Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saguenay [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Olds [Population centre], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saguenay Quebec [Census metropolitan area]			Olds Alberta [Population centre]
	Data quality , Saguenay [Census metropolitan area], Quebec Map : Saguenay [Census metropolitan area], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Olds [Population centre], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	160,980	...	...	8,944	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	158,658 ^r	...	...	8,025^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	77,968	...	...	3,848	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	72,479	...	...	3,612	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	58.3	...	...	939.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,759.75	...	...	9.52	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	160,980	79,960	81,020	8,940	4,315	4,625
0 to 14 years	24,210	12,290	11,920	1,470	745	725
0 to 4 years	8,130	4,095	4,035	470	240	230
5 to 9 years	8,450	4,280	4,165	525	260	260
10 to 14 years	7,630	3,910	3,725	475	240	235
15 to 64 years	103,645	52,620	51,025	5,510	2,735	2,780
15 to 19 years	7,875	4,070	3,810	495	265	230
20 to 24 years	9,145	4,665	4,480	585	300	285
25 to 29 years	9,050	4,705	4,345	575	295	285
30 to 34 years	9,680	5,085	4,595	605	315	285
35 to 39 years	10,295	5,320	4,970	540	275	265
40 to 44 years	8,775	4,490	4,285	525	260	260
45 to 49 years	8,560	4,250	4,310	545	260	285
50 to 54 years	12,435	6,160	6,275	550	255	300
55 to 59 years	14,550	7,160	7,395	590	295	295
60 to 64 years	13,275	6,705	6,570	510	215	295
65 years and over	33,120	15,055	18,070	1,960	840	1,120
65 to 69 years	11,130	5,555	5,575	510	225	285
70 to 74 years	8,420	4,015	4,410	430	205	225
75 to 79 years	5,620	2,515	3,105	345	155	190
80 to 84 years	4,135	1,720	2,415	300	125	175
85 years and over	3,815	1,245	2,570	370	125	245
85 to 89 years	2,540	895	1,640	205	80	130
90 to 94 years	1,060	315	745	130	40	95
95 to 99 years	190	30	160	25	10	15
100 years and over	25	5	20	10	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.4	14.7	16.4	17.3	15.7
15 to 64 years	64.4	65.8	63.0	61.6	63.4	60.1
65 years and over	20.6	18.8	22.3	21.9	19.5	24.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.2	4.1	2.9	5.3
Average age of the population	43.8	42.8	44.8	42.7	40.9	44.3
Median age of the population	45.9	44.2	47.4	42.0	39.4	44.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
Single-detached house	36,905	...	...	2,210	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,155	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	33,985	...	...	1,185	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,455	...	...	350	...	...
Row house	1,580	...	...	140	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,375	...	...	165	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,320	...	...	515	...	...
Other single-attached house	265	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	435	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	72,475	...	...	3,615	...	...
1 person	23,670	...	...	980	...	...
2 persons	28,320	...	...	1,415	...	...
3 persons	9,475	...	...	495	...	...
4 persons	7,710	...	...	450	...	...
5 or more persons	3,300	...	...	265	...	...
Number of persons in private households	157,165	...	...	8,575	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	136,770	67,670	69,095	7,470	3,575	3,895
Married or living common law	82,255	41,070	41,180	4,460	2,230	2,235
Married	46,650	23,325	23,330	3,820	1,915	1,910
Living common law	35,605	17,750	17,855	640	320	320
Not married and not living common law	54,515	26,600	27,910	3,010	1,340	1,670
Never married	35,230	19,915	15,315	1,710	955	755
Separated	1,665	800	865	180	65	115
Divorced	9,025	3,910	5,115	500	195	305
Widowed	8,595	1,980	6,615	620	125	495
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	47,020	...	...	2,495	...	...
2 persons	27,755	...	...	1,410	...	...
3 persons	8,970	...	...	450	...	...
4 persons	7,435	...	...	425	...	...
5 or more persons	2,860	...	...	205	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	47,020	...	...	2,495	...	...
Total couple families	40,560	...	...	2,170	...	...
Married couples	22,775	...	...	1,850	...	...
Common-law couples	17,790	...	...	320	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,460	...	...	320	...	...
Female parent	4,670	...	...	255	...	...
Male parent	1,785	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	40,560	...	...	2,170	...	...
Couples without children	23,675	...	...	1,220	...	...
Couples with children	16,885	...	...	945	...	...
1 child	7,080	...	...	350	...	...
2 children	7,025	...	...	395	...	...
3 or more children	2,785	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,460	...	...	320	...	...
1 child	4,085	...	...	190	...	...
2 children	1,890	...	...	100	...	...
3 or more children	485	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,980	15,280	14,700	1,605	740	860
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	72,475	...	...	3,615	...	...
One-census-family households	46,390	...	...	2,415	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	23,350	...	...	1,190	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	23,040	...	...	1,220	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	315	...	...	35	...	...
Non-census-family households	25,775	...	...	1,160	...	...
One-person households	23,675	...	...	985	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,100	...	...	180	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	159,225	79,315	79,915	8,685	4,245	4,445
English only	270	135	130	8,330	4,075	4,255
French only	123,830	58,235	65,590	0	0	0
English and French	35,090	20,920	14,175	330	155	175
Neither English nor French	45	20	25	25	15	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	159,230	79,310	79,915	8,690	4,245	4,445
English	1,425	760	660	8,570	4,185	4,390
French	157,515	78,410	79,105	85	45	45
English and French	260	130	130	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	30	20	15	30	15	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,550	820	725	85	45	45
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	159,225	79,315	79,915	8,690	4,245	4,445
Single responses	158,595	78,990	79,605	8,595	4,200	4,390
Official languages	157,390	78,380	79,010	7,910	3,870	4,045
English	1,325	715	610	7,820	3,820	3,995
French	156,060	77,660	78,400	90	45	45
Non-official languages	1,210	615	595	685	330	350
Aboriginal languages	100	45	55	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	90	45	50	0	5	0
Atikamekw	50	25	25	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	45	15	25	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,110	570	540	685	330	350
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	135	80	25	10	15
Berber languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	120	70	25	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	185	115	70	30	15	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	25	250	115	135
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	5	0	5	15	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malagasy	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	220	100	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	10	5	5
Tamil	0	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	535	245	290	360	185	170
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	35	50	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	35	50	55	25	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	10	15	10	5	5
Russian	15	5	10	10	10	5
Serbian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	25	5	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	25	25	200	95	100
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dutch	10	5	5	40	15	20
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	40	20	15	125	60	70
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	10	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	5	45	25	15
Bengali	10	5	0	10	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	5	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	5	5	5
Iranian languages	15	5	10	5	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	365	165	205	45	30	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Italian	35	25	15	0	0	5
Portuguese	50	20	30	0	0	0
Romanian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	260	115	150	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	100	60	40	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	0	5	0	0
Wolof	25	10	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40	15	10	0
Chinese languages	85	45	40	15	5	5
Cantonese	5	5	0	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	35	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	630	320	310	95	45	50
English and French	450	235	220	15	5	10
English and non-official language	15	5	10	75	35	40
French and non-official language	155	75	85	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	159,225	79,315	79,915	8,690	4,245	4,445
Single responses	158,520	78,950	79,570	8,555	4,190	4,365
Official languages	158,080	78,745	79,335	8,240	4,025	4,215
English	990	535	460	8,230	4,020	4,210
French	157,095	78,210	78,880	15	5	5
Non-official languages	435	205	230	310	165	150
Aboriginal languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Atikamekw	25	15	15	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	390	185	200	315	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	20	5	10
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	20	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	55	25	30	20	5	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	0	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	160	80	80
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	150	80	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	10	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	90	120	105	60	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	20	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	20	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	5	0	5
Russian	5	5	5	5	5	0
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	35	20	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	15	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	30	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	25	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	5	0	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	65	95	15	15	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	145	55	85	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	20	5	5	5
Chinese languages	50	30	20	10	5	5
Cantonese	5	0	5	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	25	15	0	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	710	365	345	135	55	80
English and French	375	205	165	10	0	5
English and non-official language	5	5	0	125	55	70
French and non-official language	275	125	150	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	55	25	25	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	159,225	79,310	79,915	8,690	4,245	4,445
None	153,655	76,200	77,450	8,275	4,045	4,235
English	4,180	2,430	1,745	140	70	70
French	630	310	320	55	25	30
Non-official language	640	305	335	210	100	110
Aboriginal	35	20	25	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	600	285	315	205	95	105
English and French	25	15	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	85	45	35	5	5	0
French and non-official language	15	5	10	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	133,005	66,340	66,665	7,105	3,455	3,655
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	128,755	64,670	64,085	6,880	3,355	3,525
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,391	41,602	25,465	37,990	50,688	29,321
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	128,855	64,675	64,185	6,880	3,355	3,525
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,700	35,976	23,547	34,593	44,268	27,413
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	112,905	59,130	53,780	6,475	3,225	3,250
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,888	37,364	22,512	34,852	48,090	25,395
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	100,835	47,775	53,065	4,420	1,755	2,665
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,547	8,455	8,624	7,205	9,216	6,416
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	90,735	49,925	40,810	5,235	2,720	2,510
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,769	35,344	24,674	35,273	48,540	26,891
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	133,005	66,340	66,670	7,135	3,470	3,665
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,720	64,710	64,015	6,950	3,380	3,565
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,886	49,042	32,642	52,461	67,940	37,781
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,820	64,715	64,105	6,950	3,385	3,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,896	39,870	27,865	43,665	54,981	32,934
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,090	59,300	53,790	6,530	3,225	3,305
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,358	46,307	29,593	49,973	66,158	34,167
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	100,865	47,765	53,105	4,445	1,780	2,660
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,171	8,948	9,372	8,597	9,165	8,217
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	90,735	49,940	40,800	5,250	2,700	2,555
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,125	43,463	31,591	50,402	65,237	34,751
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	133,005	66,340	66,670	7,135	3,470	3,665
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	38,315	21,855	16,460	2,170	1,285	885
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,961	54,248	39,543	55,207	69,189	45,486
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,159	62,201	45,811	71,762	85,272	52,164
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.5	86.6	76.2	89.2	92.8	83.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	65.5	67.9	61.8	72.2	76.4	64.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.5	13.4	23.7	10.7	7.3	16.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	133,005	66,340	66,665	7,105	3,455	3,650
Without total income	4,245	1,670	2,575	225	100	125
With total income	128,755	64,675	64,085	6,885	3,360	3,525
Percentage with total income	96.8	97.5	96.1	96.9	97.3	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,080	5,490	9,590	740	250	490
$10,000 to $19,999	24,220	8,635	15,585	1,010	360	650
$20,000 to $29,999	19,250	7,910	11,340	1,025	370	655
$30,000 to $39,999	17,400	8,750	8,650	810	335	480
$40,000 to $49,999	15,895	9,045	6,845	700	340	360
$50,000 to $59,999	11,330	7,075	4,260	580	290	285
$60,000 to $69,999	7,510	4,915	2,590	455	270	180
$70,000 to $79,999	5,405	3,300	2,105	350	225	130
$80,000 to $89,999	3,215	2,085	1,125	240	165	70
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605	2,015	585	205	140	70
$100,000 and over	6,855	5,445	1,410	770	605	160
$100,000 to $149,999	5,200	4,205	995	515	390	125
$150,000 and over	1,650	1,245	410	250	215	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	133,005	66,340	66,660	7,110	3,455	3,655
Without after-tax income	4,150	1,665	2,480	225	100	125
With after-tax income	128,860	64,675	64,180	6,880	3,355	3,525
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	97.5	96.3	96.8	97.1	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,125	5,585	10,545	750	250	500
$10,000 to $19,999	25,160	9,140	16,020	1,075	380	695
$20,000 to $29,999	23,810	10,380	13,425	1,175	430	745
$30,000 to $39,999	22,545	12,230	10,315	955	425	540
$40,000 to $49,999	16,525	10,230	6,290	825	430	390
$50,000 to $59,999	9,650	6,185	3,465	610	365	245
$60,000 to $69,999	5,860	3,750	2,110	430	270	160
$70,000 to $79,999	3,835	2,995	840	285	200	80
$80,000 and over	5,355	4,185	1,170	775	610	170
$80,000 to $89,999	2,070	1,680	395	235	170	70
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060	830	230	155	115	35
$100,000 and over	2,220	1,675	545	380	325	60
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	133,005	66,340	66,665	7,105	3,455	3,650
Without employment income	42,270	16,415	25,855	1,875	735	1,135
With employment income	90,740	49,930	40,810	5,235	2,720	2,510
Percentage with employment income	68.2	75.3	61.2	73.7	78.7	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,025	8,540	5,485	675	315	360
$5,000 to $9,999	6,825	2,885	3,945	395	160	235
$10,000 to $19,999	13,170	5,405	7,760	705	275	435
$20,000 to $29,999	11,640	5,175	6,465	560	230	330
$30,000 to $39,999	10,975	5,640	5,340	505	200	310
$40,000 to $49,999	8,930	5,135	3,795	455	205	245
$50,000 to $59,999	6,320	3,835	2,485	380	200	175
$60,000 to $69,999	4,840	3,160	1,680	320	200	120
$70,000 to $79,999	4,230	2,505	1,725	265	175	95
$80,000 and over	9,775	7,650	2,125	965	760	205
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	1,665	715	190	140	45
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,650	425	165	115	50
$100,000 and over	5,325	4,335	990	610	500	110
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,243	...	...	78,517	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	51,625	...	...	69,495	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	23,670	...	...	985	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,125	...	...	37,035	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,655	...	...	33,664	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	48,805	...	...	2,630	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,150	...	...	97,195	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,144	...	...	84,015	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	72,475	...	...	3,610	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,613	...	...	100,971	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	60,244	...	...	84,043	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	23,670	...	...	980	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,690	...	...	45,046	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,012	...	...	38,751	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	48,815	...	...	2,630	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,029	...	...	121,789	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,417	...	...	100,902	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	72,480	...	...	3,615	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,140	...	...	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,800	...	...	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,980	...	...	90	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,735	...	...	200	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,045	...	...	120	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,795	...	...	120	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,815	...	...	155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,715	...	...	140	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,565	...	...	130	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,640	...	...	290	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,020	...	...	255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,955	...	...	230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,290	...	...	215	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,740	...	...	185	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,735	...	...	1,375	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,840	...	...	435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,160	...	...	305	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,735	...	...	330	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,005	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	72,480	...	...	3,615	...	...
Under $5,000	555	...	...	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,160	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,810	...	...	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,155	...	...	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,250	...	...	210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,775	...	...	135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,760	...	...	140	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,670	...	...	170	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,305	...	...	170	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,445	...	...	180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,795	...	...	320	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,555	...	...	285	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,425	...	...	300	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,385	...	...	225	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,395	...	...	230	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,025	...	...	1,035	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,400	...	...	435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,465	...	...	245	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,165	...	...	350	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	47,285	...	...	2,495	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,875	...	...	95,972	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,596	...	...	82,944	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	22,990	...	...	1,170	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,166	...	...	83,712	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,190	...	...	73,911	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	16,960	...	...	950	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,722	...	...	125,440	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,105	...	...	106,715	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,315	...	...	300	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,784	...	...	63,168	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,380	...	...	57,408	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	47,295	...	...	2,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,746	...	...	122,699	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,894	...	...	101,369	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	22,975	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,850	...	...	109,581	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,426	...	...	89,842	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	16,930	...	...	985	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	120,527	...	...	150,284	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,846	...	...	124,069	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,315	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,418	...	...	85,629	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,864	...	...	73,121	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	27,715	14,240	13,470	1,420	660	765
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,476	32,445	23,561	35,488	44,160	31,488
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,392	28,672	22,854	32,585	38,528	29,248
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	27,605	14,190	13,420	1,410	615	795
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,168	38,430	31,718	42,440	44,954	40,495
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,852	31,865	27,724	36,659	38,166	35,492
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	157,165	78,595	78,565	8,575	4,200	4,375
In the bottom half of the distribution	90,140	43,920	46,220	3,710	1,710	2,000
In the bottom decile	12,435	6,065	6,370	550	260	285
In the second decile	16,725	7,310	9,415	675	280	395
