Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Fermont, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Southwest Manitoba [Economic region]			Fermont, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba Map : Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Fermont, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	113,618	...	...	2,474	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	108,868	...	...	2,874	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.4	...	...	-13.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	51,677	...	...	1,638	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	45,740	...	...	1,061	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	27,248.21	...	...	476.89	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	113,615	56,160	57,455	2,475	1,360	1,110
0 to 14 years	21,810	11,285	10,530	530	265	265
0 to 4 years	7,465	3,885	3,580	190	95	95
5 to 9 years	7,470	3,865	3,600	180	95	85
10 to 14 years	6,875	3,535	3,345	165	75	85
15 to 64 years	71,590	35,795	35,790	1,895	1,070	825
15 to 19 years	6,640	3,335	3,300	160	90	70
20 to 24 years	6,925	3,525	3,400	130	75	55
25 to 29 years	7,555	3,775	3,780	205	120	85
30 to 34 years	7,645	3,855	3,795	215	110	100
35 to 39 years	7,405	3,750	3,660	225	125	100
40 to 44 years	6,875	3,480	3,395	225	120	105
45 to 49 years	6,215	3,115	3,100	235	130	105
50 to 54 years	7,330	3,530	3,800	235	125	115
55 to 59 years	7,895	3,915	3,975	180	110	75
60 to 64 years	7,100	3,510	3,585	90	60	25
65 years and over	20,220	9,075	11,140	45	30	20
65 to 69 years	6,260	3,025	3,235	25	20	10
70 to 74 years	4,420	2,110	2,310	10	5	5
75 to 79 years	3,430	1,570	1,860	5	0	0
80 to 84 years	2,630	1,135	1,495	5	0	0
85 years and over	3,490	1,235	2,255	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	1,985	810	1,180	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	1,105	330	775	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	350	90	255	0	0	0
100 years and over	45	5	40	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	20.1	18.3	21.4	19.5	23.9
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.7	62.3	76.6	78.7	74.3
65 years and over	17.8	16.2	19.4	1.8	2.2	1.8
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	3.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	40.3	39.1	41.3	33.5	34.2	32.6
Median age of the population	39.2	38.0	40.4	35.0	35.6	34.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	45,740	...	...	1,065	...	...
Single-detached house	32,155	...	...	460	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	715	...	...	225	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	10,275	...	...	375	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,355	...	...	280	...	...
Row house	2,150	...	...	80	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	725	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,930	...	...	15	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,595	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	45,740	...	...	1,060	...	...
1 person	13,285	...	...	350	...	...
2 persons	17,230	...	...	310	...	...
3 persons	6,070	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	5,550	...	...	155	...	...
5 or more persons	3,610	...	...	65	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,215	...	...	2,475	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	91,810	44,875	46,935	1,945	1,095	845
Married or living common law	56,280	28,305	27,975	1,275	645	630
Married	47,430	23,870	23,560	480	245	235
Living common law	8,850	4,435	4,415	795	395	395
Not married and not living common law	35,530	16,570	18,960	670	455	215
Never married	22,355	12,285	10,070	545	380	165
Separated	2,010	945	1,070	25	20	10
Divorced	4,845	2,080	2,765	75	45	30
Widowed	6,315	1,255	5,060	20	15	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	31,175	...	...	700	...	...
2 persons	17,145	...	...	305	...	...
3 persons	5,755	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	5,390	...	...	150	...	...
5 or more persons	2,885	...	...	65	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	31,175	...	...	700	...	...
Total couple families	26,935	...	...	630	...	...
Married couples	22,515	...	...	230	...	...
Common-law couples	4,420	...	...	395	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,240	...	...	70	...	...
Female parent	3,325	...	...	35	...	...
Male parent	920	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	26,935	...	...	625	...	...
Couples without children	14,660	...	...	265	...	...
Couples with children	12,275	...	...	360	...	...
1 child	4,610	...	...	150	...	...
2 children	4,985	...	...	150	...	...
3 or more children	2,680	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,240	...	...	75	...	...
1 child	2,490	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	1,140	...	...	35	...	...
3 or more children	610	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,485	9,710	9,770	385	295	95
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	45,740	...	...	1,060	...	...
One-census-family households	30,095	...	...	695	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,275	...	...	265	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	15,815	...	...	430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	530	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	15,110	...	...	365	...	...
