Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario and Springfield, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kenora, DIS Ontario [Census division]			Springfield, RM Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario Map : Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Springfield, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	65,533	...	...	15,342	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	57,607	...	...	14,069	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.8	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	31,191	...	...	5,667	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	23,931	...	...	5,459	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.2	...	...	13.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	407,268.65	...	...	1,100.92	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	65,535	32,895	32,640	15,340	7,825	7,515
0 to 14 years	14,440	7,375	7,065	2,895	1,520	1,370
0 to 4 years	4,850	2,475	2,375	910	475	440
5 to 9 years	5,075	2,575	2,505	965	505	455
10 to 14 years	4,510	2,330	2,185	1,020	540	475
15 to 64 years	41,820	21,040	20,775	10,320	5,195	5,120
15 to 19 years	4,630	2,455	2,170	1,020	535	485
20 to 24 years	4,485	2,290	2,195	875	445	425
25 to 29 years	4,210	2,130	2,080	685	365	325
30 to 34 years	3,845	1,900	1,945	790	380	410
35 to 39 years	3,755	1,820	1,930	1,005	490	510
40 to 44 years	3,635	1,790	1,850	1,030	530	500
45 to 49 years	3,860	1,930	1,925	1,125	555	570
50 to 54 years	4,685	2,280	2,410	1,405	700	705
55 to 59 years	4,730	2,395	2,335	1,280	640	645
60 to 64 years	3,985	2,050	1,940	1,100	555	540
65 years and over	9,275	4,480	4,795	2,135	1,110	1,020
65 to 69 years	3,460	1,780	1,680	855	445	410
70 to 74 years	2,145	1,080	1,065	580	310	270
75 to 79 years	1,595	755	840	345	205	140
80 to 84 years	1,100	525	575	215	90	125
85 years and over	975	345	635	140	65	80
85 to 89 years	600	235	370	105	55	50
90 to 94 years	290	85	210	30	10	20
95 to 99 years	70	20	45	5	0	0
100 years and over	15	5	15	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.0	22.4	21.6	18.9	19.4	18.2
15 to 64 years	63.8	64.0	63.6	67.3	66.4	68.1
65 years and over	14.2	13.6	14.7	13.9	14.2	13.6
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	1.9	0.9	0.8	1.1
Average age of the population	37.6	37.1	38.1	39.9	39.7	40.1
Median age of the population	36.5	35.8	37.1	42.1	41.8	42.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	23,935	...	...	5,460	...	...
Single-detached house	19,455	...	...	5,130	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	170	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	3,415	...	...	235	...	...
Semi-detached house	590	...	...	105	...	...
Row house	570	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	560	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,635	...	...	110	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	890	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	23,935	...	...	5,460	...	...
1 person	6,115	...	...	840	...	...
2 persons	8,120	...	...	2,120	...	...
3 persons	3,435	...	...	930	...	...
4 persons	3,035	...	...	1,040	...	...
5 or more persons	3,230	...	...	530	...	...
Number of persons in private households	64,615	...	...	15,030	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	51,095	25,520	25,575	12,450	6,310	6,140
Married or living common law	29,125	14,550	14,575	8,725	4,360	4,370
Married	21,030	10,510	10,515	7,700	3,850	3,850
Living common law	8,100	4,040	4,060	1,030	510	515
Not married and not living common law	21,970	10,970	10,995	3,725	1,945	1,775
Never married	15,195	8,410	6,785	2,695	1,555	1,140
Separated	1,610	765	845	205	100	105
Divorced	2,260	1,085	1,175	380	180	200
Widowed	2,905	715	2,190	445	115	335
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	18,340	...	...	4,645	...	...
2 persons	9,305	...	...	2,250	...	...
3 persons	3,915	...	...	935	...	...
4 persons	2,985	...	...	1,020	...	...
5 or more persons	2,140	...	...	435	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	18,340	...	...	4,645	...	...
Total couple families	14,230	...	...	4,295	...	...
Married couples	10,180	...	...	3,785	...	...
Common-law couples	4,050	...	...	515	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,105	...	...	350	...	...
Female parent	2,955	...	...	250	...	...
Male parent	1,155	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	14,235	...	...	4,295	...	...
Couples without children	7,075	...	...	2,045	...	...
Couples with children	7,160	...	...	2,250	...	...
1 child	2,780	...	...	820	...	...
2 children	2,525	...	...	990	...	...
3 or more children	1,855	...	...	440	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,110	...	...	350	...	...
1 child	2,235	...	...	205	...	...
2 children	1,135	...	...	115	...	...
3 or more children	735	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,120	5,270	4,850	1,220	695	525
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
One-census-family households	15,985	...	...	4,460	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	6,560	...	...	1,965	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	9,430	...	...	2,495	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,110	...	...	90	...	...
Non-census-family households	6,835	...	...	910	...	...
One-person households	6,115	...	...	835	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	720	...	...	70	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	65,150	32,735	32,410	15,265	7,805	7,460
English only	61,630	31,160	30,465	13,800	7,155	6,640
French only	45	20	25	0	0	0
English and French	2,985	1,350	1,635	1,400	630	770
Neither English nor French	490	200	290	65	25	40
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	65,145	32,730	32,415	15,265	7,805	7,460
English	63,675	32,010	31,670	14,825	7,580	7,240
French	975	520	460	370	195	170
English and French	30	20	15	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	465	185	275	65	20	40
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	990	525	460	375	200	175
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.5	1.6	1.4	2.5	2.6	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	65,150	32,735	32,415	15,260	7,805	7,460
Single responses	64,010	32,195	31,810	15,110	7,730	7,385
Official languages	49,585	25,080	24,495	13,660	6,965	6,695
English	48,490	24,515	23,975	13,250	6,750	6,500
French	1,095	570	520	410	215	190
Non-official languages	14,425	7,110	7,315	1,455	765	690
Aboriginal languages	12,575	6,270	6,305	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	12,560	6,260	6,300	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,755	1,460	1,290	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,740	1,460	1,285	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	9,805	4,795	5,010	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	3,980	1,965	2,015	0	0	5
Oji-Cree	5,830	2,830	2,995	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,845	840	1,010	1,445	760	680
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	20	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	195	65	135	20	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	5	5	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	50	115	15	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,405	655	750	1,390	735	655
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	385	160	225	395	220	175
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	375	150	220	400	215	175
Belarusan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	15	5	5
Czech	10	5	5	20	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Polish	120	55	65	70	40	30
Russian	15	5	10	120	60	65
Serbian	5	0	0	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	200	75	125	145	80	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	620	285	330	880	455	425
Afrikaans	0	5	5	0	0	5
Danish	15	5	5	5	5	0
Dutch	60	25	30	65	40	30
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	505	235	270	795	410	380
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	20	5	10	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	35	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	65	35	30	10	5	5
Bengali	10	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	5	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	5	5	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	0	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	310	155	155	95	50	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	170	90	80	15	10	10
Portuguese	75	35	40	50	30	25
Romanian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Spanish	60	30	30	20	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	5	0	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30	15	5	5
Chinese languages	50	25	25	20	10	5
Cantonese	30	20	10	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	85	40	40	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	45	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	15	20	5	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,140	540	600	150	80	70
English and French	155	75	75	40	25	15
English and non-official language	975	460	515	105	50	55
French and non-official language	5	0	5	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	65,145	32,735	32,415	15,265	7,805	7,460
Single responses	63,865	32,140	31,725	15,035	7,685	7,350
Official languages	57,400	28,865	28,535	14,580	7,450	7,135
English	57,160	28,735	28,425	14,505	7,415	7,095
French	235	125	115	75	35	40
Non-official languages	6,470	3,285	3,185	450	230	215
Aboriginal languages	6,105	3,120	2,990	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	6,105	3,110	2,995	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,555	835	720	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	4,545	2,275	2,265	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,755	905	850	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	2,790	1,375	1,420	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	360	165	195	445	230	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	35	50	0	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	25	35	0	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tamil	0	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	185	85	100	440	225	210
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	25	85	40	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	5	25	90	45	45
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Polish	10	5	10	10	5	5
Russian	5	0	0	60	35	30
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	20	310	160	150
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	20	20	305	155	150
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	15	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	15	10	0	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	0	0	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	35	40	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	10	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Spanish	30	15	15	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	5	5	0
Chinese languages	30	15	10	5	5	5
Cantonese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,280	590	690	230	120	110
English and French	50	25	30	25	10	10
English and non-official language	1,220	555	660	205	110	90
French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	65,145	32,730	32,415	15,265	7,805	7,460
None	55,245	27,835	27,415	14,485	7,435	7,045
English	3,135	1,650	1,485	170	90	85
French	625	295	330	250	105	145
Non-official language	6,115	2,950	3,165	340	170	170
Aboriginal	5,565	2,695	2,865	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	555	250	300	340	170	170
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	5	0	5	5	0
French and non-official language	15	5	10	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	50,235	25,120	25,115	12,215	6,220	6,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	47,935	23,890	24,045	11,705	5,980	5,725
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,431	35,708	28,081	44,239	54,037	36,081
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	47,950	23,890	24,060	11,710	5,980	5,725
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,275	33,154	26,390	37,871	45,110	31,352
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	40,625	20,695	19,935	11,190	5,800	5,390
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,064	34,958	25,528	41,155	51,351	32,780
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,270	17,050	19,220	7,340	3,175	4,160
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,072	5,122	8,048	4,764	6,200	4,336
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	34,915	18,160	16,755	9,520	5,030	4,490
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,117	31,915	26,651	42,220	52,416	34,440
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	50,235	25,120	25,115	12,215	6,180	6,035
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,005	23,890	24,115	11,680	5,950	5,730
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,419	45,690	35,197	54,127	64,532	43,322
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,020	23,890	24,130	11,690	5,950	5,735
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,690	38,247	31,168	43,004	50,237	35,494
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	40,800	20,715	20,090	11,160	5,780	5,380
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,749	46,347	32,946	51,921	62,218	40,851
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,280	16,920	19,360	7,280	3,095	4,185
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,780	7,775	9,658	7,230	7,797	6,809
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	34,915	18,115	16,805	9,520	5,010	4,510
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,799	43,854	33,349	51,599	60,632	41,555
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	50,235	25,120	25,115	12,215	6,180	6,035
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	15,595	8,275	7,320	5,100	2,970	2,130
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,805	58,194	44,858	62,766	69,264	52,855
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,973	63,397	49,708	70,064	78,112	58,850
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.7	87.9	78.2	91.7	93.8	88.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.5	72.3	65.8	76.5	77.9	74.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.3	12.1	21.9	8.3	6.2	11.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	50,235	25,120	25,115	12,215	6,220	6,000
Without total income	2,300	1,225	1,075	510	240	275
With total income	47,935	23,890	24,045	11,705	5,980	5,725
Percentage with total income	95.4	95.1	95.7	95.8	96.1	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,605	4,445	4,165	1,300	525	775
$10,000 to $19,999	8,040	3,325	4,715	1,415	515	900
$20,000 to $29,999	6,460	2,720	3,740	1,275	540	740
$30,000 to $39,999	5,605	2,480	3,125	1,270	530	745
$40,000 to $49,999	4,855	2,200	2,660	1,335	630	705
$50,000 to $59,999	3,860	1,940	1,915	1,130	640	490
$60,000 to $69,999	2,930	1,665	1,265	890	535	355
$70,000 to $79,999	1,985	1,205	775	785	480	305
$80,000 to $89,999	1,445	900	540	680	415	265
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	755	440	420	270	150
$100,000 and over	2,940	2,240	710	1,200	905	295
$100,000 to $149,999	2,300	1,740	560	895	665	230
$150,000 and over	645	500	145	305	240	65
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	50,235	25,120	25,120	12,215	6,220	6,000
Without after-tax income	2,285	1,230	1,060	505	235	270
With after-tax income	47,950	23,890	24,060	11,710	5,980	5,730
Percentage with after-tax income	95.5	95.1	95.8	95.9	96.1	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,790	4,475	4,310	1,380	540	840
$10,000 to $19,999	8,345	3,435	4,910	1,565	575	990
$20,000 to $29,999	7,320	3,155	4,165	1,590	670	920
$30,000 to $39,999	6,395	2,875	3,525	1,700	760	945
$40,000 to $49,999	5,620	2,785	2,840	1,555	850	705
$50,000 to $59,999	4,020	2,250	1,765	1,270	795	475
$60,000 to $69,999	2,645	1,575	1,075	1,000	610	390
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	1,145	720	645	430	215
$80,000 and over	2,950	2,200	755	995	750	245
$80,000 to $89,999	1,150	815	330	395	285	105
$90,000 to $99,999	705	555	150	225	165	55
$100,000 and over	1,100	830	270	385	300	85
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	50,235	25,115	25,120	12,215	6,215	6,000
Without employment income	15,320	6,955	8,360	2,695	1,185	1,510
With employment income	34,915	18,160	16,755	9,520	5,030	4,490
Percentage with employment income	69.5	72.3	66.7	77.9	80.9	74.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,150	3,235	2,910	1,130	610	525
$5,000 to $9,999	2,980	1,410	1,565	620	260	355
$10,000 to $19,999	4,635	2,215	2,420	1,035	435	605
$20,000 to $29,999	4,045	1,865	2,180	890	355	535
$30,000 to $39,999	3,665	1,620	2,040	880	345	540
$40,000 to $49,999	3,150	1,380	1,765	885	410	480
$50,000 to $59,999	2,495	1,245	1,245	835	455	380
$60,000 to $69,999	1,905	1,085	815	715	425	290
$70,000 to $79,999	1,385	860	525	650	400	250
$80,000 and over	4,515	3,235	1,285	1,880	1,340	535
$80,000 to $89,999	1,140	720	415	545	340	200
$90,000 to $99,999	1,015	640	375	355	240	120
$100,000 and over	2,365	1,875	490	975	760	215
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,198	...	...	99,716	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,934	...	...	82,606	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	6,115	...	...	835	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,926	...	...	46,635	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,421	...	...	37,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	17,820	...	...	4,620	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,437	...	...	110,261	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,829	...	...	90,927	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,081	...	...	115,817	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,604	...	...	92,083	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,075	...	...	830	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,189	...	...	56,121	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,896	...	...	45,043	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	17,855	...	...	4,630	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,977	...	...	126,514	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,736	...	...	100,513	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	23,935	...	...	5,455	...	...
Under $5,000	530	...	...	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	425	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	695	...	...	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,010	...	...	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,140	...	...	105	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	950	...	...	95	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,105	...	...	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,020	...	...	110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	980	...	...	135	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,030	...	...	160	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,995	...	...	330	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,790	...	...	340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,600	...	...	370	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,445	...	...	385	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220	...	...	380	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,000	...	...	2,710	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,460	...	...	820	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,710	...	...	630	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,820	...	...	785	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,010	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
Under $5,000	550	...	...	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	430	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	700	...	...	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,040	...	...	80	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,235	...	...	110	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,070	...	...	135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,170	...	...	170	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,135	...	...	150	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,180	...	...	205	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,200	...	...	180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,265	...	...	465	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,020	...	...	480	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,825	...	...	500	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,560	...	...	460	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,330	...	...	450	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,220	...	...	1,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,435	...	...	865	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,390	...	...	545	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,380	...	...	530	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	17,420	...	...	4,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,909	...	...	110,194	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,417	...	...	90,814	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	6,355	...	...	1,925	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,797	...	...	91,961	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,790	...	...	76,339	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	7,240	...	...	2,265	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,994	...	...	131,456	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,912	...	...	106,722	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.5	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,210	...	...	305	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,916	...	...	71,936	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,299	...	...	60,544	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	3.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	17,455	...	...	4,585	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,722	...	...	126,368	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,471	...	...	100,339	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	6,305	...	...	1,940	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	100,456	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,570	...	...	81,377	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	7,230	...	...	2,240	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,056	...	...	154,792	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,765	...	...	120,964	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,225	...	...	305	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,812	...	...	80,265	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,839	...	...	67,405	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,505	3,970	3,540	990	575	410
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,501	33,476	29,422	44,595	48,960	37,792
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,979	30,987	27,392	36,992	40,288	32,832
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,405	3,885	3,520	985	540	440
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,085	43,408	38,521	54,096	58,350	48,917
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,236	36,531	33,806	43,633	46,433	40,223
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,030	7,700	7,330
In the bottom half of the distribution	37,215	18,370	18,845	5,325	2,690	2,635
In the bottom decile	10,580	5,300	5,280	605	315	290
In the second decile	8,375	4,010	4,360	715	340	380
In the third decile	6,625	3,275	3,355	1,015	520	500
In the fourth decile	6,085	2,980	3,100	1,390	695	690
In the fifth decile	5,555	2,810	2,745	1,595	820	775
In the top half of the distribution	27,395	14,090	13,305	9,710	5,010	4,695
In the sixth decile	5,615	2,830	2,780	1,685	880	800
In the seventh decile	5,580	2,860	2,725	2,000	1,035	965
In the eighth decile	5,835	2,970	2,860	2,195	1,135	1,065
In the ninth decile	6,090	3,170	2,915	2,195	1,135	1,060
In the top decile	4,285	2,260	2,025	1,635	825	810
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	42,175	21,000	21,175	15,030	7,700	7,330
0 to 17 years	8,275	4,200	4,070	3,435	1,800	1,640
0 to 5 years	2,620	1,340	1,285	1,085	565	520
18 to 64 years	26,220	13,020	13,195	9,570	4,830	4,745
65 years and over	7,685	3,780	3,905	2,025	1,075	950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,645	2,120	2,515	920	455	470
0 to 17 years	1,315	645	670	275	125	150
0 to 5 years	485	220	265	80	35	45
18 to 64 years	2,515	1,180	1,335	475	250	230
65 years and over	815	300	510	170	80	90
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	10.1	11.9	6.1	5.9	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.9	15.4	16.5	8.0	6.9	9.1
0 to 5 years (%)	18.5	16.4	20.6	7.4	6.2	8.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.1	10.1	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	10.6	7.9	13.1	8.4	7.4	9.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,815	900	915	375	195	180
0 to 17 years	465	235	225	110	50	55
0 to 5 years	185	95	95	20	15	10
18 to 64 years	1,250	625	625	240	135	110
65 years and over	105	40	65	25	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.3	4.3	2.5	2.5	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	5.6	5.5	3.2	2.8	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	7.1	7.4	1.8	2.7	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.7	2.5	2.8	2.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,030	7,700	7,330
Official languages	64,140	32,275	31,870	14,995	7,685	7,305
English	64,080	32,245	31,835	14,995	7,685	7,305
French	2,985	1,330	1,655	1,395	615	780
Non-official languages	17,240	8,430	8,805	1,560	770	785
Aboriginal languages	14,875	7,360	7,515	10	10	10
Algonquian languages	14,840	7,350	7,490	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	3,125	1,635	1,485	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	75	40	35	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	3,075	1,610	1,465	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	11,765	5,730	6,030	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5,155	2,545	2,605	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	6,715	3,245	3,470	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,385	1,085	1,305	1,550	770	780
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	55	35	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	75	40	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	290	90	205	45	15	30
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	260	85	180	50	15	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,640	775	870	1,445	730	705
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	325	135	190	355	170	180
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	325	135	190	355	170	180
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	10	0	0	0	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	115	40	70	70	25	45
Russian	20	10	15	120	60	60
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	190	70	120	175	95	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	695	335	360	885	460	420
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	50	30	25	120	70	50
Frisian	0	10	0	0	10	0
German	550	270	285	755	385	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	60	30	30	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yiddish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greek	25	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	35	60	55	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages	90	35	55	40	20	20
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hindi	30	20	15	10	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	25	35	15	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	10	10	0	10
Iranian languages	10	0	10	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	10	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	515	260	255	265	145	120
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	180	110	70	10	10	0
Portuguese	105	50	60	65	25	40
Romanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Spanish	230	110	115	185	105	75
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	10	0	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	15	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	30	25	0	0	10
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10	10	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	15	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	30	65	15	0	15
American Sign Language	15	10	15	20	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	25	55	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	15	10	0
Chinese languages	85	40	40	10	10	10
Cantonese	35	20	15	0	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	0	20	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	40	10	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,035	7,700	7,335
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	63,795	32,070	31,730	14,635	7,490	7,140
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,090	8,805	8,280	3,390	1,815	1,575
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,705	23,255	23,445	11,245	5,680	5,565
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	820	395	425	395	205	190
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,030	7,700	7,330
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	61,895	31,090	30,800	13,970	7,145	6,825
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,565	1,300	1,265	1,035	540	495
Before 1981	1,380	760	630	495	255	240
1981 to 1990	230	95	135	120	65	55
1991 to 2000	265	110	160	105	55	50
2001 to 2010	445	245	200	240	130	110
2001 to 2005	200	110	90	80	40	40
2006 to 2010	245	140	110	160	90	65
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	235	85	150	75	35	40
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	155	75	80	30	15	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,565	1,300	1,270	1,035	540	490
Under 5 years	395	230	165	175	85	95
5 to 14 years	595	370	225	255	155	100
15 to 24 years	575	260	315	255	125	135
25 to 44 years	895	400	495	260	130	135
45 years and over	105	40	65	80	50	35
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,565	1,295	1,270	1,030	540	495
Americas	790	390	395	285	160	120
Brazil	15	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	10	0
Mexico	25	0	20	15	15	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	690	340	355	90	40	50
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	15	160	100	60
Europe	1,125	625	505	605	295	310
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	0	0	10
France	0	0	10	10	0	0
Germany	280	165	115	170	90	80
Greece	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	10	10	10	10	0
Italy	125	75	50	0	0	10
Netherlands	45	35	10	70	50	20
Poland	55	25	30	25	10	20
Portugal	70	30	40	30	15	15
Romania	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	40	20	25
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10	15	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	280	155	130	200	95	100
Other places of birth in Europe	170	100	70	40	15	25
Africa	140	80	60	35	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	10
Egypt	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kenya	10	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	15	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	65	35	20	10	15
Asia	490	190	300	110	55	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	35	25	15	15	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	10	10	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	10	10	0	10
Philippines	285	90	195	35	15	25
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	25	35	20	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	235	85	150	75	40	40
Americas	55	30	30	25	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	10	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	40	20	25	10	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	10	10
Europe	10	0	10	20	10	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	45	15	30	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	20	10	0	10
Asia	115	35	80	15	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	85	15	65	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	64,615	32,460	32,155	15,030	7,705	7,330
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,905	1,475	1,430	1,120	590	535
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,035	2,945	3,090	2,470	1,235	1,235
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	55,675	28,045	27,630	11,440	5,870	5,565
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,210	550	655	565	305	260
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	535	245	295	330	180	150
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	250	130	125	120	100	20
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	285	115	170	205	75	130
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	610	265	335	195	95	100
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	45	25	15	40	25	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,035	7,705	7,330
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	31,800	15,895	15,900	1,410	725	690
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	31,590	15,795	15,795	1,400	725	680
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	27,785	13,885	13,900	235	90	140
Métis	3,770	1,900	1,875	1,155	625	535
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	20	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	110	55	60	10	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,820	16,565	16,245	13,620	6,975	6,645
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,030	7,700	7,330
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	27,295	13,680	13,615	175	55	115
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	37,320	18,780	18,540	14,860	7,645	7,210
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	64,615	32,465	32,155	15,035	7,700	7,330
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	24,665	12,435	12,230	105	50	55
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	24,580	12,405	12,175	100	50	55
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	24,025	12,100	11,925	45	20	25
Métis single ancestry	535	300	240	55	30	25
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	85	30	60	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	80	25	55	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	7,050	3,495	3,550	1,400	695	705
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	6,810	3,400	3,410	1,350	665	680
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,075	2,030	2,045	365	165	200
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,670	1,345	1,330	960	490	470
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	40	25	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	240	95	145	50	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	230	95	135	50	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	32,905	16,535	16,365	13,530	6,960	6,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,030	7,700	7,330
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,040	480	560	360	185	175
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	140	60	80	55	20	35
Chinese	115	50	65	35	20	15
Black	175	110	65	115	80	35
Filipino	375	135	240	95	30	65
Latin American	55	25	35	15	10	0
Arab	65	35	30	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	35	15	20	25	10	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Korean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	20	10	10	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	63,575	31,985	31,595	14,670	7,510	7,155
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	64,615	32,465	32,150	15,035	7,700	7,330
North American Aboriginal origins	31,715	15,930	15,785	1,505	745	760
First Nations (North American Indian)	28,425	14,265	14,165	470	215	250
Inuit	90	30	60	20	10	15
Métis	3,520	1,765	1,760	1,075	550	525
Other North American origins	12,655	6,310	6,340	3,615	1,915	1,705
Acadian	30	20	10	0	0	0
American	585	295	295	135	80	50
Canadian	12,190	6,075	6,115	3,540	1,865	1,675
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	40	25	10	0	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	33,385	16,715	16,670	13,270	6,740	6,530
British Isles origins	21,570	10,545	11,025	6,655	3,305	3,350
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	12,240	6,010	6,230	3,995	1,945	2,050
Irish	8,220	3,945	4,280	2,300	1,065	1,225
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	9,960	4,985	4,975	3,235	1,620	1,615
Welsh	855	410	440	220	85	135
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	735	305	425	255	150	105
French origins	8,490	4,205	4,290	2,275	1,115	1,160
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,495	4,205	4,285	2,280	1,120	1,160
Western European origins (except French origins)	8,695	4,340	4,360	5,705	3,010	2,695
Austrian	355	175	180	205	110	95
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	160	100	60	465	195	270
Dutch	1,525	820	705	1,365	775	595
Flemish	45	10	35	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	10	0	0
German	7,030	3,450	3,580	4,210	2,180	2,030
Luxembourger	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	450	225	230	60	30	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	6,110	3,010	3,100	1,335	640	695
Danish	445	255	190	130	50	80
Finnish	1,080	540	545	125	85	35
Icelandic	520	260	265	415	200	220
Norwegian	1,590	725	870	340	150	190
Swedish	3,140	1,515	1,625	415	195	220
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	120	50	70	25	10	15
Eastern European origins	7,440	3,760	3,685	5,525	2,790	2,730
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	205	110	90	165	55	105
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	145	75	75	50	35	20
Estonian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	420	175	245	125	65	60
Latvian	45	10	30	15	10	10
Lithuanian	60	20	35	20	20	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,345	1,225	1,120	1,985	1,055	935
Romanian	130	80	45	40	15	30
Russian	505	265	240	795	380	415
Slovak	60	40	25	70	35	35
Ukrainian	4,845	2,415	2,435	3,850	1,935	1,910
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	15	10	0	10	10	10
Southern European origins	2,300	1,190	1,115	695	350	350
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	20	20	10	25
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	95	50	40	45	20	25
Italian	1,710	905	800	345	185	160
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	10	10	15	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	270	140	130	205	105	105
Serbian	10	0	10	0	10	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	140	50	90	50	15	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	30	25	15	25	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	155	75	85	80	25	55
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	65	35	35	60	15	45
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	80	45	40	15	10	10
Caribbean origins	80	40	40	70	35	35
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	35	20	15	45	20	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10	15	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	0	10	15	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	195	115	75	160	85	75
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	10	10	10
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	20	15	10	25	10	15
Colombian	20	10	10	10	0	10
Costa Rican	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guyanese	25	25	0	10	0	10
Hispanic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	90	45	45	70	35	35
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	25	20	10
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	10	0	10
African origins	260	150	115	50	30	15
Central and West African origins	35	25	15	10	10	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	50	35	20	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	40	30	15	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	95	55	40	15	10	10
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	25	15	10	10	10	0
Other African origins	75	35	40	25	10	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	70	35	35	20	10	10
Asian origins	845	370	470	325	145	185
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	100	60	40	65	25	40
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	10	10	15	10	10
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	10	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	35	20	10	10	0	10
Palestinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	10	10	0	20	10	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	105	60	50	85	40	45
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	75	35	35	65	35	25
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	10	0	20	10	15
Punjabi	15	15	10	10	0	10
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	10	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	625	255	370	175	75	100
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	170	75	100	60	30	25
Filipino	385	140	250	105	35	75
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	20	15	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	45	25	20	15	0	15
Australian	45	15	20	15	0	10
New Zealander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
Owner	14,285	...	...	5,215	...	...
Renter	4,885	...	...	240	...	...
Band housing	4,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
Condominium	310	...	...	200	...	...
Not condominium	23,625	...	...	5,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	2,230	...	...	135	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,825	...	...	815	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,655	...	...	2,375	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,160	...	...	2,135	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,435	...	...	440	...	...
5 rooms	5,015	...	...	825	...	...
6 rooms	4,565	...	...	915	...	...
7 rooms	3,140	...	...	915	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,775	...	...	2,365	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
One person or fewer per room	22,715	...	...	5,440	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,215	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
Suitable	21,680	...	...	5,340	...	...
Not suitable	2,250	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
1960 or before	5,635	...	...	590	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,945	...	...	1,570	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,015	...	...	945	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,495	...	...	775	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,395	...	...	340	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,275	...	...	540	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,180	...	...	705	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	18,815	...	...	5,165	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,115	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
1 household maintainer	14,780	...	...	2,490	...	...
2 household maintainers	8,625	...	...	2,925	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	530	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	23,930	...	...	5,460	...	...
15 to 24 years	780	...	...	50	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,410	...	...	595	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,910	...	...	960	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,915	...	...	1,340	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,055	...	...	1,285	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,360	...	...	825	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,875	...	...	300	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	18,085	...	...	5,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,880	...	...	4,695	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,200	...	...	570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,940	...	...	500	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,640	...	...	5,045	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	54.3	...	...	63.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.2	...	...	9.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	941	...	...	1,255	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,112	...	...	1,293	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,132	...	...	359,816	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	251,129	...	...	389,386	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,460	...	...	240	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	26.6	...	...	6.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	37.6	...	...	36.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	859	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	880	...	...	1,000	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	50,235	25,120	25,120	12,215	6,180	6,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,695	9,235	8,455	1,940	1,080	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,225	6,040	6,185	3,725	1,745	1,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,310	9,840	10,475	6,545	3,355	3,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,420	3,485	930	1,435	1,135	305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,110	1,470	635	600	400	200
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,315	2,020	295	830	735	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,415	3,805	5,615	2,600	1,230	1,370
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,000	380	620	445	205	240
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,475	2,170	3,305	2,065	785	1,280
Bachelor's degree	4,115	1,540	2,570	1,540	555	985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445	185	255	180	65	110
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	105	85	45	30	15
Master's degree	675	305	365	270	120	155
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50	25	25	25	15	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	32,335	16,070	16,260	8,400	4,215	4,190
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,780	4,685	4,100	770	495	280
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,020	3,985	4,040	2,420	1,120	1,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,530	7,410	8,125	5,205	2,605	2,605
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,200	2,570	640	1,070	870	200
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,575	1,155	420	440	310	130
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,630	1,415	215	635	565	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,465	3,065	4,400	2,055	965	1,095
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	725	255	470	310	140	175
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,135	1,515	2,620	1,770	630	1,140
Bachelor's degree	3,150	1,100	2,050	1,320	445	870
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	310	130	175	155	65	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	55	80	40	25	15
Master's degree	515	215	300	230	85	150
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	30	15	15	25	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	50,235	25,115	25,120	12,215	6,180	6,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	29,920	15,280	14,645	5,670	2,825	2,840
Education	2,105	605	1,500	515	115	400
13. Education	2,105	605	1,505	515	115	400
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	145	135	160	75	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	10	40	40	10
50. Visual and performing arts	215	85	125	120	40	80
Humanities	730	270	460	150	55	95
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	60	10	50	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	150	30	120	15	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	90	145	55	0	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	90	70	50	30	20
54. History	70	40	35	15	0	15
55. French language and literature/letters	25	0	25	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,870	580	1,290	535	170	370
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	30	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	50	40	35	10	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	55	660	125	0	120
22. Legal professions and studies	230	75	150	75	20	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	20	0	0	0
42. Psychology	255	75	185	95	15	80
45. Social sciences	520	305	210	205	110	95
Business, management and public administration	3,425	905	2,515	1,185	385	800
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	775	155	615	100	15	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,640	750	1,895	1,080	370	715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	515	270	245	190	105	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	80	130	85	45	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	65	45	40	20	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	130	95	40	50	40	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	15	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	105	225	150	85	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	75	150	140	80	60
25. Library science	65	0	65	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	10	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,655	4,445	205	1,925	1,785	140
04. Architecture and related services	50	45	0	35	10	25
14. Engineering	275	255	25	165	130	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	890	820	75	330	300	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,370	1,320	50	560	530	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,665	1,630	30	605	595	10
48. Precision production	395	375	20	230	225	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	840	635	205	270	200	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	165	100	70	195	140	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	540	130	75	60	20
Health and related fields	3,560	625	2,940	1,100	165	935
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	245	80	165	65	25	45
51. Health professions and related programs	3,270	520	2,750	1,030	145	890
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	25	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,985	1,245	745	365	210	155
12. Personal and culinary services	690	170	520	165	30	130
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	575	400	170	85	65	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	715	670	40	120	115	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	32,330	16,070	16,260	8,400	4,215	4,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	16,800	8,665	8,140	3,195	1,615	1,580
Education	1,560	440	1,125	360	70	290
13. Education	1,560	440	1,125	360	75	290
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205	95	110	130	70	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	35	10	40	35	10
50. Visual and performing arts	160	60	100	90	35	60
Humanities	500	190	310	115	45	70
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	10	50	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	85	15	65	15	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	65	120	35	0	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	15	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	70	25	35	20	15
54. History	45	20	20	15	0	15
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	15	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,540	420	1,115	485	135	350
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	25	0	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	40	35	40	10	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	645	40	605	115	0	110
22. Legal professions and studies	175	50	130	65	15	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	20	0	0	0
42. Psychology	175	40	130	85	10	75
45. Social sciences	395	225	175	175	90	85
Business, management and public administration	2,690	695	1,995	960	305	650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	130	520	90	0	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,035	565	1,475	865	305	560
Physical and life sciences and technologies	390	200	190	150	70	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	65	110	75	30	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	45	25	20	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	100	70	30	40	30	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	270	85	175	130	70	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	205	75	130	125	70	55
25. Library science	45	0	40	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	10	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,485	3,325	165	1,460	1,345	115
04. Architecture and related services	40	35	0	20	0	20
14. Engineering	175	150	20	135	100	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	720	665	55	245	215	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,035	985	50	440	425	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,205	1,190	20	460	460	10
48. Precision production	310	295	15	160	155	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	475	180	230	170	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	120	65	50	160	120	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	405	125	65	45	20
Health and related fields	2,640	480	2,160	915	145	770
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	195	60	135	65	20	45
51. Health professions and related programs	2,420	410	2,005	850	125	725
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	35	10	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,595	1,005	585	275	170	115
12. Personal and culinary services	520	130	395	120	20	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	475	315	160	60	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	590	565	30	95	95	0
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	50,235	25,120	25,115	12,215	6,180	6,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,920	15,280	14,640	5,670	2,825	2,840
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	20,310	9,840	10,475	6,545	3,350	3,195
Location of study inside Canada	19,230	9,330	9,895	6,200	3,180	3,025
Same as province or territory of residence	14,795	7,350	7,445	5,455	2,755	2,700
Different than province or territory of residence	4,435	1,975	2,450	745	415	325
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,085	515	575	345	175	170
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	535	275	260	135	75	60
Philippines	140	45	100	10	0	0
India	35	20	15	15	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	70	30	35	60	30	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	295	140	150	125	60	65
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	32,330	16,075	16,260	8,405	4,215	4,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,805	8,665	8,140	3,195	1,615	1,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,530	7,405	8,120	5,205	2,600	2,610
Location of study inside Canada	14,735	7,065	7,675	4,970	2,485	2,485
Same as province or territory of residence	11,505	5,675	5,835	4,345	2,145	2,205
Different than province or territory of residence	3,230	1,395	1,840	620	340	280
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	790	345	445	240	115	120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	380	165	220	90	50	40
Philippines	120	40	80	10	0	0
India	40	20	20	15	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	45	25	20	30	15	20
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	200	100	105	100	50	40
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	50,235	25,115	25,120	12,215	6,180	6,035
In the labour force	30,480	15,790	14,695	8,600	4,545	4,045
Employed	26,935	13,620	13,315	8,215	4,305	3,910
Unemployed	3,545	2,170	1,380	385	240	140
Not in the labour force	19,755	9,330	10,425	3,620	1,630	1,985
Participation rate	60.7	62.9	58.5	70.4	73.5	67.0
Employment rate	53.6	54.2	53.0	67.3	69.7	64.8
Unemployment rate	11.6	13.7	9.4	4.5	5.3	3.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	50,235	25,120	25,115	12,215	6,180	6,035
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	18,220	8,565	9,660	3,055	1,420	1,635
Worked	32,015	16,560	15,460	9,160	4,760	4,395
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	16,220	8,635	7,590	5,255	3,050	2,200
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	15,790	7,915	7,870	3,905	1,710	2,195
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	40.4	40.9	44.3	45.0	43.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	30,480	15,785	14,695	8,595	4,545	4,050
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,235	685	550	70	50	20
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	29,245	15,100	14,145	8,525	4,500	4,025
Employee	27,180	13,880	13,300	7,330	3,675	3,655
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,065	1,220	850	1,200	825	375
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	30,485	15,785	14,690	8,600	4,545	4,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,235	685	545	70	50	20
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	29,245	15,100	14,145	8,525	4,500	4,025
0 Management occupations	2,675	1,535	1,140	1,325	820	505
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,630	700	2,935	1,355	300	1,055
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,060	880	180	415	280	130
3 Health occupations	1,960	390	1,570	615	115	495
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,405	1,725	3,680	1,055	315	740
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	405	180	230	165	45	120
6 Sales and service occupations	6,730	2,950	3,785	1,290	515	770
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,330	5,010	320	1,900	1,775	125
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,225	1,050	175	170	120	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	815	675	140	245	220	30
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	30,480	15,790	14,695	8,595	4,545	4,045
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,235	685	550	70	45	25
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	29,245	15,100	14,145	8,525	4,500	4,025
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	765	570	190	325	205	115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,270	1,045	230	65	50	10
22 Utilities	360	320	40	135	95	40
23 Construction	2,420	2,200	225	1,070	905	165
31-33 Manufacturing	1,205	990	220	705	545	160
41 Wholesale trade	265	175	95	295	215	85
44-45 Retail trade	3,445	1,670	1,780	700	365	340
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,680	1,345	335	540	445	90
51 Information and cultural industries	275	175	100	135	65	70
52 Finance and insurance	485	105	380	315	80	235
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	180	145	105	40	65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	670	295	375	390	165	220
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	720	395	325	235	125	110
61 Educational services	2,890	880	2,005	740	195	545
62 Health care and social assistance	5,210	1,145	4,070	1,040	170	875
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	335	195	140	170	60	105
72 Accommodation and food services	2,375	980	1,395	330	125	210
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,125	505	615	405	220	180
91 Public administration	3,430	1,935	1,495	830	420	405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	26,935	13,620	13,315	8,215	4,305	3,905
Worked at home	1,050	525	530	775	380	395
Worked outside Canada	35	20	15	35	20	10
No fixed workplace address	3,085	2,375	710	1,180	930	250
Worked at usual place	22,760	10,700	12,060	6,230	2,980	3,250
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	22,760	10,695	12,060	6,230	2,980	3,250
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,155	8,350	9,805	1,030	445	590
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,140	2,060	2,080	310	140	170
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	240	140	100	4,845	2,365	2,480
Commute to a different province or territory	230	150	80	40	30	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	25,840	13,070	12,775	7,405	3,905	3,500
Car, truck, van - as a driver	19,675	10,085	9,590	6,840	3,700	3,140
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,860	870	990	385	95	295
Public transit	155	55	95	50	25	30
Walked	3,510	1,635	1,875	60	20	40
Bicycle	150	80	70	25	20	10
Other method	500	350	150	45	45	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	25,845	13,070	12,775	7,410	3,910	3,505
Less than 15 minutes	17,475	8,380	9,090	855	355	505
15 to 29 minutes	5,805	3,095	2,705	1,975	1,075	905
30 to 44 minutes	1,255	735	520	2,465	1,300	1,165
45 to 59 minutes	380	210	170	1,540	855	685
60 minutes and over	925	645	285	575	325	250
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	25,840	13,070	12,770	7,410	3,905	3,505
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,870	1,350	520	545	410	130
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,120	1,995	1,125	2,070	1,280	785
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,220	3,180	3,040	2,285	1,175	1,110
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,810	2,895	4,910	1,195	420	775
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,110	1,290	1,820	440	200	240
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,720	2,355	1,360	875	420	455
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	33,095	17,070	16,020	9,450	4,905	4,545
Single responses	32,650	16,865	15,785	9,400	4,890	4,510
Official languages	31,580	16,285	15,290	9,375	4,875	4,500
English	31,465	16,245	15,215	9,320	4,870	4,455
French	115	40	75	50	0	50
Non-official languages	1,070	575	495	30	15	10
Aboriginal languages	1,060	575	490	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,060	570	485	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	255	165	90	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	255	165	90	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	800	410	395	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	265	125	140	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	535	275	260	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	25	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	10	25	15	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	20	15	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	450	205	240	50	20	30
English and French	45	15	30	20	0	20
English and non-official language	400	190	215	30	15	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	33,095	17,070	16,025	9,450	4,905	4,540
None	28,690	14,985	13,705	9,185	4,845	4,340
English	830	420	410	65	10	50
French	295	145	150	150	25	120
Non-official language	3,255	1,505	1,745	50	20	30
Aboriginal	3,190	1,480	1,710	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	65	25	35	50	20	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	63,640	31,955	31,685	14,910	7,635	7,270
Non-movers	57,270	28,790	28,485	13,630	7,015	6,620
Movers	6,370	3,170	3,200	1,280	625	655
Non-migrants	3,690	1,820	1,870	370	170	200
Migrants	2,675	1,345	1,330	910	455	455
Internal migrants	2,590	1,315	1,280	885	445	435
Intraprovincial migrants	2,015	1,000	1,010	755	385	370
Interprovincial migrants	580	310	265	135	60	70
External migrants	85	35	50	25	0	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	59,805	29,980	29,830	14,105	7,240	6,865
Non-movers	42,330	21,355	20,970	9,940	5,090	4,850
Movers	17,480	8,625	8,860	4,165	2,150	2,010
Non-migrants	10,070	4,985	5,095	1,335	690	645
Migrants	7,405	3,640	3,765	2,825	1,460	1,365
Internal migrants	7,065	3,495	3,570	2,715	1,395	1,320
Intraprovincial migrants	5,220	2,565	2,660	2,305	1,200	1,105
Interprovincial migrants	1,840	930	910	405	195	210
External migrants	345	145	195	115	65	50

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kenora, DIS [Census division], Ontario and Springfield, RM [Census subdivision], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario and Springfield, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario and Springfield, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario and Springfield, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba