Census Profile, 2016 Census
Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Carstairs [Population centre], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Thunder Bay, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]			Carstairs Alberta [Population centre]
	Data quality , Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Carstairs [Population centre], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	107,909	...	...	3,080	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	108,359	...	...	2,665^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.4	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	50,388	...	...	1,199	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	47,182	...	...	1,163	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	328.6	...	...	642.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	328.36	...	...	4.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	107,910	52,645	55,260	3,080	1,545	1,530
0 to 14 years	15,575	8,000	7,575	695	350	345
0 to 4 years	5,015	2,630	2,385	230	115	120
5 to 9 years	5,310	2,705	2,605	255	130	130
10 to 14 years	5,255	2,665	2,585	205	110	100
15 to 64 years	70,730	35,115	35,620	2,015	1,000	1,015
15 to 19 years	5,890	3,015	2,875	165	90	75
20 to 24 years	7,515	3,845	3,675	150	75	75
25 to 29 years	7,100	3,605	3,500	185	85	100
30 to 34 years	6,330	3,190	3,140	215	90	120
35 to 39 years	5,990	2,930	3,065	260	140	115
40 to 44 years	6,130	3,005	3,120	205	105	100
45 to 49 years	6,935	3,345	3,590	230	115	115
50 to 54 years	8,240	4,060	4,180	210	105	105
55 to 59 years	8,810	4,305	4,505	200	90	105
60 to 64 years	7,785	3,815	3,975	205	100	100
65 years and over	21,600	9,530	12,065	370	195	175
65 to 69 years	6,765	3,265	3,505	150	85	70
70 to 74 years	4,730	2,195	2,530	105	60	45
75 to 79 years	3,750	1,680	2,075	50	25	25
80 to 84 years	2,905	1,230	1,675	30	10	20
85 years and over	3,450	1,165	2,285	25	15	15
85 to 89 years	2,080	780	1,290	20	10	10
90 to 94 years	1,065	325	740	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	275	55	220	0	0	0
100 years and over	35	5	30	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.2	13.7	22.6	22.7	22.5
15 to 64 years	65.5	66.7	64.5	65.4	64.7	66.3
65 years and over	20.0	18.1	21.8	12.0	12.6	11.4
85 years and over	3.2	2.2	4.1	0.8	1.0	1.0
Average age of the population	43.3	42.0	44.5	37.3	37.4	37.2
Median age of the population	44.5	42.9	45.9	37.5	37.7	37.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	47,180	...	...	1,165	...	...
Single-detached house	31,215	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,555	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	13,205	...	...	125	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,030	...	...	50	...	...
Row house	1,350	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,370	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,340	...	...	10	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	210	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	47,180	...	...	1,160	...	...
1 person	15,730	...	...	220	...	...
2 persons	16,565	...	...	440	...	...
3 persons	6,850	...	...	195	...	...
4 persons	5,450	...	...	185	...	...
5 or more persons	2,585	...	...	115	...	...
Number of persons in private households	105,220	...	...	3,070	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	92,330	44,645	47,685	2,385	1,195	1,190
Married or living common law	48,900	24,425	24,470	1,640	815	820
Married	39,140	19,570	19,570	1,390	695	700
Living common law	9,760	4,855	4,905	250	125	120
Not married and not living common law	43,430	20,220	23,215	745	380	365
Never married	27,085	14,905	12,180	465	270	195
Separated	3,320	1,410	1,915	55	20	35
Divorced	5,970	2,525	3,440	150	65	85
Widowed	7,055	1,375	5,680	80	20	55
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	30,030	...	...	920	...	...
2 persons	16,640	...	...	455	...	...
3 persons	6,430	...	...	195	...	...
4 persons	5,025	...	...	175	...	...
5 or more persons	1,940	...	...	100	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	30,035	...	...	925	...	...
Total couple families	23,960	...	...	815	...	...
Married couples	19,085	...	...	690	...	...
Common-law couples	4,880	...	...	125	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,070	...	...	110	...	...
Female parent	4,725	...	...	75	...	...
Male parent	1,345	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	23,960	...	...	810	...	...
Couples without children	12,835	...	...	400	...	...
Couples with children	11,130	...	...	410	...	...
1 child	4,800	...	...	150	...	...
2 children	4,565	...	...	165	...	...
3 or more children	1,765	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,075	...	...	110	...	...
1 child	3,805	...	...	55	...	...
2 children	1,625	...	...	40	...	...
3 or more children	640	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,245	10,680	11,570	360	190	170
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	47,180	...	...	1,165	...	...
One-census-family households	28,955	...	...	885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	12,430	...	...	385	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,525	...	...	505	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	535	...	...	15	...	...
Non-census-family households	17,690	...	...	260	...	...
One-person households	15,730	...	...	225	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,960	...	...	35	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	106,180	51,880	54,300	3,080	1,545	1,535
English only	97,350	48,025	49,325	2,980	1,490	1,485
French only	90	55	40	0	0	0
English and French	8,290	3,640	4,650	100	50	50
Neither English nor French	445	160	290	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	106,180	51,880	54,300	3,080	1,550	1,535
English	103,440	50,630	52,810	3,040	1,525	1,515
French	2,210	1,055	1,155	30	15	15
English and French	110	50	55	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	425	140	285	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,260	1,080	1,185	35	15	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.1	2.1	2.2	1.1	1.0	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	106,185	51,880	54,300	3,080	1,545	1,530
Single responses	104,715	51,185	53,525	3,060	1,535	1,525
Official languages	92,545	45,575	46,970	2,925	1,465	1,460
English	90,135	44,435	45,700	2,890	1,445	1,440
French	2,405	1,135	1,270	35	20	15
Non-official languages	12,165	5,610	6,560	135	70	65
Aboriginal languages	1,195	480	720	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,185	475	710	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	5	20	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,090	440	650	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	680	280	395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	405	155	245	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10,975	5,130	5,840	135	70	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	165	110	10	5	5
Berber languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	270	165	110	10	5	0
Amharic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	255	150	100	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	50	80	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	125	45	80	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	240	80	160	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	65	130	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	115	50	60	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	10	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,325	3,460	3,865	105	55	50
Albanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,130	900	1,230	15	5	10
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,105	895	1,215	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	265	135	135	5	0	5
Czech	35	20	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Polish	830	350	485	5	0	0
Russian	90	35	55	0	0	0
Serbian	35	10	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	150	65	85	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	35	40	0	0	0
Ukrainian	580	220	360	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	905	405	490	60	35	25
Afrikaans	10	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	45	20	25	5	5	0
Dutch	205	90	120	10	5	5
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	580	265	315	45	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	40	15	25	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	125	60	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	590	330	255	20	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	470	265	200	15	10	5
Bengali	70	45	30	0	0	0
Gujarati	90	60	35	0	0	0
Hindi	95	55	40	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	95	45	45	10	10	5
Iranian languages	115	65	50	10	0	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	110	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,560	1,755	1,815	10	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,815	1,385	1,425	0	0	0
Portuguese	385	190	195	0	0	0
Romanian	40	20	20	5	0	0
Spanish	320	155	165	10	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	45	40	0	5	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	35	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	775	390	390	0	0	0
Chinese languages	535	265	275	0	0	0
Cantonese	175	70	100	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	315	165	150	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	235	120	115	0	0	0
Burmese	25	15	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	205	105	100	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,790	770	1,020	5	0	0
Estonian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Finnish	1,635	680	950	0	0	0
Hungarian	125	70	60	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,470	695	775	20	10	10
English and French	295	145	155	10	5	5
English and non-official language	1,130	530	595	10	5	5
French and non-official language	25	15	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	106,180	51,885	54,300	3,080	1,545	1,535
Single responses	104,050	50,920	53,130	3,045	1,525	1,520
Official languages	100,430	49,230	51,200	3,020	1,510	1,505
English	99,685	48,880	50,805	3,005	1,505	1,500
French	745	350	395	10	10	5
Non-official languages	3,625	1,690	1,935	30	15	15
Aboriginal languages	310	145	170	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	310	140	170	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	135	150	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	185	90	95	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	105	45	60	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,305	1,545	1,760	30	15	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	85	55	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	85	55	0	5	0
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	135	85	55	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	40	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	35	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70	25	40	5	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	30	45	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	35	40	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	25	30	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,910	865	1,040	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	420	165	255	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	415	165	255	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	210	85	125	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	20	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	20	25	0	5	5
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	20	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	175	155	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	275	140	130	5	5	0
Bengali	45	20	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	45	30	20	0	0	0
Hindi	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	65	30	35	10	5	5
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,060	485	580	5	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	805	355	450	0	0	0
Portuguese	125	55	70	0	0	0
Romanian	15	15	5	0	0	0
Spanish	120	60	60	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	30	20	5	0	0
American Sign Language	30	10	20	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	470	245	230	0	0	0
Chinese languages	305	160	145	0	0	0
Cantonese	85	40	45	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	195	105	90	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	170	85	85	0	0	0
Burmese	15	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	435	185	245	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	415	180	235	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,135	965	1,170	30	20	10
English and French	190	95	90	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,920	855	1,060	30	15	15
French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	106,180	51,885	54,300	3,080	1,545	1,535
None	98,100	48,195	49,900	2,985	1,500	1,485
English	2,055	985	1,065	25	10	10
French	1,610	700	900	25	15	15
Non-official language	4,325	1,955	2,370	45	15	30
Aboriginal	775	310	465	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,550	1,645	1,905	40	15	30
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	15	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	65	20	45	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	89,665	43,510	46,150	2,380	1,195	1,185
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,035	42,210	44,825	2,290	1,150	1,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,788	42,383	30,720	42,411	59,883	28,405
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,060	42,210	44,845	2,290	1,155	1,135
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,668	28,209	37,669	51,392	26,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	77,645	38,270	39,375	2,160	1,115	1,045
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,308	40,147	27,413	40,631	58,944	25,643
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	64,845	29,750	35,095	1,320	520	800
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,517	7,340	7,595	6,160	7,872	5,248
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,870	31,345	30,530	1,840	975	860
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,053	39,489	30,074	42,069	62,528	27,552
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	89,665	43,560	46,100	2,405	1,215	1,190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,945	42,185	44,760	2,280	1,160	1,125
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,638	51,800	37,889	50,043	64,217	35,407
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,960	42,185	44,770	2,285	1,165	1,120
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,757	43,028	32,789	41,927	52,617	30,853
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	77,580	38,250	39,325	2,155	1,125	1,025
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,738	50,574	35,115	48,037	61,984	32,790
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	64,840	29,700	35,140	1,350	530	815
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,726	8,445	8,964	8,002	8,921	7,401
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,875	31,340	30,530	1,765	975	795
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,300	48,678	35,752	51,276	63,762	35,973
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	89,665	43,560	46,100	2,405	1,215	1,190
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	27,405	14,745	12,655	835	535	305
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,155	60,125	48,342	65,462	73,796	54,249
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,182	69,234	53,966	74,572	84,154	57,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.4	88.4	81.7	91.2	94.2	86.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.4	69.6	64.6	78.3	82.0	72.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.6	11.6	18.3	8.7	6.0	14.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	89,665	43,510	46,155	2,380	1,190	1,185
Without total income	2,630	1,300	1,325	90	40	50
With total income	87,030	42,210	44,820	2,285	1,155	1,135
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.0	97.1	96.0	97.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,050	4,490	5,555	305	85	215
$10,000 to $19,999	14,500	5,605	8,890	275	80	200
$20,000 to $29,999	12,530	5,050	7,480	270	95	175
$30,000 to $39,999	10,875	4,845	6,030	240	120	120
$40,000 to $49,999	9,745	4,625	5,120	210	100	105
$50,000 to $59,999	7,970	4,195	3,770	205	100	100
$60,000 to $69,999	5,750	3,400	2,350	160	100	65
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	2,515	1,680	140	100	40
$80,000 to $89,999	3,110	1,870	1,235	115	85	30
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	1,540	1,065	90	65	30
$100,000 and over	5,710	4,065	1,640	280	235	45
$100,000 to $149,999	4,210	2,975	1,240	210	175	35
$150,000 and over	1,495	1,095	400	70	60	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	89,665	43,510	46,155	2,375	1,195	1,185
Without after-tax income	2,605	1,300	1,310	85	35	50
With after-tax income	87,055	42,210	44,845	2,290	1,155	1,135
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.0	97.2	96.4	96.7	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,435	4,555	5,885	315	90	225
$10,000 to $19,999	15,225	5,930	9,300	290	80	210
$20,000 to $29,999	14,575	5,985	8,585	305	115	195
$30,000 to $39,999	13,075	6,040	7,035	305	155	150
$40,000 to $49,999	11,320	5,730	5,595	260	120	140
$50,000 to $59,999	7,615	4,450	3,165	225	145	85
$60,000 to $69,999	5,190	3,160	2,030	180	130	50
$70,000 to $79,999	3,735	2,245	1,490	125	90	35
$80,000 and over	5,885	4,115	1,770	280	230	55
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	1,550	830	95	75	25
$90,000 to $99,999	1,100	790	310	60	50	10
$100,000 and over	2,405	1,780	625	125	110	20
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	89,660	43,510	46,155	2,375	1,190	1,185
Without employment income	27,790	12,165	15,625	540	215	325
With employment income	61,870	31,345	30,530	1,835	980	860
Percentage with employment income	69.0	72.0	66.1	77.3	82.4	72.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,035	4,540	4,495	270	115	155
$5,000 to $9,999	4,675	2,075	2,600	110	40	75
$10,000 to $19,999	7,955	3,485	4,475	175	60	115
$20,000 to $29,999	6,685	3,020	3,670	180	65	120
$30,000 to $39,999	6,245	2,695	3,550	145	65	75
$40,000 to $49,999	6,255	2,730	3,520	140	60	85
$50,000 to $59,999	5,330	2,795	2,535	140	65	70
$60,000 to $69,999	3,830	2,275	1,550	145	95	55
$70,000 to $79,999	3,020	1,815	1,210	120	85	35
$80,000 and over	8,840	5,915	2,925	405	330	80
$80,000 to $89,999	2,445	1,460	980	95	80	20
$90,000 to $99,999	2,215	1,295	920	75	50	25
$100,000 and over	4,175	3,160	1,020	235	200	35
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	47,180	...	...	1,165	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,163	...	...	92,928	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,522	...	...	79,787	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	15,730	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,831	...	...	47,232	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,606	...	...	41,856	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	31,455	...	...	940	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,232	...	...	104,054	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,141	...	...	88,832	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	47,185	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,257	...	...	97,776	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,583	...	...	82,048	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,720	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,689	...	...	52,887	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,529	...	...	44,472	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	31,465	...	...	955	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,020	...	...	107,891	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,092	...	...	90,515	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	47,180	...	...	1,160	...	...
Under $5,000	490	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	740	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,755	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,980	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,285	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,890	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,070	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,245	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,080	...	...	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,035	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,880	...	...	75	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,450	...	...	85	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,100	...	...	75	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,820	...	...	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,880	...	...	525	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,005	...	...	175	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,240	...	...	130	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,465	...	...	150	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,175	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	47,180	...	...	1,160	...	...
Under $5,000	525	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	740	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,795	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,065	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,565	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,180	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,475	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,570	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,525	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,440	...	...	45	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,285	...	...	100	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,920	...	...	100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,510	...	...	110	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,015	...	...	105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,560	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,005	...	...	380	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,495	...	...	165	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,590	...	...	125	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,920	...	...	90	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	30,020	...	...	915	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,934	...	...	103,616	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,624	...	...	88,269	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	12,165	...	...	375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,694	...	...	92,245	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,540	...	...	78,592	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,255	...	...	415	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	120,765	...	...	122,368	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,640	...	...	101,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,745	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,634	...	...	67,328	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,923	...	...	60,544	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	30,070	...	...	940	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,021	...	...	105,603	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,772	...	...	88,676	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	12,165	...	...	390	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,517	...	...	103,063	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,641	...	...	85,041	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,315	...	...	415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,041	...	...	116,948	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,355	...	...	98,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,710	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,097	...	...	72,076	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,051	...	...	64,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	20,010	9,630	10,380	315	175	145
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,545	33,276	30,289	46,080	55,936	37,504
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,929	30,152	28,130	38,997	47,360	33,280
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	19,810	9,500	10,305	295	155	145
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,540	42,452	36,855	51,526	57,388	45,340
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,017	35,871	32,307	43,049	46,394	39,519
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	105,220	51,505	53,720	3,070	1,540	1,535
In the bottom half of the distribution	50,070	23,600	26,470	1,165	550	615
In the bottom decile	11,270	5,550	5,730	125	55	65
In the second decile	9,495	4,110	5,385	215	90	115
In the third decile	9,220	4,245	4,975	210	105	105
In the fourth decile	9,760	4,600	5,155	260	130	130
In the fifth decile	10,325	5,095	5,225	360	170	195
In the top half of the distribution	55,150	27,900	27,250	1,905	990	915
In the sixth decile	11,065	5,445	5,620	415	205	210
In the seventh decile	11,100	5,575	5,520	400	210	195
In the eighth decile	11,835	5,995	5,845	395	210	185
In the ninth decile	11,895	6,135	5,760	390	205	185
In the top decile	9,260	4,755	4,505	305	170	135
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	105,220	51,500	53,715	3,075	1,540	1,530
0 to 17 years	19,010	9,760	9,245	800	400	400
0 to 5 years	6,120	3,175	2,945	285	130	150
18 to 64 years	66,430	32,775	33,655	1,910	945	960
65 years and over	19,785	8,965	10,815	365	195	170
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,495	7,170	8,325	220	90	125
0 to 17 years	4,095	2,130	1,970	70	35	35
0 to 5 years	1,590	840	750	20	5	10
18 to 64 years	9,300	4,375	4,920	110	40	65
65 years and over	2,100	665	1,435	35	15	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.7	13.9	15.5	7.2	5.8	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	21.5	21.8	21.3	8.8	8.8	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	26.0	26.5	25.5	7.0	3.8	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	14.0	13.3	14.6	5.8	4.2	6.8
65 years and over (%)	10.6	7.4	13.3	9.6	7.7	14.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,100	4,585	4,515	95	45	45
0 to 17 years	2,170	1,155	1,010	30	15	15
0 to 5 years	905	485	420	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	6,540	3,295	3,245	55	25	30
65 years and over	390	135	255	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6	8.9	8.4	3.1	2.9	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.8	10.9	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	15.3	14.3	1.8	0.0	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	10.1	9.6	2.9	2.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.5	2.4	1.4	0.0	2.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	105,225	51,500	53,720	3,135	1,595	1,540
Official languages	104,795	51,340	53,460	3,135	1,595	1,540
English	104,735	51,295	53,440	3,135	1,595	1,540
French	8,295	3,630	4,670	110	70	45
Non-official languages	15,210	7,170	8,040	170	85	85
Aboriginal languages	1,675	735	940	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,680	735	940	0	0	0
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	125	35	90	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	110	30	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,570	700	870	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	920	420	500	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	660	290	370	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,550	6,445	7,105	170	85	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	445	255	190	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	240	185	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	400	215	175	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	30	75	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	30	75	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	275	100	175	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	45	20	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	235	75	155	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	55	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	50	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	125	60	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tamil	40	20	25	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,230	4,460	4,775	140	70	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,345	1,050	1,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	0	20	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,330	1,050	1,275	0	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	320	180	135	0	0	0
Czech	65	30	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,065	490	580	0	0	0
Russian	150	60	90	0	0	0
Serbian	85	35	50	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slovak	175	85	95	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	35	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	565	210	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Welsh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,050	465	585	80	35	45
Afrikaans	30	20	10	0	0	0
Danish	45	15	30	20	10	10
Dutch	170	75	95	10	0	10
Frisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
German	755	340	415	50	20	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	45	10	35	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	165	95	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	880	495	380	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	695	395	300	40	20	15
Bengali	190	110	75	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	45	25	0	0	0
Hindi	265	155	105	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	40	25	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	185	95	90	30	15	20
Iranian languages	195	105	85	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	10	15	0	10
Persian (Farsi)	175	95	85	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,900	2,395	2,510	20	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	3,680	1,820	1,855	0	0	0
Portuguese	430	200	225	10	10	10
Romanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	855	400	455	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Japanese	50	25	20	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	160	70	90	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	170	105	65	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	35	25	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	35	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	155	75	85	25	10	15
American Sign Language	85	25	65	20	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	55	20	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	870	415	455	0	0	0
Chinese languages	570	275	290	0	0	0
Cantonese	220	95	120	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	335	175	155	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	305	140	160	0	0	0
Burmese	80	45	30	0	0	0
Karenic languages	270	130	150	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Lao	0	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,065	880	1,185	0	0	0
Estonian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	1,860	785	1,080	0	0	0
Hungarian	160	85	70	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	105,225	51,500	53,720	3,140	1,595	1,540
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	102,835	50,285	52,550	3,075	1,560	1,510
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,020	9,740	9,280	840	430	415
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,810	40,545	43,270	2,230	1,135	1,100
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,390	1,215	1,170	65	35	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	105,220	51,505	53,720	3,140	1,595	1,545
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	94,650	46,300	48,350	2,920	1,490	1,435
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	9,700	4,735	4,965	205	100	110
Before 1981	6,285	2,930	3,350	130	60	70
1981 to 1990	805	430	375	25	10	15
1991 to 2000	820	420	400	0	10	0
2001 to 2010	1,145	610	540	35	20	10
2001 to 2005	515	300	210	10	10	0
2006 to 2010	635	310	320	20	10	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	645	340	305	10	0	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	870	465	400	0	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	9,700	4,740	4,965	205	100	105
Under 5 years	1,545	755	790	35	10	20
5 to 14 years	2,030	990	1,045	50	30	20
15 to 24 years	2,630	1,285	1,340	60	20	40
25 to 44 years	3,180	1,590	1,600	60	40	25
45 years and over	310	115	190	10	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,700	4,735	4,965	210	100	110
Americas	1,075	495	580	20	10	10
Brazil	15	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	55	25	30	0	0	0
El Salvador	25	15	10	0	0	0
Guyana	10	10	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	10	0	0	0
Mexico	45	10	30	0	0	0
Peru	20	15	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	725	320	400	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	135	75	55	0	0	0
Europe	6,545	3,135	3,405	165	80	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15	0	0	0
Croatia	185	110	75	0	0	0
France	70	25	45	0	0	0
Germany	520	255	265	30	0	25
Greece	80	40	40	0	0	0
Hungary	95	60	30	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	65	35	35	10	0	10
Italy	2,025	1,040	980	0	0	0
Netherlands	165	60	105	15	10	10
Poland	635	295	340	0	0	0
Portugal	220	115	105	0	0	0
Romania	25	15	15	0	10	0
Russian Federation	50	20	30	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ukraine	80	25	55	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,005	480	525	85	50	35
Other places of birth in Europe	1,230	515	710	15	10	0
Africa	265	180	85	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	15	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	20	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	170	100	75	0	0	0
Asia	1,735	870	870	25	10	15
Afghanistan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	120	70	45	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	240	125	120	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	60	35	25	0	0	0
India	175	120	55	10	10	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	115	70	50	0	0	0
Iraq	20	0	15	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	15	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	110	50	65	15	0	10
Philippines	235	85	150	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	0	15	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	35	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	455	230	220	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	80	60	20	10	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	645	340	305	10	0	10
Americas	125	60	65	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	85	45	40	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	0	0	0
Europe	55	20	35	10	0	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10	10	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0	20	0	0	0
Africa	40	25	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	0	0	0
Asia	405	220	190	0	0	0
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	60	50	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	40	15	20	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	40	30	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Philippines	40	15	25	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	10	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	45	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	105,225	51,500	53,720	3,135	1,595	1,545
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,890	5,395	5,500	225	105	115
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	20,185	9,780	10,410	445	205	245
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	74,145	36,330	37,810	2,470	1,280	1,185
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,565	1,875	1,690	85	45	40
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,450	800	650	60	35	25
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	635	455	180	15	15	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	820	350	470	45	25	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,250	595	655	20	10	15
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	840	480	360	10	0	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	0	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	105,225	51,505	53,720	3,140	1,595	1,545
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	13,490	6,365	7,120	145	90	60
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	13,245	6,220	7,025	145	85	65
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	10,165	4,760	5,410	50	20	30
Métis	3,050	1,450	1,600	95	65	35
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	105	85	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	135	60	70	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	91,735	45,135	46,600	2,995	1,505	1,485
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	105,225	51,505	53,720	3,140	1,595	1,545
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	9,340	4,350	4,995	35	20	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,885	47,155	48,725	3,105	1,575	1,525
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	105,220	51,505	53,720	3,140	1,595	1,540
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,260	2,460	2,805	20	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,245	2,445	2,795	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,915	2,280	2,635	10	0	10
Métis single ancestry	310	165	145	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	8,665	4,140	4,525	125	70	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	8,375	4,015	4,355	115	60	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,870	2,835	3,030	50	10	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,460	1,155	1,305	65	50	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	290	125	165	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	255	110	140	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	10	25	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	91,295	44,910	46,390	2,995	1,515	1,480
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	105,225	51,500	53,720	3,135	1,595	1,545
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	4,705	2,450	2,260	70	40	25
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	935	520	415	30	20	15
Chinese	745	350	390	10	0	0
Black	665	385	280	10	10	0
Filipino	360	150	210	0	0	10
Latin American	340	185	155	0	0	0
Arab	345	190	155	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	510	230	280	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	170	90	80	0	0	0
Korean	185	100	85	0	0	0
Japanese	225	135	90	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	200	95	105	15	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	100,515	49,055	51,460	3,070	1,555	1,515
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	105,225	51,505	53,720	3,135	1,595	1,545
North American Aboriginal origins	13,925	6,595	7,330	140	80	65
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,090	5,250	5,840	75	30	45
Inuit	100	35	60	0	0	0
Métis	3,040	1,445	1,600	85	60	20
Other North American origins	25,545	12,725	12,820	1,070	550	515
Acadian	110	40	75	0	0	0
American	1,200	565	635	75	40	35
Canadian	24,655	12,350	12,305	1,035	530	500
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	95	50	50	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Québécois	25	10	20	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	86,065	41,945	44,120	2,505	1,255	1,245
British Isles origins	49,340	23,710	25,630	1,890	910	980
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	28,760	13,815	14,945	1,100	495	600
Irish	19,530	9,240	10,295	715	345	375
Manx	25	15	10	0	0	0
Scottish	22,180	10,565	11,610	975	455	520
Welsh	1,975	920	1,050	85	40	45
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,890	950	935	65	35	35
French origins	17,165	8,275	8,890	430	245	195
Alsatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	15	10	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	17,145	8,270	8,880	430	240	190
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,375	7,490	7,895	1,015	485	530
Austrian	830	400	430	25	15	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	405	230	170	20	15	10
Dutch	3,530	1,730	1,800	290	135	150
Flemish	50	30	15	0	0	0
Frisian	25	0	15	0	0	0
German	11,165	5,405	5,760	725	355	365
Luxembourger	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	395	175	220	50	20	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	18,865	8,895	9,970	355	160	200
Danish	1,130	555	575	85	50	40
Finnish	11,795	5,595	6,195	0	0	10
Icelandic	700	320	380	20	10	10
Norwegian	2,920	1,385	1,530	175	85	100
Swedish	4,635	2,045	2,585	105	55	50
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	310	185	125	15	10	10
Eastern European origins	23,190	11,130	12,055	495	240	255
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Czech	275	165	105	30	15	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	270	115	155	0	0	0
Estonian	250	95	155	0	0	0
Hungarian	865	415	445	30	15	10
Latvian	200	105	95	10	0	0
Lithuanian	195	90	105	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	7,520	3,790	3,730	150	60	85
Romanian	475	155	320	35	15	15
Russian	1,245	615	630	65	30	35
Slovak	2,205	965	1,245	0	10	0
Ukrainian	14,100	6,730	7,370	270	120	145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	18,430	9,250	9,180	135	50	80
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,180	595	590	10	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	710	350	365	0	0	0
Italian	15,115	7,565	7,550	100	40	65
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	940	505	430	25	15	10
Serbian	165	85	90	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	305	145	160	0	0	0
Spanish	425	210	210	15	0	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	260	115	140	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	335	160	180	10	10	0
Basque	10	15	0	0	0	0
Jewish	140	55	85	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	155	80	75	10	10	0
Caribbean origins	390	225	165	10	10	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	55	40	20	10	10	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	175	105	70	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	620	285	335	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	35	15	25	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	15	60	0	0	0
Chilean	60	30	30	0	0	0
Colombian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Guyanese	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maya	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mexican	145	70	75	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	15	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	50	30	25	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	55	40	20	0	0	0
African origins	780	465	310	20	20	0
Central and West African origins	260	160	100	0	0	0
Akan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	85	55	25	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	40	40	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	25	15	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	30	20	10	0	0	0
North African origins	110	75	35	0	0	0
Algerian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Berber	10	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Libyan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	145	95	45	10	10	0
Afrikaner	10	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
South African	75	55	15	15	10	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	275	155	120	10	10	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	255	135	120	0	0	0
Asian origins	4,015	2,020	1,995	85	45	40
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	845	435	410	50	30	20
Afghan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	205	110	100	30	15	10
Armenian	30	20	10	10	0	0
Assyrian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	190	100	90	0	0	0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	185	75	110	20	15	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	80	40	40	0	0	0
Syrian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	15	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins	905	500	405	25	25	10
Bangladeshi	105	70	35	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	580	310	270	15	15	10
Goan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	25	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	80	50	30	10	10	10
Punjabi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	65	30	35	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,315	1,095	1,220	20	10	20
Burmese	55	30	25	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese	910	445	465	0	0	0
Filipino	380	165	215	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	340	175	165	10	10	0
Karen	275	130	150	0	0	0
Korean	185	100	80	0	0	0
Laotian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	140	45	100	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	25	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	35	25	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	125	65	65	30	15	15
Australian	55	30	25	30	15	15
New Zealander	60	30	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	47,185	...	...	1,170	...	...
Owner	32,770	...	...	1,050	...	...
Renter	14,410	...	...	120	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	47,185	...	...	1,170	...	...
Condominium	1,855	...	...	40	...	...
Not condominium	45,325	...	...	1,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	47,185	...	...	1,170	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	5,850	...	...	30	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,935	...	...	135	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,915	...	...	525	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,360	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	47,185	...	...	1,165	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,280	...	...	160	...	...
5 rooms	7,860	...	...	145	...	...
6 rooms	7,945	...	...	130	...	...
7 rooms	6,545	...	...	235	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,550	...	...	495	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	47,185	...	...	1,170	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,850	...	...	1,170	...	...
More than 1 person per room	330	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	47,185	...	...	1,165	...	...
Suitable	45,835	...	...	1,145	...	...
Not suitable	1,345	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	47,185	...	...	1,170	...	...
1960 or before	19,525	...	...	115	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,000	...	...	315	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,030	...	...	100	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,650	...	...	170	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,130	...	...	115	...	...
2006 to 2010	940	...	...	185	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	900	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	47,180	...	...	1,165	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	43,855	...	...	1,090	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,330	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	47,185	...	...	1,165	...	...
1 household maintainer	29,455	...	...	655	...	...
2 household maintainers	16,920	...	...	500	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	810	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	47,180	...	...	1,170	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,560	...	...	25	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,260	...	...	185	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,705	...	...	275	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,935	...	...	265	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,120	...	...	170	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,270	...	...	160	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,375	...	...	65	...	...
85 years and over	1,955	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	47,145	...	...	1,165	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,620	...	...	900	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,520	...	...	265	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,480	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,750	...	...	1,055	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.0	...	...	77.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.2	...	...	21.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,048	...	...	1,442	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	230,285	...	...	324,738	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	252,159	...	...	320,821	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,415	...	...	115	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	24.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.8	...	...	39.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	827	...	...	1,301	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	843	...	...	1,319	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	89,665	43,565	46,100	2,410	1,215	1,195
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,925	8,890	9,035	385	210	170
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	23,780	11,445	12,330	755	350	405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,960	23,225	24,735	1,270	655	615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,955	5,515	1,440	275	205	70
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,010	2,080	935	60	30	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,945	3,440	510	215	175	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,500	9,095	12,410	695	310	385
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,690	765	920	75	20	55
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,820	7,845	9,970	225	125	105
Bachelor's degree	12,710	5,325	7,385	180	95	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195	505	690	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510	290	220	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,760	1,325	1,435	35	30	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	645	405	240	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	56,595	27,745	28,845	1,685	820	870
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,680	3,630	3,050	175	105	70
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	14,300	7,145	7,150	530	240	290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,615	16,975	18,645	985	475	505
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,455	3,630	825	195	150	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,860	1,345	515	45	30	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,595	2,285	310	155	120	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,365	6,960	9,410	535	225	310
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,080	480	595	75	20	55
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	13,715	5,910	7,810	180	90	95
Bachelor's degree	9,705	4,020	5,685	140	60	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	880	365	515	15	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	190	175	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,255	1,010	1,245	25	25	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	510	320	190	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	89,665	43,565	46,100	2,405	1,215	1,195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	41,705	20,335	21,365	1,140	560	575
Education	3,800	1,000	2,800	65	10	55
13. Education	3,800	1,000	2,800	65	10	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,185	675	515	25	15	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	220	75	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	895	455	440	20	15	0
Humanities	2,090	890	1,200	45	20	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	25	40	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	690	235	455	10	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	585	195	390	15	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	115	80	10	0	10
54. History	360	260	105	0	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	105	20	85	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,030	1,500	3,525	75	20	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	10	95	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	95	100	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,205	145	1,060	30	0	35
22. Legal professions and studies	545	205	340	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	195	20	170	10	0	0
42. Psychology	1,140	290	850	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,640	730	910	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	8,910	3,045	5,860	200	70	135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,795	365	1,430	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,095	2,680	4,410	185	70	115
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,625	920	710	35	25	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	740	370	370	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	120	130	10	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	30	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	540	380	160	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	40	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,060	610	455	45	40	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	535	255	35	30	0
25. Library science	180	20	160	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	50	35	0	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,675	10,075	600	415	360	50
04. Architecture and related services	285	200	85	0	10	10
14. Engineering	1,400	1,235	165	20	10	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,430	2,205	225	85	75	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,225	2,210	15	105	100	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,740	2,690	50	130	120	0
48. Precision production	1,605	1,545	65	65	50	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,105	835	265	60	20	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	210	135	70	50	15	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	895	700	195	10	0	10
Health and related fields	9,135	1,720	7,415	200	25	175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	740	375	365	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	8,225	1,245	6,985	190	25	165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	170	100	70	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,340	1,950	1,390	105	50	55
12. Personal and culinary services	1,570	465	1,105	45	10	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	835	630	210	15	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	920	840	75	45	40	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	56,595	27,750	28,845	1,685	820	865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	20,975	10,775	10,205	705	345	360
Education	2,655	650	2,000	50	0	40
13. Education	2,655	655	2,000	50	10	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	890	500	390	10	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	145	80	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	670	360	315	10	0	10
Humanities	1,515	650	865	50	20	25
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	45	15	30	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	480	155	330	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	155	295	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	25	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	100	65	15	10	10
54. History	260	180	80	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	65	15	50	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,890	1,090	2,805	70	15	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	10	90	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	60	75	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	950	130	815	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	470	160	315	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	165	20	145	10	10	0
42. Psychology	855	200	660	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	1,210	510	705	10	10	10
Business, management and public administration	7,005	2,400	4,610	160	50	105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,480	290	1,185	20	0	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,510	2,105	3,410	145	55	90
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,210	680	530	25	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	590	310	285	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	80	90	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	15	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	405	270	135	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	20	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	875	520	355	30	25	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	670	460	210	25	25	0
25. Library science	130	10	115	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,540	7,055	485	305	255	50
04. Architecture and related services	235	155	75	10	0	0
14. Engineering	1,010	885	125	10	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,800	1,620	185	55	40	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,495	1,485	0	85	85	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,930	1,885	45	85	80	0
48. Precision production	1,070	1,030	40	60	40	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	860	635	225	45	15	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	155	95	60	35	15	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	705	535	165	0	0	10
Health and related fields	6,675	1,320	5,350	155	15	145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	540	255	275	0	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	6,010	990	5,015	155	15	145
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	125	70	60	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,505	1,480	1,025	85	45	40
12. Personal and culinary services	1,120	330	790	35	0	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	635	460	175	0	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	740	685	60	40	35	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	89,665	43,565	46,100	2,405	1,215	1,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,700	20,340	21,365	1,140	555	575
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	47,965	23,225	24,735	1,270	660	615
Location of study inside Canada	45,025	21,660	23,360	1,200	610	590
Same as province or territory of residence	42,190	20,290	21,895	860	430	425
Different than province or territory of residence	2,835	1,370	1,465	335	175	165
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,940	1,570	1,375	65	50	20
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	995	540	460	10	10	0
Philippines	135	35	105	0	0	0
India	165	80	85	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	335	190	150	20	15	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	85	60	25	0	0	0
France	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other	1,190	655	540	40	35	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	56,595	27,750	28,845	1,685	820	870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,980	10,775	10,200	705	340	365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	35,615	16,975	18,645	985	475	505
Location of study inside Canada	33,850	16,065	17,785	935	445	490
Same as province or territory of residence	31,765	15,075	16,690	685	330	360
Different than province or territory of residence	2,085	995	1,090	250	115	135
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,765	905	860	40	30	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	545	280	265	10	0	10
Philippines	115	25	90	0	0	0
India	85	50	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	135	75	60	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	80	45	30	0	0	0
France	25	10	15	0	0	0
Other	790	425	370	30	25	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	89,665	43,565	46,100	2,410	1,220	1,195
In the labour force	54,415	27,670	26,755	1,675	920	755
Employed	50,215	25,110	25,105	1,500	810	700
Unemployed	4,200	2,555	1,645	170	115	60
Not in the labour force	35,250	15,895	19,350	735	295	435
Participation rate	60.7	63.5	58.0	69.5	75.4	63.2
Employment rate	56.0	57.6	54.5	62.2	66.4	58.6
Unemployment rate	7.7	9.2	6.1	10.1	12.5	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	89,665	43,565	46,100	2,405	1,215	1,195
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	32,630	14,705	17,915	660	250	415
Worked	57,040	28,860	28,180	1,745	970	780
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	27,820	15,015	12,805	885	555	325
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	29,220	13,840	15,375	865	410	455
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.3	42.6	42.5	43.4	41.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	54,420	27,665	26,755	1,675	920	755
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	965	585	380	35	10	25
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	53,455	27,080	26,375	1,635	915	725
Employee	49,480	24,595	24,885	1,420	775	645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,970	2,480	1,490	220	135	85
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	54,420	27,665	26,750	1,675	920	755
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	965	585	380	35	0	30
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	53,455	27,080	26,375	1,640	915	725
0 Management occupations	4,320	2,530	1,790	160	95	65
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,720	2,045	5,675	265	60	205
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,315	2,735	580	120	95	20
3 Health occupations	5,345	1,115	4,230	95	0	95
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,750	2,555	5,195	135	35	100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,240	530	705	25	0	20
6 Sales and service occupations	13,415	5,805	7,610	330	130	195
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,010	7,630	380	395	380	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,035	935	100	75	70	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,310	1,200	110	40	35	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	54,415	27,665	26,750	1,675	920	755
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	965	585	375	35	10	30
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	53,455	27,080	26,370	1,640	910	725
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	735	590	150	40	25	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	705	625	80	100	80	20
22 Utilities	500	410	90	0	0	0
23 Construction	3,790	3,395	390	270	225	45
31-33 Manufacturing	2,845	2,415	430	85	65	25
41 Wholesale trade	1,385	1,050	330	60	50	10
44-45 Retail trade	6,555	3,110	3,440	140	55	80
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,715	2,145	570	110	75	30
51 Information and cultural industries	1,145	700	440	30	20	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,225	415	805	75	20	50
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	715	430	290	40	30	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,915	1,630	1,290	90	45	40
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,715	1,030	685	95	60	35
61 Educational services	4,750	1,600	3,155	80	20	60
62 Health care and social assistance	9,685	1,915	7,765	195	25	165
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,060	515	550	45	20	20
72 Accommodation and food services	4,400	1,715	2,685	45	20	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,340	1,105	1,235	80	35	45
91 Public administration	4,280	2,290	1,980	65	40	30
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	50,220	25,115	25,105	1,505	805	700
Worked at home	1,695	735	960	120	50	65
Worked outside Canada	100	70	30	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,350	3,950	1,405	275	230	45
Worked at usual place	43,070	20,360	22,710	1,105	520	585
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	43,070	20,360	22,710	1,110	520	585
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40,675	18,835	21,845	235	65	160
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,510	945	560	740	360	380
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	690	440	245	120	85	35
Commute to a different province or territory	195	140	60	15	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	48,425	24,305	24,110	1,385	755	630
Car, truck, van - as a driver	39,780	20,160	19,615	1,205	655	550
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,045	1,265	1,775	50	30	25
Public transit	2,110	925	1,185	15	10	10
Walked	2,225	1,085	1,145	80	35	40
Bicycle	630	460	170	0	0	0
Other method	635	405	225	35	25	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	48,420	24,310	24,115	1,380	755	630
Less than 15 minutes	23,750	11,110	12,645	325	140	185
15 to 29 minutes	20,020	10,425	9,595	290	120	170
30 to 44 minutes	2,850	1,580	1,270	275	180	100
45 to 59 minutes	530	260	275	240	135	100
60 minutes and over	1,265	940	325	250	175	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	48,425	24,310	24,115	1,380	750	630
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,775	1,285	485	170	125	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,930	3,425	2,505	315	200	115
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,800	7,415	5,385	350	180	165
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,325	5,575	8,750	285	90	190
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,495	2,265	3,230	75	30	45
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,090	4,335	3,755	190	115	75
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	58,670	29,635	29,035	1,780	980	800
Single responses	58,335	29,500	28,840	1,780	985	795
Official languages	58,235	29,445	28,795	1,780	985	795
English	57,900	29,345	28,555	1,770	975	790
French	335	100	245	10	10	0
Non-official languages	100	50	50	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	60	25	30	0	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	20	15	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	330	140	195	0	0	0
English and French	160	70	90	0	0	0
English and non-official language	170	65	105	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	58,670	29,640	29,030	1,780	985	795
None	56,800	28,780	28,020	1,760	975	785
English	295	110	185	10	0	0
French	920	445	470	10	0	10
Non-official language	630	295	330	0	0	0
Aboriginal	200	75	125	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	425	225	200	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	10	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	104,340	51,075	53,270	3,120	1,590	1,530
Non-movers	91,570	44,915	46,655	2,755	1,435	1,320
Movers	12,770	6,160	6,610	365	150	210
Non-migrants	9,120	4,425	4,695	60	25	35
Migrants	3,650	1,735	1,915	305	130	175
Internal migrants	3,240	1,555	1,680	305	130	170
Intraprovincial migrants	2,555	1,175	1,385	245	105	140
Interprovincial migrants	680	380	300	60	25	35
External migrants	410	185	230	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	100,330	49,025	51,305	2,940	1,500	1,440
Non-movers	67,440	33,030	34,410	1,570	775	795
Movers	32,890	15,995	16,895	1,370	725	645
Non-migrants	23,510	11,375	12,140	150	85	65
Migrants	9,375	4,620	4,755	1,220	640	585
Internal migrants	7,960	3,895	4,065	1,205	630	575
Intraprovincial migrants	6,215	2,970	3,250	975	505	460
Interprovincial migrants	1,745	925	815	240	120	115
External migrants	1,420	730	690	15	10	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Thunder Bay, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario and Carstairs [Population centre], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Carstairs [Population centre], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Carstairs [Population centre], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Carstairs [Population centre], Alberta