In the third decile	19,080	9,260	9,820	685	295	395
In the fourth decile	21,325	10,700	10,630	870	410	455
In the fifth decile	20,570	10,580	9,985	940	470	475
In the top half of the distribution	67,025	34,680	32,345	4,860	2,485	2,375
In the sixth decile	18,920	9,665	9,250	895	440	455
In the seventh decile	16,535	8,575	7,960	850	425	420
In the eighth decile	14,005	7,205	6,795	940	490	450
In the ninth decile	10,790	5,700	5,095	1,080	555	530
In the top decile	6,780	3,540	3,245	1,100	575	525
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	157,165	78,600	78,570	8,575	4,195	4,375
0 to 17 years	28,620	14,600	14,025	1,760	890	870
0 to 5 years	9,825	4,935	4,885	580	295	280
18 to 64 years	98,410	49,810	48,605	5,160	2,555	2,610
65 years and over	30,130	14,190	15,940	1,645	755	895
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,730	9,330	11,400	790	355	435
0 to 17 years	3,105	1,635	1,470	215	115	100
0 to 5 years	1,015	535	480	75	45	30
18 to 64 years	12,005	5,750	6,255	450	205	245
65 years and over	5,620	1,940	3,680	125	35	90
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	11.9	14.5	9.2	8.5	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	11.2	10.5	12.2	12.9	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.8	9.8	12.9	15.3	10.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	11.5	12.9	8.7	8.0	9.4
65 years and over (%)	18.7	13.7	23.1	7.6	4.6	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,465	4,810	4,650	345	170	180
0 to 17 years	1,225	675	550	90	45	50
0 to 5 years	405	220	185	25	15	10
18 to 64 years	7,635	3,910	3,725	235	115	120
65 years and over	605	225	380	20	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.1	5.9	4.0	4.1	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.6	3.9	5.1	5.1	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	4.5	3.8	4.3	5.1	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.7	4.6	4.5	4.6
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.6	2.4	1.2	0.7	1.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	157,165	78,595	78,570	8,585	4,215	4,370
Official languages	157,110	78,565	78,535	8,535	4,185	4,350
English	35,145	20,755	14,390	8,530	4,185	4,345
French	156,870	78,445	78,425	325	125	200
Non-official languages	4,410	1,930	2,480	870	360	515
Aboriginal languages	160	70	90	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	150	65	85	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	155	70	85	0	0	10
Atikamekw	80	40	40	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	60	25	40	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,250	1,860	2,395	870	360	510
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	185	130	65	35	30
Berber languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	305	180	125	65	35	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	300	175	125	65	30	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	20	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	20	45	290	110	185
Bikol	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	30	10	30
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	0	25	270	105	165
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,320	1,370	1,950	440	195	250
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	90	85	60	25	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	175	90	85	60	25	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	60	25	40	25	10	10
Russian	55	40	15	20	15	10
Serbian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	25	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	315	155	160	220	90	130
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	0	15	75	40	35
Frisian	0	0	0	30	10	20
German	275	140	135	135	45	85
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	10
Swedish	10	10	0	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greek	10	10	10	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	100	45	55	75	40	35
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	30	80	45	35
Bengali	10	10	0	15	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	0	35	25	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	15	0	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	20	25	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	25	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,825	1,115	1,710	85	35	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	175	70	100	0	10	10
Portuguese	110	50	60	10	0	10
Romanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	2,610	1,005	1,610	70	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	15	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	160	95	65	10	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	45	30	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	45	15	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	100	50	55	15	0	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	50	15	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	60	80	20	15	10
Chinese languages	140	55	85	15	15	0
Cantonese	20	10	10	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	120	50	70	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	15	10	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	15	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	35	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	40	30	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	157,170	78,595	78,570	8,585	4,210	4,375
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	155,890	77,910	77,980	8,145	4,010	4,135
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,330	14,530	13,800	1,600	820	785
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	127,560	63,385	64,175	6,545	3,190	3,350
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,275	690	585	435	200	235
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	157,165	78,595	78,565	8,585	4,215	4,375
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	154,475	77,230	77,245	7,690	3,845	3,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,035	985	1,055	805	325	485
Before 1981	305	190	110	285	95	185
1981 to 1990	230	105	125	75	35	40
1991 to 2000	390	185	205	45	20	30
2001 to 2010	705	280	425	130	75	55
2001 to 2005	260	100	160	55	35	25
2006 to 2010	445	185	265	75	45	30
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	405	215	190	275	105	170
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	650	385	265	80	50	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,035	985	1,055	805	325	485
Under 5 years	470	185	290	105	45	60
5 to 14 years	245	125	120	165	50	105
15 to 24 years	285	135	150	145	65	85
25 to 44 years	995	510	485	360	155	210
45 years and over	45	40	0	30	0	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,035	985	1,050	810	325	485
Americas	385	165	225	105	20	85
Brazil	20	10	10	0	0	0
Colombia	75	35	35	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	95	35	55	0	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mexico	30	10	15	0	0	0
Peru	25	10	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	60	35	25	80	15	70
Other places of birth in Americas	65	20	50	10	0	10
Europe	790	435	360	305	135	170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	15	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	405	225	180	0	0	0
Germany	60	35	20	65	25	40
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hungary	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Italy	40	30	0	10	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	50	25	25
Poland	35	15	25	35	15	15
Portugal	25	10	20	0	0	10
Romania	30	15	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	20	10	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	20	10	95	55	40
Other places of birth in Europe	85	45	40	40	10	25
Africa	390	220	170	15	0	0
Algeria	105	60	45	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	75	40	35	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	195	105	90	10	0	0
Asia	465	165	300	370	155	215
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	180	30	150	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	10	0	10
India	50	25	25	20	15	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	40	20	20	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	10	30	15	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	45	15	35	240	85	150
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	45	20	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	30	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	405	215	185	275	105	170
Americas	60	25	35	10	0	10
Brazil	0	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	145	85	55	30	15	15
France	135	75	55	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	10	0	10
Africa	130	80	50	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	35	10	25	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	40	10	0	0	0
Asia	65	25	45	230	85	150
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	20	10	15	175	60	115
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	157,165	78,600	78,570	8,585	4,215	4,375
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,865	1,470	1,395	935	390	540
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,215	1,060	1,150	1,430	720	700
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	152,095	76,070	76,020	6,225	3,095	3,130
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,740	795	945	545	240	300
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	830	455	375	340	165	175
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	445	310	135	140	80	60
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	385	145	235	205	90	120
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	765	255	510	155	50	100
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	135	70	60	45	25	20
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	157,165	78,595	78,570	8,585	4,210	4,375
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	6,705	3,655	3,050	295	135	150
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	6,480	3,550	2,930	275	130	145
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,760	930	830	75	35	40
Métis	4,670	2,605	2,065	200	90	110
Inuk (Inuit)	50	15	35	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	105	65	40	10	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	115	45	75	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	150,465	74,940	75,525	8,290	4,070	4,220
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	157,170	78,600	78,565	8,585	4,210	4,370
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,840	925	915	45	25	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	155,330	77,675	77,655	8,535	4,185	4,350
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	157,165	78,600	78,565	8,585	4,210	4,370
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,690	1,945	1,745	55	15	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,545	1,860	1,680	55	15	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,810	915	890	15	10	10
Métis single ancestry	1,720	940	780	45	10	30
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	140	85	60	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	140	85	55	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	6,175	3,175	3,000	370	180	190
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	6,050	3,110	2,940	365	180	185
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	1,990	2,050	180	90	85
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,960	1,090	870	185	90	95
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	30	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	125	65	50	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	60	40	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	147,305	73,475	73,830	8,160	4,020	4,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	157,165	78,595	78,570	8,585	4,215	4,375
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,005	980	1,030	650	290	360
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	120	55	55	105	50	55
Chinese	275	80	200	45	35	10
Black	665	350	315	55	25	30
Filipino	65	30	40	305	120	185
Latin American	230	95	135	0	0	0
Arab	325	185	145	65	35	35
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	155	80	75	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	65	40	25	15	10	10
Korean	25	20	10	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	35	15	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	40	30	10	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	25	15	15	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	155,160	77,620	77,540	7,935	3,925	4,010
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	157,165	78,595	78,565	8,585	4,210	4,370
North American Aboriginal origins	9,865	5,120	4,740	425	190	230
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,105	3,055	3,050	195	95	100
Inuit	100	45	55	0	0	0
Métis	3,925	2,170	1,750	235	95	135
Other North American origins	128,995	64,130	64,855	2,405	1,295	1,110
Acadian	810	425	390	70	30	40
American	400	155	245	195	105	90
Canadian	125,025	62,030	62,995	2,220	1,200	1,020
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Québécois	3,940	2,100	1,835	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	43,905	22,285	21,625	6,710	3,230	3,480
British Isles origins	8,830	4,495	4,335	4,715	2,285	2,430
Channel Islander	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,450	805	640	2,965	1,440	1,525
Irish	5,235	2,540	2,695	1,825	850	975
Manx	0	0	0	15	0	10
Scottish	3,090	1,625	1,465	2,035	980	1,055
Welsh	15	10	10	405	190	210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90	45	45	135	60	65
French origins	36,190	18,380	17,810	875	400	480
Alsatian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	190	85	105	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	10	0	0	0
French	36,055	18,310	17,755	880	400	475
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,775	945	830	2,495	1,240	1,255
Austrian	25	20	10	80	30	50
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	420	215	200	60	25	40
Dutch	225	125	95	450	225	230
Flemish	25	20	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,010	520	495	2,000	980	1,015
Luxembourger	0	10	0	10	10	0
Swiss	175	85	90	80	50	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	650	320	335	1,115	545	565
Danish	55	35	25	205	125	80
Finnish	45	20	25	75	30	40
Icelandic	0	0	0	110	40	70
Norwegian	450	215	230	485	210	275
Swedish	30	10	20	320	150	170
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	60	35	30	45	30	20
Eastern European origins	585	315	270	1,245	545	695
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	20	0	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	45	15	30	90	40	50
Latvian	0	10	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	30	25	0	10	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	290	140	150	315	140	180
Romanian	40	25	15	60	30	30
Russian	90	55	35	265	135	135
Slovak	0	0	0	15	0	0
Ukrainian	125	60	65	670	275	395
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,495	780	715	285	120	160
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	20	15	15	15	10	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	25	30	30	10	15
Italian	880	475	415	185	85	100
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	285	145	140	30	0	30
Serbian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	235	115	120	35	20	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	150	70	80	10	10	0
Basque	40	25	15	0	0	0
Jewish	20	10	20	0	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	90	40	50	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	205	75	130	50	15	35
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dominican	15	0	15	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	125	50	70	0	0	10
Jamaican	0	10	0	40	10	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	20	10	20	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	335	175	165	25	15	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chilean	40	15	30	0	0	0
Colombian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Guyanese	20	10	10	0	0	10
Hispanic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	45	30	15	10	15	0
Nicaraguan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	980	560	415	30	20	15
Central and West African origins	320	180	140	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	35	20	15	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	70	55	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	90	45	45	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15	10	10	0	0	0
North African origins	430	265	160	10	10	0
Algerian	180	110	70	0	0	0
Berber	45	35	10	0	0	0
Coptic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	50	40	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	75	40	40	0	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	35	20	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	170	90	80	20	15	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	55	30	25	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	110	55	50	15	10	0
Asian origins	1,030	480	545	620	260	360
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	320	180	140	135	60	80
Afghan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	60	30	25	15	10	10
Armenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	90	65	25	40	15	25
Palestinian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	65	25	40	45	25	15
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	40	25	15	10	0	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	10	0	0
South Asian origins	125	70	55	95	40	50
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	125	70	55	70	35	35
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	585	230	355	395	160	235
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese	310	100	210	50	35	15
Filipino	95	40	55	305	110	195
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10	35	10	25
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	15	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	95	60	40	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	15	0	10	35	20	15
Australian	10	0	0	10	0	10
New Zealander	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	10	20	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	20	0	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
Owner	46,625	...	...	2,665	...	...
Renter	25,850	...	...	945	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	72,475	...	...	3,610	...	...
Condominium	4,640	...	...	360	...	...
Not condominium	67,835	...	...	3,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	9,045	...	...	260	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,755	...	...	830	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,125	...	...	1,090	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,280	...	...	1,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,800	...	...	745	...	...
5 rooms	12,400	...	...	570	...	...
6 rooms	8,520	...	...	440	...	...
7 rooms	8,845	...	...	515	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,915	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
One person or fewer per room	72,370	...	...	3,560	...	...
More than 1 person per room	110	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
Suitable	71,740	...	...	3,530	...	...
Not suitable	735	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
1960 or before	19,210	...	...	475	...	...
1961 to 1980	25,725	...	...	950	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,425	...	...	395	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,080	...	...	575	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,375	...	...	430	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,625	...	...	480	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	4,040	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	68,565	...	...	3,465	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,915	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
1 household maintainer	47,310	...	...	2,075	...	...
2 household maintainers	24,770	...	...	1,450	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	400	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	72,480	...	...	3,610	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,650	...	...	150	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,885	...	...	545	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,915	...	...	595	...	...
45 to 54 years	12,285	...	...	565	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,410	...	...	655	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,405	...	...	620	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,180	...	...	380	...	...
85 years and over	1,755	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	72,250	...	...	3,600	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	60,040	...	...	2,845	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,210	...	...	755	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,220	...	...	665	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	46,475	...	...	2,665	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.3	...	...	57.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.8	...	...	13.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	934	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	977	...	...	1,304	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,047	...	...	320,867	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	216,218	...	...	338,563	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,830	...	...	945	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	29.7	...	...	42.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	587	...	...	1,102	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	643	...	...	1,113	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	133,005	66,340	66,665	7,135	3,470	3,665
No certificate, diploma or degree	23,505	11,160	12,345	1,245	660	585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,645	11,800	13,845	2,125	1,070	1,055
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	83,860	43,380	40,480	3,760	1,735	2,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	32,710	20,490	12,230	815	615	200
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,930	13,530	10,400	210	115	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,785	6,955	1,830	605	500	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	26,020	11,780	14,245	1,710	625	1,085
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,675	1,780	2,895	165	80	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	20,450	9,335	11,110	1,070	420	650
Bachelor's degree	14,375	6,315	8,060	770	275	495
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,440	600	840	75	30	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	600	305	295	35	30	10
Master's degree	3,370	1,705	1,665	170	80	95
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	665	415	250	20	15	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	85,965	43,325	42,640	4,455	2,180	2,280
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,465	4,845	4,620	570	345	230
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,360	6,355	7,005	1,235	610	625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,145	32,130	31,015	2,645	1,220	1,425
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25,205	15,435	9,775	510	400	105
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	18,715	10,215	8,500	125	80	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,490	5,220	1,270	375	320	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,735	8,470	10,265	1,155	435	725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,940	1,175	1,770	110	65	50
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	16,265	7,050	9,215	870	325	545
Bachelor's degree	11,525	4,875	6,645	645	210	430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,030	350	680	45	20	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	220	265	35	25	10
Master's degree	2,735	1,325	1,410	130	60	70
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	490	285	205	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	133,005	66,335	66,665	7,130	3,470	3,660
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	49,140	22,960	26,185	3,375	1,730	1,645
Education	6,975	1,735	5,245	370	125	250
13. Education	6,975	1,735	5,245	375	125	250
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,685	730	960	100	60	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	370	155	220	30	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,310	580	730	70	35	35
Humanities	3,325	1,415	1,905	155	75	80
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	280	40	235	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	40	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,795	780	1,015	35	25	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	100	65	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	150	160	80	30	50
54. History	275	185	90	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	435	135	295	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,940	1,155	3,785	215	55	160
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	35	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	200	275	25	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,895	65	1,830	40	0	40
22. Legal professions and studies	530	170	365	50	15	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	210	15	190	0	0	0
42. Psychology	920	210	705	40	10	35
45. Social sciences	850	470	380	55	30	30
Business, management and public administration	18,175	5,425	12,750	660	155	495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,510	295	1,215	40	0	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,650	5,130	11,520	620	155	465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,410	1,435	975	75	30	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	200	315	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	245	140	105	30	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	530	310	225	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	925	665	260	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	115	75	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,055	1,405	650	70	30	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,620	1,240	385	35	15	15
25. Library science	285	55	230	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	55	40	25	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	50	55	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	24,395	22,770	1,625	945	880	70
04. Architecture and related services	610	380	230	15	10	0
14. Engineering	2,285	2,010	275	60	50	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,260	4,645	615	175	150	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,790	5,610	175	240	230	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,770	5,620	145	310	310	0
48. Precision production	4,690	4,500	190	145	130	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,120	1,600	515	230	135	95
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	600	325	275	195	115	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,520	1,275	245	35	20	15
Health and related fields	10,680	2,095	8,580	715	110	605
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	555	365	190	60	20	40
51. Health professions and related programs	9,945	1,615	8,330	650	90	560
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	180	125	60	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,100	3,615	3,485	225	75	150
12. Personal and culinary services	4,180	990	3,190	155	35	120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,165	960	205	25	10	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,670	1,585	85	50	40	15
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	85,970	43,330	42,640	4,455	2,180	2,280
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	22,825	11,195	11,625	1,810	950	855
Education	4,170	965	3,205	265	80	190
13. Education	4,170	965	3,210	265	80	190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,250	555	700	50	25	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	110	115	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,025	445	580	35	20	15
Humanities	1,800	750	1,050	105	75	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	235	35	205	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	20	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	870	425	445	30	25	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	30	10	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	50	65	50	20	25
54. History	165	95	65	0	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	275	65	210	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,005	875	3,130	160	45	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	35	35	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	400	170	230	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,585	45	1,540	20	10	20
22. Legal professions and studies	440	115	325	50	15	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	140	10	135	0	0	0
42. Psychology	705	155	550	35	0	30
45. Social sciences	665	340	320	45	25	20
Business, management and public administration	14,415	4,005	10,410	480	130	360
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,215	210	1,005	40	0	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,190	3,795	9,395	450	120	325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,495	855	640	55	30	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	150	275	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	100	55	30	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	80	45	30	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	710	495	215	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	60	65	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,710	1,160	555	55	20	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,360	1,045	315	20	15	10
25. Library science	245	45	205	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	30	35	25	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	35	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	18,845	17,445	1,400	610	575	40
04. Architecture and related services	525	315	210	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,905	1,640	270	45	30	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,085	3,565	515	125	105	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,280	4,145	135	140	140	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,475	4,355	120	195	190	0
48. Precision production	3,575	3,425	150	100	95	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,735	1,295	440	180	105	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	480	260	220	145	85	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,255	1,035	220	30	20	10
Health and related fields	8,095	1,490	6,600	525	90	435
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	445	300	150	45	15	35
51. Health professions and related programs	7,505	1,100	6,405	475	80	395
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	145	90	50	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,625	2,745	2,875	160	55	105
12. Personal and culinary services	3,325	695	2,635	120	25	90
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	35	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	865	695	170	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,365	1,295	70	35	25	10
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	133,005	66,340	66,670	7,130	3,470	3,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,145	22,955	26,185	3,375	1,735	1,640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	83,860	43,385	40,480	3,760	1,740	2,025
Location of study inside Canada	82,855	42,800	40,055	3,360	1,540	1,820
Same as province or territory of residence	81,680	42,090	39,590	2,610	1,225	1,380
Different than province or territory of residence	1,180	710	465	750	315	435
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,005	585	420	400	195	205
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	120	80	40	100	60	40
Philippines	15	0	10	135	50	80
India	20	10	10	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20	15	0	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	15	10	0	10	0
France	410	250	160	0	0	0
Other	405	215	190	120	65	55
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	85,965	43,325	42,635	4,455	2,175	2,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,825	11,195	11,625	1,810	955	855
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	63,140	32,125	31,015	2,645	1,225	1,425
Location of study inside Canada	62,385	31,725	30,665	2,330	1,070	1,260
Same as province or territory of residence	61,485	31,225	30,260	1,820	850	970
Different than province or territory of residence	905	500	405	510	220	295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	755	405	350	315	155	160
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	70	40	30	35	30	10
Philippines	15	0	15	135	50	80
India	10	0	10	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	10	0	20	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	20	0	0	10	0
France	290	180	115	0	0	0
Other	345	165	180	100	50	50
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	133,005	66,340	66,665	7,135	3,470	3,665
In the labour force	79,170	42,320	36,850	4,855	2,570	2,290
Employed	72,475	37,815	34,660	4,420	2,265	2,155
Unemployed	6,695	4,510	2,190	440	305	135
Not in the labour force	53,835	24,020	29,820	2,275	900	1,375
Participation rate	59.5	63.8	55.3	68.0	74.1	62.5
Employment rate	54.5	57.0	52.0	61.9	65.3	58.8
Unemployment rate	8.5	10.7	5.9	9.1	11.9	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	133,005	66,340	66,665	7,130	3,470	3,665
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	50,080	21,980	28,100	2,015	805	1,205
Worked	82,925	44,355	38,565	5,120	2,660	2,455
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	38,825	22,150	16,680	2,275	1,360	915
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	44,095	22,210	21,890	2,845	1,305	1,540
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.2	42.5	41.6	42.3	40.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	79,170	42,320	36,850	4,860	2,565	2,290
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,755	970	785	65	40	25
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	77,420	41,355	36,065	4,790	2,530	2,260
Employee	71,005	37,875	33,135	4,110	2,105	2,005
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,410	3,480	2,930	680	420	255
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	79,170	42,320	36,845	4,855	2,570	2,285
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,750	965	785	65	40	25
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	77,420	41,350	36,065	4,790	2,530	2,265
0 Management occupations	6,280	3,940	2,340	530	330	200
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,905	3,085	7,820	575	120	450
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,570	4,505	1,065	180	155	25
3 Health occupations	6,280	1,075	5,200	355	60	290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,785	3,120	6,670	515	150	365
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,605	745	865	125	45	75
6 Sales and service occupations	18,980	7,970	11,010	1,120	395	725
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,310	12,860	450	890	835	55
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,260	1,110	145	310	260	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,445	2,940	500	190	170	20
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	79,170	42,320	36,850	4,855	2,565	2,290
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,750	970	780	65	40	25
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	77,420	41,355	36,070	4,795	2,530	2,265
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,205	885	315	140	115	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	855	745	110	290	270	20
22 Utilities	940	800	135	45	35	10
23 Construction	5,780	5,210	570	540	465	75
31-33 Manufacturing	8,215	6,785	1,430	250	190	60
41 Wholesale trade	2,040	1,565	480	130	110	20
44-45 Retail trade	10,755	4,645	6,110	615	265	355
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,685	2,270	415	225	165	60
51 Information and cultural industries	1,255	695	560	105	65	40
52 Finance and insurance	1,745	540	1,200	115	30	85
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	875	575	300	75	30	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,430	2,680	1,750	220	90	130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,265	1,975	1,285	120	65	55
61 Educational services	6,180	2,100	4,080	455	160	300
62 Health care and social assistance	11,125	1,960	9,165	495	55	445
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,090	565	530	120	70	45
72 Accommodation and food services	5,025	1,870	3,150	375	130	245
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,390	2,145	2,245	300	135	170
91 Public administration	5,570	3,345	2,225	175	95	80
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	72,475	37,815	34,660	4,415	2,265	2,155
Worked at home	3,290	1,555	1,730	320	140	180
Worked outside Canada	80	55	30	15	10	0
No fixed workplace address	5,440	4,105	1,335	695	520	175
Worked at usual place	63,665	32,105	31,560	3,390	1,595	1,795
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	63,665	32,105	31,565	3,390	1,595	1,790
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	54,685	26,720	27,960	2,400	980	1,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,280	2,755	2,530	590	380	210
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,595	2,530	1,065	380	220	160
Commute to a different province or territory	105	95	10	15	15	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	69,105	36,205	32,900	4,085	2,115	1,970
Car, truck, van - as a driver	61,290	32,360	28,930	3,415	1,785	1,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,400	995	1,405	245	130	115
Public transit	1,500	670	835	10	0	0
Walked	2,730	1,330	1,405	310	115	195
Bicycle	225	185	45	35	20	10
Other method	950	665	285	70	55	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	69,105	36,205	32,895	4,085	2,115	1,965
Less than 15 minutes	32,145	15,640	16,505	2,425	1,030	1,395
15 to 29 minutes	26,145	13,710	12,435	725	420	305
30 to 44 minutes	7,255	4,300	2,950	430	280	145
45 to 59 minutes	1,820	1,280	540	210	175	30
60 minutes and over	1,745	1,285	460	300	210	90
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	69,105	36,210	32,900	4,085	2,115	1,970
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,775	3,065	710	280	225	55
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,840	9,340	3,500	800	535	260
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	27,425	13,300	14,125	1,080	570	505
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,130	4,115	7,015	835	330	505
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,440	1,355	3,080	415	150	260
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,500	5,030	4,470	680	305	375
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	85,170	45,530	39,650	5,180	2,700	2,485
Single responses	83,920	44,685	39,225	5,175	2,700	2,475
Official languages	83,895	44,680	39,220	5,180	2,700	2,475
English	1,170	695	475	5,175	2,700	2,475
French	82,725	43,985	38,745	0	0	0
Non-official languages	20	10	10	10	0	10
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	0	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	10	0	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,255	840	420	0	0	0
English and French	1,235	840	395	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	10
French and non-official language	10	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	85,175	45,525	39,645	5,185	2,700	2,485
None	75,485	39,175	36,310	5,095	2,670	2,425
English	8,725	5,780	2,945	0	0	0
French	860	535	320	45	20	30
Non-official language	80	30	55	35	10	25
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	65	20	45	35	10	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	10	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	155,475	77,725	77,750	8,485	4,165	4,320
Non-movers	140,405	70,280	70,125	7,295	3,580	3,720
Movers	15,070	7,445	7,620	1,185	590	595
Non-migrants	11,350	5,630	5,725	570	295	275
Migrants	3,715	1,815	1,900	615	290	320
Internal migrants	3,330	1,615	1,720	545	260	280
Intraprovincial migrants	3,100	1,470	1,635	445	220	220
Interprovincial migrants	235	145	85	95	40	60
External migrants	385	205	180	75	35	35
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	149,070	74,440	74,625	8,110	3,980	4,130
Non-movers	101,845	50,940	50,900	4,380	2,155	2,225
Movers	47,225	23,505	23,725	3,735	1,825	1,905
Non-migrants	34,540	16,885	17,650	1,530	735	790
Migrants	12,695	6,610	6,080	2,200	1,090	1,110
Internal migrants	11,655	6,040	5,615	2,000	1,010	990
Intraprovincial migrants	10,670	5,475	5,195	1,595	825	770
Interprovincial migrants	980	560	425	400	180	220
External migrants	1,035	575	460	205	75	130

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saguenay [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Olds [Population centre], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saguenay [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Olds [Population centre], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saguenay [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Olds [Population centre], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saguenay [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Olds [Population centre], Alberta