Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winkler, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Gloucester, County [Census division], New Brunswick

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Winkler, CY Manitoba [Census subdivision]			Gloucester, CT New Brunswick [Census division]
	Data quality , Winkler, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba Map : Winkler, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Gloucester, County [Census division], New Brunswick Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	12,591 ^E	...	...	78,444	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	10,670	...	...	79,943^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	18.0 ^E	...	...	-1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	4,669	...	...	38,789	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	4,564	...	...	34,701	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	740.5	...	...	16.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	17.00	...	...	4,743.67	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	12,590	6,145	6,445	78,445	38,770	39,675
0 to 14 years	2,945	1,480	1,455	8,950	4,625	4,325
0 to 4 years	1,185	580	605	2,660	1,375	1,280
5 to 9 years	925	480	450	3,100	1,615	1,485
10 to 14 years	825	425	405	3,200	1,635	1,560
15 to 64 years	7,895	3,930	3,970	50,765	25,215	25,555
15 to 19 years	880	450	425	3,775	1,945	1,825
20 to 24 years	1,025	505	520	3,530	1,855	1,670
25 to 29 years	1,025	520	500	3,200	1,635	1,570
30 to 34 years	850	440	410	3,550	1,735	1,815
35 to 39 years	730	365	365	4,185	2,045	2,135
40 to 44 years	675	340	335	4,875	2,380	2,495
45 to 49 years	665	320	345	5,745	2,835	2,905
50 to 54 years	685	335	345	7,060	3,480	3,580
55 to 59 years	700	310	390	7,535	3,720	3,810
60 to 64 years	665	330	335	7,320	3,580	3,740
65 years and over	1,755	730	1,025	18,725	8,930	9,790
65 to 69 years	485	230	255	6,570	3,260	3,310
70 to 74 years	355	135	220	4,710	2,380	2,330
75 to 79 years	320	145	170	3,190	1,555	1,635
80 to 84 years	235	95	145	2,150	1,010	1,140
85 years and over	360	125	235	2,105	725	1,380
85 to 89 years	195	65	130	1,225	465	760
90 to 94 years	130	45	85	685	215	465
95 to 99 years	30	10	20	165	30	130
100 years and over	5	0	0	30	10	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.4	24.1	22.6	11.4	11.9	10.9
15 to 64 years	62.7	64.0	61.6	64.7	65.0	64.4
65 years and over	13.9	11.9	15.9	23.9	23.0	24.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.6	2.7	1.9	3.5
Average age of the population	36.1	34.7	37.3	47.4	46.6	48.1
Median age of the population	32.3	31.1	33.8	51.1	50.5	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
Single-detached house	2,930	...	...	27,475	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	235	...	...	10	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,340	...	...	6,260	...	...
Semi-detached house	360	...	...	1,140	...	...
Row house	675	...	...	965	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	1,180	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	300	...	...	2,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	205	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	60	...	...	955	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	4,560	...	...	34,705	...	...
1 person	1,090	...	...	10,125	...	...
2 persons	1,515	...	...	14,045	...	...
3 persons	625	...	...	5,700	...	...
4 persons	675	...	...	3,545	...	...
5 or more persons	655	...	...	1,290	...	...
Number of persons in private households	12,415	...	...	76,475	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	9,650	4,660	4,990	69,490	34,140	35,345
Married or living common law	6,325	3,170	3,150	39,945	19,955	19,990
Married	6,120	3,070	3,045	28,350	14,175	14,180
Living common law	210	100	105	11,595	5,775	5,810
Not married and not living common law	3,325	1,485	1,840	29,545	14,195	15,355
Never married	2,305	1,235	1,065	18,460	10,295	8,160
Separated	175	55	120	2,715	1,265	1,455
Divorced	260	110	155	3,205	1,500	1,705
Widowed	590	90	500	5,170	1,130	4,035
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,400	...	...	24,025	...	...
2 persons	1,535	...	...	14,710	...	...
3 persons	605	...	...	5,400	...	...
4 persons	660	...	...	3,175	...	...
5 or more persons	600	...	...	745	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,395	...	...	24,020	...	...
Total couple families	3,105	...	...	19,685	...	...
Married couples	3,000	...	...	13,890	...	...
Common-law couples	105	...	...	5,795	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	290	...	...	4,340	...	...
Female parent	235	...	...	3,365	...	...
Male parent	50	...	...	975	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,105	...	...	19,685	...	...
Couples without children	1,380	...	...	11,705	...	...
Couples with children	1,725	...	...	7,980	...	...
1 child	525	...	...	4,365	...	...
2 children	620	...	...	2,935	...	...
3 or more children	575	...	...	680	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	295	...	...	4,340	...	...
1 child	150	...	...	3,000	...	...
2 children	80	...	...	1,035	...	...
3 or more children	55	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,550	635	910	14,270	7,020	7,245
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
One-census-family households	3,290	...	...	22,830	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,345	...	...	11,230	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,950	...	...	11,600	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	55	...	...	590	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,220	...	...	11,280	...	...
One-person households	1,090	...	...	10,125	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	130	...	...	1,155	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	12,415	6,075	6,340	77,065	38,215	38,850
English only	11,755	5,785	5,970	6,540	3,370	3,170
French only	5	0	0	31,525	14,960	16,565
English and French	205	85	115	38,940	19,850	19,085
Neither English nor French	455	200	255	60	30	25
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	12,415	6,075	6,340	77,065	38,215	38,850
English	11,890	5,835	6,060	11,425	5,620	5,805
French	45	30	20	65,315	32,440	32,880
English and French	30	15	20	270	125	145
Neither English nor French	450	205	245	55	25	25
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	60	35	25	65,455	32,500	32,950
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.5	0.6	0.4	84.9	85.0	84.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	12,415	6,075	6,340	77,065	38,215	38,850
Single responses	12,155	5,955	6,200	76,200	37,770	38,425
Official languages	6,055	3,040	3,015	75,685	37,505	38,180
English	6,015	3,020	3,000	10,795	5,300	5,495
French	40	25	15	64,890	32,210	32,675
Non-official languages	6,100	2,915	3,185	515	265	250
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,100	2,915	3,180	505	260	245
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	20	95	55	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bilen	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	90	55	40
Amharic	5	0	0	5	0	5
Arabic	30	15	15	85	50	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	5	5	20	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	65	60	55	15	40
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fijian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	65	50	30	10	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malayalam	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	0	0	0	5
Telugu	5	5	5	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,805	2,760	3,035	205	105	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	505	260	245	20	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	505	255	245	20	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	5	5	5	0
Russian	450	235	220	5	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	20	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,060	2,375	2,675	75	35	35
Afrikaans	15	5	5	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	15	15	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5,015	2,355	2,655	55	30	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	135	70	65	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	125	70	60	20	5	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gujarati	5	0	0	5	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	55	55	10	5	5
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	10	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	55	50	80	45	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	0	15	10	10
Portuguese	10	10	5	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Spanish	85	40	45	40	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	35	15	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	5	15	10	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	25	35	15	20
Chinese languages	30	15	15	30	15	20
Cantonese	10	5	5	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	10	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	260	120	140	870	445	420
English and French	5	5	0	810	415	395
English and non-official language	250	110	140	20	10	10
French and non-official language	5	5	0	25	15	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	12,415	6,080	6,340	77,065	38,215	38,850
Single responses	11,690	5,745	5,945	76,045	37,725	38,315
Official languages	8,975	4,430	4,545	75,825	37,610	38,215
English	8,955	4,420	4,540	12,550	6,210	6,340
French	15	10	5	63,280	31,400	31,880
Non-official languages	2,715	1,315	1,400	220	115	100
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,715	1,315	1,395	220	115	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	55	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	55	25	25
Amharic	5	0	0	5	5	5
Arabic	30	15	15	50	25	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	5	5	10	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	25	20	15	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	30	25	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,545	1,225	1,320	70	40	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	335	170	165	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	335	175	160	5	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Russian	295	155	145	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,035	955	1,070	15	5	5
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,855	870	985	15	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	160	80	80	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	55	50	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	100	55	50	5	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	45	45	5	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	35	35	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Spanish	60	30	30	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	30	20	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	15	10	10
Chinese languages	15	5	5	10	5	5
Cantonese	5	0	0	10	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	725	330	400	1,020	490	530
English and French	10	5	5	925	440	485
English and non-official language	715	325	390	45	20	25
French and non-official language	5	0	5	30	20	15
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	12,415	6,080	6,340	77,065	38,215	38,850
None	9,310	4,590	4,725	67,305	33,455	33,850
English	1,125	525	600	6,720	3,305	3,410
French	25	15	15	2,775	1,320	1,455
Non-official language	1,930	930	995	220	110	110
Aboriginal	5	0	0	0	5	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,925	930	995	215	105	110
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	5
English and non-official language	25	20	10	35	15	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	9,480	4,595	4,880	67,545	33,335	34,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,065	4,410	4,655	65,250	32,320	32,930
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,011	39,930	21,446	27,373	33,666	22,249
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,070	4,415	4,655	65,275	32,325	32,950
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,944	35,081	20,513	25,130	30,028	21,067
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,145	4,200	3,940	51,995	27,100	24,895
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,349	38,965	18,603	23,491	28,376	19,523
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,635	2,925	3,710	53,910	25,870	28,040
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,398	1,182	6,300	10,626	12,519	9,081
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,970	3,825	3,145	43,275	23,120	20,145
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,939	39,116	20,752	23,302	27,121	20,462
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	9,475	4,595	4,880	67,545	33,335	34,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,045	4,370	4,675	65,175	32,300	32,875
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,333	44,573	26,701	35,461	42,861	28,193
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,045	4,365	4,680	65,190	32,295	32,900
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,490	37,812	23,651	30,214	35,635	24,892
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,205	4,190	4,020	51,820	27,060	24,755
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,374	42,573	23,777	33,500	39,815	26,598
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,615	2,915	3,705	53,960	25,980	27,980
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,891	5,582	7,919	10,663	11,810	9,597
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,970	3,765	3,200	43,270	23,235	20,035
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,287	42,447	24,676	33,413	38,631	27,361
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	9,480	4,595	4,880	67,540	33,335	34,205
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,250	2,220	1,030	13,980	6,775	7,205
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	43,672	47,239	35,067	44,564	50,858	39,890
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,893	52,914	40,230	51,622	59,276	44,427
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.0	91.8	76.8	75.1	77.8	71.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.4	82.1	62.3	62.2	64.4	59.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.9	8.1	23.2	24.9	22.2	28.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	9,475	4,595	4,885	67,545	33,335	34,210
Without total income	410	180	225	2,285	1,010	1,280
With total income	9,070	4,415	4,650	65,255	32,325	32,930
Percentage with total income	95.7	96.1	95.2	96.6	97.0	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,230	375	855	9,310	3,565	5,745
$10,000 to $19,999	1,820	515	1,305	14,595	5,585	9,010
$20,000 to $29,999	1,485	540	940	11,640	4,945	6,695
$30,000 to $39,999	1,400	785	615	9,825	5,435	4,385
$40,000 to $49,999	1,195	800	390	6,380	3,660	2,715
$50,000 to $59,999	715	515	200	3,795	2,410	1,380
$60,000 to $69,999	385	275	110	2,645	1,730	910
$70,000 to $79,999	290	205	80	2,250	1,320	930
$80,000 to $89,999	170	110	60	1,500	930	565
$90,000 to $99,999	100	70	30	850	625	230
$100,000 and over	280	225	65	2,465	2,110	355
$100,000 to $149,999	195	145	45	1,820	1,555	260
$150,000 and over	90	75	20	645	555	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	9,480	4,595	4,880	67,540	33,335	34,205
Without after-tax income	410	185	225	2,270	1,010	1,260
With after-tax income	9,070	4,410	4,655	65,275	32,325	32,950
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	96.0	95.4	96.6	97.0	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,260	385	875	9,515	3,605	5,915
$10,000 to $19,999	1,930	555	1,375	15,490	5,920	9,565
$20,000 to $29,999	1,845	740	1,105	14,280	6,615	7,665
$30,000 to $39,999	1,740	1,095	645	10,395	5,945	4,450
$40,000 to $49,999	1,040	725	315	6,030	3,675	2,355
$50,000 to $59,999	505	365	145	3,625	2,315	1,310
$60,000 to $69,999	330	230	95	2,580	1,540	1,040
$70,000 to $79,999	155	110	40	1,245	920	330
$80,000 and over	270	210	60	2,110	1,790	315
$80,000 to $89,999	85	65	20	750	625	120
$90,000 to $99,999	55	40	15	440	380	60
$100,000 and over	125	100	25	920	785	135
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	9,480	4,595	4,880	67,545	33,335	34,205
Without employment income	2,510	775	1,735	24,270	10,210	14,060
With employment income	6,965	3,825	3,145	43,275	23,120	20,145
Percentage with employment income	73.5	83.2	64.4	64.1	69.4	58.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	730	260	465	5,965	3,105	2,860
$5,000 to $9,999	600	220	380	4,425	1,885	2,535
$10,000 to $19,999	1,040	370	670	8,895	4,405	4,485
$20,000 to $29,999	1,005	430	580	6,400	2,955	3,450
$30,000 to $39,999	1,125	680	445	4,585	2,485	2,105
$40,000 to $49,999	985	710	280	3,460	1,880	1,575
$50,000 to $59,999	570	455	115	2,330	1,495	835
$60,000 to $69,999	285	215	75	1,835	1,150	680
$70,000 to $79,999	215	170	45	1,770	935	835
$80,000 and over	415	325	90	3,615	2,820	790
$80,000 to $89,999	140	100	45	1,135	730	405
$90,000 to $99,999	75	60	20	655	495	160
$100,000 and over	190	165	25	1,825	1,600	225
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,436	...	...	52,793	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,568	...	...	47,671	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,090	...	...	10,120	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,674	...	...	23,923	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,005	...	...	22,839	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,475	...	...	24,575	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,959	...	...	67,619	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,720	...	...	60,153	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	4,565	...	...	34,705	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,007	...	...	66,602	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	60,412	...	...	56,763	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,085	...	...	10,125	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,951	...	...	32,574	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,586	...	...	28,109	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,475	...	...	24,575	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,965	...	...	80,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,736	...	...	68,564	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	4,560	...	...	34,700	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	265	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	1,055	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...	790	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	205	...	...	2,710	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	240	...	...	1,890	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	190	...	...	2,180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	225	...	...	2,260	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	245	...	...	2,030	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	230	...	...	1,720	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	225	...	...	1,565	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	520	...	...	3,010	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	425	...	...	2,560	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	395	...	...	2,315	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	315	...	...	1,945	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	260	...	...	1,525	...	...
$100,000 and over	905	...	...	6,875	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	405	...	...	2,810	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	220	...	...	1,755	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	155	...	...	1,550	...	...
$200,000 and over	125	...	...	760	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,560	...	...	34,705	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	275	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	1,065	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	105	...	...	800	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...	2,835	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	275	...	...	2,175	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	210	...	...	2,415	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...	2,525	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	280	...	...	2,245	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	275	...	...	1,970	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	310	...	...	1,980	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	580	...	...	3,430	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	500	...	...	2,995	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	375	...	...	2,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	270	...	...	1,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	220	...	...	1,440	...	...
$100,000 and over	560	...	...	4,325	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	290	...	...	2,365	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	120	...	...	1,065	...	...
$150,000 and over	150	...	...	900	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,405	...	...	23,815	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,327	...	...	67,392	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,161	...	...	60,007	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,345	...	...	10,885	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,162	...	...	59,432	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	57,920	...	...	53,080	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,730	...	...	8,205	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	76,117	...	...	96,477	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	67,550	...	...	83,548	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.3	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	270	...	...	3,930	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,952	...	...	42,707	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,688	...	...	40,613	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,410	...	...	23,775	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,071	...	...	80,699	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,956	...	...	68,568	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,355	...	...	10,790	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,033	...	...	71,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,773	...	...	60,486	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,740	...	...	8,270	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,017	...	...	106,674	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	76,377	...	...	89,671	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	260	...	...	3,895	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,968	...	...	52,266	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,248	...	...	46,711	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,350	540	810	12,410	6,210	6,200
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,048	34,475	25,008	23,686	28,256	21,096
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,843	30,251	23,904	22,522	25,468	20,664
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,345	585	765	12,355	6,140	6,220
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,375	37,150	32,244	31,743	36,147	27,392
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,021	31,848	28,617	27,455	30,532	24,415
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	12,415	6,075	6,335	76,475	37,950	38,525
In the bottom half of the distribution	8,790	4,235	4,560	48,190	23,255	24,935
In the bottom decile	1,115	515	600	8,100	3,630	4,465
In the second decile	2,340	1,060	1,275	12,200	5,580	6,615
In the third decile	2,185	1,075	1,115	10,010	4,885	5,115
In the fourth decile	1,700	840	855	9,345	4,780	4,570
In the fifth decile	1,455	740	715	8,530	4,370	4,165
In the top half of the distribution	3,625	1,845	1,780	28,285	14,690	13,595
In the sixth decile	1,055	540	520	7,805	4,015	3,790
In the seventh decile	925	470	455	6,985	3,595	3,390
In the eighth decile	725	370	355	6,265	3,205	3,060
In the ninth decile	520	260	255	4,400	2,340	2,060
In the top decile	400	200	195	2,830	1,540	1,290
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	12,410	6,075	6,340	76,340	37,875	38,465
0 to 17 years	3,460	1,755	1,705	11,175	5,740	5,430
0 to 5 years	1,370	665	710	3,250	1,670	1,580
18 to 64 years	7,315	3,630	3,690	47,795	23,660	24,140
65 years and over	1,635	695	945	17,375	8,475	8,900
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,295	1,020	1,275	14,880	6,695	8,190
0 to 17 years	895	445	450	2,590	1,325	1,265
0 to 5 years	425	195	230	890	460	425
18 to 64 years	1,010	445	560	7,310	3,215	4,100
65 years and over	395	125	270	4,985	2,155	2,825
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.5	16.8	20.1	19.5	17.7	21.3
0 to 17 years (%)	25.9	25.4	26.4	23.2	23.1	23.3
0 to 5 years (%)	31.0	29.3	32.4	27.4	27.5	26.9
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	12.3	15.2	15.3	13.6	17.0
65 years and over (%)	24.2	18.0	28.6	28.7	25.4	31.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	690	340	355	4,185	1,995	2,190
0 to 17 years	230	130	100	725	355	370
0 to 5 years	105	60	50	245	130	110
18 to 64 years	415	190	230	3,200	1,520	1,685
65 years and over	50	20	25	255	120	135
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.3	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	7.4	5.9	6.5	6.2	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	9.0	7.0	7.5	7.8	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.2	6.2	6.7	6.4	7.0
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.9	2.6	1.5	1.4	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	12,415	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,525
Official languages	12,000	5,910	6,090	76,395	37,905	38,490
English	11,995	5,915	6,085	45,330	23,125	22,210
French	190	65	125	69,930	34,570	35,365
Non-official languages	7,065	3,410	3,645	1,160	600	565
Aboriginal languages	15	10	10	15	10	10
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	15	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,050	3,405	3,640	1,150	595	560
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	45	20	160	100	60
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	15	15	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	45	20	160	100	65
Amharic	0	0	0	30	20	10
Arabic	30	10	15	130	85	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	70	75	90	25	65
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	75	75	80	25	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	30	25	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	15	0	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,760	3,255	3,500	680	350	320
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	705	350	355	25	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	710	350	355	25	15	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Croatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	680	345	340	15	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,985	2,865	3,125	120	70	50
Afrikaans	50	20	30	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0	25	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5,595	2,675	2,915	100	60	40
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	735	335	400	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	175	75	105	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	170	65	105	0	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	90	40	50	0	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	40	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	0	20	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	45	25	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	40	20	15
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	460	300	155	495	245	250
Catalan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	60	35	20
Portuguese	10	10	0	10	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Spanish	450	295	160	440	215	225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	20	55	25	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	45	30	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	15	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	35	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	70	35	35
Chinese languages	30	15	15	70	35	35
Cantonese	15	10	10	35	20	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	10	45	25	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	12,415	6,075	6,335	76,475	37,950	38,530
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	10,795	5,265	5,530	75,975	37,690	38,285
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,020	1,530	1,490	11,095	5,675	5,420
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,775	3,740	4,045	64,885	32,015	32,865
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,620	810	810	505	260	245
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	12,415	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,525
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	8,730	4,255	4,475	75,390	37,375	38,020
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,445	1,690	1,760	1,025	535	490
Before 1981	750	350	405	370	215	155
1981 to 1990	305	165	130	70	40	25
1991 to 2000	450	245	200	75	25	45
2001 to 2010	1,175	545	630	250	120	125
2001 to 2005	405	210	195	100	45	50
2006 to 2010	765	330	435	155	75	75
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	770	390	385	255	125	130
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	240	130	110	60	40	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,445	1,690	1,760	1,025	535	490
Under 5 years	615	345	275	160	70	85
5 to 14 years	975	455	525	220	115	105
15 to 24 years	610	285	330	140	80	60
25 to 44 years	1,030	500	525	390	190	195
45 years and over	210	110	100	110	75	35
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,445	1,690	1,760	1,025	535	490
Americas	1,985	975	1,010	270	125	140
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	10	10	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	15	30	15	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,530	755	775	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	10	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	75	30	45	165	75	90
Other places of birth in Americas	345	170	175	40	20	15
Europe	675	345	330	370	210	155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	105	75	35
Germany	390	180	215	55	25	30
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Italy	0	0	0	20	15	10
Netherlands	0	0	0	20	15	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	10	10
Russian Federation	190	105	90	10	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	65	45	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	90	55	40
Other places of birth in Europe	25	25	0	45	15	30
Africa	95	55	40	115	75	45
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	15	0	10
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	35	10	60	35	25
Asia	685	310	375	275	120	150
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	45	15	35
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	135	60	75	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	0	0	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	15	10	45	20	25
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	10	10	0	0
Philippines	140	70	70	70	20	50
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	30	15	15
Other places of birth in Asia	350	150	200	30	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	770	385	385	260	130	130
Americas	235	90	140	40	25	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	170	70	95	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	15	15	25	10	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	25	10	0	0
Europe	145	100	45	60	30	30
France	0	0	0	55	35	20
Germany	50	20	25	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	60	45	20	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	15	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	25	0	0	0	0
Africa	45	30	15	45	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eritrea	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	35	15	20
Asia	345	165	180	115	55	65
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	60	25	35	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	100	60	45	35	15	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	190	80	105	15	10	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	12,415	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,530
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	3,905	1,900	2,005	1,140	600	540
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,850	1,430	1,420	1,170	565	600
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,655	2,740	2,910	74,170	36,785	37,390
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,760	1,380	1,385	665	330	330
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,745	895	850	285	140	140
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	440	325	120	115	70	40
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,305	575	730	165	65	100
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	820	355	465	320	150	170
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	165	115	50	60	35	25
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	30	10	20	10	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	12,415	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,525
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	345	140	205	3,025	1,700	1,325
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	340	145	205	2,780	1,570	1,215
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	160	65	90	1,020	605	415
Métis	180	75	110	1,740	960	780
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	10	100	50	50
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	145	85	60
Non-Aboriginal identity	12,065	5,935	6,135	73,450	36,250	37,200
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	12,415	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,525
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	145	60	90	810	470	345
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	12,265	6,015	6,250	75,665	37,475	38,180
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	12,415	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,530
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110	35	75	1,570	825	745
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	105	35	75	1,495	775	725
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	45	10	35	1,020	540	485
Métis single ancestry	55	25	35	455	240	220
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	20	0	20
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	75	45	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	75	50	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	295	110	185	3,430	1,830	1,595
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	295	110	185	3,270	1,745	1,525
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	115	55	60	2,395	1,215	1,180
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	50	125	860	515	345
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	160	85	70
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	155	80	70
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	12,015	5,930	6,080	71,480	35,295	36,185
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	12,410	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,525
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	665	340	325	770	385	380
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	195	85	110	35	20	15
Chinese	45	25	20	100	40	65
Black	45	35	10	240	130	110
Filipino	140	70	65	85	25	60
Latin American	60	30	30	70	35	30
Arab	20	10	10	110	70	40
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	45	20	25
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	50	30	25	55	25	30
Japanese	10	0	0	10	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	35	25	10	10	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	11,750	5,735	6,015	75,705	37,560	38,140
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	12,415	6,075	6,340	76,475	37,950	38,530
North American Aboriginal origins	400	140	260	4,995	2,650	2,340
First Nations (North American Indian)	160	65	100	3,645	1,890	1,760
Inuit	0	0	0	40	20	20
Métis	240	80	160	1,545	885	660
Other North American origins	3,630	1,850	1,780	61,455	30,350	31,100
Acadian	0	0	0	5,540	2,810	2,730
American	60	25	30	160	95	65
Canadian	3,580	1,825	1,750	57,910	28,555	29,355
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	50	25	25
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	145	70	75
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	9,095	4,370	4,730	25,825	12,775	13,055
British Isles origins	945	445	505	10,115	4,890	5,225
Channel Islander	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	540	240	300	3,850	1,775	2,070
Irish	235	115	115	5,820	2,845	2,970
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	365	180	190	3,210	1,545	1,660
Welsh	25	10	15	35	15	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	60	25	30	155	75	80
French origins	245	110	140	18,780	9,295	9,485
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15	0	15
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	245	105	140	18,780	9,295	9,485
Western European origins (except French origins)	6,530	3,105	3,420	1,095	535	560
Austrian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	20	0	15	45	30	15
Dutch	1,635	790	850	285	120	160
Flemish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5,690	2,675	3,015	750	370	380
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swiss	20	10	10	30	15	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115	60	50	140	70	75
Danish	40	30	10	65	20	45
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	10	0	10	10	0
Norwegian	35	15	20	40	30	20
Swedish	30	10	25	15	10	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	0	15	10	0
Eastern European origins	4,285	2,135	2,150	265	140	120
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Byelorussian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	10	0	0	40	20	25
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Moldovan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Polish	180	75	105	60	35	20
Romanian	0	0	0	15	0	0
Russian	3,545	1,765	1,780	30	15	15
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	950	485	465	95	50	45
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	155	75	75	720	400	320
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	20	0	10
Italian	25	15	10	445	260	190
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10	105	50	55
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	95	45	45	160	75	85
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	35	15	25	95	50	40
Basque	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jewish	15	0	15	0	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	20	10	10	75	45	30
Caribbean origins	65	45	25	65	45	20
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	10	10	10	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	20	15	30	20	15
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	15	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	25	10	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	25	10	0	10	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,755	890	870	80	45	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	80	60	20	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	20	15	10
Colombian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ecuadorian	15	0	15	10	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	10	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	1,625	835	795	15	0	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	75	25	45	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	125	70	50	250	125	120
Central and West African origins	15	10	0	90	45	45
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	15	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	20	0	10	60	40	20
Algerian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20	0	15
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Libyan	20	10	10	25	10	20
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	60	45	20	35	15	20
Afrikaner	30	10	20	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	30	10	15	70	30	35
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	30	15	20	60	30	30
Asian origins	680	325	360	685	300	385
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	220	90	125	315	160	160
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Armenian	15	0	10	10	10	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	10	10	0
Jordanian	10	0	10	25	15	10
Kazakh	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	0	10	160	65	90
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	10	0	90	55	40
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	55	25	30	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	10	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	205	90	110	45	15	30
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	150	75	75	45	15	30
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	270	145	125	335	125	205
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	35	25	15	120	50	65
Filipino	160	85	75	125	30	95
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	10	0	15	10	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	30	25	45	20	25
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	10	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
Owner	3,280	...	...	27,535	...	...
Renter	1,285	...	...	7,110	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
Condominium	670	...	...	1,060	...	...
Not condominium	3,890	...	...	33,645	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	4,565	...	...	34,705	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	100	...	...
1 bedroom	430	...	...	3,290	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,145	...	...	10,690	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,340	...	...	12,645	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,650	...	...	7,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	4,565	...	...	34,705	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,070	...	...	7,800	...	...
5 rooms	750	...	...	6,670	...	...
6 rooms	605	...	...	6,150	...	...
7 rooms	425	...	...	4,585	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,715	...	...	9,490	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,455	...	...	34,590	...	...
More than 1 person per room	110	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
Suitable	4,360	...	...	33,995	...	...
Not suitable	205	...	...	710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
1960 or before	355	...	...	6,620	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,185	...	...	13,610	...	...
1981 to 1990	535	...	...	6,220	...	...
1991 to 2000	625	...	...	4,235	...	...
2001 to 2005	470	...	...	1,270	...	...
2006 to 2010	585	...	...	1,400	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	820	...	...	1,350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	4,560	...	...	34,700	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,395	...	...	31,435	...	...
Major repairs needed	170	...	...	3,265	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	4,560	...	...	34,700	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,790	...	...	23,095	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,690	...	...	11,260	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	85	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	4,565	...	...	34,700	...	...
15 to 24 years	270	...	...	595	...	...
25 to 34 years	955	...	...	2,840	...	...
35 to 44 years	685	...	...	4,680	...	...
45 to 54 years	770	...	...	6,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	775	...	...	8,365	...	...
65 to 74 years	480	...	...	6,760	...	...
75 to 84 years	400	...	...	3,405	...	...
85 years and over	230	...	...	1,170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	4,560	...	...	34,495	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,720	...	...	29,425	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	840	...	...	5,070	...	...
30% to less than 100%	780	...	...	4,560	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,280	...	...	27,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.7	...	...	48.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	9.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	970	...	...	548	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	982	...	...	685	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	240,263	...	...	100,249	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	256,134	...	...	127,244	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,285	...	...	7,100	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	17.9	...	...	18.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	35.0	...	...	36.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	862	...	...	573	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	844	...	...	601	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	9,480	4,600	4,880	67,545	33,335	34,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,830	1,890	1,940	23,255	12,145	11,105
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,580	1,265	1,320	14,835	6,865	7,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,065	1,445	1,625	29,455	14,325	15,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	485	315	175	7,650	5,130	2,520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	285	195	95	4,025	2,300	1,720
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	200	115	80	3,630	2,835	795
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,380	565	815	12,995	5,905	7,095
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	220	110	110	1,715	455	1,260
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	985	450	530	7,090	2,835	4,260
Bachelor's degree	730	330	405	5,255	1,950	3,300
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	50	60	645	290	360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	15	20	220	120	100
Master's degree	95	50	45	875	410	460
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	0	100	60	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,945	2,960	2,985	42,910	21,105	21,810
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,915	1,000	920	11,060	6,330	4,725
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,695	835	855	10,025	4,665	5,365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,335	1,125	1,210	21,825	10,110	11,715
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	315	215	95	4,945	3,200	1,750
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	190	140	50	2,705	1,490	1,220
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	125	75	45	2,240	1,710	530
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,035	440	590	10,395	4,680	5,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175	90	85	1,190	315	875
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	810	375	435	5,285	1,910	3,370
Bachelor's degree	595	260	330	3,985	1,435	2,555
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	45	35	465	165	305
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	15	20	185	85	95
Master's degree	85	45	45	575	195	390
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	0	60	35	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	9,480	4,595	4,880	67,545	33,335	34,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,410	3,155	3,260	38,090	19,010	19,075
Education	505	175	325	2,590	715	1,875
13. Education	500	170	330	2,595	715	1,880
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	95	45	50	360	150	205
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	65	55	10
50. Visual and performing arts	75	35	40	295	100	195
Humanities	235	110	130	555	240	315
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	0	10	65	0	60
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	60	10	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	10	35	190	70	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	15	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	70	55	85	65	20
54. History	20	15	15	75	50	25
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	70	30	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	175	55	120	1,500	360	1,135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	0	70	30	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	0	60	745	65	685
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	170	70	100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	10	10	40	0	35
42. Psychology	20	10	15	250	80	175
45. Social sciences	55	30	25	225	115	110
Business, management and public administration	455	205	250	5,975	1,470	4,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	30	10	20	525	100	425
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	425	195	225	5,440	1,365	4,075
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	15	20	455	265	185
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	15	140	65	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	65	35	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	25	0	15
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	155	120	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	75	40	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	45	20	700	385	315
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	40	0	565	345	220
25. Library science	10	0	0	90	10	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	40	20	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	585	545	45	8,375	8,185	190
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	20	20	0
14. Engineering	95	75	20	430	410	20
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	105	95	15	1,170	1,100	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	110	110	0	2,420	2,375	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	155	145	15	2,405	2,380	30
48. Precision production	120	120	0	1,930	1,900	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	100	85	15	550	430	125
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	100	85	15	230	140	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	320	290	35
Health and related fields	630	105	530	5,480	795	4,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15	15	0	150	100	55
51. Health professions and related programs	610	85	525	5,270	650	4,620
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	10	60	45	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	185	60	125	2,920	1,335	1,580
12. Personal and culinary services	150	25	125	1,670	200	1,470
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	15	15	0	315	230	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	910	885	25
Other	0	0	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,940	2,960	2,985	42,910	21,105	21,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	3,610	1,830	1,775	21,085	10,995	10,090
Education	390	140	250	1,540	350	1,190
13. Education	390	140	255	1,540	345	1,195
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	40	35	280	125	150
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	0	10	45	40	10
50. Visual and performing arts	60	35	25	235	90	150
Humanities	155	65	90	330	130	205
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	45	0	40
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	35	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	110	35	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	50	45	50	35	20
54. History	15	10	15	55	35	10
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	35	10	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	130	40	85	1,165	225	940
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	10	10	55	30	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	45	0	45	610	45	560
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	10	135	40	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	0	40	0	35
42. Psychology	15	0	10	175	45	125
45. Social sciences	45	25	20	150	55	90
Business, management and public administration	350	160	185	4,810	1,125	3,680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	10	10	405	70	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	330	155	170	4,395	1,060	3,335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	15	15	320	160	160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10	105	50	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	40	20	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	20	0	15
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	90	65	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	10	0	60	30	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	50	35	10	590	315	275
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40	40	0	495	295	200
25. Library science	0	0	0	70	10	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	20	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	470	440	35	5,820	5,670	145
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	20	20	0
14. Engineering	95	75	20	315	305	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	100	90	10	915	855	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	85	85	0	1,560	1,535	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	110	105	0	1,650	1,620	30
48. Precision production	80	80	0	1,355	1,335	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	80	65	15	445	340	110
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	70	60	15	180	105	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	10	0	265	235	30
Health and related fields	490	85	410	4,250	655	3,595
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15	20	0	125	80	45
51. Health professions and related programs	465	65	400	4,075	545	3,535
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	10	0	50	35	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	120	45	75	2,270	1,015	1,255
12. Personal and culinary services	90	15	75	1,285	125	1,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	215	140	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	755	730	30
Other	0	0	0	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	9,475	4,595	4,885	67,540	33,335	34,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,410	3,155	3,255	38,090	19,010	19,075
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,070	1,440	1,625	29,455	14,325	15,130
Location of study inside Canada	2,405	1,110	1,295	28,975	14,070	14,905
Same as province or territory of residence	2,190	995	1,190	24,635	11,780	12,855
Different than province or territory of residence	220	115	105	4,340	2,290	2,050
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	665	335	330	480	255	225
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50	30	20	155	75	80
Philippines	80	45	40	35	15	20
India	75	30	45	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	20	10	15
France	0	0	0	70	45	30
Other	450	230	225	180	105	70
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,945	2,960	2,985	42,910	21,105	21,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,610	1,835	1,775	21,085	10,990	10,095
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,335	1,130	1,205	21,820	10,110	11,715
Location of study inside Canada	1,705	815	890	21,515	9,955	11,565
Same as province or territory of residence	1,555	735	825	18,475	8,485	9,990
Different than province or territory of residence	150	80	70	3,040	1,475	1,565
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	630	315	320	305	155	155
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	30	10	20	80	30	45
Philippines	80	40	40	25	10	20
India	70	30	45	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	20	0	15
France	0	0	0	35	30	10
Other	440	230	215	145	85	60
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	9,480	4,595	4,880	67,545	33,335	34,205
In the labour force	6,405	3,650	2,760	37,080	19,690	17,390
Employed	6,005	3,445	2,565	31,415	15,740	15,670
Unemployed	400	205	190	5,660	3,945	1,715
Not in the labour force	3,070	950	2,125	30,465	13,645	16,815
Participation rate	67.6	79.4	56.6	54.9	59.1	50.8
Employment rate	63.3	75.0	52.6	46.5	47.2	45.8
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.6	6.9	15.3	20.0	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	9,480	4,595	4,885	67,540	33,335	34,205
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,810	875	1,930	27,490	12,035	15,455
Worked	6,670	3,720	2,955	40,050	21,295	18,750
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,360	2,285	1,075	14,205	6,940	7,265
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,310	1,435	1,880	25,850	14,365	11,485
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	44.7	41.1	35.4	33.5	37.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	6,400	3,645	2,760	37,075	19,685	17,390
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	80	30	50	790	450	340
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,325	3,620	2,710	36,285	19,240	17,045
Employee	5,685	3,200	2,485	33,315	17,335	15,985
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	640	420	220	2,970	1,905	1,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	6,405	3,650	2,755	37,075	19,685	17,390
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	80	35	50	790	445	340
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,325	3,615	2,705	36,290	19,240	17,045
0 Management occupations	615	460	155	2,500	1,500	1,005
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	710	290	420	4,210	905	3,305
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	190	150	40	1,315	1,095	225
3 Health occupations	430	60	370	3,325	540	2,780
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	640	185	455	3,365	855	2,505
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	85	35	50	505	205	300
6 Sales and service occupations	1,430	520	910	8,350	3,070	5,280
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,230	1,150	80	7,105	6,820	280
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	175	140	30	2,645	2,355	295
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	825	625	200	2,975	1,900	1,075
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	6,405	3,650	2,755	37,075	19,690	17,390
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	80	30	45	785	450	340
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,325	3,615	2,705	36,290	19,240	17,045
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	335	245	85	2,795	2,415	375
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	940	850	90
22 Utilities	10	10	0	230	200	30
23 Construction	570	505	65	3,330	3,125	210
31-33 Manufacturing	1,285	1,025	265	4,630	3,155	1,475
41 Wholesale trade	200	155	40	705	560	145
44-45 Retail trade	810	395	420	4,750	2,120	2,620
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	335	275	55	1,045	825	220
51 Information and cultural industries	90	60	35	355	195	160
52 Finance and insurance	140	60	80	1,105	320	785
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	50	40	15	205	115	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	250	135	120	990	555	430
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	15	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	130	65	65	870	520	350
61 Educational services	485	185	300	2,350	700	1,645
62 Health care and social assistance	825	110	715	5,390	930	4,460
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	40	25	15	420	220	200
72 Accommodation and food services	350	100	245	2,250	575	1,680
81 Other services (except public administration)	285	130	155	1,810	860	950
91 Public administration	120	85	35	2,105	985	1,115
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	6,005	3,445	2,565	31,415	15,740	15,670
Worked at home	300	100	195	1,615	800	815
Worked outside Canada	15	15	10	110	105	0
No fixed workplace address	685	570	110	4,300	3,330	965
Worked at usual place	5,010	2,760	2,250	25,390	11,510	13,885
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,010	2,760	2,250	25,395	11,505	13,885
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,820	2,135	1,680	10,065	4,225	5,840
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,060	540	520	12,900	5,495	7,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	115	70	45	1,770	1,230	540
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	665	560	105
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	5,690	3,325	2,365	29,690	14,835	14,850
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,840	2,865	1,980	25,755	12,605	13,155
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	335	195	140	1,815	795	1,015
Public transit	70	35	40	425	375	50
Walked	240	85	155	860	385	475
Bicycle	160	120	40	80	55	25
Other method	55	35	15	750	620	130
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	5,695	3,325	2,360	29,690	14,835	14,850
Less than 15 minutes	4,410	2,480	1,930	13,855	6,390	7,460
15 to 29 minutes	915	580	340	9,945	4,600	5,345
30 to 44 minutes	210	150	60	3,335	1,970	1,370
45 to 59 minutes	65	40	25	1,180	760	420
60 minutes and over	95	85	15	1,370	1,115	260
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	5,690	3,330	2,365	29,690	14,840	14,855
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	245	205	45	2,015	1,605	410
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,460	1,080	375	4,520	2,595	1,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,520	1,010	505	10,550	5,070	5,480
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,210	530	685	5,970	2,130	3,840
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	445	150	300	1,890	555	1,340
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	810	345	460	4,750	2,885	1,865
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	6,875	3,815	3,060	41,315	21,925	19,395
Single responses	6,735	3,745	2,990	38,430	20,505	17,925
Official languages	6,545	3,605	2,935	38,425	20,495	17,925
English	6,545	3,605	2,940	8,500	5,445	3,055
French	0	0	0	29,915	15,050	14,865
Non-official languages	195	135	60	10	10	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	195	135	60	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	135	60	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	175	115	60	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	95	60	35	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	75	55	25	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	135	70	65	2,880	1,420	1,465
English and French	0	0	0	2,870	1,410	1,460
English and non-official language	135	70	65	10	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	6,875	3,815	3,060	41,315	21,925	19,390
None	5,835	3,205	2,635	26,345	13,950	12,395
English	120	80	40	10,775	5,340	5,430
French	35	10	30	4,130	2,595	1,530
Non-official language	880	525	360	45	25	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	885	525	355	45	30	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	15	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	12,190	5,955	6,230	76,005	37,705	38,300
Non-movers	10,040	4,885	5,155	70,250	34,875	35,375
Movers	2,145	1,070	1,075	5,755	2,825	2,925
Non-migrants	1,200	615	590	3,370	1,640	1,730
Migrants	950	460	485	2,380	1,190	1,195
Internal migrants	695	340	355	2,275	1,145	1,130
Intraprovincial migrants	615	305	315	1,750	830	930
Interprovincial migrants	80	40	45	520	320	205
External migrants	250	120	130	105	45	65
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	11,235	5,470	5,765	73,820	36,570	37,250
Non-movers	5,580	2,640	2,940	57,585	28,970	28,615
Movers	5,655	2,830	2,820	16,235	7,605	8,630
Non-migrants	2,930	1,465	1,465	9,210	4,280	4,930
Migrants	2,725	1,370	1,360	7,025	3,325	3,695
Internal migrants	1,855	910	950	6,760	3,190	3,575
Intraprovincial migrants	1,505	710	795	5,040	2,340	2,695
Interprovincial migrants	355	200	150	1,720	845	875
External migrants	875	460	410	265	140	125

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^E

use with caution
After the release of the 2016 or 2011 Census population and dwelling counts, issues affecting the data are occasionally uncovered. It is not possible to make changes to the 2016 or 2011 Census data presented in release tables.
Refer to the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2011 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Winkler, CY [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Gloucester, CT [Census division], New Brunswick (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winkler, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Gloucester, County [Census division], New Brunswick

Census Profile, 2016 Census Winkler, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Gloucester, County [Census division], New Brunswick

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winkler, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Gloucester, County [Census division], New Brunswick