Census Profile, 2016 Census
Provencher [Federal electoral district], Manitoba and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Provencher Manitoba [Federal electoral district]			Lake Cowichan, T British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Provencher [Federal electoral district], Manitoba Map : Provencher [Federal electoral district], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	99,946	...	...	3,226	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	88,640	...	...	2,974	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	12.8	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	39,808	...	...	1,534	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	34,632	...	...	1,474	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.5	...	...	389.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	18,100.37	...	...	8.29	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	99,945	50,435	49,515	3,225	1,600	1,625
0 to 14 years	23,190	11,830	11,360	435	195	235
0 to 4 years	7,775	3,920	3,855	145	65	85
5 to 9 years	8,000	4,135	3,870	150	70	85
10 to 14 years	7,420	3,780	3,635	135	65	75
15 to 64 years	64,170	32,375	31,790	2,050	1,020	1,025
15 to 19 years	7,190	3,675	3,520	175	95	80
20 to 24 years	6,425	3,280	3,140	140	70	65
25 to 29 years	6,025	3,040	2,985	145	75	75
30 to 34 years	6,425	3,150	3,270	140	75	65
35 to 39 years	6,470	3,205	3,260	190	100	95
40 to 44 years	6,335	3,240	3,100	215	105	110
45 to 49 years	6,165	3,090	3,075	195	100	95
50 to 54 years	7,045	3,585	3,465	240	125	115
55 to 59 years	6,520	3,285	3,240	305	140	165
60 to 64 years	5,570	2,830	2,745	305	145	160
65 years and over	12,580	6,225	6,355	740	380	360
65 to 69 years	4,465	2,280	2,185	300	165	135
70 to 74 years	3,220	1,675	1,545	190	95	95
75 to 79 years	2,100	1,085	1,010	125	65	60
80 to 84 years	1,410	640	770	65	30	35
85 years and over	1,390	545	840	55	25	35
85 to 89 years	845	360	485	30	20	20
90 to 94 years	400	145	255	20	5	15
95 to 99 years	130	40	85	5	0	0
100 years and over	20	0	15	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.2	23.5	22.9	13.5	12.2	14.5
15 to 64 years	64.2	64.2	64.2	63.6	63.8	63.1
65 years and over	12.6	12.3	12.8	22.9	23.8	22.2
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.7	1.6	2.2
Average age of the population	36.5	36.3	36.8	45.7	45.8	45.5
Median age of the population	35.5	35.3	35.7	49.5	49.5	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	34,630	...	...	1,470	...	...
Single-detached house	28,130	...	...	1,200	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	260	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	5,160	...	...	260	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,260	...	...	25	...	...
Row house	870	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	435	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,545	...	...	155	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,090	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	34,635	...	...	1,475	...	...
1 person	6,480	...	...	445	...	...
2 persons	12,435	...	...	615	...	...
3 persons	5,195	...	...	205	...	...
4 persons	5,695	...	...	150	...	...
5 or more persons	4,825	...	...	65	...	...
Number of persons in private households	97,880	...	...	3,225	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	76,755	38,600	38,155	2,790	1,405	1,390
Married or living common law	51,570	25,815	25,755	1,635	815	820
Married	45,830	22,950	22,880	1,230	610	620
Living common law	5,735	2,860	2,870	400	200	195
Not married and not living common law	25,190	12,790	12,395	1,160	590	570
Never married	17,980	10,055	7,925	650	390	260
Separated	1,495	715	780	100	55	45
Divorced	2,655	1,310	1,345	235	105	130
Widowed	3,055	710	2,345	170	40	130
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	27,880	...	...	980	...	...
2 persons	12,995	...	...	625	...	...
3 persons	5,170	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	5,540	...	...	120	...	...
5 or more persons	4,180	...	...	45	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	27,875	...	...	980	...	...
Total couple families	25,280	...	...	810	...	...
Married couples	22,410	...	...	610	...	...
Common-law couples	2,870	...	...	200	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,600	...	...	170	...	...
Female parent	1,890	...	...	130	...	...
Male parent	710	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	25,280	...	...	810	...	...
Couples without children	11,555	...	...	510	...	...
Couples with children	13,725	...	...	300	...	...
1 child	4,395	...	...	155	...	...
2 children	5,255	...	...	105	...	...
3 or more children	4,080	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,600	...	...	170	...	...
1 child	1,435	...	...	120	...	...
2 children	780	...	...	35	...	...
3 or more children	385	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,285	5,450	4,835	680	360	315
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	34,635	...	...	1,475	...	...
One-census-family households	26,935	...	...	940	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	11,165	...	...	495	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	15,770	...	...	450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	465	...	...	25	...	...
Non-census-family households	7,230	...	...	515	...	...
One-person households	6,485	...	...	445	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	755	...	...	65	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	99,280	50,180	49,095	3,225	1,600	1,630
English only	82,585	42,175	40,410	3,105	1,535	1,570
French only	290	140	150	0	0	5
English and French	15,245	7,350	7,895	115	60	55
Neither English nor French	1,160	515	640	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	99,280	50,180	49,100	3,225	1,600	1,625
English	89,225	45,135	44,090	3,180	1,570	1,610
French	8,730	4,440	4,285	40	20	15
English and French	190	95	90	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	1,140	505	630	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	8,825	4,490	4,335	40	25	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	8.9	8.9	8.8	1.2	1.6	0.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	99,280	50,180	49,100	3,225	1,600	1,625
Single responses	97,450	49,285	48,170	3,210	1,590	1,620
Official languages	76,275	38,675	37,600	3,065	1,520	1,540
English	67,300	34,100	33,200	3,025	1,500	1,525
French	8,975	4,575	4,400	40	25	15
Non-official languages	21,180	10,610	10,575	145	65	85
Aboriginal languages	120	45	75	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	110	40	70	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	80	30	50	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	75	30	45	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,065	10,565	10,500	145	65	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	55	25	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	50	25	0	0	0
Amharic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	30	20	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	25	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,020	495	525	10	5	5
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	50	20	35	0	0	0
Fijian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	915	450	465	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	19,465	9,775	9,690	115	50	60
Albanian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,580	1,310	1,270	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,575	1,310	1,265	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Czech	40	25	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	235	115	115	5	0	0
Russian	1,350	695	655	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	855	420	435	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	16,150	8,085	8,065	45	20	25
Afrikaans	30	15	15	5	0	5
Danish	25	15	5	0	5	5
Dutch	415	230	185	15	5	10
Frisian	10	5	5	0	0	0
German	15,625	7,790	7,835	20	10	10
Icelandic	10	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	115	75	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	170	105	70	25	10	15
Bengali	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	40	20	15	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	55	40	20	5	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	15	5	0	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0	0	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	15	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	245	265	25	10	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	70	45	30	10	5	5
Portuguese	140	75	65	5	0	0
Romanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Spanish	280	115	155	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	30	30	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	15	5	0	0
American Sign Language	20	15	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	40	55	5	5	0
Chinese languages	95	45	55	10	5	0
Cantonese	25	15	15	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Lao	30	15	15	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	45	50	10	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	80	35	40	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,825	895	930	15	10	5
English and French	645	315	330	5	5	5
English and non-official language	1,140	560	580	15	5	5
French and non-official language	30	20	10	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	99,280	50,180	49,100	3,225	1,600	1,625
Single responses	95,685	48,430	47,255	3,185	1,575	1,605
Official languages	87,035	44,055	42,980	3,165	1,565	1,600
English	82,280	41,795	40,490	3,160	1,565	1,600
French	4,755	2,265	2,485	5	0	5
Non-official languages	8,650	4,375	4,275	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,645	4,370	4,270	15	10	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	30	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	545	275	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	510	260	250	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,835	3,955	3,885	10	5	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	760	385	375	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	760	385	375	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Russian	580	300	280	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,785	3,410	3,375	0	0	0
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	80	40	35	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	5	0	0	0
German	6,650	3,340	3,310	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	65	45	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	100	55	45	5	0	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	35	20	5	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	90	90	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	15	10	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	140	65	75	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	15	15	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	20	5	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	5	0	5
Chinese languages	45	20	25	5	5	0
Cantonese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	10	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,595	1,750	1,845	40	20	15
English and French	480	230	255	0	0	0
English and non-official language	3,090	1,510	1,575	35	20	20
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	99,280	50,180	49,100	3,225	1,600	1,625
None	82,565	41,945	40,625	3,120	1,550	1,565
English	6,490	3,200	3,290	5	5	5
French	3,950	1,920	2,025	30	15	15
Non-official language	6,065	3,015	3,050	70	25	45
Aboriginal	55	25	30	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	6,005	2,985	3,020	60	20	40
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	145	70	75	0	0	0
French and non-official language	55	30	30	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	75,075	37,865	37,215	2,785	1,400	1,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,490	36,175	35,310	2,705	1,365	1,335
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,336	44,379	27,204	26,752	33,520	22,259
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,505	36,185	35,325	2,705	1,365	1,335
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,260	38,380	24,755	24,864	30,071	21,387
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,540	34,730	31,810	2,270	1,170	1,100
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,064	41,984	24,284	23,040	29,013	18,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,470	21,910	27,565	2,130	1,020	1,105
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,583	2,572	5,360	9,292	11,029	8,293
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	57,250	30,780	26,470	1,775	940	835
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,169	42,701	25,999	24,282	29,984	19,952
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	75,065	37,775	37,290	2,810	1,425	1,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,470	36,020	35,450	2,730	1,385	1,340
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,423	52,673	34,024	33,549	40,310	26,563
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,495	36,030	35,470	2,730	1,385	1,345
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,933	42,736	29,024	29,436	34,625	24,073
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,465	34,645	31,820	2,265	1,160	1,105
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,399	50,532	31,456	31,124	38,649	23,253
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,485	21,685	27,800	2,195	1,065	1,130
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,110	6,763	7,380	9,589	10,463	8,764
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,225	30,695	26,530	1,785	945	840
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,619	49,566	32,425	30,762	37,434	23,284
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	75,065	37,775	37,290	2,810	1,425	1,385
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	29,020	18,140	10,880	660	390	270
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,537	55,374	43,557	40,515	44,659	34,182
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,129	63,524	49,137	45,317	50,619	37,719
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.8	92.4	83.1	78.1	80.9	73.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.4	79.9	70.9	61.2	64.2	57.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.2	7.6	16.9	21.9	19.1	26.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	75,075	37,860	37,215	2,785	1,400	1,390
Without total income	3,585	1,685	1,905	80	30	50
With total income	71,490	36,175	35,310	2,705	1,370	1,340
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.5	94.9	97.1	97.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,280	3,440	5,840	455	195	270
$10,000 to $19,999	11,440	4,030	7,410	560	230	330
$20,000 to $29,999	10,090	4,105	5,985	465	200	260
$30,000 to $39,999	9,265	4,400	4,860	350	165	185
$40,000 to $49,999	8,375	4,660	3,715	245	130	115
$50,000 to $59,999	6,255	3,915	2,340	180	100	80
$60,000 to $69,999	4,750	3,185	1,565	130	85	45
$70,000 to $79,999	3,480	2,350	1,130	95	75	20
$80,000 to $89,999	2,805	1,810	995	75	60	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,690	1,160	535	40	35	5
$100,000 and over	4,050	3,120	925	105	85	15
$100,000 to $149,999	3,015	2,305	710	95	75	15
$150,000 and over	1,035	820	220	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	75,075	37,860	37,210	2,790	1,400	1,390
Without after-tax income	3,570	1,680	1,890	85	30	50
With after-tax income	71,510	36,180	35,325	2,705	1,370	1,335
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.6	94.9	97.0	97.9	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,605	3,510	6,090	475	195	275
$10,000 to $19,999	12,405	4,430	7,980	585	250	335
$20,000 to $29,999	12,245	5,160	7,085	545	235	315
$30,000 to $39,999	11,550	5,995	5,555	380	205	180
$40,000 to $49,999	8,955	5,525	3,430	240	120	115
$50,000 to $59,999	6,315	4,210	2,110	175	115	60
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420	2,915	1,505	130	105	25
$70,000 to $79,999	2,520	1,760	760	80	65	10
$80,000 and over	3,495	2,685	810	95	75	20
$80,000 to $89,999	1,380	1,025	360	35	30	5
$90,000 to $99,999	695	545	150	30	25	5
$100,000 and over	1,420	1,115	305	30	25	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	75,075	37,865	37,215	2,785	1,400	1,385
Without employment income	17,825	7,085	10,740	1,015	460	550
With employment income	57,245	30,780	26,470	1,775	940	835
Percentage with employment income	76.3	81.3	71.1	63.7	67.1	60.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,075	3,170	3,900	400	210	190
$5,000 to $9,999	4,180	1,685	2,490	155	70	85
$10,000 to $19,999	7,400	3,040	4,360	235	90	140
$20,000 to $29,999	7,095	3,035	4,065	220	95	125
$30,000 to $39,999	7,010	3,475	3,540	200	85	120
$40,000 to $49,999	6,065	3,530	2,535	140	70	70
$50,000 to $59,999	4,810	3,110	1,705	105	65	40
$60,000 to $69,999	3,770	2,615	1,155	90	65	25
$70,000 to $79,999	2,840	1,970	865	65	50	10
$80,000 and over	7,005	5,145	1,865	160	135	25
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	1,555	820	45	40	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	975	395	40	35	10
$100,000 and over	3,265	2,610	650	75	65	10
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	34,630	...	...	1,470	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,217	...	...	53,440	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,720	...	...	48,512	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	6,480	...	...	445	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,098	...	...	27,776	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,057	...	...	25,941	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	28,150	...	...	1,030	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,841	...	...	65,829	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,282	...	...	59,758	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	34,630	...	...	1,470	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	89,612	...	...	62,090	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	74,181	...	...	54,477	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,470	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,194	...	...	37,673	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,097	...	...	32,829	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	28,165	...	...	1,055	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,271	...	...	71,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,926	...	...	63,062	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	34,630	...	...	1,475	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	550	...	...	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	935	...	...	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,195	...	...	100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,040	...	...	80	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,380	...	...	90	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,295	...	...	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,410	...	...	80	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,385	...	...	65	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,865	...	...	145	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,840	...	...	120	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800	...	...	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,530	...	...	95	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,280	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,475	...	...	270	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,305	...	...	130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,835	...	...	80	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,805	...	...	50	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,530	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	34,630	...	...	1,475	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	980	...	...	75	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,320	...	...	110	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,250	...	...	105	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,630	...	...	100	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,665	...	...	90	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,750	...	...	80	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,715	...	...	85	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,630	...	...	155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,555	...	...	130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,225	...	...	115	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,760	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,675	...	...	175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,865	...	...	105	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,980	...	...	45	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,830	...	...	25	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	27,715	...	...	980	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,413	...	...	66,389	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,941	...	...	59,955	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,915	...	...	480	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,015	...	...	61,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,333	...	...	55,851	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	13,765	...	...	305	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,224	...	...	88,917	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	86,828	...	...	79,616	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.3	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,400	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,891	...	...	41,216	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,386	...	...	38,272	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	27,720	...	...	975	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,799	...	...	71,607	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,482	...	...	62,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,990	...	...	515	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,039	...	...	65,514	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,082	...	...	57,861	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	13,730	...	...	270	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	117,680	...	...	92,932	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,573	...	...	80,802	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,400	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,876	...	...	50,302	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,328	...	...	44,303	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,080	4,345	3,740	600	330	275
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,733	39,440	28,102	24,320	25,920	23,840
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,053	33,892	25,964	23,552	24,256	23,437
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	8,100	4,205	3,890	635	350	285
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,578	46,600	36,150	34,145	38,758	28,464
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,869	38,092	31,386	29,848	32,953	26,024
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	97,880	49,495	48,380	3,225	1,595	1,625
In the bottom half of the distribution	54,380	26,970	27,410	2,090	1,005	1,075
In the bottom decile	7,550	3,760	3,790	465	240	225
In the second decile	11,060	5,180	5,885	450	205	245
In the third decile	12,385	6,150	6,240	450	205	245
In the fourth decile	11,825	5,995	5,825	400	200	200
In the fifth decile	11,560	5,885	5,670	320	160	160
In the top half of the distribution	43,500	22,530	20,970	1,135	590	545
In the sixth decile	10,640	5,480	5,160	285	150	135
In the seventh decile	10,025	5,180	4,845	285	140	150
In the eighth decile	9,535	4,960	4,570	280	145	135
In the ninth decile	8,075	4,210	3,865	180	100	80
In the top decile	5,220	2,695	2,525	105	55	50
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	96,725	48,895	47,835	3,220	1,600	1,625
0 to 17 years	26,690	13,615	13,080	550	260	285
0 to 5 years	9,075	4,630	4,440	175	80	95
18 to 64 years	58,365	29,415	28,950	1,935	955	975
65 years and over	11,670	5,860	5,810	740	380	355
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,455	5,955	6,495	660	325	330
0 to 17 years	4,685	2,385	2,295	140	70	70
0 to 5 years	1,850	925	925	50	25	20
18 to 64 years	5,995	2,860	3,140	395	190	205
65 years and over	1,775	715	1,060	120	65	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.2	13.6	20.5	20.3	20.3
0 to 17 years (%)	17.6	17.5	17.5	25.5	26.9	24.6
0 to 5 years (%)	20.4	20.0	20.8	28.6	31.3	21.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	9.7	10.8	20.4	19.9	21.0
65 years and over (%)	15.2	12.2	18.2	16.2	17.1	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,710	1,865	1,845	325	175	145
0 to 17 years	1,200	615	580	65	30	30
0 to 5 years	405	205	200	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	2,325	1,160	1,170	245	135	110
65 years and over	180	85	95	15	15	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	3.8	3.9	10.1	10.9	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.5	4.4	11.8	11.5	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.4	4.5	11.4	12.5	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	3.9	4.0	12.7	14.1	11.3
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	2.0	3.9	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	97,880	49,485	48,395	3,220	1,625	1,600
Official languages	96,780	49,015	47,765	3,225	1,620	1,595
English	96,530	48,885	47,645	3,225	1,625	1,600
French	15,450	7,445	8,005	120	70	50
Non-official languages	23,085	11,515	11,570	240	90	150
Aboriginal languages	215	85	130	35	20	15
Algonquian languages	190	75	115	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	20	40	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	15	35	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	135	60	75	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	130	60	70	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	22,870	11,430	11,440	200	70	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	70	70	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	60	50	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	40	40	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	65	40	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	70	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,305	635	675	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	35	25	10	0	0	0
Fijian	35	30	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,235	585	650	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20,730	10,430	10,305	175	65	110
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,340	1,730	1,615	20	10	15
Baltic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	3,340	1,730	1,615	20	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	30	15	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	215	105	105	0	0	0
Russian	2,145	1,120	1,025	10	0	0
Serbian	15	15	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	55	20	35	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	995	515	480	20	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	25	15	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	17,540	8,870	8,670	75	20	55
Afrikaans	50	35	20	10	0	10
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	535	285	250	15	0	15
Frisian	45	35	15	0	0	0
German	16,845	8,490	8,350	40	20	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	10	15	0	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	310	175	140	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	255	155	105	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	200	120	85	30	15	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	50	35	15	0	0	0
Hindi	85	50	35	0	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	55	40	25	10	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	30	20	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,805	935	865	35	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	50	30	0	0	0
Portuguese	160	75	85	10	10	0
Romanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	1,565	810	755	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	25	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	95	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	30	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	160	45	105	15	0	10
American Sign Language	105	30	75	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	55	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages	120	55	60	0	0	0
Cantonese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	35	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Lao	45	25	20	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	65	20	50	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	20	40	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	97,880	49,480	48,395	3,220	1,620	1,600
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	91,070	45,935	45,130	3,190	1,610	1,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,535	13,020	12,510	485	250	240
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,530	32,915	32,620	2,705	1,360	1,340
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	6,810	3,545	3,265	35	10	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	97,880	49,480	48,395	3,220	1,625	1,600
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	84,070	42,455	41,620	3,000	1,515	1,485
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	13,155	6,660	6,495	215	110	110
Before 1981	2,975	1,450	1,530	150	85	65
1981 to 1990	1,080	565	515	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	1,380	715	665	20	0	15
2001 to 2010	6,055	3,090	2,965	30	10	20
2001 to 2005	2,625	1,295	1,335	25	10	20
2006 to 2010	3,425	1,800	1,630	10	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,670	845	820	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	650	370	285	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	13,155	6,660	6,495	220	110	110
Under 5 years	2,545	1,285	1,255	20	0	10
5 to 14 years	3,655	1,930	1,730	50	30	20
15 to 24 years	2,475	1,195	1,285	80	25	55
25 to 44 years	3,745	1,875	1,870	65	40	25
45 years and over	735	370	365	15	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,155	6,655	6,500	220	105	110
Americas	4,570	2,195	2,375	15	0	10
Brazil	15	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	55	10	50	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guyana	20	15	10	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0	0	0
Mexico	1,095	525	565	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	850	335	515	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	2,455	1,255	1,205	10	0	0
Europe	5,750	3,005	2,745	180	90	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	10	0	0	0	0
France	90	65	25	10	0	0
Germany	2,610	1,395	1,215	15	0	10
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	60	35	30	0	0	0
Italy	40	15	30	0	0	0
Netherlands	325	180	140	15	0	15
Poland	110	55	60	0	0	0
Portugal	55	25	35	10	10	0
Romania	10	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	930	470	460	10	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	170	80	90	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	960	500	460	115	60	60
Other places of birth in Europe	320	150	165	10	0	10
Africa	325	180	150	10	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	10	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	65	30	35	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	20	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	45	25	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	60	65	0	0	0
Asia	2,475	1,255	1,220	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	20	30	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	10	0	0	0	0
India	125	60	65	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	1,185	585	600	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	80	40	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	935	480	450	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	35	30	10	10	15	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,665	845	825	10	0	0
Americas	285	130	160	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	0	20	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	50	30	25	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	115	45	70	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	50	40	0	0	0
Europe	510	285	230	0	0	0
France	50	30	20	0	0	0
Germany	180	105	75	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	150	75	70	0	0	0
Ukraine	80	45	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	65	35	30	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	15	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	795	390	405	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	45	25	20	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Philippines	570	275	295	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	115	55	60	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	97,880	49,485	48,400	3,220	1,625	1,595
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	14,655	7,520	7,140	255	130	125
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	15,555	7,905	7,650	515	240	275
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	67,665	34,060	33,610	2,450	1,255	1,205
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10,410	5,315	5,105	65	20	40
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	7,225	3,880	3,345	35	0	30
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,855	1,560	300	15	10	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	5,365	2,320	3,045	20	0	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,660	1,140	1,515	35	20	15
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	500	275	225	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	97,880	49,480	48,400	3,220	1,625	1,600
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	12,560	6,330	6,230	310	180	125
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	12,415	6,280	6,135	295	180	120
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,785	1,355	1,425	170	90	80
Métis	9,545	4,870	4,675	130	90	45
Inuk (Inuit)	85	55	35	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	100	30	65	10	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	85,320	43,155	42,165	2,910	1,440	1,470
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	97,880	49,480	48,400	3,225	1,625	1,600
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,585	1,230	1,360	115	55	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,295	48,250	47,040	3,110	1,570	1,540
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	97,880	49,485	48,395	3,225	1,620	1,595
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,450	1,280	1,160	90	50	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,435	1,275	1,155	90	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,425	700	720	75	50	25
Métis single ancestry	980	550	435	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	30	25	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,960	5,445	5,510	265	125	135
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	10,515	5,275	5,240	255	125	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,165	1,055	1,110	145	65	80
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,275	4,190	4,085	110	55	55
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	30	40	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	445	170	270	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	435	165	275	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	84,475	42,755	41,725	2,865	1,445	1,420
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	97,880	49,480	48,395	3,220	1,625	1,600
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,930	1,975	1,955	130	50	80
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	405	235	175	80	40	40
Chinese	225	110	115	10	0	0
Black	830	445	385	0	0	0
Filipino	1,480	670	810	15	0	20
Latin American	240	125	110	0	0	10
Arab	60	30	30	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	295	180	115	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	55	40	15	0	0	0
Korean	65	25	35	0	0	0
Japanese	50	20	35	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	80	40	40	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	135	65	80	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	93,950	47,505	46,445	3,095	1,575	1,520
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	97,880	49,485	48,395	3,225	1,620	1,595
North American Aboriginal origins	13,405	6,730	6,675	355	180	180
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,045	1,935	2,110	230	120	115
Inuit	105	60	45	0	0	0
Métis	9,710	4,910	4,795	145	70	75
Other North American origins	29,295	14,685	14,605	1,015	545	470
Acadian	40	15	20	0	0	0
American	975	545	430	50	40	15
Canadian	28,780	14,385	14,395	970	515	460
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	79,005	39,800	39,210	2,605	1,270	1,340
British Isles origins	27,825	13,835	13,985	1,920	935	985
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	16,090	7,945	8,145	1,210	575	640
Irish	10,065	4,775	5,285	610	285	325
Manx	10	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish	12,675	6,260	6,415	930	385	540
Welsh	915	460	460	70	30	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,245	610	630	90	45	45
French origins	17,960	8,825	9,140	525	250	280
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	17,965	8,820	9,145	530	245	280
Western European origins (except French origins)	40,000	20,155	19,845	660	325	335
Austrian	855	455	400	55	10	35
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	2,125	1,000	1,120	20	0	10
Dutch	8,025	4,025	4,000	160	90	65
Flemish	60	25	35	10	0	10
Frisian	45	25	20	0	0	0
German	32,535	16,475	16,060	440	225	220
Luxembourger	20	10	15	0	0	0
Swiss	575	290	285	10	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	5,185	2,540	2,645	340	135	205
Danish	565	265	295	50	20	30
Finnish	305	155	145	45	10	30
Icelandic	1,515	790	725	20	0	15
Norwegian	1,295	635	660	115	45	70
Swedish	1,735	790	940	185	75	110
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	250	125	125	10	0	10
Eastern European origins	29,030	14,605	14,420	455	210	245
Bulgarian	25	10	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	85	45	35	0	0	10
Czech	445	205	230	20	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	180	105	80	10	10	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	750	380	370	30	10	20
Latvian	80	30	55	0	0	0
Lithuanian	95	80	10	0	0	0
Moldovan	30	10	15	0	0	0
Polish	6,900	3,390	3,510	135	65	75
Romanian	255	115	140	10	0	10
Russian	11,380	5,620	5,760	70	10	55
Slovak	345	175	170	10	0	10
Ukrainian	14,550	7,420	7,135	225	120	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	2,455	1,190	1,270	175	115	60
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	80	30	50	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	180	90	90	0	0	0
Italian	1,195	600	590	100	65	30
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	30	20	15	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	475	225	250	30	15	15
Serbian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	460	195	270	35	30	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	80	35	50	10	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	530	265	270	35	15	25
Basque	0	0	0	0	10	0
Jewish	310	125	180	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	195	125	65	20	10	15
Caribbean origins	510	215	290	10	10	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	15	10	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Jamaican	215	80	135	0	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	165	60	100	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	45	30	15	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,900	1,510	1,395	10	10	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	65	25	45	0	0	0
Bolivian	105	50	50	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	20	0	10	0	10
Chilean	115	65	50	0	0	0
Colombian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	55	35	20	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	1,250	645	605	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	55	25	35	0	0	0
African origins	700	350	355	15	0	15
Central and West African origins	105	50	50	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	30	0	25	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	30	20	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	30	15	15	0	0	0
North African origins	150	85	65	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	10	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	85	55	35	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	175	80	95	10	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	15	0	0	0
South African	60	20	40	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	295	135	160	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	15	25	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	255	125	135	0	0	0
Asian origins	3,295	1,640	1,655	160	80	80
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	465	245	220	15	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	85	40	40	0	0	0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	85	65	20	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	60	25	35	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Syrian	35	25	20	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	55	25	25	0	0	0
Turk	65	40	30	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	15	0	15	10	0	10
South Asian origins	530	300	235	80	35	40
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	470	260	210	60	30	30
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	60	35	20	20	0	10
Punjabi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,285	1,085	1,200	65	35	35
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	430	200	225	15	10	10
Filipino	1,570	730	840	40	15	25
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Japanese	60	30	30	0	0	0
Karen	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	25	35	0	0	0
Laotian	130	65	65	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	135	90	45	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oceania origins	165	80	90	10	10	0
Australian	85	35	50	0	10	0
New Zealander	30	10	20	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	55	35	20	0	0	0
Fijian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Samoan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	34,635	...	...	1,475	...	...
Owner	28,860	...	...	1,090	...	...
Renter	5,565	...	...	380	...	...
Band housing	210	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	34,635	...	...	1,475	...	...
Condominium	1,935	...	...	135	...	...
Not condominium	32,700	...	...	1,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	34,630	...	...	1,475	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,830	...	...	135	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,360	...	...	325	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,925	...	...	565	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,455	...	...	450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	34,630	...	...	1,475	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,805	...	...	260	...	...
5 rooms	5,675	...	...	255	...	...
6 rooms	5,700	...	...	270	...	...
7 rooms	4,990	...	...	190	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,455	...	...	495	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	34,630	...	...	1,475	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,940	...	...	1,470	...	...
More than 1 person per room	690	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	34,635	...	...	1,475	...	...
Suitable	33,290	...	...	1,430	...	...
Not suitable	1,345	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	34,635	...	...	1,475	...	...
1960 or before	4,585	...	...	520	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,870	...	...	335	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,825	...	...	105	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,555	...	...	290	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,655	...	...	80	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,980	...	...	90	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	5,165	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	34,630	...	...	1,475	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	32,500	...	...	1,310	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,135	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	34,635	...	...	1,475	...	...
1 household maintainer	18,755	...	...	940	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,475	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	405	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	34,630	...	...	1,475	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,170	...	...	35	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,640	...	...	140	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,580	...	...	165	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,075	...	...	265	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,570	...	...	350	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,590	...	...	300	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,270	...	...	165	...	...
85 years and over	745	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	32,920	...	...	1,470	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,735	...	...	1,065	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,185	...	...	410	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,675	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,485	...	...	1,090	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.6	...	...	60.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.8	...	...	20.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,083	...	...	902	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,132	...	...	1,003	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	285,214	...	...	259,754	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	308,363	...	...	313,587	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,525	...	...	385	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.2	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	35.4	...	...	51.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	850	...	...	874	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	881	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	75,065	37,775	37,290	2,810	1,425	1,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,280	10,730	8,555	585	305	280
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	23,225	11,305	11,920	990	490	500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,560	15,740	16,820	1,240	630	610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,575	5,460	2,115	335	260	70
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,450	2,085	1,365	155	110	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,130	3,375	755	180	150	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,490	5,625	7,860	555	205	350
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,145	865	1,275	105	45	60
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,350	3,790	5,560	240	115	125
Bachelor's degree	7,035	2,710	4,325	155	70	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	275	495	10	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	145	90	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,170	555	615	65	25	40
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	135	100	30	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	49,925	25,045	24,875	1,740	895	850
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,810	5,385	3,425	280	165	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	15,235	7,400	7,835	650	355	290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,880	12,255	13,620	810	375	440
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,600	4,090	1,515	210	165	40
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,470	1,530	945	95	75	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,130	2,560	570	115	95	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,900	4,565	6,335	415	135	280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,640	670	970	60	15	40
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,735	2,940	4,795	135	60	75
Bachelor's degree	5,850	2,110	3,735	90	45	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	620	210	420	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	115	90	0	0	0
Master's degree	950	430	520	40	10	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	115	80	35	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	75,065	37,775	37,290	2,810	1,425	1,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	42,510	22,040	20,470	1,575	795	780
Education	3,025	820	2,210	90	20	70
13. Education	3,030	815	2,210	95	20	70
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	660	280	385	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	110	15	0	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	535	170	370	10	10	10
Humanities	1,700	790	915	65	30	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	10	60	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	110	35	70	20	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	375	145	225	20	15	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	75	65	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	880	480	400	10	10	10
54. History	105	35	75	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	25	10	20	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,265	550	1,710	110	30	80
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	50	85	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	675	25	650	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	455	70	385	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	15	25	0	0	0
42. Psychology	340	90	250	35	15	20
45. Social sciences	595	300	295	30	10	20
Business, management and public administration	5,790	1,860	3,930	190	40	145
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	95	350	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,320	1,755	3,565	180	40	140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	660	335	325	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	265	125	140	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	100	95	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	0	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	125	95	30	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	45	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	495	350	35	35	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	450	265	35	30	0
25. Library science	55	0	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	30	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,000	7,510	485	370	350	25
04. Architecture and related services	85	45	40	10	0	10
14. Engineering	555	430	120	30	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,410	1,265	150	70	60	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,375	2,295	75	105	100	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,570	2,520	50	140	135	0
48. Precision production	1,005	960	45	25	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,535	1,120	415	35	20	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,315	955	355	20	20	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	160	60	15	0	10
Health and related fields	5,745	785	4,960	225	35	185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	285	110	175	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	5,420	650	4,770	215	35	175
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	35	25	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,315	1,190	1,125	90	55	40
12. Personal and culinary services	1,180	195	980	60	20	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	500	400	100	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	570	40	20	20	0
Other	0	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	49,925	25,045	24,880	1,745	895	850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	24,045	12,785	11,260	930	520	410
Education	2,180	515	1,665	55	10	50
13. Education	2,180	510	1,670	55	0	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	510	225	285	15	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	80	15	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	415	145	270	15	0	10
Humanities	1,190	545	645	20	20	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	35	10	35	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	65	15	50	10	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	290	105	185	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	65	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	610	335	280	10	10	0
54. History	65	15	45	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,985	460	1,525	95	30	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	35	75	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	15	560	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	405	55	355	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	15	20	0	0	0
42. Psychology	315	75	240	30	15	15
45. Social sciences	510	260	250	25	10	10
Business, management and public administration	4,760	1,480	3,285	145	25	110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	55	310	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,370	1,410	2,965	130	25	105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	490	220	265	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	90	135	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	50	60	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	95	65	30	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	440	305	15	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	660	420	245	15	20	0
25. Library science	45	0	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,230	5,835	400	225	210	20
04. Architecture and related services	75	40	35	10	0	10
14. Engineering	450	350	100	10	15	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,085	960	130	50	40	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,845	1,780	60	70	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,040	2,000	40	70	70	0
48. Precision production	730	700	35	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,285	930	355	20	10	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,080	785	295	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	145	60	15	0	10
Health and related fields	4,685	670	4,015	165	25	140
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	240	100	140	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	4,415	555	3,865	155	25	130
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	25	15	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,810	945	865	50	30	20
12. Personal and culinary services	890	135	755	40	20	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	390	315	80	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	510	475	30	10	10	0
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	75,065	37,775	37,290	2,815	1,425	1,390
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,510	22,040	20,470	1,575	795	775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,555	15,735	16,815	1,240	630	610
Location of study inside Canada	29,350	14,065	15,280	1,175	590	585
Same as province or territory of residence	26,025	12,335	13,685	850	415	435
Different than province or territory of residence	3,325	1,730	1,600	325	170	155
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,205	1,670	1,530	60	40	25
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	560	280	280	20	10	10
Philippines	650	290	350	0	0	10
India	65	40	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	230	135	95	25	20	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	25	10	15	0	0	0
France	30	20	10	0	0	0
Other	1,650	885	760	15	10	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	49,920	25,045	24,875	1,745	895	850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,045	12,790	11,260	935	520	410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	25,880	12,260	13,620	810	375	435
Location of study inside Canada	23,145	10,855	12,290	770	355	420
Same as province or territory of residence	20,550	9,560	10,990	600	280	325
Different than province or territory of residence	2,595	1,295	1,300	170	75	95
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,730	1,405	1,325	40	25	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	375	165	205	15	10	10
Philippines	615	280	330	10	0	10
India	60	35	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	170	95	75	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	25	10	15	0	0	0
France	30	20	10	0	0	0
Other	1,460	795	660	10	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	75,065	37,775	37,295	2,815	1,425	1,390
In the labour force	52,365	28,740	23,625	1,590	840	755
Employed	49,760	27,285	22,485	1,395	755	640
Unemployed	2,600	1,455	1,145	195	80	110
Not in the labour force	22,705	9,035	13,665	1,220	590	635
Participation rate	69.8	76.1	63.3	56.5	58.9	54.3
Employment rate	66.3	72.2	60.3	49.6	53.0	46.0
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.1	4.8	12.3	9.5	14.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	75,065	37,775	37,290	2,815	1,425	1,385
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	19,985	7,815	12,165	1,200	550	650
Worked	55,080	29,960	25,120	1,610	875	735
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	29,805	18,630	11,175	690	410	285
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	25,280	11,330	13,945	920	465	455
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	44.5	42.5	41.5	40.9	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	52,360	28,740	23,625	1,595	840	750
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	520	220	295	75	15	60
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	51,850	28,515	23,330	1,515	825	690
Employee	44,225	23,370	20,855	1,310	695	610
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	7,625	5,145	2,480	205	130	80
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	52,365	28,740	23,625	1,590	835	755
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	225	295	75	15	60
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	51,850	28,515	23,335	1,515	825	690
0 Management occupations	6,810	4,585	2,230	115	70	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,205	1,615	5,585	165	20	145
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,920	1,485	430	80	60	20
3 Health occupations	3,070	550	2,515	80	20	60
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,845	1,700	4,140	145	40	100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	825	250	580	25	0	25
6 Sales and service occupations	9,205	3,415	5,790	445	170	275
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,070	11,435	630	305	295	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,600	1,855	750	95	75	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,305	1,630	675	75	70	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	52,360	28,740	23,625	1,590	840	755
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	220	295	75	15	60
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	51,845	28,515	23,335	1,515	820	695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,530	3,125	1,410	75	70	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	325	45	20	15	0
22 Utilities	555	435	125	10	10	0
23 Construction	7,005	6,185	820	190	165	20
31-33 Manufacturing	4,910	3,480	1,430	110	110	10
41 Wholesale trade	1,685	1,245	440	35	35	0
44-45 Retail trade	4,740	2,220	2,520	240	85	160
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,685	2,915	765	25	15	10
51 Information and cultural industries	535	265	270	10	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,695	460	1,240	25	0	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	555	260	290	25	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,650	735	920	105	55	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	25	40	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,315	735	580	85	45	45
61 Educational services	3,815	1,065	2,755	60	15	50
62 Health care and social assistance	5,790	835	4,960	150	25	125
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	820	410	410	30	10	20
72 Accommodation and food services	2,495	685	1,805	150	60	90
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,495	1,385	1,110	60	25	35
91 Public administration	3,140	1,730	1,410	110	70	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	49,765	27,280	22,480	1,395	755	640
Worked at home	4,780	2,435	2,345	115	55	60
Worked outside Canada	230	160	65	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	8,415	6,925	1,490	315	245	70
Worked at usual place	36,345	17,765	18,580	965	455	510
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	36,345	17,765	18,580	965	450	510
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,210	4,525	5,685	330	135	205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,875	4,545	5,335	485	225	255
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	16,065	8,550	7,515	140	85	50
Commute to a different province or territory	195	140	50	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	44,760	24,690	20,075	1,285	700	580
Car, truck, van - as a driver	39,565	22,245	17,320	1,060	600	465
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,600	1,170	1,430	90	55	40
Public transit	245	130	110	10	0	10
Walked	1,530	555	975	85	25	55
Bicycle	340	240	100	10	10	10
Other method	480	345	135	25	15	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	44,760	24,690	20,070	1,280	695	580
Less than 15 minutes	13,535	6,425	7,110	365	160	210
15 to 29 minutes	11,745	6,175	5,570	305	180	125
30 to 44 minutes	9,710	5,660	4,045	335	150	180
45 to 59 minutes	5,585	3,505	2,075	85	55	30
60 minutes and over	4,190	2,925	1,265	195	150	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	44,760	24,690	20,075	1,280	700	585
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,395	2,645	755	155	110	45
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,715	7,275	3,445	230	155	75
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,705	7,800	5,910	295	175	120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,025	2,965	5,065	230	75	155
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,045	1,145	1,900	140	55	85
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,870	2,870	3,000	235	130	105
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	56,840	30,710	26,130	1,685	930	760
Single responses	56,035	30,325	25,710	1,690	925	760
Official languages	55,490	29,980	25,510	1,690	925	765
English	54,120	29,545	24,575	1,685	925	760
French	1,370	440	930	0	0	0
Non-official languages	545	340	205	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	545	340	200	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	515	330	185	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	455	295	160	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	385	250	135	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	0	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	805	385	420	0	0	0
English and French	520	225	295	0	0	0
English and non-official language	290	165	125	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	56,835	30,710	26,125	1,685	925	760
None	51,670	28,120	23,555	1,680	930	750
English	1,175	490	685	0	0	0
French	2,220	1,055	1,165	0	0	0
Non-official language	1,745	1,035	710	10	0	10
Aboriginal	15	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,730	1,030	700	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	96,515	48,695	47,825	3,195	1,610	1,590
Non-movers	84,840	42,930	41,910	2,630	1,295	1,335
Movers	11,680	5,765	5,920	570	310	255
Non-migrants	4,435	2,195	2,235	220	120	95
Migrants	7,245	3,565	3,685	345	190	155
Internal migrants	6,790	3,325	3,470	330	190	145
Intraprovincial migrants	5,995	2,945	3,050	295	170	125
Interprovincial migrants	795	380	420	40	20	20
External migrants	455	245	210	15	0	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	90,210	45,500	44,715	3,070	1,555	1,515
Non-movers	55,195	28,190	27,005	1,800	860	935
Movers	35,020	17,310	17,710	1,270	695	580
Non-migrants	13,250	6,635	6,615	385	230	155
Migrants	21,770	10,670	11,100	885	465	420
Internal migrants	19,685	9,560	10,120	880	465	415
Intraprovincial migrants	17,380	8,485	8,900	745	400	350
Interprovincial migrants	2,305	1,080	1,225	130	65	65
External migrants	2,085	1,110	980	10	0	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Provencher [Federal electoral district], Manitoba and Lake Cowichan, T [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Provencher [Federal electoral district], Manitoba and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Provencher [Federal electoral district], Manitoba and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Provencher [Federal electoral district], Manitoba and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia