Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	London Ontario [Economic region]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , London [Economic region], Ontario Map : London [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	655,366	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	632,331	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	285,312	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	269,306	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	90.5	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,237.91	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	655,365	319,715	335,650	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	111,255	56,920	54,335	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	35,760	18,345	17,415	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	38,245	19,585	18,660	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	37,250	18,990	18,265	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	430,540	212,230	218,305	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	39,605	20,195	19,405	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	45,680	23,245	22,435	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	42,645	21,300	21,345	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	41,340	20,365	20,975	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	39,470	19,350	20,115	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	39,845	19,505	20,345	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	42,400	20,815	21,580	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	49,885	24,350	25,535	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	48,030	23,170	24,855	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	41,630	19,925	21,700	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	113,570	50,560	63,015	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	36,955	17,440	19,515	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	26,935	12,630	14,310	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	19,780	9,090	10,685	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	14,465	6,105	8,360	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	15,440	5,295	10,140	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	9,450	3,605	5,845	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	4,725	1,400	3,325	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	1,115	270	845	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	145	25	130	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.2	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	66.4	65.0	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	17.3	15.8	18.8	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.0	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	40.9	39.8	41.9	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	41.0	39.6	42.2	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	269,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	163,430	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,690	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	68,145	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,550	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	24,690	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,075	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,370	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	465	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,040	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	269,310	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	77,720	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	95,400	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	39,815	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	35,645	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	20,730	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	645,295	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	544,110	262,795	281,315	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	312,025	155,830	156,195	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	261,530	130,620	130,910	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	50,495	25,210	25,285	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	232,085	106,965	125,120	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	148,495	79,500	68,995	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	17,690	7,630	10,065	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	33,820	13,305	20,520	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	32,075	6,530	25,545	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	183,860	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	95,070	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	38,030	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	33,975	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	16,785	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	183,855	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	153,215	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	127,975	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	25,240	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	30,640	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	24,355	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	6,290	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	153,215	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	76,465	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	76,750	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	29,260	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	31,550	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	15,945	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	30,645	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	18,605	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	8,770	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	3,265	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	113,435	53,200	60,230	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	269,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	176,975	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	73,880	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	103,090	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	3,395	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	88,935	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	77,720	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,220	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	647,955	316,780	331,175	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	601,315	297,105	304,215	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	265	125	140	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	38,930	16,430	22,500	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	7,445	3,125	4,320	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	647,955	316,780	331,175	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	631,520	309,515	322,005	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	6,970	3,200	3,765	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	2,210	1,035	1,175	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	7,255	3,030	4,230	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	8,070	3,720	4,350	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.2	1.3	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	647,955	316,785	331,175	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	638,355	312,105	326,250	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	533,180	261,450	271,730	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	525,945	258,145	267,800	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	7,230	3,305	3,925	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	105,170	50,650	54,520	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	155	55	100	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	75	20	50	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	10	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	5	0	5	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	50	20	35
Woods Cree	0	0	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	35	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	50	20	35	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	5	0	5	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	60	20	40	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	5	5	5
Oneida	50	15	30	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	105,020	50,595	54,425	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,350	6,820	6,525	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	15	10	5	340	190	145
Kabyle	10	5	5	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	265	120	135	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	5	5	0	315	185	130
Oromo	15	5	10	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	240	110	125	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	13,055	6,680	6,380	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	260	130	130	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	10,815	5,540	5,275	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,050	525	520	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	210	100	105	145	80	65
Harari	0	5	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	145	80	60	960	505	460
Maltese	260	135	125	75	30	40
Tigrigna	260	130	130	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,950	1,355	1,600	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	950	445	510	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	2,000	915	1,090	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	2,175	815	1,365	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	10	0	5	425	205	225
Cebuano	95	25	70	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	0	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	25	5	15	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	180	85	100	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	10	25
Malay	150	70	80	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	765	370	390
Pangasinan	0	0	5	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,670	610	1,060	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	980	430	550
Creole languages	95	45	50	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	1,430	750	680	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	60	30	25	535	270	265
Malayalam	880	450	435	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	340	175	160	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	150	95	55	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	5	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	68,620	33,135	35,490	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	1,110	570	535	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	105	50	55	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	13,825	6,440	7,390	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	325	135	190	1,010	475	535
Latvian	100	45	55	415	195	220
Lithuanian	230	95	135	600	285	315
Slavic languages	13,500	6,305	7,200	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	15	5	10	65	30	30
Bosnian	670	335	335	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	80	35	45	1,545	790	755
Croatian	1,115	545	565	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	440	205	235	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	100	40	55	360	185	175
Polish	6,495	2,975	3,525	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	1,460	665	795	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	910	465	440	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	345	165	180	970	480	485
Slovak	410	195	215	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	115	155	695	320	370
Ukrainian	1,135	530	610	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	215	120	100
Celtic languages	50	20	35	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	15	135	70	65
Welsh	25	10	15	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	21,380	10,215	11,165	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	95	45	50	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	255	125	125	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	7,375	3,545	3,830	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	160	80	85	360	200	160
German	12,765	6,065	6,695	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	10	0	5	115	55	60
Norwegian	35	15	20	815	370	445
Swedish	80	45	40	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	550	250	300	320	150	170
Yiddish	30	15	10	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	55	30	25
Greek	1,960	975	985	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	9,270	4,790	4,475	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	6,100	3,180	2,915	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	465	235	230	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	840	440	395	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	870	475	400	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	105	60	50
Konkani	25	10	15	370	190	185
Marathi	90	45	40	1,510	775	730
Nepali	725	360	365	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	10	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,260	670	585	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	70	35	35	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	65	70	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	1,605	835	775	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	3,140	1,595	1,540	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	995	525	465	1,550	845	705
Pashto	185	90	95	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	1,960	980	975	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	20,925	10,075	10,850	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	15	10	10	75	30	45
Italian	3,700	1,855	1,845	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	6,765	3,245	3,515	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	970	455	520	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	9,455	4,505	4,950	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	35	20	15
Japanese	305	125	185	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	230	130	105
Georgian	5	0	5	230	130	100
Korean	2,950	1,370	1,585	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	545	255	290
Mongolian	0	0	0	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	710	350	365	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	75	35	40	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Edo	0	0	0	275	155	120
Ewe	15	5	10	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	230	120	100
Ga	20	5	10	145	80	65
Ganda	20	10	15	280	145	135
Igbo	50	25	25	1,165	625	540
Lingala	20	10	10	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	20	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	805	405	400
Shona	40	20	25	1,100	545	555
Swahili	140	65	75	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	10	5	0	280	165	110
Yoruba	75	40	30	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	85	110	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	110	50	60	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	225	130	100	830	440	390
American Sign Language	135	75	55	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	50	50	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,095	4,245	4,850	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	8,830	4,110	4,720	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	2,105	1,000	1,110	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	30	20	10	990	465	530
Mandarin	5,985	2,755	3,230	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	5	5	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	55	75	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	40	60	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	470	245	230	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	265	130	130	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	30	20	15	430	230	200
Karenic languages	210	105	105	795	415	380
Tibetan	5	0	0	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	260	115	150	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	170	85	85	1,020	485	535
Thai	90	30	65	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	475	260	215	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	45	25	20	365	215	155
Turkish	360	200	165	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	25	15	10	130	70	60
Uzbek	10	5	5	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	215	95	120
Uralic languages	2,095	975	1,115	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	60	20	35	190	90	105
Finnish	130	55	80	810	330	480
Hungarian	1,900	900	1,000	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	690	415	280
Multiple responses	9,605	4,680	4,925	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	1,415	630	790	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	7,660	3,800	3,865	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	270	135	130	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	260	115	140	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	647,955	316,780	331,175	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	627,620	306,940	320,675	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	579,760	284,055	295,705	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	577,740	283,120	294,620	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	2,020	935	1,090	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	47,860	22,890	24,975	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	35	15	25	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	15	5	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	15	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	47,820	22,875	24,950	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,465	3,675	3,790	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	5	5	0	200	105	95
Kabyle	5	5	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	120	50	70	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	0	0	0	280	160	115
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	120	50	70	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	7,325	3,620	3,710	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	115	60	60	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	6,225	3,070	3,155	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	660	325	335	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	60	60	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	55	35	25	460	235	225
Maltese	20	10	15	15	10	10
Tigrigna	105	55	50	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,795	825	970	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	530	240	290	960	460	500
Vietnamese	1,265	585	680	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	815	360	455	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	20	5	15	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	470	215	255
Ilocano	60	35	35	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	45	20	25	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	295	385	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	120	155
Creole languages	20	10	10	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	745	395	350	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	20	15	5	210	105	105
Malayalam	515	270	245	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	150	80	70	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	65	35	25	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	27,130	12,980	14,150	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	500	245	255	1,060	570	485
Armenian	40	15	20	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	5,605	2,685	2,915	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	60	25	35	410	210	200
Latvian	10	5	5	165	85	80
Lithuanian	50	15	30	250	125	120
Slavic languages	5,545	2,665	2,885	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	10	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	325	160	165	785	400	385
Bulgarian	40	20	20	825	415	405
Croatian	385	190	200	1,800	905	895
Czech	115	60	60	875	440	430
Macedonian	30	15	20	175	90	85
Polish	2,850	1,350	1,505	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	750	370	380	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	420	220	200	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	75	315	160	155
Slovak	100	45	55	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	30	150	70	75
Ukrainian	310	140	165	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	55	30	25
Celtic languages	10	5	5	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	5,460	2,655	2,805	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	30	15	15	1,705	835	875
Danish	15	10	10	150	75	75
Dutch	745	370	375	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	15	10	10	60	30	30
German	4,400	2,135	2,260	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	5	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Swedish	10	5	5	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	20	25	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	195	95	100	425	215	210
Greek	755	355	405	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	5,395	2,690	2,705	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	3,455	1,730	1,720	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	260	135	130	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	430	210	215	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	435	230	205	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	10	5	5	75	40	40
Marathi	45	25	20	845	440	405
Nepali	660	325	340	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640	335	310	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	15	5	10	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	1,480	750	730
Urdu	880	435	445	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	1,930	950	980	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	605	305	300	850	440	410
Pashto	110	55	60	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	1,210	595	615	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	9,375	4,325	5,045	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	5	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	880	385	495	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	2,550	1,150	1,400	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	375	185	195	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	5,560	2,605	2,955	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	145	70	70	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	2,205	1,010	1,190	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	0	0	0	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	185	70	110	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	5	0	0	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	0	5	0	95	50	50
Igbo	15	5	10	265	125	145
Lingala	10	5	0	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	350	175	170
Shona	10	5	0	410	190	225
Swahili	55	20	35	1,090	530	565
Wolof	0	0	0	170	95	75
Yoruba	15	10	5	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	35	1,525	765	755
Dinka	35	15	15	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	725	350	375
Sign languages	290	170	120	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	135	80	55	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	155	95	60	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,115	2,855	3,260	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	5,940	2,770	3,170	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	1,200	555	650	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	10	5	5	315	135	185
Mandarin	4,330	2,005	2,325	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	35	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	305	160	140	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	175	90	85	1,500	770	730
Burmese	15	10	5	280	145	130
Karenic languages	150	75	70	665	340	320
Tibetan	0	0	5	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	90	45	45	1,130	505	625
Lao	55	30	30	465	215	245
Thai	35	15	20	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	235	120	115	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	155	90	75
Turkish	170	85	90	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	20	10	10	80	45	40
Uzbek	5	5	0	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	70	35	25
Uralic languages	520	235	280	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	5	0	5	25	10	15
Finnish	10	5	5	105	50	50
Hungarian	500	230	275	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	240	140	95
Multiple responses	20,335	9,835	10,500	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	895	390	500	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	18,915	9,210	9,705	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	95	40	60	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	430	200	235	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	647,955	316,780	331,175	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	585,420	286,945	298,475	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	21,285	10,355	10,925	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	6,315	2,605	3,715	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	33,880	16,370	17,510	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	230	90	145	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	33,650	16,290	17,365	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	210	95	115	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	320	170	145	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	510	230	280	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	10	5	10	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	534,255	258,910	275,350	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	513,250	248,845	264,410	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,876	39,928	29,060	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	513,360	248,855	264,505	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,860	35,720	26,846	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	458,070	226,425	231,645	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,269	39,150	26,315	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	375,555	167,995	207,555	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,692	3,581	6,698	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	377,565	194,625	182,945	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,948	38,406	28,392	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	534,255	258,915	275,340	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	512,950	248,575	264,370	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,741	50,422	37,459	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	513,055	248,580	264,475	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,822	41,632	32,301	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	457,995	226,325	231,670	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,549	50,013	35,258	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	375,635	168,420	207,220	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,851	7,211	8,372	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	377,570	194,285	183,285	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,691	47,455	35,581	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	534,255	258,915	275,345	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	185,925	104,190	81,740	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,138	55,577	46,662	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,616	64,789	53,022	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.9	90.4	82.4	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	73.9	65.6	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.1	9.6	17.6	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	534,260	258,910	275,350	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	21,005	10,065	10,940	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	513,250	248,840	264,410	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	71,585	31,660	39,930	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	88,140	35,275	52,860	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	72,920	30,195	42,725	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	60,815	27,505	33,310	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	56,945	27,745	29,200	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	43,245	23,135	20,115	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	32,080	18,570	13,505	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	22,400	13,210	9,185	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	16,610	9,915	6,695	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	15,560	8,705	6,865	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	32,960	22,930	10,030	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	23,175	15,785	7,385	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	9,785	7,145	2,640	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	534,260	258,910	275,350	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	20,900	10,055	10,845	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	513,360	248,855	264,505	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	73,685	32,180	41,505	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	92,290	37,090	55,200	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	84,475	35,640	48,835	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	74,680	35,150	39,530	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	63,215	32,680	30,535	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	42,375	24,250	18,125	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	27,605	16,520	11,080	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	21,725	12,545	9,180	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	33,310	22,805	10,505	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	11,960	7,665	4,295	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	6,775	4,640	2,130	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	14,575	10,495	4,080	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	534,255	258,905	275,350	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	156,690	64,280	92,405	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	377,570	194,625	182,945	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	70.7	75.2	66.4	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55,415	27,825	27,585	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	31,385	13,760	17,630	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	49,760	22,275	27,490	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	40,560	18,395	22,160	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	39,570	18,035	21,530	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	39,200	19,455	19,750	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	30,990	17,350	13,640	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	22,975	13,715	9,260	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	16,590	10,105	6,485	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	51,125	33,705	17,420	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	13,405	8,030	5,380	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	13,155	7,485	5,675	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	24,565	18,200	6,365	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,279	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,859	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	77,720	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,420	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,208	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	191,590	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,585	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,658	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	269,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,313	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,150	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	77,715	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,361	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,699	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	191,595	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,519	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,718	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	4,620	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,315	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,960	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,400	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,310	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,015	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,910	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,215	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,300	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,100	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	22,475	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20,270	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	18,455	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	16,355	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,955	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	77,650	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	27,985	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,030	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	18,570	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	13,070	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	4,875	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,385	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,080	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,915	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,825	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,420	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,890	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,565	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	14,630	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,080	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25,705	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	23,015	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20,880	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	17,805	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,435	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	55,800	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,200	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,955	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,645	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	182,920	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,639	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,416	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	72,420	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,028	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,761	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	77,365	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,375	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,500	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	28,760	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,504	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,296	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	182,990	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,698	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,565	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	72,445	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,169	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,968	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	77,460	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,189	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,410	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	28,740	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,314	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,426	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	102,015	48,395	53,620	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,202	31,340	29,347	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,780	28,547	27,257	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	101,715	48,700	53,020	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,425	41,243	37,755	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,597	34,547	32,725	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	645,295	315,720	329,575	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	334,870	159,855	175,015	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	70,645	34,200	36,445	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	66,090	29,770	36,320	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	66,500	31,605	34,900	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	65,950	31,960	33,995	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	65,680	32,325	33,355	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	310,425	155,865	154,560	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	66,600	33,055	33,545	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	65,605	32,725	32,885	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	65,395	32,970	32,430	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	61,930	31,215	30,715	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	50,890	25,900	24,985	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	645,140	315,645	329,500	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	133,830	68,430	65,400	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	43,020	22,070	20,950	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	404,835	198,800	206,035	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	106,475	48,415	58,060	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	101,390	47,205	54,185	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	27,170	13,890	13,285	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	9,635	4,935	4,700	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	61,790	28,905	32,885	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	12,430	4,415	8,020	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	15.0	16.4	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	22.4	22.4	22.4	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.5	16.0	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	11.7	9.1	13.8	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55,565	27,355	28,205	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	12,875	6,585	6,280	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	4,685	2,405	2,280	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	40,435	19,815	20,625	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	2,255	955	1,300	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6	8.7	8.6	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.0	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	645,295	315,725	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	637,875	312,730	325,145	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	637,540	312,570	324,970	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	39,075	16,355	22,710	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	129,520	62,535	66,985	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	380	120	255	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	195	70	125	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	20	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	0	0	10	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	0	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	50	105	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	150	50	105	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	0	0	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	10	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	10	0	10	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	160	50	105	40	25	10
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	15	0	10	35	25	0
Oneida	130	40	90	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	15	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	0	15	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,150	62,410	66,740	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,230	8,875	8,360	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	15	10	10	540	335	205
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	420	185	240	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	0	0	0	370	235	135
Oromo	20	10	10	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	400	175	225	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	16,785	8,675	8,105	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	410	210	200	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	14,640	7,595	7,045	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,385	690	695	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	255	135	115	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	335	185	145	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	315	150	160	145	85	55
Tigrigna	420	200	215	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	60	40	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,985	1,880	2,110	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,305	640	665	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	2,695	1,250	1,440	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	2,970	1,140	1,825	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	25	0	15	330	150	180
Cebuano	140	35	105	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	0	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	35	10	20	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	245	95	155	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	205	105	105	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	10	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	0	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,615	970	1,650	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	235	125	115	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	45	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	1,860	915	940	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	160	80	80	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	1,060	505	555	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	575	305	275	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	210	110	95	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	85,910	41,410	44,500	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	1,210	610	600	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	165	65	105	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	16,200	7,930	8,270	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	350	170	180	1,360	660	705
Latvian	145	75	70	590	300	290
Lithuanian	205	95	110	775	360	415
Slavic languages	15,875	7,765	8,110	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	75	35	40	200	95	105
Bosnian	990	540	445	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	95	40	60	1,795	945	850
Croatian	1,610	825	790	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	550	280	270	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	180	85	100	535	270	265
Polish	7,605	3,665	3,940	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	2,480	1,180	1,300	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	1,475	755	720	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	470	215	255	1,095	550	540
Slovak	520	265	260	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	315	145	170	735	360	375
Ukrainian	1,290	580	705	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	250	120	130
Celtic languages	165	70	90	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	70	20	40	440	215	225
Welsh	45	20	30	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	450	220	225
Germanic languages	25,310	12,035	13,285	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	225	110	110	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	340	155	180	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	8,690	4,015	4,670	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	195	100	95	475	275	205
German	15,060	7,230	7,825	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	10	10	0	160	70	95
Norwegian	85	50	40	1,450	635	810
Swedish	225	110	115	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	610	330	285	380	170	215
Yiddish	25	25	10	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,020	535	490	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	2,980	1,550	1,425	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	11,780	5,900	5,880	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	8,475	4,290	4,180	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	545	260	280	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	1,065	570	490	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	3,250	1,725	1,530	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	80	45
Konkani	15	10	0	625	300	320
Marathi	115	55	55	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	855	425	430	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,195	1,170	1,020	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	125	55	70	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	65	100	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	2,655	1,315	1,340	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	3,415	1,670	1,750	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	1,035	535	500	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	280	145	135	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	2,270	1,070	1,200	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	40	30	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	30,460	14,570	15,890	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	20	0	10	170	95	80
Italian	5,700	2,820	2,875	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	8,750	4,285	4,465	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	1,255	605	655	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	15,660	7,270	8,395	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	250	130	125
Japanese	890	435	460	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	225	130	100
Georgian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	3,265	1,575	1,690	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	800	375	430
Mongolian	0	0	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	1,365	735	625	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	170	80	95	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	0	0	0	60	30	30
Edo	10	0	10	620	325	290
Ewe	10	0	0	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	300	165	135
Ga	20	0	20	345	190	155
Ganda	35	20	15	610	305	305
Igbo	100	55	45	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	90	55	40	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	30	15	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	25	35	1,155	605	550
Shona	65	35	30	1,810	850	960
Swahili	360	180	180	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	10	0	0	600	365	235
Yoruba	260	155	105	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	350	185	165	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	220	115	105	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	35	20	15	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	1,285	525	760	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	660	240	425	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	645	300	350	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,550	4,565	4,980	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	9,290	4,430	4,860	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	2,555	1,195	1,355	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	45	20	25	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	6,940	3,265	3,675	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	15	10	10	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	60	105	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	180	70	110	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	460	245	215	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	260	135	120	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	60	40	25	605	305	295
Karenic languages	155	80	70	805	415	390
Tibetan	10	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	300	130	175	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	220	100	115	1,520	730	795
Thai	125	45	85	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	730	405	325	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	110	60	50	630	325	300
Turkish	560	310	250	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	55	35	20	290	135	155
Uzbek	15	0	10	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	355	170	180
Uralic languages	2,485	1,195	1,295	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	60	35	25	185	85	105
Finnish	145	75	65	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	2,285	1,075	1,210	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	645,295	315,725	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	613,415	300,210	313,210	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	129,270	65,995	63,275	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	484,150	234,215	249,930	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	31,880	15,515	16,370	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	645,295	315,720	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	524,515	257,330	267,190	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,105	53,875	58,225	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	42,750	20,385	22,365	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	15,695	7,625	8,070	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	18,165	8,870	9,290	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	22,535	10,730	11,810	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	10,675	5,065	5,615	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	11,860	5,665	6,195	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	12,960	6,270	6,690	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	8,680	4,515	4,160	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,100	53,880	58,225	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	14,855	7,500	7,360	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	24,985	12,765	12,220	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	24,955	11,275	13,675	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	40,255	18,995	21,260	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	7,050	3,350	3,705	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,100	53,875	58,225	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	21,700	10,140	11,560	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	380	195	180	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	3,530	1,590	1,940	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	1,680	795	885	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	590	270	320	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	120	55	60	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	1,415	745	665	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	4,585	2,225	2,365	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	170	70	100	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	720	345	375	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	5,365	2,290	3,070	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	3,150	1,565	1,585	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	51,255	24,825	26,425	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,270	665	600	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	1,065	540	520	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	340	165	180	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	3,260	1,590	1,665	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	1,265	655	610	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	1,255	615	640	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	730	400	325	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	2,720	1,435	1,285	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	6,720	3,300	3,420	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	5,185	2,375	2,815	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	5,190	2,605	2,585	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	1,270	610	660	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	595	265	330	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	615	305	305	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	720	285	430	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	14,015	6,505	7,510	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	5,045	2,505	2,540	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	5,655	2,850	2,800	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	90	50	40	1,340	715	625
Egypt	1,110	585	530	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	325	155	170	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	280	130	155	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	40	20	25	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	375	195	180	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	225	110	120	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	575	315	260	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	2,625	1,295	1,330	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	33,080	15,800	17,275	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	615	300	310	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	345	170	175	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,990	1,745	2,245	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	715	345	370	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	3,775	1,905	1,870	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,175	565	615	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	2,775	1,405	1,370	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	230	70	165	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,220	1,050	1,165	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	1,820	955	865	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	1,660	845	815	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	2,610	945	1,665	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	270	125	145	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,140	1,050	1,090	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	180	75	105	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	1,935	865	1,070	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	6,625	3,390	3,235	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	415	255	165	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	12,960	6,270	6,690	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	2,640	1,215	1,425	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	45	20	20	860	370	490
Colombia	635	240	390	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	80	30	45	465	215	255
Haiti	50	25	25	385	240	150
Jamaica	185	120	65	1,660	765	895
Mexico	465	245	220	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	640	295	350	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	85	40	45	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	450	200	250	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	1,095	585	505	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	35	15	15	425	240	180
Germany	65	35	30	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	15	10	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	715	365	350
Romania	45	20	30	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	90	20	60	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	95	35	60	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	300	195	105	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	440	250	190	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	1,135	565	565	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	15	10	0	255	115	135
Cameroon	60	25	30	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	30	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	420	210	210
Egypt	300	155	145	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	65	45	25	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	15	0	10	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	0	0	10	515	265	250
Nigeria	105	55	50	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	35	25	15	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	15	0	10	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	375	170	210	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	8,050	3,885	4,165	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	125	60	60	810	435	375
Bangladesh	105	60	45	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	980	435	545	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	750	305	450
India	1,035	545	490	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	265	130	135	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	925	450	475	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	20	10	10	480	250	230
Japan	65	25	35	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	415	210	200	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	205	100	110	1,470	755	710
Nepal	250	130	115	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	265	145	125	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	635	245	385	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	175	80	100	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	45	30	20	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,240	625	615	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	25	10	15	505	165	340
Turkey	85	45	40	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	170	105	65	810	430	375
Viet Nam	70	15	55	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	945	440	500	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	55	20	30	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	35	0	30	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	15	10	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	645,295	315,725	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	124,110	60,170	63,940	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	131,005	65,010	65,995	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	390,185	190,540	199,640	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	70,575	34,100	36,480	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	29,080	14,690	14,390	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	9,820	6,720	3,105	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	19,265	7,970	11,290	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	19,305	7,860	11,445	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	21,465	11,220	10,245	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	725	335	395	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	645,295	315,720	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,175	7,035	8,140	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,645	6,810	7,835	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	10,575	4,900	5,675	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	3,955	1,825	2,125	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	115	80	35	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	135	55	80	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	395	170	220	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	630,120	308,685	321,435	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	645,295	315,720	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,765	2,945	3,815	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	638,530	312,775	325,760	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	645,300	315,725	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,645	1,680	1,965	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,610	1,660	1,950	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	3,200	1,430	1,765	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	365	195	170	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	50	35	15	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	15	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	20	0	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	19,345	8,895	10,445	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	19,020	8,755	10,270	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	14,690	6,735	7,950	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,135	1,925	2,215	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	100	100	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	320	140	180	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	285	115	170	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	10	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	622,305	305,145	317,160	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	645,295	315,720	329,575	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	82,490	40,790	41,700	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	12,740	6,495	6,245	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	11,010	5,170	5,840	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	13,140	6,790	6,345	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	4,125	1,730	2,390	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	9,855	4,750	5,105	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	13,895	7,245	6,650	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,455	2,670	2,785	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	3,325	1,590	1,740	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	3,520	1,680	1,845	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	810	365	445	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,030	1,065	965	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,575	1,230	1,340	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	562,805	274,935	287,875	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	645,295	315,720	329,575	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	22,990	10,580	12,415	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,240	8,325	9,910	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	290	160	130	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	4,815	2,260	2,560	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	192,495	94,080	98,415	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	630	300	330	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	8,325	3,945	4,380	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	186,825	91,400	95,425	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	430	190	240	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	40	15	20	190	115	70
Ontarian	60	30	30	110	65	45
Québécois	175	60	110	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	10	10	415	210	205
European origins	481,285	234,190	247,095	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	325,840	157,115	168,725	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	10	0	15	225	115	115
Cornish	50	30	25	210	90	115
English	201,055	96,125	104,930	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	127,730	59,685	68,050	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	155	105	50	945	450	495
Scottish	144,870	69,615	75,255	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	12,560	6,015	6,550	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20,810	9,535	11,280	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	60,160	27,775	32,380	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	70	20	50	200	120	80
Breton	10	0	0	60	25	35
Corsican	0	10	0	125	65	70
French	60,105	27,760	32,345	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	155,330	75,880	79,455	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	2,955	1,505	1,455	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	20	15	10	110	60	55
Belgian	9,500	4,670	4,830	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	60,730	30,130	30,605	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	550	265	285	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	380	185	190	685	380	305
German	91,775	44,300	47,470	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	15	0	10	680	355	320
Swiss	3,485	1,705	1,785	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	55	35	20	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	12,565	5,860	6,710	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	3,465	1,735	1,725	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	2,025	875	1,145	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	495	240	255	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	3,095	1,440	1,655	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	3,240	1,410	1,825	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	950	445	500	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	64,115	31,295	32,825	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	430	185	250	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	550	270	280	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	2,160	1,095	1,060	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	970	465	505	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	375	185	195	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	12,110	6,000	6,110	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	520	260	260	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	1,685	850	830	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	25	10	10	1,585	790	790
Polish	24,485	11,805	12,680	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	3,850	1,845	2,010	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	8,540	4,120	4,415	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	2,095	1,065	1,035	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	15,105	7,390	7,715	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	180	90	90	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	64,375	32,175	32,200	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	1,320	645	670	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	1,220	680	535	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	20	10	0	85	55	25
Croatian	3,500	1,795	1,705	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	220	85	135	160	90	70
Greek	6,045	3,030	3,020	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	26,425	13,090	13,335	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	190	105	85	420	210	210
Macedonian	525	250	275	1,015	485	535
Maltese	2,255	1,100	1,155	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	95	50	45	290	185	105
Portuguese	15,635	8,060	7,575	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	2,110	1,055	1,060	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	165	65	100	330	160	170
Slovenian	1,210	640	575	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	6,200	2,850	3,355	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,610	755	860	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	50	25	25	245	120	125
Other European origins	2,700	1,335	1,370	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	35	15	20	425	210	215
Jewish	1,270	570	695	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	60	15	45	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	105	70	40	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,230	660	565	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	8,380	4,325	4,055	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	15	10	15	455	265	190
Bahamian	165	95	70	310	180	130
Barbadian	715	390	330	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	80	40	35	210	120	90
Carib	15	10	10	135	45	85
Cuban	425	195	230	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	200	95	105	930	530	395
Grenadian	190	100	90	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	225	125	95	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	4,470	2,310	2,160	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	15	10	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	40	25	15	460	225	240
St. Lucian	70	40	30	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,190	635	550	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	95	65	30	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	685	305	380	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	295	155	140	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	15,845	7,725	8,120	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	380	190	190	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	15	0	10	105	30	70
Argentinian	210	100	110	1,385	705	680
Belizean	45	25	25	445	250	190
Bolivian	45	15	25	590	305	285
Brazilian	420	210	210	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	375	190	190	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	4,515	2,095	2,415	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	85	35	50	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	85	45	40	890	405	485
Guatemalan	380	205	175	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	1,010	485	530	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	315	140	180	1,785	905	885
Honduran	240	130	110	760	405	355
Maya	115	75	45	580	310	275
Mexican	4,495	2,225	2,270	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	555	285	265	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	35	25	10	320	150	170
Paraguayan	25	15	10	340	155	190
Peruvian	330	180	155	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	2,050	1,000	1,050	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	20	10	10	315	180	135
Venezuelan	360	145	210	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	475	255	225	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	11,145	5,795	5,345	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	1,620	830	795	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	0	0	0	130	80	50
Angolan	50	30	20	295	155	140
Ashanti	25	10	25	130	70	55
Beninese	0	0	0	200	90	105
Burkinabe	0	0	0	100	50	50
Cameroonian	100	45	55	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Congolese	220	115	105	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	0	0	0	555	320	235
Ewe	0	0	0	125	70	55
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	0	10	0	110	60	50
Ghanaian	355	180	175	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	15	10	0	455	235	215
Ibo	30	20	10	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	20	0	15	655	355	295
Liberian	105	40	65	1,040	495	540
Malian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Malinké	15	10	15	95	55	45
Nigerian	530	290	245	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	0	0	0	105	70	35
Senegalese	10	0	0	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	0	0	10	740	395	345
Togolese	0	0	0	150	70	80
Wolof	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	140	55	80	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	80	50	30	1,865	985	875
North African origins	3,315	1,855	1,465	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	100	45	50	1,620	805	815
Berber	30	15	20	685	415	270
Coptic	50	25	20	225	115	110
Dinka	80	35	50	565	320	250
Egyptian	1,815	1,010	805	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	255	135	120	1,300	665	635
Maure	0	0	0	95	70	25
Moroccan	105	40	65	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	830	495	340	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	85	45	35	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	50	25	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	3,410	1,690	1,720	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	10	0	10	315	155	160
Amhara	30	10	20	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	50	25	25	700	395	310
Burundian	75	45	30	975	555	420
Djiboutian	55	25	25	170	90	75
Eritrean	575	300	270	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	635	295	340	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	10	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	125	60	60	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	0	0	10	125	55	70
Mauritian	30	20	0	550	310	235
Oromo	25	0	20	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	110	35	70	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	10	0	0	35	25	10
Somali	620	290	330	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	695	370	325	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	30	20	10	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	25	15	15	700	380	320
Ugandan	115	55	60	1,155	645	510
Zambian	10	0	10	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	110	55	55	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	20	10	10	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	255	115	135	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	2,955	1,510	1,450	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	450	230	220	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,520	1,285	1,230	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	61,555	29,945	31,615	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	21,630	10,960	10,670	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	920	445	480	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	2,750	1,445	1,305	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	415	160	255	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	1,100	565	535	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	70	35	35	615	280	335
Georgian	0	0	10	400	230	165
Hazara	15	10	10	365	190	170
Iranian	1,890	945	945	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	2,575	1,305	1,270	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	165	95	65	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	630	345	285	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	25	15	10	565	260	310
Kurd	1,005	530	470	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	35	20	15	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	200	110	90
Lebanese	5,140	2,615	2,520	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	2,400	1,180	1,225	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	35	15	15	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	310	165	140	390	205	180
Syrian	2,290	1,105	1,180	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	40	20	15	265	160	105
Tatar	30	15	15	530	215	315
Turk	1,140	595	545	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	50	35	15	105	55	50
Uighur	50	35	15	270	125	140
Uzbek	40	20	15	485	225	260
Yemeni	85	30	50	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	990	540	450	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	13,245	6,665	6,580	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	285	150	140	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	230	95	135	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	515	220	295	815	410	400
East Indian	9,180	4,675	4,505	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	70	35	35	495	265	225
Gujarati	10	0	0	855	445	410
Kashmiri	20	10	10	720	355	365
Nepali	420	225	195	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	1,935	1,000	940	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	350	180	170	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	110	50	60	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	355	160	195	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	120	60	60	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	635	300	335	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	27,140	12,530	14,615	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	225	135	85	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,720	835	885	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	12,830	5,905	6,925	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	4,715	2,005	2,710	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	20	20	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	340	165	175	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	1,040	455	585	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	125	60	60	740	390	345
Korean	3,590	1,705	1,885	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	345	190	160	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	120	45	75	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	110	55	55	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	20	15	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	135	70	70	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	225	105	120	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	20	10	10	965	500	465
Vietnamese	3,370	1,560	1,805	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	70	35	40	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	315	155	160	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	310	155	155	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	915	420	490	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	605	315	295	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	195	60	140	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	120	50	70	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	35	10	30	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	10	0	0	425	190	235
Maori	45	25	20	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	205	105	95
Samoan	10	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	20	10	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	179,725	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	89,585	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	269,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	28,050	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	241,255	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	740	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	32,510	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	63,200	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	106,895	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	65,955	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	269,310	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	58,135	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	34,425	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	40,740	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	39,710	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,295	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	269,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	266,505	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,800	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	269,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	259,430	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	9,880	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	76,865	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	78,485	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	35,595	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	30,225	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	16,225	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	18,075	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	13,840	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	253,040	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	16,265	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	269,310	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	157,970	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	106,430	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	4,905	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	269,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,755	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	39,120	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	43,125	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	53,425	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	52,835	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	39,005	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,420	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	8,620	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	264,570	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	200,330	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	64,240	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	55,770	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	175,565	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.5	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.9	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,105	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,402	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,142	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	89,240	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.1	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.7	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	869	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	925	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	534,255	258,915	275,340	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	101,575	51,830	49,740	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	153,265	77,165	76,105	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	279,415	129,920	149,495	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35,240	25,025	10,220	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	16,850	10,155	6,695	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,395	14,865	3,525	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,695	53,925	74,770	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,835	3,975	4,865	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	106,645	47,000	59,645	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	69,805	28,965	40,850	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,385	3,010	4,370	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,245	2,365	1,875	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	19,830	9,210	10,625	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,380	3,460	1,920	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	342,900	166,730	176,170	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	39,770	22,065	17,705	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	90,635	47,760	42,875	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	212,490	96,900	115,585	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,670	16,895	6,775	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	11,450	6,985	4,465	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,220	9,905	2,315	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	99,955	42,285	57,670	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,080	2,795	3,285	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	82,785	34,925	47,860	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	53,570	21,535	32,030	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,510	2,100	3,415	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,380	1,675	1,705	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	16,125	7,090	9,035	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,200	2,525	1,675	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	534,255	258,915	275,345	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	254,835	128,990	125,850	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	16,255	4,045	12,215	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	16,260	4,045	12,215	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,135	4,475	5,660	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,940	1,480	460	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	8,195	2,995	5,195	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	15,625	6,170	9,455	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,065	225	840	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	4,290	1,270	3,015	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,325	1,265	2,060	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	135	25	110	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,265	710	560	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,755	1,040	715	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	2,825	1,495	1,325	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	970	135	835	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35,405	10,710	24,695	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	335	35	300	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,240	970	1,270	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,350	605	7,740	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	5,030	1,410	3,625	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	655	170	490	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	5,640	1,440	4,195	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	13,155	6,080	7,075	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	50,435	19,295	31,140	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	130	35	95	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,490	1,070	4,425	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	44,810	18,190	26,620	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,050	4,925	5,125	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,870	2,180	2,695	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,800	780	1,020	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	135	40	100	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	2,610	1,720	890	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	625	215	415	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,350	6,580	3,765	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,625	5,370	2,255	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	1,040	210	825	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,560	935	625	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	130	70	55	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	53,835	50,005	3,830	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	1,755	1,260	500	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	8,660	7,145	1,515	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	12,365	11,320	1,045	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	10,710	10,480	235	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,705	12,470	230	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	7,635	7,325	310	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,525	5,395	2,125	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,915	4,360	1,560	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,605	1,035	570	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	51,800	9,875	41,920	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,350	2,155	2,190	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	45,995	6,890	39,105	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,455	830	625	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,920	8,425	9,500	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	9,685	2,175	7,510	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	80	10	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	5,290	3,550	1,745	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,815	2,580	235	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	85	10	70	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	10	70	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	342,895	166,730	176,165	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	130,410	69,825	60,580	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	10,580	2,515	8,070	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	10,585	2,510	8,070	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,915	3,430	4,490	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,440	1,050	390	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	6,480	2,375	4,100	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	11,315	4,295	7,020	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	790	170	615	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	3,120	835	2,290	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,315	865	1,455	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	110	25	85	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	990	540	450	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,200	710	500	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	2,130	1,085	1,045	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	660	75	585	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,885	8,120	19,765	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	290	30	260	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,815	770	1,050	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,690	470	6,225	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	4,320	1,020	3,305	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	505	120	385	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	4,135	1,015	3,120	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	10,120	4,705	5,420	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	39,250	14,410	24,840	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	115	25	90	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,495	790	3,700	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	34,645	13,590	21,055	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,585	3,530	4,055	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,775	1,615	2,160	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,315	530	780	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	25	95	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	1,920	1,215	710	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	155	310	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,715	5,550	3,170	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,690	4,695	1,995	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	785	160	625	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,140	645	500	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	105	50	55	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	40,420	37,225	3,200	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	1,490	1,075	415	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	6,585	5,315	1,270	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,730	8,825	900	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	7,645	7,475	170	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,345	9,165	185	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	5,625	5,365	260	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,790	4,020	1,770	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,545	3,230	1,315	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,245	790	455	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	39,360	7,370	31,995	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,355	1,620	1,730	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	34,840	5,140	29,695	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,175	610	560	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,590	6,435	7,155	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	7,060	1,555	5,500	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	4,245	2,795	1,450	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,215	2,015	195	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	65	10	55	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	65	0	55	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	534,260	258,915	275,345	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	254,835	128,995	125,845	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	279,420	129,920	149,500	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	245,715	112,740	132,980	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	233,595	106,960	126,630	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	12,125	5,780	6,350	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	33,700	17,180	16,520	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,385	3,425	2,960	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	1,300	425	870	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	2,360	1,245	1,120	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,210	2,440	1,770	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,715	745	970	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	165	100	65	2,150	1,275	875
Other	17,570	8,800	8,765	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	342,900	166,730	176,170	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130,405	69,830	60,580	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	212,490	96,900	115,590	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	188,030	85,200	102,830	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	179,620	81,150	98,475	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	8,405	4,050	4,355	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	24,460	11,695	12,765	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,660	2,365	2,295	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	1,085	345	740	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	1,790	860	930	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,020	1,115	900	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,415	615	800	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	125	75	50	1,870	1,105	765
Other	13,370	6,325	7,050	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	534,260	258,915	275,345	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	344,320	178,070	166,250	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	320,965	165,580	155,385	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	23,360	12,490	10,870	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	189,935	80,845	109,090	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	64.4	68.8	60.4	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	60.1	64.0	56.4	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.0	6.5	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	534,255	258,915	275,340	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	178,805	76,455	102,350	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	355,455	182,460	172,990	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	190,100	106,920	83,180	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	165,350	75,545	89,810	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	43.9	42.8	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	344,320	178,075	166,250	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,755	3,665	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	336,905	174,315	162,590	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	298,995	150,165	148,825	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	37,910	24,150	13,760	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	344,325	178,070	166,250	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,760	3,660	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	336,900	174,315	162,590	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	35,380	21,970	13,405	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	46,765	13,070	33,700	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	17,505	13,685	3,825	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	26,660	5,235	21,420	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	39,240	12,350	26,890	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,070	3,485	4,590	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	78,700	32,570	46,135	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	51,785	48,430	3,355	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,890	5,705	2,190	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	24,910	17,820	7,090	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	344,320	178,070	166,255	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,760	3,665	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	336,905	174,315	162,590	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,855	7,240	3,615	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	555	505	55	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	1,840	1,405	435	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	23,725	21,225	2,505	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	44,490	32,455	12,030	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	11,560	8,165	3,400	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	37,575	17,430	20,145	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15,795	12,035	3,760	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	5,245	2,750	2,500	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	15,885	6,130	9,750	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,400	3,005	2,400	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,420	9,715	8,710	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	220	95	125	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,860	8,980	6,880	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	27,540	9,200	18,340	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	44,475	7,920	36,555	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,660	3,305	3,360	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	23,290	8,925	14,365	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	14,850	6,970	7,880	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	12,645	6,855	5,790	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	320,965	165,580	155,380	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	23,960	12,600	11,365	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	1,300	945	355	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	35,040	26,035	9,000	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	260,660	126,000	134,660	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	260,665	126,000	134,660	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	172,395	78,320	94,080	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	39,875	19,790	20,085	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	47,845	27,575	20,275	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	540	315	225	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	295,700	152,040	143,660	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	236,705	124,800	111,905	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	20,950	9,340	11,610	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	16,670	6,840	9,835	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	15,780	7,530	8,245	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	2,890	2,110	785	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	2,705	1,415	1,285	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	295,700	152,040	143,660	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	96,650	45,675	50,975	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	115,840	58,105	57,735	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	51,705	28,625	23,085	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	16,675	9,370	7,300	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	14,830	10,260	4,570	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	295,700	152,040	143,660	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	19,945	13,755	6,195	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	53,475	33,730	19,745	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	77,285	38,965	38,320	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60,875	23,825	37,050	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,645	12,080	17,570	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	54,465	29,685	24,780	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	366,240	187,880	178,360	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	363,870	186,875	176,990	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	361,630	185,660	175,970	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	360,040	185,260	174,775	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	1,590	395	1,195	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	2,240	1,215	1,020	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,235	1,220	1,020	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	130	50	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	130	55	840	530	305
Amharic	15	10	0	85	50	35
Arabic	165	125	35	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	15	10	0
Vietnamese	75	30	45	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	0	15	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	20	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,245	670	580	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	50	80	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	130	50	80	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	10	10	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	65	25	40	220	135	85
Russian	45	25	20	275	120	160
Serbian	10	0	10	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	10	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	720	405	315	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	110	75	30	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	520	260	255	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	10	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	60	25	165	135	30
Greek	10	0	10	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	10	0	10	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	155	50	100
Iranian languages	30	20	0	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	0	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	180	160	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	30	10	15
Portuguese	80	50	25	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	255	125	130	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	125	60	65	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	75	25	50	230	120	115
American Sign Language	50	10	45	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	260	190	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	455	265	190	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	135	80	50	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	300	175	125	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	10	125	60	65
Lao	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	10	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	10	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	2,370	1,000	1,370	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	745	235	510	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	1,580	755	825	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	40	10	30	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	366,240	187,880	178,360	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	354,180	182,365	171,815	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	2,145	880	1,270	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	3,405	1,260	2,140	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	6,280	3,280	3,000	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	40	10	30	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,270	2,970	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	15	0	10	30	15	15
English and non-official language	25	10	15	215	105	110
French and non-official language	180	70	110	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	638,245	312,235	326,010	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	549,180	268,795	280,385	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	89,065	43,445	45,625	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	52,995	25,950	27,050	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	36,070	17,500	18,570	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	29,490	14,205	15,280	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	26,250	12,560	13,690	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	3,245	1,645	1,595	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	6,585	3,290	3,290	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	609,405	297,365	312,045	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	371,500	181,705	189,795	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	237,905	115,660	122,250	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	136,650	66,420	70,235	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	101,255	49,240	52,010	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	81,735	39,595	42,140	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	74,270	35,980	38,295	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	7,465	3,615	3,845	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	19,515	9,645	9,870	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. London [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census London [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]