One-person households	13,280	...	...	350	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,830	...	...	15	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	111,840	55,500	56,335	2,475	1,365	1,115
English only	105,435	52,515	52,915	5	5	5
French only	50	25	20	1,730	930	805
English and French	4,940	2,285	2,660	735	435	300
Neither English nor French	1,415	680	735	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	111,840	55,505	56,335	2,475	1,360	1,115
English	108,800	53,995	54,805	30	10	20
French	1,500	780	725	2,430	1,350	1,085
English and French	170	85	90	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	1,365	645	715	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,590	820	770	35	10	20
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	0.7	1.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	111,840	55,505	56,335	2,475	1,360	1,110
Single responses	110,385	54,750	55,635	2,455	1,350	1,105
Official languages	94,140	46,575	47,565	2,435	1,345	1,090
English	92,485	45,735	46,755	30	10	15
French	1,655	845	815	2,410	1,335	1,070
Non-official languages	16,245	8,170	8,075	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	900	410	490	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	340	140	195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	115	45	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	50	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220	95	125	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	210	90	115	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	545	260	280	0	0	0
Dakota	540	260	280	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,345	7,760	7,585	20	5	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	240	180	5	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Bilen	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	380	220	170	5	5	0
Amharic	225	120	105	0	0	0
Arabic	105	65	40	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	30	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,045	1,075	970	0	0	0
Bikol	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	150	75	70	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,770	930	835	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	90	50	40	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0	0	0
Tamil	20	15	10	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,485	5,270	5,210	15	5	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,795	845	945	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,785	845	935	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	165	60	100	0	0	0
Russian	310	150	165	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,235	600	635	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	15	5	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,125	2,560	2,560	0	0	0
Afrikaans	135	70	65	0	0	0
Danish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	230	115	120	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	4,635	2,325	2,310	0	0	0
Icelandic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	35	25	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,095	610	485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,055	590	465	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	600	335	260	0	0	0
Hindi	65	45	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	120	100	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	5	0	0	0
Urdu	115	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,415	1,215	1,195	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	50	25	30	5	0	0
Romanian	20	10	5	5	0	0
Spanish	2,290	1,155	1,135	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	210	100	110	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	75	70	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	100	50	50	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,660	825	830	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,655	830	830	0	0	0
Cantonese	385	190	200	0	0	0
Hakka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,160	590	575	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	45	50	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,455	755	700	20	15	5
English and French	195	115	80	15	10	5
English and non-official language	1,185	600	585	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	20	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	111,840	55,505	56,335	2,475	1,365	1,115
Single responses	108,985	54,055	54,930	2,455	1,355	1,095
Official languages	99,300	49,095	50,210	2,445	1,350	1,095
English	98,790	48,815	49,975	20	15	10
French	505	280	230	2,420	1,340	1,080
Non-official languages	9,690	4,965	4,725	10	5	10
Aboriginal languages	80	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	15	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Dakota	20	15	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,610	4,925	4,685	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	160	145	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bilen	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	280	140	135	0	0	0
Amharic	165	85	80	0	0	0
Arabic	65	30	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	25	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,190	665	530	0	0	0
Bikol	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	85	50	35	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	15	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,060	595	465	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	85	35	45	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,205	3,145	3,060	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	615	320	295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	615	315	300	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Russian	210	95	110	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	365	195	165	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,920	1,460	1,460	0	0	0
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	35	15	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,800	1,400	1,400	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	805	440	365	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	790	435	355	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	485	270	215	0	0	0
Hindi	40	25	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	85	45	40	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,840	910	925	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	1,820	905	915	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	170	80	85	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,455	745	710	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,460	745	715	0	0	0
Cantonese	330	160	165	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,045	540	510	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,855	1,445	1,405	20	5	15
English and French	105	55	55	15	5	15
English and non-official language	2,680	1,355	1,325	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	30	25	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	111,840	55,500	56,340	2,475	1,360	1,110
None	102,980	51,095	51,880	2,330	1,290	1,045
English	4,275	2,205	2,065	110	65	50
French	880	390	490	20	10	15
Non-official language	3,585	1,745	1,835	15	5	10
Aboriginal	560	240	315	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,020	1,500	1,520	15	5	5
English and French	25	15	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	65	35	35	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,940	1,095	845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,585	41,650	42,935	1,880	1,075	805
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,768	43,165	29,470	89,293	121,173	42,094
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,600	41,655	42,945	1,880	1,075	805
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,544	37,069	26,640	68,480	87,828	35,669
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	78,725	39,485	39,240	1,815	1,065	755
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,845	40,945	25,479	89,664	120,832	36,685
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,260	27,010	34,250	850	305	545
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,280	3,302	6,030	4,547	4,464	4,555
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,425	34,660	31,765	1,775	1,060	720
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,281	40,170	26,632	90,880	120,235	38,784
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,965	1,110	855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,575	41,720	42,855	1,900	1,100	805
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,157	51,746	36,769	84,093	110,373	48,297
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,595	41,725	42,865	1,900	1,095	805
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,189	30,949	61,961	78,992	38,762
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	78,535	39,490	39,045	1,835	1,095	740
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,799	49,976	33,530	83,401	108,956	45,701
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,345	27,110	34,240	845	295	545
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,367	6,842	7,782	8,304	6,655	9,196
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,430	34,650	31,775	1,815	1,090	725
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,226	48,204	33,617	82,864	107,319	45,775
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	87,395	43,035	44,365	1,965	1,110	860
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	32,255	19,290	12,965	905	625	285
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,586	52,939	42,162	116,836	125,861	69,896
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,586	60,690	50,479	107,279	124,387	69,385
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.8	91.5	82.6	95.7	98.7	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.0	77.3	67.0	93.4	96.1	86.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.2	8.5	17.4	4.2	1.8	11.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,940	1,095	845
Without total income	2,815	1,350	1,465	60	20	40
With total income	84,585	41,650	42,935	1,880	1,075	805
Percentage with total income	96.8	96.9	96.7	96.9	98.2	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,935	4,110	5,820	210	70	140
$10,000 to $19,999	13,300	5,000	8,295	120	35	85
$20,000 to $29,999	12,500	4,785	7,710	115	30	85
$30,000 to $39,999	11,580	5,185	6,395	95	20	75
$40,000 to $49,999	10,550	5,405	5,145	115	35	75
$50,000 to $59,999	7,340	4,255	3,080	75	20	55
$60,000 to $69,999	5,650	3,635	2,015	85	40	45
$70,000 to $79,999	4,075	2,580	1,500	60	20	35
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	1,905	1,140	75	20	50
$90,000 to $99,999	1,950	1,280	665	80	35	50
$100,000 and over	4,660	3,500	1,160	850	750	105
$100,000 to $149,999	3,420	2,540	880	670	570	95
$150,000 and over	1,240	955	275	185	180	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,940	1,095	845
Without after-tax income	2,805	1,350	1,455	60	25	40
With after-tax income	84,600	41,655	42,940	1,880	1,075	805
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	96.9	96.7	96.9	98.2	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,335	4,220	6,110	215	70	145
$10,000 to $19,999	14,405	5,465	8,945	140	35	105
$20,000 to $29,999	15,235	6,025	9,210	140	30	115
$30,000 to $39,999	14,810	7,195	7,615	145	50	100
$40,000 to $49,999	10,850	6,225	4,625	105	35	70
$50,000 to $59,999	7,300	4,685	2,615	105	45	60
$60,000 to $69,999	5,005	3,115	1,890	110	40	70
$70,000 to $79,999	2,720	1,785	935	155	90	60
$80,000 and over	3,940	2,945	995	765	685	85
$80,000 to $89,999	1,455	1,050	400	235	185	50
$90,000 to $99,999	875	660	210	255	230	25
$100,000 and over	1,620	1,245	380	285	270	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,940	1,095	845
Without employment income	20,975	8,340	12,630	165	40	125
With employment income	66,425	34,665	31,770	1,780	1,060	720
Percentage with employment income	76.0	80.6	71.6	91.8	96.8	85.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,605	3,975	4,630	150	65	85
$5,000 to $9,999	5,245	2,165	3,080	80	30	50
$10,000 to $19,999	8,700	3,680	5,025	135	35	100
$20,000 to $29,999	7,970	3,335	4,630	100	25	75
$30,000 to $39,999	8,500	4,095	4,405	90	25	65
$40,000 to $49,999	7,430	4,010	3,425	75	20	55
$50,000 to $59,999	5,165	3,150	2,020	70	25	45
$60,000 to $69,999	4,145	2,805	1,340	55	20	30
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	2,065	1,130	50	20	30
$80,000 and over	7,475	5,390	2,090	970	790	180
$80,000 to $89,999	2,420	1,535	885	75	30	45
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	1,045	490	80	30	45
$100,000 and over	3,520	2,810	715	815	725	90
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	45,740	...	...	1,060	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,316	...	...	146,560	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,336	...	...	107,584	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	13,280	...	...	350	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,388	...	...	117,632	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,475	...	...	84,352	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,460	...	...	710	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,588	...	...	165,120	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,345	...	...	123,264	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,649	...	...	149,708	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,580	...	...	110,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,230	...	...	370	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,128	...	...	107,847	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,320	...	...	77,317	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	32,510	...	...	695	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,323	...	...	171,908	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,300	...	...	127,802	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	45,740	...	...	1,060	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	620	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,045	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,830	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,165	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,945	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,205	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,240	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,065	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,035	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,685	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,630	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,235	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,010	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,760	...	...	845	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,005	...	...	135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,165	...	...	205	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,015	...	...	310	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,580	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	45,740	...	...	1,060	...	...
Under $5,000	685	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,075	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,955	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,480	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,325	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,710	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,655	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,420	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,420	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,660	...	...	45	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,765	...	...	65	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...	75	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	...	...	130	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,105	...	...	615	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,195	...	...	265	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,085	...	...	165	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,820	...	...	190	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,210	...	...	695	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,676	...	...	165,547	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,634	...	...	123,392	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	14,120	...	...	260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,240	...	...	160,768	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,067	...	...	116,992	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,335	...	...	360	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,406	...	...	181,687	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	87,364	...	...	135,987	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,980	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,077	...	...	117,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,999	...	...	87,808	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,235	...	...	695	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,676	...	...	172,220	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,636	...	...	127,913	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	14,110	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,000	...	...	166,403	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,696	...	...	122,855	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,345	...	...	385	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,245	...	...	182,015	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,095	...	...	135,427	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,005	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,643	...	...	132,745	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,454	...	...	100,599	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,350	8,655	8,695	380	290	90
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,421	38,076	29,389	115,968	123,776	68,352
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,687	33,024	26,814	82,432	89,152	53,888
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	17,270	8,540	8,725	390	295	95
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,404	46,294	36,616	104,394	117,040	66,116
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,122	36,846	31,455	75,107	82,662	52,241
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	108,215	53,770	54,445	2,475	1,360	1,110
In the bottom half of the distribution	60,470	29,010	31,460	265	130	135
In the bottom decile	11,310	5,390	5,920	30	20	10
In the second decile	11,890	5,235	6,655	35	15	20
In the third decile	12,450	6,005	6,445	25	10	15
In the fourth decile	12,395	6,115	6,285	60	30	25
In the fifth decile	12,420	6,265	6,155	115	55	55
In the top half of the distribution	47,745	24,755	22,985	2,205	1,235	975
In the sixth decile	11,675	6,035	5,645	135	70	65
In the seventh decile	11,435	5,965	5,470	260	135	125
In the eighth decile	10,350	5,310	5,035	380	195	180
In the ninth decile	8,470	4,430	4,040	690	375	315
In the top decile	5,815	3,015	2,800	740	455	285
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	105,685	52,505	53,190	2,475	1,360	1,110
0 to 17 years	23,715	12,190	11,525	630	325	300
0 to 5 years	8,225	4,310	3,910	230	115	115
18 to 64 years	64,120	32,050	32,075	1,795	1,010	790
65 years and over	17,850	8,265	9,585	50	30	20
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,260	6,965	8,290	50	25	25
0 to 17 years	4,680	2,375	2,305	20	10	5
0 to 5 years	1,795	915	875	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	7,810	3,575	4,230	30	15	15
65 years and over	2,770	1,015	1,755	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.3	15.6	2.0	1.8	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	19.7	19.5	20.0	3.2	3.1	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	21.8	21.2	22.4	2.2	4.3	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	11.2	13.2	1.7	1.5	1.9
65 years and over (%)	15.5	12.3	18.3	10.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,575	3,140	3,435	20	10	5
0 to 17 years	1,915	960	960	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	740	360	380	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	4,325	2,025	2,300	10	5	5
65 years and over	330	155	175	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.5	0.8	0.7	0.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.3	0.8	1.5	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.4	9.7	2.2	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.3	7.2	0.6	0.5	0.6
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.9	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	108,215	53,770	54,445	2,500	1,405	1,095
Official languages	106,940	53,150	53,785	2,500	1,405	1,095
English	106,890	53,125	53,765	720	400	320
French	4,935	2,340	2,595	2,490	1,400	1,095
Non-official languages	16,270	8,110	8,160	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages	1,195	540	660	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	525	220	305	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	200	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	0	15	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	25	25	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	130	50	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	335	155	185	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	320	145	170	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	40	30	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Dakota	625	290	335	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,085	7,575	7,510	25	15	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	305	215	0	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Bilen	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	475	285	195	0	0	10
Amharic	275	170	105	0	0	0
Arabic	170	80	90	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	15	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	75	50	30	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	20	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,600	1,255	1,345	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	235	120	115	0	0	0
Fijian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,505	1,220	1,285	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	210	95	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	130	90	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	40	15	0	0	0
Tamil	55	35	15	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,205	4,655	4,555	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,020	950	1,070	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,010	950	1,060	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Czech	35	20	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	160	80	85	0	0	0
Russian	570	275	290	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,410	665	750	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	70	40	35	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	35	15	25	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,770	1,435	1,330	0	0	0
Afrikaans	220	95	130	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	275	130	145	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,205	1,170	1,030	0	0	0
Icelandic	25	0	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	20	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,330	740	585	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,305	725	580	0	0	0
Bengali	35	30	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	650	355	300	0	0	0
Hindi	655	365	290	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	20	10	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	170	120	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	25	10	0	0	0
Urdu	185	90	100	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	20	15	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,195	1,585	1,615	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	110	50	70	0	0	0
Portuguese	80	45	35	0	0	0
Romanian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Spanish	2,995	1,485	1,510	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	175	85	90	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	285	175	105	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	25	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	35	25	10	0	0	0
Igbo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	10	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	45	25	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	140	75	60	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	180	60	115	0	0	0
American Sign Language	110	35	75	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,850	920	925	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,850	920	930	0	0	0
Cantonese	400	185	210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,390	695	695	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	185	100	85	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	15	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	0	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	108,220	53,770	54,445	2,495	1,405	1,095
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	99,590	49,490	50,110	2,490	1,400	1,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,900	11,830	11,070	640	350	290
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,690	37,655	39,035	1,850	1,050	800
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,620	4,280	4,340	10	0	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	108,215	53,770	54,445	2,495	1,400	1,095
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	94,895	47,095	47,800	2,475	1,400	1,070
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	12,180	6,015	6,160	25	0	25
Before 1981	1,580	700	875	0	0	0
1981 to 1990	495	270	225	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	945	460	490	0	0	10
2001 to 2010	4,750	2,535	2,215	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	980	585	390	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	3,775	1,945	1,825	0	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,405	2,050	2,355	10	0	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,140	660	485	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	12,180	6,015	6,165	20	0	25
Under 5 years	1,220	600	620	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	2,525	1,215	1,310	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	1,925	910	1,010	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	5,690	2,855	2,835	10	0	10
45 years and over	820	435	385	10	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	12,175	6,015	6,160	25	0	20
Americas	2,865	1,340	1,520	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	440	240	200	0	0	0
El Salvador	920	485	435	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	15	25	0	0	0
Mexico	150	70	75	0	0	10
Peru	15	0	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	25	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	565	205	365	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	680	300	380	0	0	0
Europe	3,330	1,680	1,645	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	0	0	0
France	45	15	30	0	0	10
Germany	555	340	215	0	0	0
Greece	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	80	40	35	0	0	0
Italy	45	10	35	0	0	0
Netherlands	205	95	110	0	0	0
Poland	85	40	40	0	0	0
Portugal	15	10	10	0	0	0
Romania	35	15	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	160	80	75	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	405	200	210	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,460	715	740	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	190	95	95	0	0	0
Africa	1,000	580	425	10	0	10
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	190	120	70	0	0	0
Kenya	20	15	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	145	80	65	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	180	85	90	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	435	255	180	0	0	0
Asia	4,960	2,405	2,560	10	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	15	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,410	700	705	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	15	10	0	0	0
India	890	500	395	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	130	60	70	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	120	65	55	0	0	0
Philippines	2,095	915	1,180	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	190	95	100	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,405	2,050	2,355	10	0	10
Americas	790	325	465	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	80	40	40	0	0	0
Cuba	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	15	10	0	0	0
Mexico	35	10	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	55	0	45	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	590	250	340	0	0	0
Europe	315	140	170	0	0	10
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germany	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	15	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	135	70	65	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	60	20	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	15	0	0	0
Africa	425	240	180	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	70	40	30	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	115	70	50	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	120	70	55	0	0	0
Asia	2,875	1,340	1,535	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	420	210	210	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	575	320	250	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	10	40	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Philippines	1,690	730	955	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	20	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	108,220	53,770	54,445	2,500	1,405	1,090
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	13,795	6,915	6,880	20	0	20
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	12,270	5,980	6,290	35	15	20
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	82,155	40,875	41,280	2,440	1,385	1,055
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10,675	5,350	5,330	20	0	20
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	8,840	4,485	4,355	0	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,195	2,430	765	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	5,645	2,055	3,590	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,450	625	820	20	0	20
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	380	240	135	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	108,215	53,770	54,445	2,500	1,400	1,095
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	12,750	6,070	6,680	130	100	30
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	12,555	5,975	6,575	125	100	30
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,255	3,370	3,885	55	40	15
Métis	5,260	2,590	2,670	70	55	15
Inuk (Inuit)	45	20	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	145	80	70	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	50	20	30	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	95,470	47,700	47,770	2,370	1,305	1,065
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	108,215	53,770	54,450	2,495	1,400	1,095
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,990	3,240	3,750	30	10	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,225	50,530	50,690	2,470	1,390	1,080
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	108,215	53,770	54,445	2,495	1,405	1,095
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,815	2,795	3,025	65	40	30
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,640	2,735	2,900	65	35	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,715	2,260	2,455	40	20	20
Métis single ancestry	910	475	445	25	15	10
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	175	55	125	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	175	60	120	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	7,325	3,510	3,815	115	60	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	6,865	3,340	3,520	115	60	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,850	1,330	1,525	90	45	45
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,975	1,995	1,985	25	15	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	460	170	290	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	450	165	280	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	95,075	47,465	47,605	2,310	1,300	1,005
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	108,215	53,770	54,445	2,495	1,400	1,095
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	10,885	5,600	5,285	20	0	15
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,550	870	685	0	0	0
Chinese	1,975	980	1,000	0	0	10
Black	1,250	720	530	0	0	0
Filipino	2,660	1,295	1,360	0	0	0
Latin American	2,460	1,225	1,235	10	0	0
Arab	125	65	60	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	200	100	105	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Korean	220	115	105	10	0	0
Japanese	50	30	25	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	55	75	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	235	135	100	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	97,330	48,170	49,160	2,475	1,405	1,075
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	108,215	53,770	54,445	2,495	1,400	1,095
North American Aboriginal origins	13,140	6,305	6,835	185	100	90
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,190	3,810	4,375	130	70	65
Inuit	60	30	30	0	0	0
Métis	5,525	2,690	2,840	55	35	20
Other North American origins	27,765	13,715	14,050	1,960	1,140	820
Acadian	30	20	10	20	10	15
American	755	340	415	0	10	0
Canadian	27,250	13,490	13,755	1,945	1,135	810
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	15	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	0	0	15	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	79,260	39,105	40,155	830	475	355
British Isles origins	55,860	27,315	28,545	220	115	105
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	10	0	0	0
English	35,275	17,295	17,975	15	0	0
Irish	20,795	9,615	11,180	155	75	80
Manx	45	10	35	0	0	0
Scottish	29,365	13,965	15,405	60	35	30
Welsh	2,255	1,095	1,160	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,520	745	780	0	0	0
French origins	10,390	4,865	5,530	670	380	285
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15	10	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,390	4,865	5,525	650	375	275
Western European origins (except French origins)	22,845	11,290	11,555	65	35	35
Austrian	1,035	535	505	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,455	1,700	1,755	0	0	0
Dutch	4,555	2,190	2,370	0	0	0
Flemish	145	75	65	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
German	15,510	7,660	7,850	60	30	25
Luxembourger	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss	410	210	200	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	7,300	3,455	3,840	0	0	0
Danish	1,075	545	540	0	0	0
Finnish	325	155	170	0	0	0
Icelandic	1,715	740	975	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,445	1,115	1,325	0	0	0
Swedish	2,320	1,175	1,145	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	240	110	130	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	21,160	10,500	10,660	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	300	170	130	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	150	65	85	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	730	295	430	0	0	0
Latvian	105	65	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	140	70	65	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	6,615	3,220	3,395	15	0	10
Romanian	480	205	275	0	0	0
Russian	3,065	1,500	1,565	0	0	0
Slovak	110	65	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	13,970	6,995	6,980	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Southern European origins	2,245	1,170	1,070	20	15	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	105	60	45	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	220	105	115	0	0	0
Italian	915	505	410	10	10	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	45	15	30	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	300	160	135	0	0	0
Serbian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	655	310	345	0	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	55	25	30	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	350	180	170	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jewish	125	80	45	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	195	85	110	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	330	165	165	15	0	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	55	20	35	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	15	10	0
Jamaican	155	65	85	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,640	1,305	1,330	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	95	35	55	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Chilean	40	15	25	0	0	0
Colombian	485	235	245	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	85	50	35	0	0	0
Honduran	415	195	220	0	0	0
Maya	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mexican	275	120	150	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	65	45	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	950	485	460	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	135	75	60	0	0	0
African origins	1,465	780	675	10	10	10
Central and West African origins	230	130	100	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	160	80	80	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	20	15	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	0	0	0	0
North African origins	90	45	45	10	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Libyan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sudanese	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	770	410	365	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	90	50	35	0	0	0
Ethiopian	275	175	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	115	60	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
South African	150	60	95	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	65	40	30	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	375	200	170	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	360	195	160	0	0	0
Asian origins	7,445	3,850	3,590	25	10	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	400	235	170	10	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	55	35	25	0	0	0
Armenian	90	60	30	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	65	30	30	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	15	15	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	65	25	40	15	10	0
Palestinian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Syrian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	10	0	0	0
Turk	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,615	890	725	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,380	765	615	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	140	65	75	0	0	0
Punjabi	55	30	25	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,430	2,710	2,725	0	0	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	2,325	1,175	1,150	10	0	0
Filipino	2,760	1,340	1,415	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Japanese	95	60	40	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	235	125	110	10	0	0
Laotian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	60	30	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	80	40	40	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	40	35	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	35	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	155	75	75	0	0	0
Australian	70	40	30	0	0	0
New Zealander	30	20	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	50	20	35	0	0	0
Fijian	15	0	20	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
Owner	32,570	...	...	650	...	...
Renter	12,385	...	...	420	...	...
Band housing	780	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
Condominium	2,850	...	...	95	...	...
Not condominium	42,890	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	45,740	...	...	1,065	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	3,880	...	...	70	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,205	...	...	305	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,260	...	...	440	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,170	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	45,740	...	...	1,065	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,060	...	...	310	...	...
5 rooms	7,410	...	...	175	...	...
6 rooms	7,185	...	...	145	...	...
7 rooms	6,705	...	...	145	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,380	...	...	290	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,035	...	...	1,070	...	...
More than 1 person per room	705	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
Suitable	43,975	...	...	1,065	...	...
Not suitable	1,765	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	45,740	...	...	1,065	...	...
1960 or before	13,765	...	...	55	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,745	...	...	895	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,360	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,125	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,955	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,600	...	...	25	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,200	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	42,335	...	...	995	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,405	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
1 household maintainer	28,425	...	...	880	...	...
2 household maintainers	16,600	...	...	190	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	45,740	...	...	1,070	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,365	...	...	40	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,350	...	...	240	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,720	...	...	280	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,465	...	...	275	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,670	...	...	225	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,440	...	...	0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,930	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	1,810	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	41,880	...	...	1,070	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,260	...	...	1,055	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,620	...	...	15	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,890	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,710	...	...	650	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.0	...	...	73.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	792	...	...	667	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	953	...	...	787	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	229,982	...	...	50,088	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	249,789	...	...	83,971	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,235	...	...	425	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.0	...	...	8.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	751	...	...	375	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	788	...	...	441	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	87,400	43,030	44,370	1,965	1,110	855
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,140	10,670	8,475	225	105	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	27,265	13,985	13,280	390	165	220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,995	18,385	22,610	1,345	830	510
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,245	5,720	2,520	715	515	195
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,880	2,180	1,700	590	425	165
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,365	3,540	825	120	95	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,540	6,510	11,035	440	265	175
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,705	1,125	1,575	50	15	35
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,505	5,025	7,480	140	35	100
Bachelor's degree	9,235	3,480	5,755	110	25	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	345	665	0	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415	285	130	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,465	660	805	20	0	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	380	255	125	0	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	56,410	28,025	28,385	1,675	955	715
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,905	4,860	3,040	115	45	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,605	9,370	8,235	315	135	180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,900	13,790	17,110	1,250	775	470
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,725	4,030	1,695	655	475	180
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,625	1,460	1,165	545	390	155
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,095	2,570	525	110	80	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,405	5,090	8,315	410	250	155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,785	805	975	45	15	35
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,995	3,870	6,125	135	35	100
Bachelor's degree	7,475	2,790	4,685	105	25	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	740	245	495	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	200	130	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,180	470	710	20	0	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	270	165	105	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,965	1,110	855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	46,405	24,650	21,760	615	275	345
Education	4,515	1,125	3,385	45	0	45
13. Education	4,510	1,120	3,390	45	0	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	350	430	15	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	125	40	0	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	615	225	385	10	0	10
Humanities	1,520	670	850	15	15	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	20	40	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	140	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	125	320	0	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	380	235	145	0	10	0
54. History	280	165	120	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	30	0	30	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,755	715	2,045	65	10	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	60	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	50	75	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	40	865	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	375	95	285	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	25	40	0	0	0
42. Psychology	505	115	390	20	0	15
45. Social sciences	710	375	335	15	10	15
Business, management and public administration	6,920	1,970	4,950	200	40	160
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	135	445	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,335	1,835	4,505	200	45	155
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	515	475	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	190	200	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	105	100	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	0	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	275	190	90	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	20	75	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	450	300	15	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	555	380	175	20	20	0
25. Library science	70	0	65	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	55	55	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,460	7,975	490	690	650	45
04. Architecture and related services	130	60	75	10	0	10
14. Engineering	615	505	115	20	15	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,280	1,150	130	135	120	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,350	2,295	50	80	75	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,190	3,105	80	275	265	15
48. Precision production	895	860	35	170	175	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,530	1,890	645	30	25	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,220	1,705	515	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	185	130	15	15	0
Health and related fields	8,725	1,310	7,410	95	15	85
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	330	155	180	0	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	8,305	1,090	7,220	95	15	80
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	65	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,040	1,415	1,620	155	55	95
12. Personal and culinary services	1,930	430	1,495	80	10	70
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	595	495	90	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	445	20	60	50	15
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	56,415	28,030	28,380	1,675	960	715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	25,510	14,235	11,275	430	180	245
Education	2,875	755	2,120	40	10	35
13. Education	2,875	755	2,120	40	10	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	255	310	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	440	170	270	10	0	10
Humanities	1,080	470	610	15	15	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	20	30	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	150	45	105	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	90	240	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	150	100	0	0	0
54. History	200	120	80	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	15	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,345	610	1,730	60	10	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	40	60	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	35	765	10	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	325	85	245	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	30	35	0	0	0
42. Psychology	385	90	295	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	610	335	280	20	10	15
Business, management and public administration	5,505	1,600	3,905	200	40	155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	85	370	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,045	1,515	3,530	195	45	150
Physical and life sciences and technologies	735	380	355	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	145	175	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	70	55	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	215	135	80	0	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	665	405	255	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	505	350	155	15	20	0
25. Library science	60	10	55	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	40	45	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,225	5,825	400	635	600	35
04. Architecture and related services	115	55	60	0	0	0
14. Engineering	505	415	95	20	15	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	945	840	110	125	115	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,720	1,675	40	75	65	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,320	2,240	80	255	240	15
48. Precision production	625	600	20	160	160	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,945	1,375	570	30	20	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,650	1,210	440	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	165	130	20	15	0
Health and related fields	6,630	990	5,640	95	15	80
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	265	130	135	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,300	825	5,480	95	15	85
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	40	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,320	1,120	1,205	135	50	80
12. Personal and culinary services	1,440	340	1,105	65	10	60
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	470	395	75	0	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	345	20	60	45	15
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	87,395	43,035	44,365	1,965	1,110	855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,405	24,650	21,755	620	275	345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,995	18,385	22,610	1,345	830	515
Location of study inside Canada	36,200	15,930	20,270	1,340	830	510
Same as province or territory of residence	30,415	13,005	17,405	1,315	825	490
Different than province or territory of residence	5,780	2,920	2,860	20	10	20
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,795	2,455	2,340	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	880	450	430	0	0	0
Philippines	1,075	505	575	0	0	0
India	515	260	255	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	480	255	225	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	250	140	110	0	0	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other	1,590	850	735	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	56,410	28,030	28,380	1,675	955	720
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,510	14,235	11,275	430	180	245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,905	13,790	17,110	1,250	775	475
Location of study inside Canada	26,765	11,680	15,085	1,240	780	470
Same as province or territory of residence	22,355	9,475	12,880	1,220	770	450
Different than province or territory of residence	4,410	2,205	2,205	20	0	15
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,140	2,110	2,020	0	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	640	310	325	0	0	0
Philippines	1,025	490	535	0	0	0
India	480	235	245	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	320	175	150	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	230	130	100	0	0	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other	1,435	770	665	0	0	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,965	1,105	855
In the labour force	60,355	31,865	28,495	1,595	985	615
Employed	56,525	29,800	26,730	1,510	940	565
Unemployed	3,835	2,070	1,770	90	45	50
Not in the labour force	27,045	11,170	15,870	365	125	245
Participation rate	69.1	74.1	64.2	81.2	89.1	71.9
Employment rate	64.7	69.3	60.3	76.8	85.1	66.1
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.5	6.2	5.6	4.6	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,965	1,105	855
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	23,950	9,725	14,220	215	35	175
Worked	63,450	33,305	30,145	1,750	1,070	680
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	33,065	19,685	13,380	905	625	280
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	30,380	13,620	16,765	845	445	400
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.9	42.0	42.7	44.1	40.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	60,360	31,865	28,495	1,595	980	615
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	350	495	10	0	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	59,515	31,510	28,005	1,585	980	605
Employee	51,250	26,090	25,155	1,540	960	575
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,265	5,420	2,845	50	20	30
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	60,360	31,860	28,495	1,595	980	615
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	355	495	10	10	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	59,515	31,510	28,000	1,580	975	605
0 Management occupations	7,855	5,395	2,455	85	30	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,235	1,690	5,540	150	45	105
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,990	1,490	500	125	100	25
3 Health occupations	5,030	730	4,290	55	0	50
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,360	2,475	4,885	135	15	115
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	260	535	25	0	25
6 Sales and service occupations	12,615	4,980	7,635	240	65	170
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,440	9,025	415	585	550	35
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,400	2,655	740	140	125	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,800	2,800	995	50	45	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	60,360	31,865	28,495	1,595	980	615
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	350	495	15	0	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	59,510	31,510	28,005	1,585	975	605
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,425	4,785	1,645	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,145	1,000	150	825	705	125
22 Utilities	535	435	100	10	10	0
23 Construction	4,245	3,760	480	25	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,135	3,705	1,435	105	90	10
41 Wholesale trade	1,955	1,505	445	30	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	6,650	3,180	3,470	105	30	75
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,180	1,810	365	35	15	15
51 Information and cultural industries	710	350	360	15	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,720	585	1,130	15	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	300	255	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,660	695	965	15	10	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,585	875	705	35	10	20
61 Educational services	4,415	1,230	3,190	65	10	60
62 Health care and social assistance	8,855	1,235	7,615	150	0	140
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,020	560	465	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,885	1,435	2,455	35	10	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,470	1,295	1,175	50	25	25
91 Public administration	4,350	2,765	1,590	70	30	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	56,525	29,795	26,730	1,505	935	570
Worked at home	6,460	3,950	2,510	50	15	35
Worked outside Canada	80	50	30	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,355	4,955	1,395	65	55	10
Worked at usual place	43,630	20,840	22,790	1,390	870	530
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	43,630	20,840	22,790	1,395	870	525
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,545	13,630	15,915	1,320	835	485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,375	4,620	4,750	35	15	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,100	2,190	1,910	30	15	15
Commute to a different province or territory	605	390	215	15	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	49,985	25,795	24,185	1,455	920	535
Car, truck, van - as a driver	41,020	21,775	19,235	800	480	320
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,210	1,430	1,785	40	25	15
Public transit	1,225	550	680	400	365	35
Walked	3,625	1,470	2,150	200	45	155
Bicycle	425	305	115	10	0	0
Other method	485	265	220	10	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	49,985	25,795	24,185	1,460	925	535
Less than 15 minutes	28,000	13,550	14,450	490	140	345
15 to 29 minutes	13,180	6,920	6,265	850	690	160
30 to 44 minutes	5,280	3,010	2,265	100	80	15
45 to 59 minutes	1,760	1,050	705	10	0	0
60 minutes and over	1,765	1,265	495	10	10	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	49,985	25,800	24,185	1,460	925	535
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,625	1,920	705	40	30	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,980	4,860	3,120	270	210	65
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,575	9,325	6,250	855	620	235
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,160	4,445	7,715	135	15	120
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,010	1,530	2,480	40	10	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,630	3,720	3,910	120	45	75
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	65,195	34,055	31,140	1,775	1,080	695
Single responses	64,710	33,780	30,930	1,765	1,075	690
Official languages	64,360	33,615	30,745	1,770	1,075	695
English	64,210	33,590	30,620	25	15	10
French	150	25	125	1,740	1,060	680
Non-official languages	350	165	185	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	340	165	175	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	85	95	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	10	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	130	55	70	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages	115	65	55	0	0	0
Cantonese	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	35	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	485	270	210	10	10	0
English and French	115	60	50	10	10	10
English and non-official language	370	210	160	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	65,195	34,050	31,145	1,775	1,080	695
None	62,830	32,740	30,085	1,505	945	560
English	255	75	180	260	125	130
French	565	355	210	15	10	10
Non-official language	1,515	860	650	0	0	0
Aboriginal	150	65	80	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,365	795	575	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	20	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	106,750	52,940	53,815	2,455	1,385	1,070
Non-movers	92,445	46,020	46,430	2,140	1,230	915
Movers	14,305	6,920	7,385	310	155	155
Non-migrants	8,035	4,040	3,990	215	110	105
Migrants	6,275	2,875	3,395	95	45	50
Internal migrants	5,330	2,465	2,865	100	45	50
Intraprovincial migrants	3,965	1,805	2,160	100	45	50
Interprovincial migrants	1,365	655	710	0	0	0
External migrants	940	415	525	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	101,090	49,990	51,095	2,315	1,310	1,005
Non-movers	61,345	30,500	30,845	1,180	685	495
Movers	39,745	19,495	20,250	1,130	620	515
Non-migrants	19,090	9,615	9,470	580	325	260
Migrants	20,655	9,880	10,780	550	300	250
Internal migrants	16,290	7,780	8,505	550	305	245
Intraprovincial migrants	12,070	5,530	6,540	525	285	240
Interprovincial migrants	4,220	2,250	1,970	25	15	0
External migrants	4,370	2,100	2,275	10	0	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Fermont, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Fermont, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Fermont, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Fermont, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec