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	2,225	1,150	1,075	2,090	1,095	1,000
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	55	25	25	10	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	90	45	50	295	180	115
Italian	1,340	750	590	1,270	640	635
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Maltese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	415	200	220	295	140	155
Serbian	20	0	10	20	15	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	60	15	40	0	0	0
Spanish	175	75	100	245	135	115
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	50	20	30	10	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	70	30	45	925	495	425
Basque	0	0	0	30	20	15
Jewish	40	20	25	825	450	380
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	20	0	15	65	35	35
Caribbean origins	230	135	95	405	150	255
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	80	50	25	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	15	10	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	10	25	315	110	200
Jamaican	75	55	20	30	15	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	15	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	20	10	10	30	10	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	270	90	175	525	260	270
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	45	25	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	10	0	10	0	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Chilean	10	0	10	85	55	35
Colombian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Guatemalan	20	0	10	35	20	20
Guyanese	50	20	30	10	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	40	15	30	90	40	50
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	95	50	45
Salvadorean	55	15	40	110	45	65
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0	10	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	40	15	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	10	10	10	0
African origins	215	105	110	710	320	385
Central and West African origins	20	15	10	115	50	60
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	55	30	30	495	225	270
Algerian	0	0	0	120	60	55
Berber	0	0	0	40	25	20
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	10	15	70	35	30
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	20	15	220	85	140
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	50	20	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	55	30	25	35	10	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	25	10	10	0	0	0
South African	35	20	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other African origins	80	35	45	75	35	35
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	75	35	40	75	40	35
Asian origins	555	280	275	1,360	680	680
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	95	60	35	720	360	360
Afghan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	15	10	10	65	25	35
Armenian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Assyrian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	10	15	45	35	10
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	125	70	55
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	25	10	15
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	20	10	10	240	110	130
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	15	10	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	10	115	50	70
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	10	40	25	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	185	115	75	25	15	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	155	90	65	20	15	0
Goan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	300	125	175	595	290	305
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	170	90	80
Chinese	120	50	70	160	60	100
Filipino	85	25	55	20	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	0	25	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	15	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	295	160	135
Malaysian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	65	25	40
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	70	30	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	35	25	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Oceania origins	70	40	30	0	0	0
Australian	10	10	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	50	25	20	0	0	0
Fijian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
Owner	5,790	...	...	7,015	...	...
Renter	1,390	...	...	3,270	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	7,180	...	...	10,285	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	1,265	...	...
Not condominium	7,125	...	...	9,020	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	295	...	...	665	...	...
2 bedrooms	935	...	...	3,105	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,565	...	...	4,035	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,385	...	...	2,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	7,180	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	690	...	...	2,565	...	...
5 rooms	1,080	...	...	1,725	...	...
6 rooms	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
7 rooms	1,260	...	...	1,475	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,830	...	...	3,200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,135	...	...	10,085	...	...
More than 1 person per room	45	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
Suitable	6,995	...	...	9,885	...	...
Not suitable	185	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	7,175	...	...	10,290	...	...
1960 or before	1,340	...	...	590	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,685	...	...	3,415	...	...
1981 to 1990	975	...	...	2,775	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,045	...	...	2,385	...	...
2001 to 2005	560	...	...	370	...	...
2006 to 2010	840	...	...	375	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	730	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	7,180	...	...	10,285	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	6,755	...	...	9,675	...	...
Major repairs needed	425	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	7,180	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 household maintainer	3,725	...	...	5,835	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,280	...	...	4,335	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	170	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	7,180	...	...	10,290	...	...
15 to 24 years	160	...	...	295	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,095	...	...	1,445	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,350	...	...	1,695	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,840	...	...	2,660	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,455	...	...	2,275	...	...
65 to 74 years	855	...	...	1,265	...	...
75 to 84 years	285	...	...	575	...	...
85 years and over	135	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	7,045	...	...	10,280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,820	...	...	8,605	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,220	...	...	1,675	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,105	...	...	1,545	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...	7,010	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	74.5	...	...	65.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	11.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,432	...	...	1,169	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,457	...	...	1,186	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	375,868	...	...	286,423	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	424,977	...	...	306,079	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,380	...	...	3,275	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.0	...	...	5.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	26.4	...	...	27.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,010	...	...	773	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	815	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,640	10,745	10,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,215	1,775	1,435	4,005	2,305	1,700
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,405	2,890	2,515	5,555	2,625	2,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,565	3,500	4,065	12,085	5,815	6,270
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,365	1,000	365	3,715	2,295	1,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	675	410	265	2,670	1,455	1,220
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	695	595	100	1,045	840	205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,005	1,615	2,395	4,230	1,760	2,470
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	145	125	830	300	530
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,920	745	1,175	3,315	1,460	1,850
Bachelor's degree	1,505	560	945	2,445	1,070	1,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	150	45	105	290	105	190
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	15	10	50	25	25
Master's degree	210	105	115	460	240	220
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	30	25	10	60	25	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,325	5,730	5,595	14,415	7,055	7,360
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,335	825	505	1,735	1,010	725
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,770	2,060	1,715	3,265	1,565	1,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,215	2,845	3,375	9,415	4,480	4,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,065	775	290	2,835	1,685	1,150
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	510	300	205	2,010	1,020	980
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	560	475	85	830	660	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,310	1,325	1,980	3,110	1,315	1,795
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	120	95	645	240	405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,630	620	1,010	2,825	1,240	1,580
Bachelor's degree	1,295	485	810	2,090	930	1,160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130	50	80	240	80	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	0	50	25	30
Master's degree	180	70	105	390	180	205
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	0	50	30	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,640	10,740	10,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,620	4,665	3,950	9,560	4,930	4,630
Education	365	55	305	945	190	750
13. Education	365	60	305	940	190	755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	240	105	135	440	180	260
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	100	55	45
50. Visual and performing arts	220	90	130	340	125	220
Humanities	265	115	155	630	240	390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	0	15	60	10	55
23. English language and literature/letters	65	10	55	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	40	55	415	155	260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	0	40	35	10
54. History	30	25	10	30	15	10
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	65	20	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	860	215	645	945	210	735
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	10	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	35	90	25	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	235	0	225	355	30	330
22. Legal professions and studies	185	30	150	130	35	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	15	0	0	10
42. Psychology	130	40	95	150	30	120
45. Social sciences	230	110	120	205	90	115
Business, management and public administration	1,275	325	945	3,020	1,100	1,920
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	10	120	100	15	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,135	320	820	2,910	1,080	1,830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	235	90	150	470	270	200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	60	110	50	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	15	45	85	60	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	130	65	70
40. Physical sciences	50	40	15	115	90	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	30	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	220	150	70	435	310	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	200	130	65	390	290	100
25. Library science	10	0	0	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	20	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,790	1,670	115	2,510	2,345	160
04. Architecture and related services	25	10	10	50	35	15
14. Engineering	155	125	30	345	310	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	420	365	55	505	450	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	380	365	15	675	655	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	560	555	0	570	560	0
48. Precision production	255	250	0	360	340	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	230	150	75	110	65	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	140	90	45	95	60	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	65	25	15	10	15
Health and related fields	1,275	195	1,085	1,385	225	1,155
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	120	50	70	140	60	80
51. Health professions and related programs	1,150	145	1,010	1,235	160	1,070
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	10	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	805	425	380	1,195	675	520
12. Personal and culinary services	325	85	240	545	145	405
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	10	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	300	190	105	365	300	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	135	115	15	275	230	45
Other	0	0	0	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,320	5,730	5,595	14,410	7,055	7,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,105	2,890	2,220	5,000	2,570	2,425
Education	300	50	250	685	135	545
13. Education	300	50	250	685	140	550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	85	110	360	140	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	80	45	35
50. Visual and performing arts	180	75	110	280	95	185
Humanities	225	90	130	335	120	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	0	50	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	60	0	50	0	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	35	50	185	75	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	10	0	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	10	20	20	0
54. History	20	20	0	20	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	50	10	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	755	210	550	765	160	605
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	25	40	80	20	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	210	10	205	285	15	270
22. Legal professions and studies	170	30	140	110	25	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	10	0	10
42. Psychology	110	40	75	115	20	90
45. Social sciences	190	105	85	165	75	90
Business, management and public administration	1,030	230	800	2,470	870	1,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	120	10	110	95	20	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	905	225	680	2,365	855	1,515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	75	105	295	200	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	35	45	80	50	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	15	25	65	40	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	25	20	10
40. Physical sciences	40	30	10	100	80	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	125	70	395	285	110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	115	60	360	265	90
25. Library science	10	0	10	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	20	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,465	1,360	105	1,940	1,785	150
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	10	40	25	20
14. Engineering	135	105	30	290	250	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	335	290	45	385	345	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	265	250	10	480	465	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	490	485	10	460	450	0
48. Precision production	225	220	0	275	255	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	110	70	85	45	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	110	65	50	70	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	50	20	15	0	10
Health and related fields	1,060	165	890	1,130	195	930
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	95	30	65	110	50	60
51. Health professions and related programs	960	135	820	1,010	140	870
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	15	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	630	335	295	960	535	425
12. Personal and culinary services	250	60	180	425	95	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	15	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	240	150	85	280	235	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	90	10	250	210	45
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	16,185	8,170	8,020	21,640	10,745	10,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,620	4,665	3,950	9,555	4,925	4,625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	7,565	3,500	4,065	12,085	5,815	6,275
Location of study inside Canada	6,945	3,235	3,715	11,665	5,590	6,075
Same as province or territory of residence	6,040	2,765	3,275	11,435	5,465	5,970
Different than province or territory of residence	910	470	440	230	125	100
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	615	270	350	420	225	195
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	160	60	90	55	40	20
Philippines	25	0	20	0	0	0
India	25	15	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	105	60	45	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	10	0	10	0
France	0	0	0	70	40	30
Other	305	135	170	265	135	135
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,320	5,725	5,595	14,410	7,055	7,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,105	2,885	2,220	4,995	2,575	2,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,215	2,840	3,375	9,415	4,480	4,935
Location of study inside Canada	5,760	2,645	3,115	9,070	4,305	4,770
Same as province or territory of residence	4,945	2,215	2,725	8,920	4,225	4,695
Different than province or territory of residence	820	430	395	150	75	75
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	460	200	255	345	175	170
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	135	50	80	50	30	20
Philippines	15	0	20	0	0	10
India	15	0	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	65	40	25	15	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	50	30	20
Other	225	110	110	220	110	115
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,645	10,745	10,900
In the labour force	11,995	6,465	5,530	15,475	7,910	7,565
Employed	11,255	6,140	5,115	14,515	7,405	7,110
Unemployed	740	330	410	960	505	455
Not in the labour force	4,190	1,700	2,485	6,165	2,835	3,335
Participation rate	74.1	79.1	69.0	71.5	73.6	69.4
Employment rate	69.5	75.2	63.8	67.1	68.9	65.2
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.1	7.4	6.2	6.4	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	16,185	8,170	8,015	21,640	10,745	10,900
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	4,005	1,605	2,395	5,785	2,605	3,175
Worked	12,180	6,560	5,620	15,860	8,135	7,725
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	7,120	4,350	2,775	7,525	4,220	3,300
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,060	2,215	2,845	8,335	3,915	4,420
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.5	45.8	43.1	43.0	43.4	42.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	12,000	6,470	5,530	15,480	7,910	7,570
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	220	80	140	260	110	150
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	11,775	6,385	5,390	15,215	7,800	7,420
Employee	10,510	5,570	4,935	13,530	6,795	6,735
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,270	820	455	1,690	1,005	685
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	12,000	6,470	5,530	15,480	7,910	7,565
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	220	80	135	260	110	145
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	11,775	6,390	5,390	15,215	7,795	7,420
0 Management occupations	1,415	915	500	1,520	985	540
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,460	315	1,145	2,630	805	1,830
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	515	430	85	865	690	175
3 Health occupations	635	65	575	900	145	755
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,880	955	925	1,870	575	1,300
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	190	65	120	410	150	265
6 Sales and service occupations	2,545	925	1,620	4,155	1,870	2,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,090	1,900	185	2,135	2,030	110
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	260	215	45	95	90	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	785	590	190	620	475	150
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	11,995	6,470	5,530	15,480	7,910	7,570
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	220	80	140	260	110	150
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	11,780	6,390	5,390	15,215	7,800	7,420
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	230	100	35	15	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	35	35	0
22 Utilities	75	35	35	125	65	60
23 Construction	975	860	115	1,080	940	140
31-33 Manufacturing	1,395	1,035	355	1,785	1,280	505
41 Wholesale trade	370	270	100	890	590	300
44-45 Retail trade	1,310	520	785	2,215	970	1,250
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	380	175	745	570	175
51 Information and cultural industries	120	45	75	360	240	125
52 Finance and insurance	200	85	125	595	185	410
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195	110	85	250	135	115
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	370	185	180	895	440	455
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	610	335	280	600	385	210
61 Educational services	615	145	475	1,235	370	865
62 Health care and social assistance	1,020	75	950	1,630	265	1,360
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	175	105	70	325	205	125
72 Accommodation and food services	855	250	605	1,055	490	565
81 Other services (except public administration)	460	240	220	565	215	345
91 Public administration	2,135	1,470	670	800	420	390
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	11,255	6,140	5,115	14,515	7,405	7,115
Worked at home	790	380	410	920	450	475
Worked outside Canada	35	10	25	25	20	0
No fixed workplace address	1,430	1,100	330	1,520	1,175	345
Worked at usual place	9,000	4,655	4,350	12,055	5,755	6,300
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	9,005	4,650	4,355	12,055	5,755	6,300
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,775	1,535	1,240	2,125	1,070	1,050
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,565	2,055	2,510	1,640	545	1,090
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,610	1,040	570	8,275	4,135	4,140
Commute to a different province or territory	50	20	30	15	0	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	10,435	5,750	4,685	13,575	6,930	6,640
Car, truck, van - as a driver	9,195	5,135	4,060	11,495	5,990	5,505
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	690	320	370	520	210	310
Public transit	65	45	25	790	315	475
Walked	275	130	150	565	250	310
Bicycle	55	30	25	85	65	20
Other method	155	90	55	120	100	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	10,435	5,750	4,685	13,570	6,930	6,640
Less than 15 minutes	2,780	1,465	1,315	3,415	1,540	1,875
15 to 29 minutes	4,025	2,070	1,955	4,445	2,110	2,335
30 to 44 minutes	1,435	690	745	2,820	1,645	1,175
45 to 59 minutes	725	430	295	1,405	790	615
60 minutes and over	1,470	1,090	380	1,485	840	645
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	10,435	5,750	4,685	13,570	6,930	6,640
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,355	985	370	1,320	1,045	280
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,370	1,570	800	2,690	1,610	1,080
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,695	1,360	1,335	3,435	1,500	1,930
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,400	470	930	2,170	780	1,395
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	790	295	500	1,615	635	980
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,815	1,070	745	2,350	1,365	985
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	12,515	6,695	5,820	16,295	8,360	7,935
Single responses	12,355	6,595	5,765	15,070	7,675	7,395
Official languages	12,330	6,585	5,745	14,745	7,525	7,220
English	12,150	6,540	5,610	1,200	735	465
French	180	45	135	13,545	6,790	6,755
Non-official languages	30	10	25	320	155	170
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30	10	20	325	155	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	320	150	170
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	315	150	160
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	310	150	165
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	150	100	50	1,225	680	545
English and French	145	95	50	1,150	650	500
English and non-official language	10	0	10	25	15	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	15	20
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	12,515	6,695	5,815	16,295	8,360	7,935
None	11,670	6,190	5,480	10,090	4,930	5,155
English	100	30	70	5,250	2,835	2,415
French	655	425	230	765	485	280
Non-official language	85	50	40	140	80	60
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	80	45	35	140	80	60
English and French	0	0	0	15	0	15
English and non-official language	0	0	0	20	20	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	19,855	10,040	9,810	26,480	13,190	13,285
Non-movers	17,340	8,735	8,605	23,910	11,925	11,985
Movers	2,510	1,305	1,210	2,570	1,270	1,300
Non-migrants	625	340	280	935	435	500
Migrants	1,890	960	925	1,630	835	800
Internal migrants	1,865	960	910	1,570	805	770
Intraprovincial migrants	1,365	700	670	1,545	795	755
Interprovincial migrants	500	260	235	25	10	15
External migrants	25	0	20	65	35	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	18,775	9,495	9,280	25,090	12,460	12,625
Non-movers	10,805	5,420	5,390	16,830	8,315	8,510
Movers	7,965	4,080	3,890	8,260	4,145	4,115
Non-migrants	1,905	990	910	3,385	1,715	1,665
Migrants	6,065	3,085	2,985	4,880	2,430	2,450
Internal migrants	5,885	3,020	2,870	4,660	2,335	2,325
Intraprovincial migrants	4,270	2,145	2,130	4,585	2,295	2,290
Interprovincial migrants	1,620	875	740	80	45	40
External migrants	175	65	115	215	95	120

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Essa, TP [Census subdivision], Ontario and Boisbriand, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Essa, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Essa, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Essa, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec