Census Profile, 2016 Census
City of Toronto Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and British Columbia [Province]

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	City of Toronto Health Unit, Ontario [Health region, December 2017]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , City of Toronto Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario  Map : City of Toronto Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province]  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	2,731,571	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	2,615,060	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.5	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	1,179,057	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	1,112,929	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,334.4	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	630.20	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	2,731,570	1,313,585	1,417,985	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	398,135	204,190	193,945	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	136,000	69,895	66,100	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	135,025	69,350	65,680	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	127,110	64,945	62,165	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	1,906,495	925,075	981,420	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	145,520	74,240	71,285	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	194,745	97,415	97,330	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	232,945	113,910	119,040	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	224,580	108,895	115,680	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	196,310	94,070	102,240	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	182,395	86,535	95,860	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	190,925	90,855	100,065	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	202,410	98,735	103,670	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	182,805	88,145	94,655	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	153,865	72,270	81,595	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	426,940	184,325	242,615	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	130,540	60,360	70,180	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	93,605	42,320	51,285	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	76,165	32,730	43,435	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	60,635	25,670	34,965	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	66,000	23,250	42,750	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	40,800	15,665	25,130	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	19,680	6,180	13,500	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	4,750	1,275	3,470	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	770	120	650	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.5	13.7	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	69.8	70.4	69.2	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	15.6	14.0	17.1	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	3.0	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	40.6	39.4	41.7	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	39.3	38.0	40.5	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	269,675	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	493,280	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	349,885	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	71,230	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	61,630	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	48,540	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	165,630	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	2,860	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	95	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	1,112,925	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	359,960	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	333,425	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	175,725	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	146,580	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	97,245	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,691,665	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	2,333,435	1,109,400	1,224,035	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	1,181,360	592,560	588,800	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	1,011,185	505,025	506,160	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	170,175	87,540	82,635	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	1,152,080	516,840	635,235	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	806,265	410,975	395,295	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	68,715	27,570	41,145	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	151,995	55,490	96,515	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	125,100	22,810	102,285	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	718,755	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	344,110	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	174,600	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	143,250	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	56,795	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	718,750	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	566,155	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	481,125	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	85,030	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	152,600	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	128,550	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	24,050	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	566,160	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	250,085	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	316,070	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	133,440	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	130,765	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	51,865	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	152,600	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	94,025	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	41,160	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	17,415	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	602,860	277,825	325,035	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	1,112,925	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	653,360	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	226,085	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	427,275	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	31,595	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	427,975	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	359,960	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	68,015	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	2,704,415	1,301,905	1,402,515	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	2,323,235	1,139,580	1,183,655	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	2,720	1,140	1,585	1,810	820	985
English and French	245,695	107,990	137,705	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	132,765	53,195	79,570	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	2,704,415	1,301,905	1,402,510	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	2,508,820	1,219,600	1,289,220	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	39,800	18,805	20,995	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	24,865	11,210	13,655	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	130,935	52,295	78,645	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	52,230	24,405	27,825	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	2,704,415	1,301,905	1,402,515	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	2,598,230	1,251,215	1,347,015	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	1,411,340	697,965	713,380	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	1,375,900	681,120	694,780	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	35,440	16,845	18,595	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	1,186,885	553,255	633,635	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	420	185	235	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	315	140	170	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	5	5	0	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	85	30	50	840	375	465
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	5	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	5	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	5	0	5	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	10	15	25	15	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	30	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	10	5	10
Malecite	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	200	95	105	155	55	105
Algonquin	0	0	5	5	5	0
Ojibway	175	85	90	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	5	5	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	0	0	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	0	0	0	650	295	355
Dene	5	5	0	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	20	0	20	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	20	0	15	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	5	0	0	35	20	10
Salish languages	5	0	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	5	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	0	5	0	45	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	0	0	0	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,186,465	553,070	633,400	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	65,535	32,335	33,205	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	135	75	50	115	75	45
Kabyle	55	30	25	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	45	30	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	12,355	5,305	7,050	1,505	765	740
Bilen	70	45	30	5	0	0
Oromo	855	420	440	205	115	95
Somali	11,375	4,810	6,565	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	20	10	15
Semitic languages	52,850	26,835	26,010	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	6,430	2,880	3,545	1,370	670	700
Arabic	29,825	15,745	14,080	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	4,840	2,360	2,480	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	700	360	335	440	245	200
Harari	755	350	405	20	5	15
Hebrew	4,350	2,350	2,005	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	1,425	720	710	215	100	115
Tigrigna	4,145	1,890	2,260	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	380	185	185	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	205	115	90	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	26,160	11,855	14,305	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,365	590	775	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	24,775	11,255	13,520	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	5	10	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	99,755	39,025	60,730	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	320	135	185	375	165	215
Cebuano	3,390	1,335	2,055	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	30	15	10	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	1,695	660	1,035	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	7,135	2,765	4,370	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	20	10	10	20	10	15
Malay	1,930	880	1,050	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	715	310	410	700	320	380
Pangasinan	325	125	200	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	83,230	32,445	50,790	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	210	60	155	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	755	290	465	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	3,015	1,350	1,665	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	165	80	90	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	1,830	815	1,010	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,020	460	565	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	67,055	33,175	33,880	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	730	380	350	280	150	135
Malayalam	4,560	2,465	2,100	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	57,535	27,935	29,600	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	4,130	2,355	1,775	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	20	5	10	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	589,410	282,355	307,060	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	8,495	4,230	4,275	1,465	765	705
Armenian	7,845	3,745	4,105	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	120,445	53,655	66,790	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	3,485	1,365	2,125	1,070	485	585
Latvian	1,605	640	965	565	255	300
Lithuanian	1,880	720	1,160	505	225	280
Slavic languages	116,955	52,290	64,665	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	195	100	95	95	45	50
Bosnian	1,110	530	580	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	4,345	2,075	2,270	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	5,565	2,535	3,035	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	2,860	1,345	1,515	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	6,190	2,920	3,270	325	160	165
Polish	25,060	10,845	14,210	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	36,145	15,805	20,345	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	13,385	6,455	6,930	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	1,470	665	800	1,395	670	725
Slovak	3,100	1,455	1,645	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,785	745	1,035	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	15,465	6,685	8,785	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	280	140	140	345	175	170
Celtic languages	270	125	140	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	75	40	40	240	130	110
Welsh	85	30	50	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	45	95	50	45
Germanic languages	22,310	10,095	12,210	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	400	210	185	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	670	285	380	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	3,180	1,535	1,645	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	35	20	15	295	145	145
German	14,515	6,435	8,080	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	65	35	30	275	135	145
Norwegian	230	105	125	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	695	305	395	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	130	50	80	445	220	225
Yiddish	2,350	1,095	1,255	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	65	45	25
Greek	27,840	13,415	14,420	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	194,760	99,110	95,645	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	138,625	70,695	67,930	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	28,460	14,370	14,090	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	26,400	13,520	12,880	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	15,230	7,960	7,275	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	80	40	35	65	35	25
Konkani	745	355	390	255	130	125
Marathi	1,760	930	830	620	325	295
Nepali	2,540	1,295	1,245	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	300	165	130	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,965	10,380	9,585	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	2,440	1,080	1,360	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,280	1,600	1,680	1,675	845	830
Urdu	37,420	19,010	18,415	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	55,190	27,895	27,295	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	1,645	930	715	1,765	945	825
Pashto	4,355	2,285	2,075	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	49,190	24,680	24,505	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	945	520	420	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	207,445	97,980	109,465	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	125	70	55	160	85	75
Italian	62,635	29,050	33,590	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	59,360	28,540	30,820	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	12,335	5,630	6,705	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	72,850	34,635	38,220	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	135	60	75	105	65	40
Japanese	7,015	2,405	4,610	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	870	465	405	85	50	35
Georgian	870	465	400	85	50	40
Korean	33,665	15,155	18,510	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	295	130	165	360	150	205
Mongolian	290	130	160	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	13,780	6,460	7,325	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	4,340	1,970	2,370	495	275	220
Bamanankan	45	20	25	10	5	5
Edo	670	260	410	85	50	35
Ewe	175	90	80	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	165	85	75	45	25	20
Ga	205	85	115	45	20	25
Ganda	375	180	195	90	45	45
Igbo	745	385	355	245	145	105
Lingala	285	135	150	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	265	135	135	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	290	135	150	155	70	80
Shona	390	190	205	215	100	115
Swahili	2,230	1,045	1,180	805	400	405
Wolof	115	65	55	50	25	25
Yoruba	1,580	820	765	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,905	845	1,060	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	235	130	105	340	175	165
Dinka	40	20	15	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	105	90	240	115	125
Sign languages	565	320	245	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	210	120	95	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	355	200	150	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	250,960	114,630	136,325	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	245,285	111,855	133,430	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	114,670	52,085	62,585	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	2,855	1,220	1,640	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	111,410	51,125	60,285	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	450	220	230	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	6,120	2,820	3,300	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,665	1,200	1,470	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	7,015	3,135	3,880	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	5,670	2,775	2,895	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	605	275	335	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	260	120	135	815	395	425
Tibetan	4,595	2,270	2,320	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	215	110	105	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	1,720	690	1,035	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	705	365	345	1,100	550	550
Thai	1,005	325	680	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	10	20	10	15
Turkic languages	10,675	5,615	5,065	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	910	495	420	530	290	235
Turkish	8,830	4,665	4,165	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	240	115	120	170	85	85
Uzbek	435	230	215	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	255	115	140	190	80	110
Uralic languages	15,145	6,660	8,490	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	1,945	770	1,170	705	295	410
Finnish	1,320	495	820	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	11,890	5,390	6,500	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	585	310	275	500	280	225
Multiple responses	106,190	50,685	55,500	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	7,550	3,520	4,025	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	92,625	44,390	48,230	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	3,305	1,515	1,785	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	2,715	1,260	1,455	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	2,704,420	1,301,905	1,402,510	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	2,458,470	1,185,800	1,272,670	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	1,756,685	858,655	898,030	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	1,739,620	850,745	888,875	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	17,065	7,910	9,155	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	701,785	327,145	374,640	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	110	55	55	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	55	30	20	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	5	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	25	15	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	5	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	5	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	0	5	0	15	10	5
Dakota	0	5	0	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	40	20	20	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	701,675	327,090	374,585	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	36,560	17,185	19,375	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	45	20	20	45	25	20
Kabyle	15	10	5	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	7,495	3,140	4,355	770	355	415
Bilen	40	20	20	0	0	0
Oromo	495	230	265	90	50	45
Somali	6,930	2,880	4,050	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	15	5	10
Semitic languages	28,920	13,965	14,950	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	3,425	1,500	1,925	600	275	320
Arabic	16,490	8,210	8,280	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	3,615	1,755	1,860	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	475	245	235	310	165	145
Harari	445	200	250	10	5	5
Hebrew	1,610	800	810	900	465	440
Maltese	430	200	225	15	5	10
Tigrigna	2,250	985	1,270	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,755	8,020	9,735	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	730	305	420	800	375	420
Vietnamese	17,020	7,710	9,310	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	48,375	20,215	28,160	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	70	30	40	75	30	35
Cebuano	1,320	560	760	1,305	585	715
Fijian	5	5	5	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	615	265	355	415	175	240
Ilocano	2,695	1,150	1,545	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	5	0	5	10	5	10
Malay	570	275	300	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	210	95	120	150	70	80
Pangasinan	60	25	35	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	42,515	17,680	24,840	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	60	20	40	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	235	105	125	310	150	160
Creole languages	1,530	660	865	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	110	55	60	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,015	435	580	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	405	175	230	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	47,065	22,845	24,225	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	290	155	135	110	55	60
Malayalam	2,455	1,320	1,140	1,225	615	605
Tamil	42,020	20,080	21,930	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	2,270	1,270	1,000	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	317,080	150,570	166,505	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	4,115	2,070	2,045	695	335	360
Armenian	5,175	2,430	2,740	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	61,615	28,155	33,455	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	1,085	430	650	210	90	115
Latvian	460	180	285	80	30	50
Lithuanian	620	250	370	125	60	65
Slavic languages	60,530	27,725	32,805	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	75	35	35	15	5	5
Bosnian	500	240	265	595	300	300
Bulgarian	2,450	1,190	1,260	1,035	485	550
Croatian	2,040	950	1,095	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	850	410	440	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	2,725	1,285	1,440	150	75	75
Polish	10,605	4,725	5,880	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	23,075	10,420	12,655	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	8,025	3,865	4,160	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	580	275	310	500	235	265
Slovak	1,615	795	820	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	490	200	295	145	65	85
Ukrainian	7,420	3,305	4,120	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	40	20	20
Celtic languages	40	25	10	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	0	35	20	10
Welsh	10	5	5	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	5	5	5
Germanic languages	2,895	1,320	1,575	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	90	45	45	1,475	715	760
Danish	80	40	45	305	145	160
Dutch	285	135	145	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,950	870	1,080	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	15	5	10	75	35	35
Norwegian	35	15	15	140	60	80
Swedish	130	55	75	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	50	30	20
Yiddish	290	145	145	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	5	5
Greek	13,000	6,065	6,935	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	122,135	60,790	61,345	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	84,470	42,410	42,065	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	18,935	9,390	9,540	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	16,525	8,290	8,235	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	7,845	4,060	3,785	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	10	5	5	10	5	5
Konkani	160	80	85	40	25	25
Marathi	775	405	375	270	140	130
Nepali	1,705	875	835	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	145	70	75	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,075	6,205	5,865	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	1,130	490	635	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,550	765	785	675	330	340
Urdu	23,625	11,770	11,850	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	37,275	18,170	19,105	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	905	490	415	1,080	540	535
Pashto	2,995	1,530	1,465	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	33,375	16,150	17,225	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	385	210	175	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	108,115	49,715	58,400	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	70	35	35	65	35	35
Italian	27,130	11,365	15,770	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	33,425	16,085	17,340	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	5,915	2,705	3,205	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	41,530	19,505	22,025	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	20	5	10
Japanese	3,300	1,380	1,915	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	640	345	295	30	15	10
Georgian	640	340	295	30	15	15
Korean	23,625	10,830	12,790	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	175	90	90	170	80	90
Mongolian	175	90	85	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	5,675	2,540	3,135	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	2,325	1,000	1,325	150	80	65
Bamanankan	20	5	5	5	5	5
Edo	215	85	125	15	10	10
Ewe	40	15	25	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	25	35	20	5	10
Ga	80	30	50	5	5	0
Ganda	110	50	65	10	5	5
Igbo	250	130	120	40	20	15
Lingala	75	30	45	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	105	55	55	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	35	45	60	25	35
Shona	125	55	70	65	25	40
Swahili	990	440	555	200	90	115
Wolof	55	35	20	20	10	10
Yoruba	560	295	265	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	570	255	320	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	35	25	140	60	75
Dinka	10	5	5	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	85	30	55
Sign languages	885	520	365	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	315	175	140	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	565	345	225	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	185,430	85,370	100,055	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	181,255	83,310	97,940	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	83,405	37,430	45,975	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	1,250	550	695	700	295	410
Mandarin	87,760	41,290	46,470	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	155	70	85	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,805	1,290	1,515	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,475	680	795	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,350	1,980	2,375	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,175	2,065	2,115	1,745	885	865
Burmese	365	165	205	720	375	350
Karenic languages	205	105	105	725	355	370
Tibetan	3,520	1,755	1,775	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	710	330	385	1,380	595	785
Lao	315	155	160	460	225	235
Thai	395	170	220	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages	6,340	3,205	3,135	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	365	185	180	195	105	95
Turkish	5,490	2,770	2,725	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	130	70	60	95	50	50
Uzbek	260	140	125	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	40	20	25
Uralic languages	6,255	2,830	3,425	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	535	185	345	95	40	55
Finnish	265	105	155	725	325	400
Hungarian	5,460	2,540	2,920	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	210	115	95	145	70	75
Multiple responses	245,945	116,105	129,840	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	6,510	3,015	3,500	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	233,300	110,350	122,950	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	1,355	595	760	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	4,785	2,145	2,635	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	2,704,420	1,301,905	1,402,510	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	2,057,585	995,085	1,062,505	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	271,530	130,775	140,750	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	27,445	12,365	15,080	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	335,090	157,715	177,375	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	385	165	220	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	334,705	157,555	177,150	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	1,840	875	965	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	6,420	3,080	3,345	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	4,370	1,945	2,420	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	2,294,790	1,092,665	1,202,120	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,187,030	1,041,910	1,145,115	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,089	33,456	27,576	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,187,335	1,042,005	1,145,335	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,958	30,661	25,918	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,888,445	918,925	969,520	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,733	36,010	28,105	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,598,440	709,590	888,845	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,249	1,115	3,956	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,578,750	791,520	787,230	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,602	37,149	30,393	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	2,294,785	1,092,650	1,202,135	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,187,220	1,041,920	1,145,300	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,268	62,667	42,807	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,187,505	1,042,020	1,145,485	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,462	48,059	35,461	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,889,205	918,695	970,505	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,901	66,647	43,781	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,598,725	710,015	888,705	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,631	5,725	7,355	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,578,750	791,440	787,310	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,032	64,206	43,805	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	2,294,785	1,092,655	1,202,135	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	726,575	392,990	333,590	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	55,246	58,626	52,090	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	78,643	89,498	65,856	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	90.6	93.6	86.7	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	74.4	77.7	70.1	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	9.4	6.4	13.3	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	2,294,790	1,092,665	1,202,125	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	107,755	50,750	57,010	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	2,187,030	1,041,915	1,145,115	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.4	95.3	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	389,425	182,890	206,540	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	410,355	175,800	234,550	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	291,150	125,720	165,430	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	221,480	100,395	121,080	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	187,235	87,700	99,535	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	145,500	70,185	75,315	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	114,465	57,710	56,755	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	89,645	46,940	42,705	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	69,990	37,360	32,630	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	58,210	30,000	28,210	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	209,580	127,210	82,365	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	119,810	68,240	51,570	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	89,765	58,970	30,790	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	2,294,785	1,092,665	1,202,125	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	107,450	50,660	56,790	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	2,187,335	1,042,005	1,145,330	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.3	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	395,775	185,315	210,465	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	425,585	183,045	242,535	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	330,405	144,295	186,110	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	261,430	120,820	140,610	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	213,815	101,645	112,175	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	154,925	77,550	77,370	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	112,490	59,260	53,240	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	84,295	44,485	39,810	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	208,610	125,585	83,030	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	57,270	30,705	26,570	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	34,665	20,030	14,625	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	116,675	74,845	41,830	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	2,294,790	1,092,665	1,202,120	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	716,035	301,145	414,890	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	1,578,750	791,520	787,230	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	68.8	72.4	65.5	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	201,230	94,895	106,335	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	132,320	61,255	71,065	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	219,860	103,505	116,360	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	176,835	81,220	95,615	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	157,110	75,225	81,885	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	141,850	68,405	73,445	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	113,280	57,240	56,040	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	90,310	47,125	43,185	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	72,185	39,215	32,975	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	273,755	163,430	110,330	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	57,580	31,675	25,910	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	50,845	26,265	24,580	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	165,330	105,490	59,845	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,829	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,264	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	359,960	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,018	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,172	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	752,970	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,908	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,695	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	1,112,925	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	102,721	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,495	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	359,990	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,409	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,276	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	752,940	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,340	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,289	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	33,195	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	23,455	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	36,545	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	54,020	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	47,315	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	47,500	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	46,945	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,115	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,285	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	44,650	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	84,180	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	76,120	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	68,190	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	60,400	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	53,490	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	343,520	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	100,810	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	68,300	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	77,810	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	96,600	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	34,790	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	23,620	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	37,080	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55,930	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	51,915	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	52,205	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	53,515	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55,540	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	55,770	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	53,385	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	98,910	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	86,755	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	75,120	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	63,360	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	51,565	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	263,465	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	94,025	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	58,260	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	111,180	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	705,595	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,859	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,530	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	221,150	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,232	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,412	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	316,455	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,273	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,920	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	138,800	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,040	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,839	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	705,445	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	127,312	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,343	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	221,085	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	127,461	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,833	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	317,230	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	155,188	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	120,979	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	137,690	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	70,494	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,981	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	518,290	246,070	272,220	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,059	31,130	31,006	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,647	28,567	28,713	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	517,005	245,105	271,895	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	47,407	49,458	45,557	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	38,513	39,445	37,673	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	2,691,665	1,296,240	1,395,430	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,455,315	686,810	768,505	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	404,560	195,060	209,500	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	320,165	146,185	173,985	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	268,500	125,455	143,040	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	238,680	113,000	125,680	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	223,410	107,115	116,295	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	1,236,350	609,420	626,925	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	216,450	103,995	112,455	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	213,325	103,540	109,785	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	219,865	107,815	112,050	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	241,850	119,420	122,425	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	344,855	174,650	170,205	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	2,691,665	1,296,235	1,395,430	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	478,360	245,340	233,020	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	162,510	83,480	79,030	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	1,811,260	874,405	936,860	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	402,045	176,495	225,550	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	543,390	254,890	288,500	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	125,680	64,485	61,190	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	42,685	21,880	20,805	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	347,775	163,045	184,730	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	69,935	27,355	42,575	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.2	19.7	20.7	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	26.3	26.3	26.3	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	26.3	26.2	26.3	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	19.2	18.6	19.7	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	17.4	15.5	18.9	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	469,330	224,145	245,185	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	98,905	50,725	48,185	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	33,955	17,345	16,605	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	322,620	155,490	167,130	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	47,800	17,935	29,865	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	17.4	17.3	17.6	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.7	20.7	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	20.9	20.8	21.0	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	11.9	10.2	13.2	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	2,691,665	1,296,270	1,395,390	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	2,559,780	1,243,220	1,316,565	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	2,557,220	1,242,185	1,315,030	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	246,605	107,660	138,950	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	1,464,760	689,505	775,255	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	795	325	470	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	655	285	375	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	135	65	70	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	25	20	10	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	10	15	55	25	30
Woods Cree	10	0	0	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	70	35	35	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	10	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	10	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	510	215	290	310	100	205
Algonquin	10	0	10	20	0	15
Ojibway	485	205	275	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	0	0	0	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	10	10	10	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	0	0	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Haida	0	0	0	455	195	255
Inuit languages	25	10	15	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	10	0	10	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	50	10	35	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	40	0	30	25	10	15
Oneida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	10	0	10	110	50	60
Salish languages	10	10	10	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	10	0	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	540	280	260
Siouan languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	15
Stoney	10	0	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	10	0	0	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,464,020	689,205	774,820	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	100,730	49,940	50,795	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	140	80	60	145	95	45
Kabyle	35	15	20	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	17,250	7,505	9,745	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	70	45	25	20	10	15
Oromo	1,175	495	685	245	140	110
Somali	16,020	6,955	9,065	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	10	0	10
Semitic languages	84,515	42,935	41,575	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	9,555	4,440	5,120	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	47,890	25,000	22,885	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5,930	2,865	3,065	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	680	335	345	570	285	285
Harari	945	480	470	55	35	20
Hebrew	18,865	9,555	9,310	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	1,865	910	950	315	155	155
Tigrigna	5,145	2,425	2,720	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	465	260	210	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	370	185	190	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	33,965	15,605	18,360	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,020	850	1,175	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	32,170	14,870	17,295	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	128,080	50,505	77,570	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	390	180	210	530	215	310
Cebuano	4,690	1,865	2,825	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	10	0	10	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	1,810	735	1,075	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	9,550	3,780	5,770	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	55	20	35	25	15	10
Malay	3,435	1,585	1,850	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	920	420	500	855	365	495
Pangasinan	320	130	190	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	121,155	47,540	73,620	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	220	65	155	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	895	360	535	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	8,845	3,795	5,050	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	455	195	260	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	4,830	2,010	2,825	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	3,675	1,620	2,050	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	87,335	43,525	43,810	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	1,610	835	775	510	250	265
Malayalam	6,705	3,550	3,155	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	74,745	36,610	38,135	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	6,135	3,560	2,570	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	15	10	10	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	764,770	369,535	395,235	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	9,905	4,880	5,025	1,640	840	795
Armenian	9,630	4,560	5,070	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	138,380	62,970	75,405	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	3,910	1,540	2,370	1,030	515	520
Latvian	1,765	740	1,025	555	290	265
Lithuanian	2,145	800	1,345	475	220	250
Slavic languages	135,360	61,785	73,575	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	465	240	225	245	115	125
Bosnian	1,960	925	1,030	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	4,860	2,335	2,520	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	8,555	4,140	4,415	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	3,745	1,795	1,950	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	8,245	3,850	4,390	400	220	185
Polish	30,970	13,520	17,455	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	51,040	23,150	27,890	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	17,025	8,365	8,660	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	1,800	850	950	1,525	770	750
Slovak	3,460	1,600	1,855	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,010	890	1,120	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	21,015	9,145	11,870	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	335	205	130	420	215	205
Celtic languages	1,355	720	640	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	395	215	180	660	395	265
Welsh	140	65	80	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	815	440	380	860	450	410
Germanic languages	43,080	20,695	22,385	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	1,670	850	820	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	1,090	485	605	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	4,755	2,330	2,425	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	70	35	40	465	230	240
German	29,980	14,340	15,640	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	100	50	50	405	210	195
Norwegian	480	240	240	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	1,630	765	865	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	155	70	90	545	270	275
Yiddish	4,685	2,305	2,380	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	155	95	60
Greek	40,170	19,695	20,480	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	254,825	130,405	124,415	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	193,285	99,090	94,195	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	35,635	18,260	17,380	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	36,180	18,650	17,530	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	65,355	34,355	31,005	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	85	45	40	60	30	25
Konkani	1,505	695	810	415	215	200
Marathi	3,230	1,625	1,600	1,475	780	695
Nepali	3,925	1,945	1,975	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	450	220	230	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	33,780	17,715	16,060	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	4,190	1,955	2,235	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	6,860	3,390	3,470	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	57,670	29,285	28,390	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	63,765	32,350	31,415	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	2,080	1,205	870	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	6,575	3,595	2,975	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	57,760	29,105	28,650	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,520	850	670	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	290,570	136,500	154,065	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	240	125	115	395	210	180
Italian	91,595	42,760	48,835	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	75,785	36,510	39,275	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	14,620	6,575	8,045	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	122,195	57,080	65,110	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	440	220	215	380	245	140
Japanese	12,070	5,105	6,965	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	1,130	570	550	115	55	60
Georgian	1,130	570	555	115	55	55
Korean	37,610	17,460	20,150	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	350	150	190	370	170	200
Mongolian	350	155	195	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	26,430	12,495	13,935	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	7,005	3,220	3,785	630	350	280
Bamanankan	110	70	35	30	20	15
Edo	1,205	500	710	145	80	60
Ewe	265	155	110	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	295	150	150	105	30	70
Ga	475	195	280	150	95	50
Ganda	580	280	305	165	80	85
Igbo	1,480	765	715	425	240	185
Lingala	1,265	540	730	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	395	210	185	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	460	215	250	290	125	165
Shona	755	345	410	415	220	195
Swahili	6,210	2,995	3,210	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	285	135	150	50	25	30
Yoruba	3,600	1,865	1,730	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,975	1,745	2,230	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	310	170	140	405	210	200
Dinka	55	35	20	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	255	135	120	325	155	165
Sign languages	3,090	1,375	1,710	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	1,950	765	1,185	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	15	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,195	645	545	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	279,905	129,990	149,910	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	273,760	126,965	146,795	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	141,265	64,620	76,645	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	3,030	1,260	1,775	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	150,735	69,895	80,835	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	460	205	255	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	7,240	3,190	4,045	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,225	1,490	1,735	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	7,055	3,155	3,900	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	75	45	30	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,400	3,165	3,230	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	885	400	490	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	245	115	135	955	485	465
Tibetan	5,045	2,520	2,525	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	295	175	120	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	2,205	875	1,330	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	845	380	465	1,630	735	890
Thai	1,455	540	915	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	10	10	0
Turkic languages	15,395	8,125	7,275	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	1,465	760	705	945	510	435
Turkish	12,995	6,910	6,095	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	325	150	175	115	60	55
Uzbek	630	345	285	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	380	160	220	275	140	130
Uralic languages	17,065	7,680	9,385	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	1,985	855	1,130	780	350	425
Finnish	1,435	585	850	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	13,700	6,260	7,440	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,310	680	630	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	2,691,665	1,296,270	1,395,395	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	2,296,370	1,108,005	1,188,370	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	431,660	221,475	210,175	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,864,715	886,525	978,190	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	395,295	188,270	207,030	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	2,691,665	1,296,275	1,395,395	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	1,332,085	665,435	666,655	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	1,266,000	583,970	682,030	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	294,065	133,315	160,755	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	171,565	81,200	90,360	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	281,870	127,730	154,140	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	330,555	152,945	177,605	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	162,775	75,695	87,075	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	167,780	77,250	90,530	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	187,950	88,780	99,170	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	93,575	46,865	46,710	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	1,266,000	583,970	682,030	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	96,800	47,595	49,205	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	205,915	102,695	103,215	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	270,475	120,040	150,430	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	558,625	254,865	303,760	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	134,195	58,775	75,420	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,266,000	583,970	682,030	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	212,010	92,485	119,525	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	7,025	3,365	3,660	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	8,710	3,995	4,720	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	6,960	3,495	3,460	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	34,490	14,705	19,790	1,305	600	710
Haiti	1,850	835	1,020	570	250	315
Jamaica	45,075	18,280	26,795	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	7,225	3,335	3,890	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	3,870	1,725	2,145	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	19,640	8,305	11,330	2,620	1,205	1,415
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	24,530	11,485	13,050	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	52,635	22,970	29,665	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	298,265	139,045	159,225	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	5,130	2,445	2,690	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	4,675	2,200	2,480	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	4,585	2,175	2,410	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	11,090	5,215	5,870	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	19,235	9,185	10,050	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	7,855	3,580	4,285	6,175	3,145	3,030
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	4,625	2,400	2,225	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	45,515	21,355	24,170	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	2,685	1,355	1,335	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	21,365	9,270	12,095	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	38,575	18,490	20,085	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	12,875	5,695	7,185	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	16,225	6,755	9,470	10,920	4,700	6,215
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	8,525	4,095	4,430	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	15,780	7,075	8,710	7,500	3,520	3,980
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	40,295	19,430	20,870	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	39,225	18,350	20,875	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	77,445	36,520	40,925	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	770	435	335	485	310	175
Egypt	6,625	3,490	3,130	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	9,075	4,095	4,985	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	4,880	2,195	2,685	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	1,850	890	965	985	535	455
Nigeria	7,605	3,780	3,830	1,740	925	815
Somalia	9,025	3,605	5,415	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	5,560	2,715	2,845	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	32,060	15,315	16,735	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	674,490	314,010	360,485	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	12,740	6,455	6,285	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	25,095	12,730	12,365	2,125	1,080	1,040
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	131,480	59,275	72,205	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	38,825	17,860	20,965	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	79,225	40,115	39,115	162,650	79,395	83,245
IranCensus data footnote 61	36,445	18,295	18,145	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	11,135	5,485	5,645	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	3,985	1,260	2,725	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	26,830	12,330	14,500	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	6,010	3,350	2,660	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	34,750	17,540	17,215	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	118,775	47,825	70,955	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	52,900	25,740	27,160	4,585	2,360	2,230
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	5,580	2,790	2,785	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	7,695	3,320	4,375	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	30,575	13,725	16,855	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	52,450	25,925	26,525	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	3,780	1,910	1,870	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	187,950	88,780	99,170	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	23,850	11,215	12,635	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	1,910	935	980	1,145	525	615
Colombia	1,430	665	760	580	250	325
Cuba	775	345	425	140	60	80
Haiti	675	320	360	35	35	10
Jamaica	3,530	1,845	1,685	625	355	265
Mexico	2,065	995	1,070	2,885	1,420	1,460
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	4,015	2,090	1,930	6,485	3,290	3,190
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	1,060	480	575	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	8,390	3,545	4,845	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	20,265	10,240	10,025	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	1,145	560	585	970	510	460
Germany	625	340	285	1,450	775	675
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	1,215	775	440	1,430	900	530
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	400	180	220	245	120	125
Romania	860	355	505	690	310	380
Russian Federation	2,290	830	1,460	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	1,930	905	1,025	1,230	495	735
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	2,120	1,375	740	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	9,680	4,920	4,765	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	13,300	6,380	6,915	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	130	50	75	65	40	20
Cameroon	555	235	315	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	330	135	195	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	170	70	100	20	10	10
Egypt	1,350	690	655	625	340	290
Eritrea	970	485	485	320	175	145
Ethiopia	1,560	710	850	305	170	140
Morocco	215	100	115	205	115	95
Nigeria	2,550	1,240	1,315	645	325	315
Somalia	1,010	480	530	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	395	230	165	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	80	55	25	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	3,985	1,895	2,090	1,745	890	860
Asia	129,695	60,420	69,275	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	3,170	1,630	1,535	870	455	415
Bangladesh	5,790	2,875	2,920	470	230	245
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	23,195	10,230	12,965	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	635	270	365	1,800	770	1,030
India	20,100	10,560	9,545	27,460	13,780	13,680
IranCensus data footnote 61	10,930	5,325	5,610	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	3,715	1,795	1,920	1,910	940	965
Israel	590	300	285	365	205	160
Japan	740	195	540	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	2,925	1,320	1,610	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	615	355	265	265	155	110
Nepal	1,575	830	745	310	115	195
Pakistan	6,725	3,290	3,435	1,965	990	975
Philippines	31,730	13,360	18,365	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	865	440	425	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	4,350	1,830	2,525	535	265	265
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	3,260	1,730	1,525	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	325	105	220	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	1,675	915	755	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	935	480	455	385	195	195
Viet Nam	1,380	500	875	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	4,460	2,085	2,375	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	850	530	315	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	660	425	235	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	185	105	80	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	2,691,665	1,296,270	1,395,395	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generationCensus data footnote 69	1,377,465	640,060	737,405	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	740,175	371,445	368,735	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	574,020	284,775	289,250	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	988,320	458,395	529,930	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	475,155	227,400	247,760	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	201,860	111,560	90,305	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	273,295	115,835	157,455	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	320,945	131,350	189,590	323,440	133,775	189,670
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	176,125	92,535	83,590	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	16,100	7,110	8,990	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	2,691,665	1,296,275	1,395,395	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	23,065	10,830	12,230	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	21,925	10,215	11,710	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	14,380	6,700	7,680	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	7,265	3,385	3,880	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	275	130	145	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	500	265	235	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	645	360	285	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,668,600	1,285,440	1,383,160	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	2,691,665	1,296,270	1,395,395	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	7,960	3,655	4,305	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,683,700	1,292,615	1,391,085	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	2,691,665	1,296,270	1,395,395	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	4,215	1,895	2,320	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	4,125	1,860	2,270	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	3,330	1,450	1,880	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	705	370	335	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	90	35	60	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	85	40	45	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	65	25	35	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	31,415	14,655	16,760	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	30,560	14,295	16,265	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	23,360	11,005	12,360	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,885	3,140	3,745	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	320	155	160	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	850	355	500	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	765	310	465	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	35	25	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	2,656,035	1,279,725	1,376,315	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	2,691,665	1,296,270	1,395,395	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	1,385,850	656,795	729,055	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	338,965	171,480	167,480	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	299,465	140,730	158,735	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	239,850	109,870	129,980	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	152,720	64,130	88,585	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	77,160	37,295	39,865	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	36,025	18,925	17,110	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	41,645	19,380	22,270	54,920	25,975	28,950
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	60,320	30,515	29,805	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	41,640	19,665	21,975	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	13,415	5,510	7,905	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	36,980	16,945	20,035	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	47,670	22,360	25,310	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	1,305,815	639,475	666,340	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	2,691,665	1,296,275	1,395,395	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	35,630	16,550	19,080	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,610	12,840	14,770	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	520	245	270	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	8,460	3,870	4,590	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	345,710	170,645	175,065	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	2,320	1,190	1,125	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	27,470	13,460	14,015	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	323,180	159,435	163,740	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	45	30	20	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	1,425	695	730	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	330	150	180	185	95	85
Ontarian	375	225	150	130	55	75
Québécois	880	440	440	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	150	75	75	405	175	230
European origins	1,288,855	624,910	663,940	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	597,295	292,595	304,700	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	175	95	80	455	230	220
Cornish	155	75	75	610	340	265
English	331,890	162,525	169,365	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	262,965	125,330	137,640	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	435	255	175	1,810	835	975
Scottish	256,255	124,595	131,660	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	28,210	13,430	14,780	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	52,905	25,635	27,270	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	122,870	58,260	64,610	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	260	100	165	210	95	115
Breton	40	35	10	110	45	65
Corsican	35	15	25	105	40	65
French	122,610	58,150	64,460	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	187,190	90,670	96,520	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	16,145	7,660	8,490	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	85	35	45	225	105	120
Belgian	4,890	2,220	2,675	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	41,650	19,885	21,770	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	465	225	240	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	235	135	100	850	425	425
German	130,895	63,810	67,085	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	130	60	65	695	340	355
Swiss	7,630	3,770	3,855	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	335	140	195	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	36,720	17,695	19,025	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	7,575	3,715	3,860	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	8,160	3,795	4,365	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	2,310	1,115	1,190	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	9,180	4,565	4,610	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	10,400	4,775	5,625	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	1,950	890	1,060	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	302,480	141,850	160,630	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	6,495	3,090	3,405	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	4,080	2,040	2,045	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	9,505	4,560	4,950	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	2,315	1,040	1,275	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	4,615	2,165	2,455	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	33,700	16,350	17,350	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	5,710	2,640	3,070	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	11,675	5,400	6,270	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	1,270	620	650	1,085	510	580
Polish	114,530	53,655	60,880	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	26,250	12,230	14,025	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	74,465	34,140	40,330	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	7,615	3,680	3,940	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	72,340	34,015	38,330	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	5,210	2,415	2,795	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	441,480	215,805	225,675	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	11,120	5,570	5,555	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	2,960	1,425	1,540	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	120	80	35	120	85	30
Croatian	13,670	6,690	6,985	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	1,470	740	725	440	230	205
Greek	57,420	28,600	28,820	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	182,500	89,805	92,690	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	270	145	125	280	135	145
Macedonian	13,320	6,590	6,735	1,205	620	580
Maltese	6,770	3,365	3,400	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	930	410	530	710	360	350
Portuguese	100,420	48,720	51,695	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	19,375	9,710	9,665	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	675	330	345	545	295	255
Slovenian	5,475	2,680	2,795	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	56,815	26,600	30,215	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	3,310	1,580	1,730	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	260	120	145	395	200	195
Other European origins	42,130	20,955	21,175	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	510	225	275	840	470	375
Jewish	34,270	17,140	17,125	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	905	425	480	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	495	260	235	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	6,320	3,080	3,245	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	165,735	73,675	92,065	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	1,315	540	780	220	115	105
Bahamian	620	335	285	255	140	110
Barbadian	9,010	4,035	4,980	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	645	300	350	335	155	175
Carib	995	335	660	70	50	25
Cuban	5,340	2,445	2,895	1,320	615	700
Dominican	3,580	1,725	1,855	735	330	410
Grenadian	7,370	3,005	4,365	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haitian	3,435	1,580	1,855	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	90,065	40,375	49,690	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	905	435	475	130	70	55
Martinican	80	30	45	25	0	20
Montserratan	240	105	140	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	445	240	210	570	260	310
St. Lucian	3,530	1,465	2,060	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20,215	9,035	11,180	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	6,170	2,525	3,640	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	20,315	8,760	11,560	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	7,870	3,395	4,480	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	113,820	53,520	60,305	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	4,495	2,035	2,460	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	475	225	250	90	45	45
Argentinian	4,250	2,100	2,150	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	185	70	115	125	60	65
Bolivian	785	370	405	375	145	230
Brazilian	8,365	4,160	4,200	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	5,900	2,885	3,015	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	12,235	5,830	6,405	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	1,070	580	490	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	9,990	4,680	5,315	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	3,110	1,470	1,640	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	26,685	11,845	14,845	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	2,145	1,065	1,080	1,535	720	810
Honduran	1,020	455	565	1,445	750	695
Maya	785	385	395	930	475	455
Mexican	12,095	5,695	6,400	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	2,330	1,125	1,200	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	890	365	525	325	140	185
Paraguayan	165	65	95	895	475	420
Peruvian	4,990	2,335	2,650	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	9,565	4,720	4,845	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	1,300	665	635	410	205	205
Venezuelan	4,220	1,910	2,310	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	5,080	2,490	2,585	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	146,870	70,430	76,445	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	31,135	15,255	15,885	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	460	260	200	40	30	10
Angolan	840	375	470	90	55	35
Ashanti	560	270	285	85	30	50
Beninese	235	120	115	35	20	15
Burkinabe	45	10	30	45	30	15
Cameroonian	1,575	770	800	150	85	70
Chadian	130	65	65	70	50	25
Congolese	2,625	1,220	1,410	810	405	400
Edo	490	255	235	85	55	30
Ewe	75	40	35	55	25	30
Gabonese	35	10	30	10	0	10
Gambian	435	195	240	25	10	15
Ghanaian	9,960	4,635	5,325	1,600	865	730
Guinean	475	240	235	130	45	80
Ibo	665	375	290	280	160	115
Ivorian	390	175	215	100	55	50
Liberian	170	70	100	250	95	150
Malian	175	90	85	80	55	25
Malinké	160	65	95	10	0	0
Nigerian	9,745	4,930	4,815	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	60	40	20	20	0	15
Senegalese	370	195	170	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	590	305	290	130	60	65
Togolese	205	130	80	100	70	40
Wolof	45	20	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,110	645	460	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	1,500	745	750	620	305	315
North African origins	19,510	9,970	9,535	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	890	410	480	770	465	305
Berber	455	250	210	210	130	80
Coptic	285	155	135	150	90	65
Dinka	10	10	0	45	25	15
Egyptian	10,490	5,315	5,185	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	715	380	335	420	275	140
Maure	145	85	60	150	60	90
Moroccan	4,100	2,095	2,005	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	2,310	1,145	1,165	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	550	285	260	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	470	285	190	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	56,400	26,555	29,850	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	190	95	95	705	355	355
Amhara	330	165	160	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	175	100	70	255	140	120
Burundian	475	265	210	215	95	120
Djiboutian	165	75	85	0	0	0
Eritrean	6,460	3,100	3,355	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	13,085	6,255	6,830	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	395	220	180	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,155	970	1,180	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	85	35	50	105	65	40
Mauritian	945	460	485	975	520	450
Oromo	645	280	365	140	75	65
Rwandan	795	365	425	420	225	195
Seychellois	80	30	45	25	15	15
Somali	20,960	9,680	11,285	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	5,440	2,705	2,735	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	1,145	550	590	490	220	275
Tigrian	360	185	170	205	110	95
Ugandan	1,280	620	660	775	390	380
Zambian	170	85	85	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	1,025	450	575	855	445	405
Zulu	140	70	65	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	3,275	1,380	1,895	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	41,950	19,685	22,265	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	6,530	2,750	3,785	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	35,855	17,135	18,720	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	1,079,290	515,530	563,760	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	152,055	77,500	74,555	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	20,915	10,765	10,150	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	9,275	4,885	4,390	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	12,265	5,950	6,315	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	3,125	1,620	1,500	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	1,670	805	865	990	570	425
Georgian	1,600	815	785	740	380	355
Hazara	325	165	165	55	30	20
Iranian	45,540	23,000	22,540	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	10,475	5,180	5,295	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	6,720	3,480	3,235	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	1,480	830	650	785	425	355
Kazakh	635	290	350	385	205	175
Kurd	2,570	1,415	1,150	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	155	95	60	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	130	40	90	175	90	85
Lebanese	13,125	6,805	6,325	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	4,090	2,280	1,815	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	825	460	360	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	1,120	590	535	975	615	360
Syrian	6,660	3,205	3,450	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	775	390	390	260	135	125
Tatar	865	380	485	790	365	425
Turk	13,345	6,850	6,500	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	200	90	110	120	70	55
Uighur	370	175	185	130	65	60
Uzbek	1,020	530	495	270	150	120
Yemeni	1,405	665	745	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	4,210	2,180	2,030	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	350,035	175,565	174,470	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	18,150	9,430	8,720	1,840	925	920
Bengali	9,455	4,875	4,575	850	405	445
Bhutanese	125	70	45	120	65	55
East Indian	202,675	101,705	100,965	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	1,280	570	710	485	245	240
Gujarati	1,995	1,075	920	700	335	365
Kashmiri	350	185	165	185	100	85
Nepali	3,080	1,515	1,565	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	36,135	18,360	17,775	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	6,205	3,185	3,015	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	1,730	850	880	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	58,185	28,135	30,050	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	20,350	10,295	10,055	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	18,475	9,450	9,025	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	586,510	266,790	319,725	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	1,200	570	630	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,965	1,300	1,660	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	332,830	155,720	177,110	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	162,600	68,735	93,860	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	10	10	10	130	70	60
Indonesian	2,950	1,370	1,585	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	17,260	7,315	9,950	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	230	95	130	895	450	445
Korean	43,455	20,510	22,950	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	1,255	580	675	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	2,875	1,340	1,535	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	1,090	480	610	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	555	240	320	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	4,495	2,020	2,480	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	1,795	640	1,160	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	5,435	2,700	2,725	550	290	260
Vietnamese	36,840	17,305	19,530	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	1,375	700	675	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	4,600	2,310	2,295	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	4,600	2,305	2,295	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	5,790	2,905	2,885	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	3,705	1,945	1,765	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	1,225	635	590	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	1,025	425	590	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	465	160	305	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	125	55	65	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	145	80	65	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	75	15	65	600	275	325
Samoan	65	35	35	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	220	90	125	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	587,095	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	525,830	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	1,112,925	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	292,260	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	820,665	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	22,355	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	310,010	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	315,685	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	270,925	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	193,955	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	559,150	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	150,730	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	119,130	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	94,780	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	189,140	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,054,450	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	58,485	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	978,105	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	134,825	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	363,125	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	347,615	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	109,900	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	85,640	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	58,305	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	67,530	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	80,805	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	1,112,925	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,034,335	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	78,595	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	1,112,925	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	693,405	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	374,460	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,060	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	1,112,930	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	38,565	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	193,900	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	200,750	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	225,775	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	198,425	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	134,370	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	84,310	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	36,840	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	1,110,735	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	704,670	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	406,070	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	328,350	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	587,080	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	57.5	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	27.4	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,496	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,682	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	601,922	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	754,015	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	525,825	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	15.1	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	46.8	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,201	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,242	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	2,294,790	1,092,650	1,202,135	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	377,340	177,785	199,555	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	561,095	276,685	284,405	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,356,360	638,180	718,175	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	94,005	59,525	34,480	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	53,060	30,330	22,735	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	40,945	29,195	11,745	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	362,080	156,110	205,970	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65,015	27,975	37,040	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	835,255	394,575	440,680	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	534,610	245,845	288,770	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	54,570	24,630	29,940	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	23,540	12,070	11,470	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	192,120	93,960	98,160	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	30,415	18,075	12,340	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	1,554,815	745,235	809,575	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	159,790	80,050	79,745	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	317,080	162,485	154,595	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,077,930	502,705	575,230	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	63,315	39,670	23,640	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	36,005	20,535	15,470	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	27,310	19,140	8,170	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	279,675	121,840	157,840	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	48,700	21,085	27,615	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	686,250	320,105	366,140	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	433,620	198,975	234,640	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	43,835	19,135	24,700	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,815	8,885	9,930	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	166,410	79,845	86,565	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	23,565	13,265	10,300	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	2,294,790	1,092,655	1,202,135	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	938,430	454,470	483,965	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	67,335	14,370	52,965	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	67,335	14,365	52,960	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	86,360	39,580	46,785	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10,295	7,565	2,730	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	76,060	32,005	44,055	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	101,440	38,200	63,235	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	12,405	2,990	9,415	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	31,945	10,210	21,735	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	23,770	8,195	15,580	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	665	280	385	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	8,015	4,575	3,440	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,470	3,390	2,080	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	15,360	7,870	7,490	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	3,805	700	3,100	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	215,995	80,300	135,695	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,805	805	3,000	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	27,660	10,905	16,755	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	26,595	2,885	23,710	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	38,050	16,605	21,450	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	3,800	945	2,860	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	29,550	7,530	22,020	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	86,530	40,630	45,905	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	316,580	143,790	172,785	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	610	255	350	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	22,585	5,035	17,545	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	293,385	138,500	154,890	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	63,185	30,155	33,030	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	29,170	12,000	17,165	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,410	5,865	7,550	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	1,380	425	955	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	17,275	11,175	6,100	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,960	695	1,260	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	76,435	49,500	26,940	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	57,245	39,505	17,740	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	3,695	670	3,025	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	14,350	8,490	5,855	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	1,145	830	320	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	203,235	170,735	32,500	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	18,010	11,130	6,880	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	93,105	73,100	20,010	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	31,630	28,215	3,415	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	85	25	60	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	25,275	24,510	770	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	23,110	22,350	760	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	12,020	11,410	605	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,385	7,115	7,270	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,765	4,080	3,690	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	6,620	3,035	3,585	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	161,620	40,270	121,345	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	12,375	6,245	6,130	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	142,005	30,135	111,875	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	7,240	3,895	3,345	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	49,585	24,085	25,495	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	33,385	11,715	21,670	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	210	185	30	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	25	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	9,480	6,475	3,005	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,290	5,525	770	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	210	80	130	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	205	80	125	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	1,554,815	745,240	809,575	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	476,875	242,535	234,345	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	48,015	10,310	37,705	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	48,015	10,310	37,705	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	70,625	32,800	37,825	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	8,245	6,090	2,145	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	62,385	26,710	35,675	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	77,355	28,940	48,420	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	9,450	2,160	7,290	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	24,570	7,840	16,730	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	18,350	6,360	11,985	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	545	235	305	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,215	3,605	2,615	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,875	2,365	1,515	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	11,710	5,965	5,745	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	2,640	405	2,240	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	176,260	64,440	111,820	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,110	680	2,430	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,490	9,345	14,145	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20,460	2,085	18,380	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	32,405	13,120	19,290	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	3,145	800	2,340	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	23,050	5,665	17,385	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	70,600	32,750	37,855	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	259,245	116,615	142,620	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	525	200	320	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,360	4,125	14,230	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	240,360	112,290	128,070	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,015	22,475	25,540	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	22,455	9,170	13,290	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10,355	4,470	5,885	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	1,100	360	745	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	12,630	7,955	4,680	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,470	525	945	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	66,515	43,640	22,875	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	51,575	35,780	15,795	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	2,500	495	2,010	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	11,420	6,640	4,785	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	1,020	730	290	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	154,975	127,815	27,160	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	14,855	8,915	5,940	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	75,175	58,025	17,150	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	23,075	20,575	2,500	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	80	20	60	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	17,955	17,410	545	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	16,100	15,580	520	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	7,735	7,295	440	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,710	5,590	6,125	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	6,170	3,075	3,095	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,540	2,515	3,025	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	127,480	31,675	95,800	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	9,425	4,840	4,585	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	112,440	24,045	88,390	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,615	2,790	2,825	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	37,550	18,320	19,230	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	24,950	8,690	16,260	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	155	130	25	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	95	15	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	7,280	4,910	2,370	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,055	4,495	560	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	180	70	110	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	175	65	110	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	2,294,785	1,092,655	1,202,135	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	938,430	454,470	483,960	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	1,356,360	638,185	718,175	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	929,295	434,090	495,205	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	844,385	392,995	451,390	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	84,910	41,090	43,815	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	427,060	204,095	222,970	504,630	242,530	262,100
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	45,385	24,765	20,615	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	58,775	19,975	38,805	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	42,320	22,135	20,190	44,115	22,045	22,065
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	28,740	15,210	13,530	58,825	31,920	26,910
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	35,475	16,700	18,780	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	4,870	2,630	2,245	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	211,490	102,680	108,805	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	1,554,810	745,235	809,575	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	476,880	242,535	234,340	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	1,077,935	502,700	575,230	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	739,735	344,335	395,390	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	671,340	310,865	360,475	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	68,395	33,470	34,920	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	338,205	158,365	179,840	378,325	172,640	205,685
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	35,025	18,675	16,345	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	50,685	17,040	33,645	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	36,085	18,480	17,605	36,800	17,455	19,345
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	18,570	9,775	8,800	32,890	17,360	15,530
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	29,550	13,710	15,845	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	4,045	2,180	1,870	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	164,240	78,505	85,730	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	2,294,785	1,092,655	1,202,135	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	1,483,680	758,150	725,530	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	1,361,375	697,365	664,010	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	122,305	60,780	61,520	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	811,110	334,505	476,605	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	64.7	69.4	60.4	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	59.3	63.8	55.2	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.0	8.5	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	2,294,785	1,092,650	1,202,135	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	791,790	328,280	463,515	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	1,502,995	764,375	738,620	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	750,555	409,195	341,360	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	752,440	355,180	397,255	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.9	41.7	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	1,483,680	758,150	725,530	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	46,135	21,730	24,405	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	1,437,540	736,420	701,125	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	1,254,610	621,175	633,435	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	182,930	115,245	67,690	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	1,483,680	758,150	725,530	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	46,135	21,735	24,405	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	1,437,545	736,420	701,125	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	163,965	95,505	68,465	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	258,875	98,770	160,105	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	117,635	88,840	28,795	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	84,365	22,000	62,360	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	186,795	60,365	126,430	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	80,195	40,685	39,510	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	345,145	163,920	181,220	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	131,115	122,835	8,280	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,555	6,240	1,315	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	61,900	37,255	24,650	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	1,483,680	758,150	725,530	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	46,135	21,730	24,405	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	1,437,545	736,415	701,125	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,095	1,310	785	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,040	1,345	695	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	5,915	3,855	2,055	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	76,480	68,335	8,140	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	105,285	68,745	36,545	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	50,120	31,395	18,730	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	141,535	66,890	74,650	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	57,910	43,835	14,075	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	61,345	35,255	26,090	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	120,005	60,085	59,920	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	39,935	22,055	17,880	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	175,685	98,535	77,155	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,085	1,755	2,325	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	78,890	42,910	35,980	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	110,280	38,130	72,145	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	143,250	32,215	111,035	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	34,995	18,390	16,605	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	106,905	51,155	55,750	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	67,385	25,510	41,880	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	53,390	24,715	28,680	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	1,361,375	697,365	664,010	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	101,275	52,165	49,110	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	9,045	5,800	3,245	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	156,250	108,045	48,205	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	1,094,805	531,360	563,445	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,094,805	531,360	563,445	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	884,040	405,530	478,505	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	208,165	124,310	83,855	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	2,605	1,520	1,085	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	1,251,055	639,405	611,650	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	575,255	348,270	226,985	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	57,165	21,245	35,925	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	463,000	192,300	270,705	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	107,660	49,540	58,125	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	34,355	21,245	13,110	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	13,605	6,805	6,805	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	1,251,055	639,400	611,655	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	152,755	74,720	78,030	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	354,565	183,060	171,510	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	359,230	189,620	169,610	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	181,670	90,685	90,990	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	202,830	101,320	101,510	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	1,251,055	639,405	611,655	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	56,235	38,495	17,740	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	162,435	96,815	65,620	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	305,355	146,795	158,560	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	335,840	156,755	179,085	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	200,780	97,305	103,480	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	190,410	103,240	87,170	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	1,559,540	792,290	767,240	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	1,522,985	774,885	748,100	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	1,476,165	749,750	726,425	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	1,469,915	747,820	722,090	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	6,255	1,925	4,335	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	46,815	25,135	21,675	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	46,810	25,135	21,675	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,025	620	405	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	95	40	50	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	75	35	40	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	930	580	350	435	295	135
Amharic	55	20	30	15	15	0
Arabic	565	380	180	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	85	70	10	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	160	60	100	75	30	50
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	25	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,055	465	595	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	10	45	30	20
Vietnamese	1,020	440	585	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	635	235	400	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	10	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	10	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	580	215	365	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Creole languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,090	550	535	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	1,060	540	520	30	10	15
Telugu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	13,010	7,330	5,675	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	150	75	70	15	15	0
Armenian	110	55	60	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,385	1,185	1,205	950	440	510
Baltic languages	25	0	25	10	10	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	0	20	10	0	0
Slavic languages	2,360	1,180	1,180	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	15	0	10
Bulgarian	80	45	35	10	0	10
Croatian	45	25	15	30	10	25
Czech	10	0	10	40	20	10
Macedonian	25	20	10	0	0	10
Polish	500	270	230	115	50	70
Russian	1,110	520	590	565	255	315
Serbian	100	70	35	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	45	30	15	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	400	170	230	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	245	100	145	805	465	335
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0
Danish	10	10	10	15	15	0
Dutch	30	30	0	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	45	110	590	330	260
Icelandic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	15	10	10
Swedish	20	10	15	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	0	10	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	275	150	125	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	2,775	1,640	1,135	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	1,375	730	650	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	255	125	130	15	15	0
Gujarati	185	60	125	35	15	25
Hindi	180	110	70	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	15	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410	235	175	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Urdu	300	185	120	45	25	25
Iranian languages	1,400	915	485	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	55	55	10	25	25	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,335	860	475	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,070	4,125	2,940	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	10	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	435	235	205	110	50	60
Portuguese	4,040	2,615	1,420	515	255	260
Romanian	90	40	50	70	45	25
Spanish	2,490	1,235	1,250	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	0
Japanese	605	190	415	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Korean	2,700	1,395	1,310	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	25	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	15	0	15	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	165	80	90	280	90	190
American Sign Language	110	35	75	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	60	40	15	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	25,775	13,850	11,930	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	25,735	13,825	11,905	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	11,880	6,245	5,635	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	10	0	10	15	0	10
Mandarin	13,215	7,270	5,935	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	0	0	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	55	45	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	520	235	280	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	85	50	30
Burmese	10	0	10	25	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	55	35	15
Tibetan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	35	170	65	110
Lao	10	0	10	10	0	10
Thai	60	30	30	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	350	230	115	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0	10	0
Turkish	330	225	110	55	40	15
Uyghur	10	0	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	255	110	145	45	20	25
Estonian	45	10	30	0	0	0
Finnish	35	0	25	25	10	15
Hungarian	180	95	85	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Multiple responses	36,555	17,410	19,145	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	8,130	3,340	4,785	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	27,800	13,775	14,025	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	40	10	25	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	585	285	305	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	1,559,535	792,290	767,240	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	1,428,870	727,745	701,130	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	22,475	10,985	11,500	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	27,840	12,340	15,500	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	77,850	40,035	37,820	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	110	25	85	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	77,740	40,005	37,735	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	55	35	25	60	40	15
English and non-official language	445	225	220	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	1,975	925	1,055	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	20	15	10	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	2,663,550	1,281,735	1,381,820	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	2,284,060	1,094,980	1,189,075	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	379,495	186,750	192,740	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	253,780	124,200	129,575	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	125,715	62,550	63,160	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	65,770	32,415	33,360	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	49,995	24,580	25,415	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	15,780	7,835	7,945	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	59,945	30,140	29,805	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	2,556,120	1,226,450	1,329,665	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	1,516,110	718,935	797,170	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	1,040,015	507,510	532,495	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	639,060	310,250	328,810	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	400,950	197,265	203,685	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	184,120	89,710	94,410	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	141,135	68,975	72,160	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	42,990	20,735	22,250	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	216,835	107,555	109,275	235,730	114,265	121,465