Census Profile, 2016 Census
Renfrew, County [Census division], Ontario and Rawdon, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Renfrew, CTY Ontario [Census division]			Rawdon, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Renfrew, County [Census division], Ontario Map : Renfrew, County [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Rawdon, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	102,394	...	...	11,057	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	101,326	...	...	10,416	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.1	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	49,860	...	...	5,683	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	42,779	...	...	4,868	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.7	...	...	59.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,448.57	...	...	186.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	102,395	51,090	51,300	11,060	5,530	5,530
0 to 14 years	16,475	8,540	7,940	1,535	775	755
0 to 4 years	5,665	2,880	2,780	480	240	240
5 to 9 years	5,565	2,945	2,620	560	285	280
10 to 14 years	5,250	2,715	2,535	495	250	240
15 to 64 years	64,620	32,760	31,860	6,930	3,530	3,405
15 to 19 years	5,335	2,740	2,595	555	300	250
20 to 24 years	5,550	3,015	2,530	520	275	245
25 to 29 years	6,440	3,430	3,010	465	235	225
30 to 34 years	6,400	3,380	3,020	545	275	265
35 to 39 years	5,640	2,865	2,775	555	295	260
40 to 44 years	5,565	2,690	2,875	645	315	330
45 to 49 years	5,940	3,010	2,925	695	370	330
50 to 54 years	7,915	3,900	4,015	995	490	505
55 to 59 years	8,195	3,990	4,205	995	495	495
60 to 64 years	7,640	3,725	3,915	965	470	495
65 years and over	21,300	9,795	11,505	2,595	1,225	1,365
65 to 69 years	6,940	3,470	3,470	845	420	425
70 to 74 years	5,000	2,460	2,545	660	345	315
75 to 79 years	3,735	1,780	1,955	460	220	245
80 to 84 years	2,780	1,145	1,630	315	140	180
85 years and over	2,845	940	1,910	310	105	200
85 to 89 years	1,735	635	1,095	170	65	100
90 to 94 years	860	255	610	110	40	75
95 to 99 years	220	40	175	25	5	25
100 years and over	25	5	20	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.1	16.7	15.5	13.9	14.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	63.1	64.1	62.1	62.7	63.8	61.6
65 years and over	20.8	19.2	22.4	23.5	22.2	24.7
85 years and over	2.8	1.8	3.7	2.8	1.9	3.6
Average age of the population	43.2	41.9	44.4	46.0	45.2	46.9
Median age of the population	44.8	43.0	46.5	50.1	49.0	51.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	42,775	...	...	4,865	...	...
Single-detached house	33,240	...	...	3,840	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	65	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	9,125	...	...	1,005	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,925	...	...	195	...	...
Row house	1,970	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	600	...	...	250	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,490	...	...	480	...	...
Other single-attached house	145	...	...	80	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	345	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	42,780	...	...	4,865	...	...
1 person	12,070	...	...	1,620	...	...
2 persons	16,740	...	...	1,840	...	...
3 persons	6,100	...	...	685	...	...
4 persons	5,170	...	...	455	...	...
5 or more persons	2,695	...	...	270	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,265	...	...	10,645	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	85,920	42,555	43,365	9,520	4,755	4,775
Married or living common law	52,600	26,340	26,255	5,245	2,630	2,620
Married	43,420	21,765	21,650	2,945	1,485	1,465
Living common law	9,180	4,575	4,605	2,300	1,150	1,155
Not married and not living common law	33,315	16,210	17,105	4,280	2,120	2,155
Never married	19,175	11,275	7,900	2,630	1,530	1,100
Separated	2,765	1,260	1,505	130	60	65
Divorced	5,145	2,355	2,790	805	365	435
Widowed	6,225	1,315	4,910	720	165	550
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	30,015	...	...	3,120	...	...
2 persons	17,125	...	...	1,865	...	...
3 persons	5,835	...	...	635	...	...
4 persons	4,860	...	...	425	...	...
5 or more persons	2,195	...	...	190	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	30,010	...	...	3,120	...	...
Total couple families	25,855	...	...	2,565	...	...
Married couples	21,265	...	...	1,420	...	...
Common-law couples	4,590	...	...	1,150	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,160	...	...	550	...	...
Female parent	3,125	...	...	400	...	...
Male parent	1,035	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	25,855	...	...	2,565	...	...
Couples without children	14,510	...	...	1,515	...	...
Couples with children	11,345	...	...	1,050	...	...
1 child	4,665	...	...	490	...	...
2 children	4,575	...	...	385	...	...
3 or more children	2,105	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,160	...	...	550	...	...
1 child	2,615	...	...	350	...	...
2 children	1,175	...	...	150	...	...
3 or more children	375	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,210	8,095	8,115	2,275	1,210	1,065
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
One-census-family households	28,995	...	...	3,020	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,070	...	...	1,480	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	14,925	...	...	1,545	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	505	...	...	50	...	...
Non-census-family households	13,285	...	...	1,800	...	...
One-person households	12,075	...	...	1,620	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,210	...	...	175	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	100,920	50,595	50,325	10,860	5,455	5,405
English only	88,115	44,565	43,550	340	170	170
French only	275	135	140	5,745	2,785	2,960
English and French	12,375	5,830	6,540	4,760	2,490	2,270
Neither English nor French	160	65	95	15	10	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	100,920	50,600	50,330	10,860	5,455	5,405
English	95,780	48,075	47,700	1,255	625	635
French	4,815	2,360	2,460	9,475	4,765	4,705
English and French	170	100	70	110	60	50
Neither English nor French	155	60	90	15	5	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,905	2,410	2,495	1,310	655	665
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	4.9	4.8	5.0	12.1	12.0	12.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	100,920	50,595	50,330	10,860	5,455	5,405
Single responses	99,995	50,155	49,845	10,680	5,360	5,320
Official languages	95,665	48,105	47,565	10,325	5,170	5,150
English	90,635	45,645	44,990	1,080	535	550
French	5,030	2,455	2,575	9,240	4,635	4,600
Non-official languages	4,325	2,045	2,280	360	190	165
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	5	10	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,310	2,040	2,270	360	190	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	60	55	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	55	50	5	5	0
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	55	50	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	0	5	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	15	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	100	25	75	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	5	5	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	20	60	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	30	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	15	0	0	5
Telugu	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,425	1,610	1,810	305	160	145
Albanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,175	560	615	170	85	85
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0	5	0
Latvian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,155	550	605	170	85	85
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	30	15	15	10	0	5
Czech	20	10	15	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	845	395	445	95	50	45
Russian	105	50	55	30	15	20
Serbian	5	5	5	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5	0	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	5	0	5
Ukrainian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	5	0
Celtic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	1,540	685	855	35	15	20
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	20	5	10	0	0	0
Dutch	385	180	210	5	0	0
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0
German	1,100	485	615	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	15	5	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	245	130	115	0	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	215	120	95	0	0	0
Bengali	30	20	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	55	35	20	0	0	0
Hindi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	50	30	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	10	15	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	395	200	200	90	50	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	55	30	35	25	10
Portuguese	65	25	40	10	5	5
Romanian	40	20	20	10	5	5
Spanish	205	95	110	35	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	40	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	160	150	15	10	10
Chinese languages	305	160	155	15	10	5
Cantonese	105	55	55	10	5	0
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	160	80	80	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	10	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	90	50	40	10	10	0
Estonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	60	30	25	10	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Multiple responses	930	445	485	175	90	85
English and French	550	260	285	140	65	75
English and non-official language	350	165	180	15	5	5
French and non-official language	20	15	5	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	100,925	50,595	50,325	10,860	5,450	5,405
Single responses	99,750	50,045	49,710	10,645	5,345	5,300
Official languages	98,545	49,455	49,095	10,495	5,270	5,225
English	96,645	48,485	48,165	1,150	570	580
French	1,905	970	930	9,350	4,700	4,650
Non-official languages	1,205	595	610	145	75	75
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,205	590	610	150	75	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	20	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	840	405	440	125	60	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	115	115	90	40	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	225	115	115	90	45	50
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	0	5	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	150	75	80	50	20	25
Russian	45	25	15	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	375	170	205	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	340	155	190	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10	0	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	55	60	20	15	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	0	0	5
Portuguese	5	5	5	5	0	5
Romanian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Spanish	85	45	40	10	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	20	15	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	90	85	10	5	5
Chinese languages	180	90	90	10	5	5
Cantonese	60	25	30	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	110	60	50	10	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	10	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,170	550	615	210	110	105
English and French	360	180	175	145	75	65
English and non-official language	780	355	425	20	5	15
French and non-official language	15	5	10	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language	15	15	5	10	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	100,925	50,595	50,325	10,860	5,455	5,405
None	95,075	47,915	47,160	9,705	4,880	4,830
English	1,525	750	770	655	315	335
French	2,815	1,240	1,575	340	175	165
Non-official language	1,440	665	780	115	60	55
Aboriginal	30	10	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,410	650	760	115	60	60
English and French	5	5	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language	15	10	5	15	10	5
French and non-official language	45	15	30	15	15	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	82,825	41,040	41,785	9,115	4,595	4,520
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	80,040	39,800	40,240	8,860	4,480	4,380
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,319	44,375	26,687	26,348	30,580	22,752
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	80,085	39,800	40,285	8,865	4,480	4,380
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,196	39,339	24,764	24,505	27,874	21,714
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,025	36,260	34,765	7,310	3,775	3,540
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,139	42,761	23,579	22,984	28,087	19,053
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	58,385	26,580	31,805	7,260	3,565	3,695
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,076	8,314	7,843	9,095	8,742	9,596
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	56,205	29,810	26,395	5,580	2,945	2,635
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,259	42,951	25,764	24,149	28,160	21,222
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	82,825	41,040	41,785	9,115	4,595	4,520
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,090	39,785	40,300	8,840	4,465	4,375
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,506	50,282	34,828	34,283	38,361	30,122
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,140	39,795	40,345	8,845	4,475	4,380
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,268	42,396	30,223	29,432	32,511	26,286
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,220	36,335	34,885	7,300	3,790	3,510
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,504	48,624	32,046	31,801	36,259	26,992
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	58,150	26,395	31,755	7,185	3,500	3,680
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,931	8,856	8,993	9,897	9,705	10,079
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	56,200	29,715	26,490	5,580	2,950	2,630
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,991	47,605	33,571	31,411	34,020	28,490
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	82,830	41,040	41,790	9,120	4,600	4,525
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	27,475	16,155	11,320	2,150	1,185	965
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,638	60,863	45,133	40,967	45,270	37,257
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,038	62,926	51,062	47,070	50,652	42,668
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.8	88.4	79.7	76.2	80.2	71.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.5	70.8	62.9	58.9	60.9	56.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.2	11.6	20.3	23.8	19.9	29.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	82,825	41,040	41,790	9,115	4,595	4,525
Without total income	2,785	1,240	1,545	260	115	145
With total income	80,040	39,800	40,245	8,860	4,480	4,380
Percentage with total income	96.6	97.0	96.3	97.2	97.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,050	3,765	6,290	1,290	625	665
$10,000 to $19,999	14,390	5,390	9,000	2,060	860	1,200
$20,000 to $29,999	11,470	4,645	6,825	1,560	705	855
$30,000 to $39,999	9,295	4,270	5,025	1,265	650	610
$40,000 to $49,999	8,175	4,195	3,980	880	480	400
$50,000 to $59,999	6,590	3,835	2,750	580	355	225
$60,000 to $69,999	6,455	4,350	2,110	395	245	150
$70,000 to $79,999	4,285	2,940	1,345	305	185	115
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	1,940	950	180	115	65
$90,000 to $99,999	2,235	1,390	845	110	90	25
$100,000 and over	4,200	3,075	1,120	240	170	65
$100,000 to $149,999	3,245	2,365	880	180	130	50
$150,000 and over	960	710	245	55	40	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	82,825	41,040	41,790	9,115	4,595	4,525
Without after-tax income	2,740	1,240	1,500	255	115	145
With after-tax income	80,090	39,805	40,280	8,860	4,485	4,380
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	97.0	96.4	97.2	97.6	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,550	3,855	6,695	1,340	640	695
$10,000 to $19,999	15,020	5,645	9,370	2,160	900	1,255
$20,000 to $29,999	13,095	5,475	7,615	1,855	865	995
$30,000 to $39,999	11,090	5,290	5,805	1,485	810	670
$40,000 to $49,999	9,300	5,235	4,060	865	505	360
$50,000 to $59,999	8,270	5,500	2,775	510	325	185
$60,000 to $69,999	5,075	3,475	1,595	310	190	120
$70,000 to $79,999	3,315	2,130	1,180	150	105	50
$80,000 and over	4,380	3,200	1,185	190	140	50
$80,000 to $89,999	1,775	1,205	575	70	55	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,010	765	245	40	25	15
$100,000 and over	1,595	1,230	365	85	65	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	82,830	41,040	41,790	9,120	4,595	4,525
Without employment income	26,625	11,230	15,395	3,535	1,650	1,885
With employment income	56,205	29,810	26,395	5,580	2,945	2,635
Percentage with employment income	67.9	72.6	63.2	61.2	64.1	58.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,280	4,055	4,230	955	525	425
$5,000 to $9,999	4,555	1,875	2,685	515	240	275
$10,000 to $19,999	7,115	2,880	4,240	965	405	560
$20,000 to $29,999	6,170	2,740	3,430	795	375	420
$30,000 to $39,999	5,665	2,615	3,055	665	350	315
$40,000 to $49,999	5,160	2,640	2,520	500	260	235
$50,000 to $59,999	4,210	2,430	1,780	350	225	125
$60,000 to $69,999	4,800	3,370	1,420	250	160	95
$70,000 to $79,999	3,060	2,225	835	225	135	90
$80,000 and over	7,200	4,990	2,200	365	270	100
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,530	800	125	85	40
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815	1,145	670	85	70	20
$100,000 and over	3,050	2,320	730	155	120	35
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	42,780	...	...	4,865	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,683	...	...	49,696	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,769	...	...	44,988	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	12,070	...	...	1,620	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,256	...	...	26,144	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,435	...	...	24,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	30,710	...	...	3,245	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,874	...	...	64,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,876	...	...	57,435	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,574	...	...	62,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,944	...	...	53,491	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,080	...	...	1,620	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,975	...	...	34,661	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,885	...	...	29,642	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	30,700	...	...	3,250	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,367	...	...	76,033	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,558	...	...	65,366	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	42,780	...	...	4,865	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	495	...	...	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,265	...	...	200	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,790	...	...	310	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,970	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,710	...	...	245	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,925	...	...	350	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,865	...	...	325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,840	...	...	280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,865	...	...	265	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,425	...	...	445	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,645	...	...	390	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	...	...	375	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	245	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	...	...	205	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,850	...	...	765	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,685	...	...	345	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,015	...	...	205	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,755	...	...	145	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,395	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	515	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,280	...	...	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,860	...	...	325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,195	...	...	340	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,905	...	...	285	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,215	...	...	405	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,170	...	...	375	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,235	...	...	335	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,150	...	...	315	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,585	...	...	520	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,095	...	...	435	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,565	...	...	290	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,090	...	...	260	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	...	...	160	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,085	...	...	455	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,080	...	...	285	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,110	...	...	85	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,895	...	...	85	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	29,770	...	...	3,105	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,590	...	...	64,469	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,591	...	...	57,435	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	13,800	...	...	1,430	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,570	...	...	57,307	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,773	...	...	51,712	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,480	...	...	1,065	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,123	...	...	87,211	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,140	...	...	75,904	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,880	...	...	520	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,021	...	...	42,368	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,004	...	...	40,277	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	29,790	...	...	3,110	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,067	...	...	76,471	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,242	...	...	65,648	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	13,915	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,754	...	...	69,503	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,028	...	...	58,862	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,500	...	...	1,105	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,470	...	...	100,039	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,644	...	...	85,385	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,880	...	...	495	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,065	...	...	46,817	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,931	...	...	42,799	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	14,775	7,450	7,325	2,030	1,095	940
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,299	39,026	28,177	24,096	26,085	22,816
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,678	34,684	26,409	23,181	24,592	22,123
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	14,785	7,415	7,370	1,990	1,090	905
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,714	44,682	36,721	32,803	35,938	29,037
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,918	37,713	32,105	28,221	30,353	25,660
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	99,265	49,565	49,695	10,650	5,370	5,275
In the bottom half of the distribution	51,075	24,595	26,485	7,365	3,675	3,695
In the bottom decile	8,070	3,895	4,175	1,335	705	625
In the second decile	9,935	4,445	5,490	1,620	760	860
In the third decile	10,425	4,965	5,465	1,715	860	855
In the fourth decile	11,405	5,645	5,760	1,495	755	740
In the fifth decile	11,245	5,645	5,600	1,195	590	610
In the top half of the distribution	48,185	24,975	23,215	3,280	1,700	1,585
In the sixth decile	11,330	5,785	5,540	1,050	535	515
In the seventh decile	11,180	5,900	5,280	855	460	395
In the eighth decile	10,530	5,405	5,125	695	360	335
In the ninth decile	9,025	4,680	4,340	450	220	230
In the top decile	6,130	3,205	2,925	230	120	110
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	98,830	49,350	49,480	10,650	5,370	5,275
0 to 17 years	19,525	10,110	9,415	1,865	950	915
0 to 5 years	6,715	3,440	3,280	595	300	305
18 to 64 years	59,895	30,010	29,885	6,510	3,305	3,210
65 years and over	19,415	9,225	10,185	2,270	1,115	1,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,910	5,930	6,975	2,035	990	1,050
0 to 17 years	2,955	1,525	1,425	395	200	190
0 to 5 years	1,025	545	480	110	60	50
18 to 64 years	7,305	3,390	3,915	1,180	600	575
65 years and over	2,650	1,015	1,635	470	185	280
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.1	12.0	14.1	19.1	18.4	19.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.1	15.1	21.2	21.1	20.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.3	15.8	14.6	18.5	20.0	16.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	11.3	13.1	18.1	18.2	17.9
65 years and over (%)	13.6	11.0	16.1	20.7	16.6	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,410	2,175	2,230	775	425	345
0 to 17 years	885	445	440	120	55	65
0 to 5 years	305	155	145	30	10	20
18 to 64 years	3,260	1,625	1,635	620	360	260
65 years and over	255	105	155	35	15	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	4.4	4.5	7.3	7.9	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.4	4.7	6.4	5.8	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.5	4.4	5.0	3.3	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.4	5.5	9.5	10.9	8.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.5	1.3	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	99,265	49,570	49,700	10,645	5,370	5,275
Official languages	99,120	49,505	49,615	10,635	5,365	5,270
English	98,875	49,380	49,495	5,040	2,625	2,420
French	12,310	5,650	6,665	10,325	5,245	5,075
Non-official languages	5,975	2,895	3,080	670	315	355
Aboriginal languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	40	20	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	15	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	15	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,920	2,860	3,060	675	315	355
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	80	75	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	75	70	0	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	125	65	60	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	20	85	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	10	80	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	15	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	15	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	135	70	65	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	30	20	0	0	0
Tamil	60	40	25	0	0	0
Telugu	30	10	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,750	2,300	2,455	620	295	325
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,395	690	710	155	70	85
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,375	680	700	155	70	85
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Czech	35	0	25	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,010	500	505	95	55	40
Russian	185	80	105	50	20	25
Serbian	10	0	0	10	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,055	965	1,095	80	40	40
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	50	15	35	0	0	0
Dutch	470	195	270	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	10	0	0	0
German	1,580	760	820	70	30	35
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	30	30	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	320	180	140	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	280	165	120	0	0	10
Bengali	50	35	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	60	35	25	0	0	0
Hindi	160	85	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	35	20	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Urdu	25	15	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	20	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,060	515	540	380	175	205
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	185	95	90	80	45	40
Portuguese	130	70	60	20	15	10
Romanian	75	40	40	30	15	10
Spanish	670	320	355	265	110	155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Japanese	50	10	35	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	90	40	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	35	20	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	40	30	15	10	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	70	30	40	10	0	15
American Sign Language	25	0	25	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	430	230	205	0	0	0
Chinese languages	430	225	200	0	0	0
Cantonese	170	95	70	0	0	0
Hakka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	255	130	125	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	100	60	40	20	15	0
Estonian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	25	15	0	0	10	0
Hungarian	55	30	25	15	15	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	99,265	49,570	49,695	10,645	5,370	5,275
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	97,955	49,050	48,910	10,590	5,340	5,255
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,455	10,095	9,360	1,875	975	895
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,500	38,955	39,545	8,720	4,365	4,355
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,310	525	790	55	30	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	99,265	49,565	49,695	10,650	5,370	5,280
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	93,640	46,960	46,680	10,125	5,105	5,020
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	5,460	2,525	2,935	510	255	255
Before 1981	2,855	1,330	1,525	255	140	115
1981 to 1990	685	335	355	70	40	30
1991 to 2000	730	345	380	70	30	40
2001 to 2010	835	385	450	105	40	65
2001 to 2005	450	210	240	70	25	50
2006 to 2010	390	175	215	40	15	25
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	350	130	220	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	160	80	80	0	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	5,460	2,525	2,935	510	255	255
Under 5 years	905	465	435	85	45	40
5 to 14 years	1,215	605	615	75	20	55
15 to 24 years	1,140	470	670	110	75	35
25 to 44 years	1,925	870	1,055	220	105	115
45 years and over	275	115	165	15	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	5,460	2,525	2,935	515	255	255
Americas	950	395	550	60	25	40
Brazil	30	10	15	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	10	15	0	10
El Salvador	20	15	0	0	0	0
Guyana	35	25	10	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	10	10	10	10
Jamaica	50	20	25	0	0	0
Mexico	30	10	20	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	610	230	380	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	115	65	50	15	10	10
Europe	3,320	1,565	1,760	375	205	170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	10	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	0	0	0
France	80	25	55	115	65	55
Germany	640	275	365	25	15	15
Greece	45	25	15	15	10	0
Hungary	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	35	10	25	0	0	0
Italy	65	40	20	20	10	10
Netherlands	395	195	200	0	10	0
Poland	220	110	105	70	45	25
Portugal	35	15	20	15	10	0
Romania	65	35	35	30	15	15
Russian Federation	50	20	25	20	10	15
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	15	40	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,315	650	670	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	275	110	170	25	10	20
Africa	135	75	60	35	15	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	45	30	30	15	20
Asia	1,025	480	545	35	10	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	15	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	280	140	145	10	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	30	20	10	0	0	0
India	230	125	100	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	30	15	20	0	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Philippines	105	10	95	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	10	25	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	135	80	55	10	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	350	130	220	0	10	0
Americas	90	25	65	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	45	10	30	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	0	0	0
Europe	110	50	60	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	80	35	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	125	45	80	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	25	20	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	30	0	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	99,265	49,570	49,695	10,645	5,370	5,280
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	6,170	2,930	3,240	535	275	260
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	9,875	5,005	4,865	570	290	280
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	83,220	41,635	41,590	9,535	4,805	4,735
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,655	1,210	1,445	260	120	140
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,340	710	630	130	70	60
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	500	370	130	70	50	15
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	840	340	500	60	20	45
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,080	370	705	75	30	45
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	225	125	100	50	25	30
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	99,265	49,570	49,695	10,645	5,370	5,275
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	8,460	4,265	4,195	135	85	55
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	7,970	4,030	3,940	130	75	55
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,715	2,470	2,245	30	15	10
Métis	3,160	1,505	1,655	100	60	40
Inuk (Inuit)	95	50	40	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	65	55	10	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	370	170	195	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	90,805	45,305	45,505	10,510	5,285	5,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	99,265	49,570	49,695	10,645	5,370	5,275
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,645	1,405	1,240	10	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,620	48,165	48,455	10,640	5,360	5,275
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	99,265	49,570	49,695	10,645	5,370	5,280
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,085	565	525	125	35	85
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,070	555	510	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	795	425	370	110	35	75
Métis single ancestry	255	120	135	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	10	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	0	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	9,385	4,660	4,730	490	235	255
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	9,095	4,510	4,590	475	230	245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,165	3,110	3,055	425	205	215
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,845	1,350	1,500	55	25	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	55	35	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	285	145	140	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	275	140	135	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	88,795	44,350	44,445	10,035	5,095	4,930
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	99,265	49,570	49,700	10,645	5,370	5,275
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,635	1,335	1,300	165	50	115
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	575	345	230	10	10	10
Chinese	575	295	280	15	0	10
Black	530	280	250	90	25	65
Filipino	170	35	130	0	0	0
Latin American	230	115	120	25	15	15
Arab	100	45	60	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	95	40	55	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Korean	115	60	55	0	0	0
Japanese	60	35	30	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	85	55	25	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	85	40	40	15	0	15
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	96,630	48,235	48,400	10,480	5,320	5,160
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	99,265	49,570	49,700	10,645	5,370	5,275
North American Aboriginal origins	10,470	5,220	5,255	610	275	340
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,250	3,680	3,570	540	250	300
Inuit	120	75	50	0	0	10
Métis	3,405	1,625	1,785	75	25	45
Other North American origins	37,650	18,895	18,750	7,490	3,780	3,705
Acadian	335	150	180	55	25	30
American	850	425	430	60	20	45
Canadian	36,805	18,475	18,335	7,080	3,570	3,515
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	15	0	15
Newfoundlander	75	50	25	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	15	0	10	0	10
Québécois	55	25	35	340	185	150
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	78,935	39,235	39,705	4,640	2,385	2,265
British Isles origins	54,755	27,025	27,730	1,705	815	890
Channel Islander	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	15	10	0	0	0	0
English	24,605	12,080	12,520	520	240	280
Irish	30,120	14,495	15,620	1,110	515	595
Manx	20	20	0	0	0	0
Scottish	23,270	11,345	11,920	475	230	240
Welsh	1,960	990	975	10	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,425	1,180	1,245	50	10	40
French origins	23,050	11,355	11,695	2,800	1,460	1,340
Alsatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	23,045	11,355	11,690	2,790	1,455	1,335
Western European origins (except French origins)	26,040	12,790	13,255	420	205	215
Austrian	315	130	185	55	30	30
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	290	165	120	50	25	25
Dutch	4,300	2,145	2,150	35	15	20
Flemish	35	25	10	0	0	0
Frisian	25	20	10	0	0	0
German	21,960	10,740	11,220	265	125	140
Luxembourger	15	15	0	0	0	0
Swiss	710	315	390	50	30	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,055	1,080	980	60	35	30
Danish	375	205	175	30	20	10
Finnish	505	270	240	10	0	10
Icelandic	120	65	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	525	235	295	10	0	0
Swedish	480	255	225	10	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	135	90	50	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	12,985	6,495	6,490	300	160	140
Bulgarian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Byelorussian	20	15	10	10	0	0
Czech	195	100	95	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	120	60	60	0	0	0
Estonian	80	35	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	330	160	165	25	20	15
Latvian	60	25	35	10	0	10
Lithuanian	110	45	65	15	10	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10,170	5,080	5,090	135	80	55
Romanian	180	90	90	25	20	10
Russian	685	355	330	50	15	35
Slovak	55	35	20	15	15	0
Ukrainian	1,945	950	995	35	20	20
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,270	1,660	1,610	465	275	195
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	90	45	40	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	230	125	100	30	20	10
Italian	2,025	1,020	1,000	375	215	160
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	110	50	55	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	385	185	200	25	20	10
Serbian	30	15	15	10	10	10
Sicilian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Spanish	385	205	180	25	20	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	60	30	30	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	435	265	170	25	10	25
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	160	105	55	20	10	15
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	45	35	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	215	115	105	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	480	250	225	40	20	20
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	10	15	10	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	30	15	15	25	10	20
Jamaican	160	95	65	0	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	115	75	45	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	110	45	60	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	450	235	215	45	20	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Chilean	30	20	10	10	10	0
Colombian	40	20	15	15	0	10
Costa Rican	15	10	0	10	0	10
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	65	40	25	0	0	0
Hispanic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	65	30	35	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	435	220	220	85	35	50
Central and West African origins	35	15	25	45	20	25
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins	85	45	40	20	10	10
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Libyan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	0	0	20	10	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	115	65	50	10	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	25	30	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
South African	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Zambian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	200	90	110	35	20	15
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	170	70	105	35	20	15
Asian origins	2,115	1,100	1,015	65	15	45
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	385	195	185	10	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	45	30	20	0	0	0
Armenian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	60	20	35	0	10	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	165	85	85	10	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	35	25	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	15	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	595	365	235	0	0	10
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	480	295	190	0	0	0
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pakistani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Punjabi	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sri Lankan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tamil	20	15	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	30	20	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,160	565	595	50	10	35
Burmese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese	665	345	320	35	10	30
Filipino	185	60	125	25	0	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	75	30	50	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	55	55	0	0	0
Laotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	25	0	20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	115	45	75	0	0	0
Australian	65	25	40	0	0	0
New Zealander	45	20	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
Owner	32,415	...	...	3,575	...	...
Renter	10,360	...	...	1,290	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
Condominium	540	...	...	220	...	...
Not condominium	42,240	...	...	4,645	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	3,335	...	...	525	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,825	...	...	1,945	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,575	...	...	1,600	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,015	...	...	785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	42,775	...	...	4,870	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,335	...	...	1,425	...	...
5 rooms	6,400	...	...	990	...	...
6 rooms	7,875	...	...	740	...	...
7 rooms	7,310	...	...	670	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,860	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,645	...	...	4,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	135	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	42,780	...	...	4,865	...	...
Suitable	41,875	...	...	4,745	...	...
Not suitable	905	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
1960 or before	15,025	...	...	1,150	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,460	...	...	1,475	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,180	...	...	575	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,810	...	...	495	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,860	...	...	290	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,475	...	...	460	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,970	...	...	420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	39,075	...	...	4,445	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,705	...	...	425	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	42,780	...	...	4,865	...	...
1 household maintainer	25,810	...	...	3,225	...	...
2 household maintainers	16,515	...	...	1,580	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	450	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	42,780	...	...	4,870	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,040	...	...	110	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,105	...	...	425	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,940	...	...	700	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,785	...	...	1,010	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,915	...	...	1,155	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,240	...	...	920	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,360	...	...	470	...	...
85 years and over	1,390	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	41,835	...	...	4,830	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,320	...	...	3,745	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,510	...	...	1,085	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,740	...	...	950	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,550	...	...	3,545	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.3	...	...	16.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	970	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,087	...	...	904	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	240,212	...	...	199,759	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	265,964	...	...	220,210	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,315	...	...	1,290	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.8	...	...	5.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.8	...	...	37.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	838	...	...	712	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	864	...	...	707	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	82,825	41,040	41,790	9,115	4,595	4,520
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,645	8,320	7,330	2,455	1,340	1,110
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,775	13,290	12,480	2,290	1,105	1,185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,405	19,430	21,975	4,375	2,150	2,220
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,395	5,480	1,910	1,875	1,120	750
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,370	2,195	1,175	1,310	635	675
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,030	3,290	740	560	485	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,170	8,355	12,820	1,200	525	675
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,295	510	775	290	105	190
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,550	5,080	6,470	1,010	405	605
Bachelor's degree	8,060	3,215	4,845	670	240	435
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	790	320	480	80	40	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	200	135	40	20	15
Master's degree	1,865	930	935	195	90	105
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	490	410	75	25	20	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	52,960	26,470	26,490	5,750	2,865	2,885
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,870	3,520	2,350	1,115	655	465
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	16,795	9,195	7,595	1,345	625	720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,295	13,755	16,545	3,285	1,585	1,700
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,030	3,710	1,320	1,445	830	615
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,245	1,440	810	1,055	485	570
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,780	2,270	515	400	345	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,160	6,385	9,775	875	380	495
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	745	310	435	160	65	100
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	8,365	3,345	5,020	800	310	490
Bachelor's degree	5,945	2,195	3,750	565	195	370
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	540	185	350	50	35	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	130	125	20	10	10
Master's degree	1,355	620	740	145	65	80
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	275	215	60	15	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	82,825	41,040	41,785	9,120	4,595	4,520
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	41,420	21,610	19,810	4,745	2,445	2,295
Education	2,835	695	2,140	390	100	290
13. Education	2,835	695	2,140	390	100	290
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,005	370	630	165	75	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305	195	115	25	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	695	180	520	135	60	75
Humanities	1,640	700	940	170	70	100
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	10	85	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	420	145	275	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	80	235	85	35	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	60	65	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	195	120	15	10	0
54. History	320	200	120	15	15	0
55. French language and literature/letters	45	10	40	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,680	985	2,690	355	95	255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	55	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	100	180	35	10	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,100	35	1,070	100	25	75
22. Legal professions and studies	575	155	420	55	20	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	60	15	40	10	0	10
42. Psychology	610	135	480	55	20	35
45. Social sciences	990	540	455	95	25	70
Business, management and public administration	6,840	1,910	4,925	875	265	610
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	855	110	750	40	15	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,980	1,800	4,180	830	245	585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,350	780	565	90	55	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	480	170	310	30	20	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	75	70	30	15	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	615	465	150	25	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	55	35	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,020	570	450	105	65	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	750	435	320	75	45	25
25. Library science	55	10	50	10	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	85	75	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	50	45	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,965	9,265	700	1,035	990	45
04. Architecture and related services	105	65	40	25	15	0
14. Engineering	1,420	1,150	270	55	50	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,020	1,800	220	145	140	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,570	2,520	55	305	290	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,825	2,745	80	310	305	10
48. Precision production	1,020	985	35	190	185	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,285	915	370	105	75	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	590	360	235	85	60	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	690	555	135	20	15	10
Health and related fields	8,080	1,220	6,855	665	125	545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	575	215	360	85	40	40
51. Health professions and related programs	7,435	960	6,470	580	75	500
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	45	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,705	2,015	1,690	420	230	190
12. Personal and culinary services	1,715	370	1,345	230	70	165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	65	15	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	155	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,155	840	315	70	50	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	595	580	15	120	115	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	52,965	26,470	26,490	5,745	2,865	2,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	22,665	12,715	9,950	2,460	1,280	1,185
Education	1,675	375	1,305	255	85	170
13. Education	1,675	375	1,305	255	90	165
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	255	530	135	70	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	135	90	25	15	10
50. Visual and performing arts	550	115	435	110	50	60
Humanities	1,060	445	615	95	40	55
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	85	10	80	10	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	250	75	175	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	55	165	50	20	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	20	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	110	65	0	0	0
54. History	235	150	85	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	30	0	25	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,935	705	2,235	310	90	215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	75	145	30	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	895	15	880	90	20	70
22. Legal professions and studies	520	120	400	50	20	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	15	25	10	0	10
42. Psychology	435	90	345	50	15	30
45. Social sciences	780	390	390	75	30	45
Business, management and public administration	5,130	1,345	3,790	705	185	515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	80	550	25	10	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,515	1,265	3,245	680	180	495
Physical and life sciences and technologies	895	445	450	60	35	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	130	235	25	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	40	55	20	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	370	240	130	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	35	25	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	865	485	380	90	60	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	670	395	275	60	45	15
25. Library science	45	0	45	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	45	60	15	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	45	40	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,180	6,635	545	720	685	35
04. Architecture and related services	80	50	25	25	20	0
14. Engineering	1,045	810	235	40	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,480	1,320	165	100	95	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,885	1,850	30	215	210	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,030	1,975	55	195	195	0
48. Precision production	660	630	30	140	135	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	945	660	295	85	70	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	420	235	185	65	55	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	525	425	105	20	15	0
Health and related fields	5,965	890	5,075	520	85	435
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	410	140	270	75	35	35
51. Health professions and related programs	5,510	715	4,790	445	50	395
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	30	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,850	1,525	1,330	325	190	135
12. Personal and culinary services	1,325	270	1,050	175	55	125
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	70	60	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	105	95	15	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	900	650	245	50	40	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	445	10	100	95	0
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	82,825	41,040	41,790	9,120	4,600	4,520
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,420	21,610	19,805	4,745	2,445	2,295
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,405	19,430	21,980	4,370	2,150	2,225
Location of study inside Canada	38,985	18,215	20,770	4,235	2,070	2,160
Same as province or territory of residence	34,870	16,265	18,605	4,145	2,025	2,125
Different than province or territory of residence	4,115	1,945	2,165	85	45	35
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,425	1,215	1,205	145	80	60
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	900	505	395	10	0	10
Philippines	45	0	45	0	0	0
India	105	40	55	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	475	265	215	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	75	35	40	0	0	0
France	20	0	15	35	25	0
Other	800	360	440	90	45	45
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	52,965	26,470	26,490	5,750	2,865	2,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,665	12,715	9,945	2,465	1,280	1,185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,295	13,755	16,545	3,285	1,585	1,700
Location of study inside Canada	28,865	13,120	15,745	3,205	1,540	1,665
Same as province or territory of residence	25,720	11,675	14,045	3,150	1,510	1,640
Different than province or territory of residence	3,145	1,440	1,700	50	35	20
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,435	635	795	85	45	40
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	530	265	270	15	0	10
Philippines	40	0	35	0	0	0
India	90	45	45	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	225	110	115	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65	30	35	0	0	0
France	10	10	10	15	15	10
Other	470	185	285	45	20	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	82,830	41,040	41,785	9,120	4,595	4,520
In the labour force	50,695	26,885	23,815	5,020	2,595	2,425
Employed	47,040	24,780	22,260	4,615	2,360	2,255
Unemployed	3,655	2,105	1,555	410	240	170
Not in the labour force	32,130	14,155	17,970	4,100	2,000	2,095
Participation rate	61.2	65.5	57.0	55.0	56.5	53.7
Employment rate	56.8	60.4	53.3	50.6	51.4	49.9
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.8	6.5	8.2	9.2	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	82,825	41,040	41,785	9,120	4,595	4,520
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	29,890	13,065	16,820	3,875	1,840	2,030
Worked	52,940	27,975	24,965	5,245	2,755	2,490
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	28,105	16,570	11,540	2,270	1,255	1,015
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	24,840	11,405	13,425	2,980	1,500	1,480
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	44.0	42.7	41.7	41.4	42.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	50,700	26,885	23,815	5,020	2,595	2,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	900	440	460	185	110	75
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	49,800	26,440	23,355	4,835	2,485	2,350
Employee	44,400	23,230	21,170	4,050	2,000	2,050
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,395	3,210	2,185	790	480	305
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	50,700	26,880	23,815	5,020	2,595	2,425
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	905	445	465	185	115	75
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	49,800	26,440	23,350	4,835	2,485	2,350
0 Management occupations	5,285	3,310	1,980	500	310	190
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,885	1,430	4,460	640	135	505
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,955	2,245	710	220	175	40
3 Health occupations	3,980	630	3,350	380	50	335
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,500	4,380	4,125	570	145	420
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	925	295	625	115	55	60
6 Sales and service occupations	11,095	4,160	6,935	1,180	520	660
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,995	7,535	460	880	815	70
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,095	910	180	95	80	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,085	1,550	530	255	195	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	50,700	26,885	23,815	5,020	2,595	2,425
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	905	440	460	185	115	75
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	49,795	26,445	23,350	4,835	2,485	2,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,490	1,075	420	110	75	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	225	200	25	0	0	0
22 Utilities	830	690	140	25	20	10
23 Construction	4,410	3,905	500	560	460	105
31-33 Manufacturing	3,490	2,545	950	545	390	155
41 Wholesale trade	885	605	275	155	110	40
44-45 Retail trade	5,835	2,595	3,240	670	335	330
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,385	1,040	345	200	140	65
51 Information and cultural industries	680	280	400	45	20	30
52 Finance and insurance	820	145	675	125	40	95
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	585	265	320	65	35	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,350	1,935	1,415	260	105	155
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,110	1,115	990	215	135	80
61 Educational services	2,995	790	2,205	290	65	225
62 Health care and social assistance	6,525	855	5,675	755	145	610
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	630	280	350	100	65	35
72 Accommodation and food services	3,280	1,095	2,180	255	95	160
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,010	950	1,065	255	140	115
91 Public administration	8,235	6,070	2,165	195	105	90
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	47,040	24,780	22,255	4,615	2,360	2,255
Worked at home	3,385	1,565	1,820	450	240	215
Worked outside Canada	120	95	20	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	5,190	3,985	1,205	630	460	170
Worked at usual place	38,350	19,135	19,215	3,505	1,645	1,860
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	38,350	19,135	19,215	3,505	1,645	1,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,355	7,835	7,520	1,240	505	730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,850	8,545	9,305	245	115	125
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,765	2,555	2,215	2,015	1,020	1,005
Commute to a different province or territory	375	200	180	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	43,535	23,120	20,415	4,140	2,110	2,025
Car, truck, van - as a driver	37,355	20,230	17,130	3,650	1,915	1,740
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,815	1,300	1,515	165	60	105
Public transit	210	80	130	70	20	50
Walked	2,375	1,000	1,375	205	80	125
Bicycle	380	300	80	20	20	0
Other method	400	215	185	20	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	43,535	23,120	20,420	4,135	2,105	2,025
Less than 15 minutes	17,380	8,450	8,930	1,175	510	665
15 to 29 minutes	12,775	6,805	5,975	835	410	430
30 to 44 minutes	6,870	3,735	3,140	760	370	385
45 to 59 minutes	3,060	1,865	1,190	555	315	240
60 minutes and over	3,450	2,270	1,185	805	500	305
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	43,535	23,120	20,415	4,135	2,105	2,030
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,670	2,625	1,040	440	330	105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,950	7,030	3,925	685	450	235
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,550	6,915	5,635	1,090	525	570
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,960	2,590	4,370	750	230	520
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,520	1,155	2,370	385	135	250
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,880	2,805	3,080	785	435	355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	54,220	28,570	25,650	5,420	2,825	2,600
Single responses	53,950	28,430	25,515	5,130	2,675	2,450
Official languages	53,840	28,365	25,475	5,120	2,675	2,450
English	53,350	28,235	25,120	225	120	110
French	490	135	355	4,890	2,555	2,340
Non-official languages	105	65	45	10	10	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	105	65	40	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	60	35	0	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	80	45	35	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	275	135	140	290	145	145
English and French	245	115	125	290	140	150
English and non-official language	25	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	10	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	54,220	28,570	25,655	5,420	2,820	2,595
None	50,600	26,795	23,810	3,910	2,050	1,855
English	315	115	200	1,340	675	660
French	3,045	1,550	1,495	140	80	60
Non-official language	235	115	120	20	0	10
Aboriginal	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	215	110	105	20	10	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	10
French and non-official language	30	0	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	98,145	49,010	49,135	10,560	5,325	5,230
Non-movers	86,670	43,310	43,365	9,495	4,795	4,695
Movers	11,475	5,700	5,775	1,065	530	535
Non-migrants	5,410	2,770	2,645	420	190	225
Migrants	6,065	2,930	3,135	645	335	310
Internal migrants	5,825	2,810	3,010	640	335	305
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	2,260	2,440	635	330	300
Interprovincial migrants	1,125	550	575	10	10	0
External migrants	240	120	120	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	93,615	46,690	46,925	10,165	5,115	5,050
Non-movers	62,185	31,180	31,005	6,470	3,350	3,120
Movers	31,435	15,515	15,920	3,695	1,765	1,930
Non-migrants	13,265	6,630	6,630	1,400	655	745
Migrants	18,170	8,875	9,290	2,295	1,110	1,190
Internal migrants	17,620	8,615	9,005	2,285	1,100	1,185
Intraprovincial migrants	14,095	6,780	7,315	2,240	1,070	1,165
Interprovincial migrants	3,525	1,835	1,690	45	25	15
External migrants	545	260	285	10	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Renfrew, CTY [Census division], Ontario and Rawdon, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Renfrew, County [Census division], Ontario and Rawdon, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Renfrew, County [Census division], Ontario and Rawdon, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Renfrew, County [Census division], Ontario and Rawdon, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec