Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Winnipeg Manitoba [Economic region]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Map : Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	708,823	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	666,832	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	295,343	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	282,116	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,240.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	571.60	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	708,825	346,405	362,415	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	119,360	61,300	58,060	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	39,340	20,325	19,015	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	40,415	20,550	19,870	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	39,605	20,425	19,180	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	478,695	237,685	241,010	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	43,385	22,460	20,930	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	50,860	25,990	24,870	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	52,410	26,270	26,140	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	51,320	25,400	25,925	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	48,180	23,590	24,600	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	45,990	22,710	23,285	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	45,530	22,375	23,150	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	50,450	24,905	25,550	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	48,275	23,770	24,500	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	42,295	20,225	22,075	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	110,765	47,425	63,345	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	35,695	16,635	19,060	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	24,845	11,390	13,460	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	18,295	7,905	10,395	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	14,660	5,990	8,665	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	17,270	5,500	11,770	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	10,270	3,645	6,625	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	5,325	1,515	3,805	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	1,435	300	1,135	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	245	30	210	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.7	16.0	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.6	66.5	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	15.6	13.7	17.5	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.2	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	39.9	38.6	41.1	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	38.8	37.4	40.1	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	282,115	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	167,990	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,735	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	76,765	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,585	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	10,055	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,095	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	50,695	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	325	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	630	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	282,115	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	84,710	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	90,445	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	42,775	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	38,580	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	25,610	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	693,030	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	589,465	285,105	304,360	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	319,770	159,895	159,875	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	270,525	135,280	135,245	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	49,245	24,615	24,630	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	269,695	125,210	144,485	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	183,865	97,845	86,020	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	15,265	6,520	8,740	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	35,920	13,835	22,085	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	34,650	7,010	27,635	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	190,360	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	92,580	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	42,445	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	37,910	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	17,425	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	190,360	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	155,195	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	130,575	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	24,615	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	35,170	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	28,020	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	7,150	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	155,190	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	71,190	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	84,000	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	32,900	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	35,070	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	16,035	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	35,170	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	21,390	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	9,545	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	4,230	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	135,090	64,780	70,310	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	282,115	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	177,610	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	67,100	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	110,505	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	6,180	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	98,320	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	84,710	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,615	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	699,295	342,465	356,825	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	616,790	305,830	310,960	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	980	440	540	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	70,490	31,460	39,025	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	11,040	4,735	6,300	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	699,295	342,465	356,825	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	663,455	326,205	337,250	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	22,225	10,265	11,960	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	2,875	1,420	1,450	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	10,740	4,580	6,165	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,660	10,975	12,685	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.4	3.2	3.6	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	699,295	342,465	356,830	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	676,590	331,480	345,110	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	497,010	245,450	251,560	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	474,545	235,105	239,440	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	22,465	10,350	12,120	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	179,580	86,025	93,555	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	3,585	1,395	2,190	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	3,425	1,335	2,085	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,120	420	700	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	0	5	0
Moose Cree	5	0	5	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	50	15	35
Plains Cree	45	15	25	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	325	125	200	50	20	35
Woods Cree	30	10	20	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	705	265	445	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,290	910	1,380	550	235	315
Algonquin	5	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	1,595	635	960	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	695	280	415	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	45	10	30	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	15	35	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	40	10	25	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	25	10	10	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	35	15	25	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	30	10	20	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	175,995	84,635	91,360	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,850	5,095	4,755	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	35	25	15	340	190	145
Kabyle	30	15	10	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	1,690	835	855	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	125	70	55	315	185	130
Oromo	335	165	165	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	1,225	595	625	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	8,065	4,200	3,865	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	1,520	745	775	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	4,280	2,275	2,005	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	145	80	65
Harari	0	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	520	300	220	960	505	460
Maltese	30	10	20	75	30	40
Tigrigna	1,700	860	840	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,985	1,875	2,110	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	265	125	140	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	3,720	1,750	1,970	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	48,225	22,375	25,850	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	155	70	90	425	205	225
Cebuano	930	420	505	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	10	5	5	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	360	155	205	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	1,265	590	680	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	10	25
Malay	150	60	85	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	595	290	305	765	370	390
Pangasinan	130	60	65	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	44,460	20,640	23,815	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	45	25	20	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	65	70	980	430	550
Creole languages	435	200	235	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	180	90	95	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	235	105	135	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	1,165	610	555	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	85	50	35	535	270	265
Malayalam	520	265	250	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	410	210	200	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	150	85	65	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	85,240	41,240	44,000	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	305	155	150	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	60	35	30	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	22,050	9,865	12,190	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	110	45	60	1,010	475	535
Latvian	50	20	30	415	195	220
Lithuanian	65	30	40	600	285	315
Slavic languages	21,940	9,815	12,125	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	35	15	20	65	30	30
Bosnian	555	280	275	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	125	60	65	1,545	790	755
Croatian	835	390	445	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	425	205	220	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	135	65	70	360	185	175
Polish	4,985	2,210	2,780	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	5,520	2,665	2,855	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	610	310	295	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	230	110	120	970	480	485
Slovak	300	120	180	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	95	125	695	320	370
Ukrainian	7,900	3,255	4,645	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	215	120	100
Celtic languages	50	30	20	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	10	135	70	65
Welsh	15	5	10	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	15,965	7,105	8,865	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	150	80	75	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	160	75	90	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	1,230	590	635	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	20	10	10	360	200	160
German	13,665	6,025	7,645	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	140	50	95	115	55	60
Norwegian	50	25	30	815	370	445
Swedish	95	40	55	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	40	60	320	150	170
Yiddish	340	165	175	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	55	30	25
Greek	1,155	585	570	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	29,340	15,490	13,850	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	26,700	14,160	12,540	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	1,095	630	465	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	2,060	1,080	980	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	2,065	1,100	970	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	5	5	0	105	60	50
Konkani	25	15	10	370	190	185
Marathi	100	65	40	1,510	775	730
Nepali	710	350	360	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,200	9,045	8,155	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	50	30	25	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	620	320	300	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	2,740	1,510	1,230	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	2,545	1,275	1,270	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	390	205	190	1,550	845	705
Pashto	245	105	135	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	1,910	965	945	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	16,315	7,980	8,335	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	0	0	5	75	30	45
Italian	3,380	1,655	1,725	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	5,690	2,740	2,950	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	530	255	275	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	6,705	3,320	3,380	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	35	20	15
Japanese	485	165	320	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	15	5	10	230	130	105
Georgian	15	10	5	230	130	100
Korean	3,275	1,560	1,715	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	545	255	290
Mongolian	20	5	15	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	3,510	1,755	1,750	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	130	75	55	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	75	25	50	35	20	15
Edo	35	20	15	275	155	120
Ewe	25	20	10	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	30	30	230	120	100
Ga	15	10	5	145	80	65
Ganda	40	10	25	280	145	135
Igbo	270	150	125	1,165	625	540
Lingala	75	30	35	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	55	65	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	235	120	115	805	405	400
Shona	85	40	50	1,100	545	555
Swahili	820	395	420	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	75	50	25	280	165	110
Yoruba	875	445	430	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	575	280	295	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	380	205	175	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	170	85	80	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	95	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	315	170	140	830	440	390
American Sign Language	175	95	75	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	75	65	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,605	8,185	8,415	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	16,040	7,905	8,135	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	6,060	2,865	3,195	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	55	30	30	990	465	530
Mandarin	8,785	4,425	4,355	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	5	5	5	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	305	145	160	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	50	50	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	725	385	340	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	555	280	280	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	85	55	30	430	230	200
Karenic languages	420	205	210	795	415	380
Tibetan	5	5	5	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	1,010	480	530	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	805	410	395	1,020	485	535
Thai	205	75	130	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	300	165	140	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	30	15	10	365	215	155
Turkish	185	105	85	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	10	5	10	130	70	60
Uzbek	40	25	15	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	215	95	120
Uralic languages	1,060	470	595	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	30	10	15	190	90	105
Finnish	130	50	75	810	330	480
Hungarian	910	410	500	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	70	50	690	415	280
Multiple responses	22,705	10,990	11,715	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	2,780	1,355	1,435	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	18,970	9,140	9,825	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	570	310	260	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	385	190	200	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	699,295	342,465	356,830	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	650,050	318,740	331,310	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	558,485	273,940	284,545	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	549,040	269,740	279,305	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	9,445	4,200	5,245	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	91,570	44,805	46,760	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	925	395	530	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	900	390	515	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	255	105	150	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	5	5	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	20	25	5	0	5
Woods Cree	5	0	5	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	200	80	120	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	645	285	360	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	360	155	205	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	285	130	155	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	5	0	5	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,640	44,405	46,235	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,325	3,165	3,160	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	20	15	5	200	105	95
Kabyle	15	10	5	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	1,140	525	615	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	95	50	45	280	160	115
Oromo	205	95	115	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	830	375	455	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	10
Semitic languages	5,145	2,620	2,525	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	875	435	445	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	2,840	1,455	1,380	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	340	185	155	460	235	225
Maltese	5	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	1,080	540	535	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,785	1,315	1,475	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	55	70	960	460	500
Vietnamese	2,665	1,260	1,400	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	24,750	11,735	13,010	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	25	15	10	70	40	35
Cebuano	345	170	180	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	470	215	255
Ilocano	370	175	190	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	50	20	30	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	230	110	120	220	110	110
Pangasinan	30	15	15	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	23,545	11,160	12,385	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	280	120	155
Creole languages	200	80	115	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	45	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	35	65	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	580	285	295	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	40	20	20	210	105	105
Malayalam	255	125	135	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	205	100	105	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	75	40	35	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	38,460	19,170	19,285	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	150	75	75	1,060	570	485
Armenian	20	10	10	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	8,315	3,970	4,345	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	10	5	5	410	210	200
Latvian	10	0	5	165	85	80
Lithuanian	10	0	0	250	125	120
Slavic languages	8,300	3,965	4,335	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	5	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	280	140	140	785	400	385
Bulgarian	65	30	30	825	415	405
Croatian	275	115	155	1,800	905	895
Czech	95	45	50	875	440	430
Macedonian	75	35	45	175	90	85
Polish	1,660	735	920	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	3,610	1,795	1,815	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	325	165	160	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	315	160	155
Slovak	60	30	30	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	150	70	75
Ukrainian	1,705	805	895	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Celtic languages	5	5	0	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	1,635	730	900	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	50	30	25	1,705	835	875
Danish	5	5	0	150	75	75
Dutch	65	30	35	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	5	0	0	60	30	30
German	1,475	655	820	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	10	5	5	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Swedish	5	0	0	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	60	30	25
Yiddish	10	5	5	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	480	220	265	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	20,750	10,810	9,935	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	19,040	9,995	9,040	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	660	370	285	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	1,320	670	640	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	1,200	640	560	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	5	5	5	75	40	40
Marathi	30	15	15	845	440	405
Nepali	535	260	275	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,230	6,915	6,315	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	25	10	15	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	180	165	1,480	750	730
Urdu	1,695	930	770	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	1,665	790	875	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	260	125	130	850	440	410
Pashto	155	65	90	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	1,255	600	650	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	7,105	3,345	3,760	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	975	415	560	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	2,605	1,205	1,395	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	205	100	110	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	3,320	1,615	1,695	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	160	65	95	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	160	85	70
Georgian	10	0	5	160	85	70
Korean	2,540	1,235	1,305	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	5	5	5	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	1,280	635	650	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	45	25	15	845	415	430
Bamanankan	10	5	5	10	10	0
Edo	5	5	5	70	35	35
Ewe	5	0	0	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	5	5	0	95	50	50
Igbo	75	40	35	265	125	145
Lingala	40	20	20	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	30	30	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	55	50	350	175	170
Shona	10	5	10	410	190	225
Swahili	470	220	245	1,090	530	565
Wolof	25	20	10	170	95	75
Yoruba	285	150	140	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	40	70	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	1,525	765	755
Dinka	75	35	45	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	725	350	375
Sign languages	395	215	180	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	195	110	85	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	200	110	90	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,125	6,010	6,110	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	11,675	5,785	5,890	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	4,060	1,905	2,155	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	25	10	15	315	135	185
Mandarin	6,890	3,495	3,390	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	5	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	65	65	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	30	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	510	275	235	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	445	225	220	1,500	770	730
Burmese	50	30	25	280	145	130
Karenic languages	355	180	175	665	340	320
Tibetan	5	0	5	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	495	230	260	1,130	505	625
Lao	400	195	205	465	215	245
Thai	90	35	60	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	125	65	60	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	155	90	75
Turkish	60	30	30	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	35	20	15	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	70	35	25
Uralic languages	255	120	135	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Finnish	20	15	10	105	50	50
Hungarian	235	105	130	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	240	140	95
Multiple responses	49,240	23,725	25,515	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	2,060	955	1,105	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	46,055	22,230	23,825	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	350	175	180	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	780	370	410	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	699,295	342,470	356,830	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	591,950	291,550	300,400	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	45,780	22,360	23,420	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	11,900	5,200	6,700	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	47,675	22,380	25,295	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	2,330	915	1,415	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	45,345	21,465	23,880	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	250	125	125	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	1,170	595	580	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	555	250	310	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	15	5	5	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	574,035	278,705	295,325	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,285	264,625	281,660	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,020	40,278	30,725	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,385	264,640	281,745	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,008	34,966	27,713	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	494,760	244,420	250,340	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,300	28,414	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	403,655	175,570	228,090	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,348	1,404	4,637	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	414,345	211,440	202,905	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,835	39,634	30,536	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	574,035	278,700	295,335	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,275	264,665	281,615	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,051	52,354	38,188	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,405	264,680	281,725	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,821	41,875	32,073	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	494,940	244,595	250,345	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,246	52,340	36,338	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	403,870	175,485	228,385	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,005	7,258	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,350	211,270	203,080	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,992	50,877	36,830	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	574,035	278,700	295,335	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	201,050	111,895	89,155	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,999	55,517	46,191	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,316	67,739	53,255	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.4	84.5	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.1	77.6	69.6	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.6	15.5	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	574,035	278,710	295,330	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	27,750	14,080	13,670	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	546,290	264,625	281,660	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	95.2	94.9	95.4	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	76,445	35,005	41,440	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	83,025	32,825	50,200	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	77,375	31,270	46,105	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	71,845	32,265	39,580	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	63,755	30,440	33,315	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	47,920	25,975	21,940	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	34,425	19,920	14,505	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	25,200	14,855	10,345	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	19,895	11,410	8,485	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	12,685	7,450	5,240	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	33,715	23,220	10,495	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	23,350	15,625	7,730	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	10,365	7,595	2,765	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	574,035	278,705	295,325	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	27,650	14,065	13,580	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	546,385	264,640	281,750	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.0	95.4	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	78,880	35,505	43,375	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	89,820	35,815	54,005	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	95,030	39,815	55,220	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	89,725	41,780	47,950	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	68,350	35,980	32,365	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	45,750	26,500	19,250	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	30,955	17,885	13,070	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	18,140	10,790	7,350	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	29,735	20,565	9,170	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	10,175	6,640	3,530	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	3,990	1,830	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	13,745	9,930	3,810	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	574,035	278,705	295,330	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	159,690	67,270	92,420	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	414,345	211,440	202,905	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	72.2	75.9	68.7	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,545	21,855	24,685	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	29,760	13,025	16,730	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	53,735	23,860	29,875	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	51,935	23,430	28,500	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	51,965	24,425	27,535	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	45,985	22,680	23,305	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	35,610	20,125	15,485	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	25,960	15,360	10,595	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	19,990	11,995	8,005	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	52,865	34,675	18,190	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	16,680	9,560	7,115	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	10,175	6,265	3,910	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	26,015	18,855	7,165	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	282,115	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,552	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,102	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	84,710	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,406	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,632	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	197,405	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,645	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,189	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	282,120	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,235	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,315	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	84,710	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,563	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,409	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	197,405	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,118	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,865	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	282,115	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	5,605	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,160	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,850	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,975	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,650	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,570	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,425	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,460	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,310	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	23,380	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	22,035	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,845	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,185	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,565	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	84,340	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30,180	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	19,930	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20,115	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,115	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	282,115	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	5,845	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,235	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,085	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,440	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,830	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,835	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,770	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,540	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,065	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,715	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,080	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,395	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,115	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,425	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,260	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	57,480	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	26,655	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	14,460	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,360	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	188,390	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,928	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,327	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	65,440	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,833	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,538	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	84,055	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,232	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,525	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	32,090	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,572	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,791	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	188,380	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,053	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,433	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	65,405	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,865	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,262	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	84,225	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,309	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,952	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	31,975	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,475	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,761	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	113,040	54,940	58,100	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,484	35,016	32,255	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,809	30,706	29,087	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	112,795	54,765	58,030	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,070	42,848	39,391	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,019	34,888	33,198	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	693,025	339,810	353,220	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	369,100	176,480	192,620	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	78,425	38,440	39,985	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	68,475	30,950	37,530	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	72,510	34,180	38,330	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	74,430	36,100	38,330	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	75,260	36,820	38,440	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	323,930	163,330	160,600	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	73,995	36,795	37,200	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	71,890	36,045	35,840	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	67,880	34,170	33,715	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	61,300	31,200	30,095	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	48,865	25,120	23,750	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	693,030	339,810	353,220	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	144,135	74,180	69,955	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	47,120	24,260	22,860	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	448,635	221,440	227,200	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	100,255	44,195	56,065	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	109,680	51,700	57,985	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	33,035	16,990	16,040	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	12,015	6,215	5,800	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	64,545	30,520	34,020	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	12,110	4,185	7,920	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	15.2	16.4	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	22.9	22.9	22.9	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	25.5	25.6	25.4	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.5	14.1	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	92,005	44,340	47,665	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	25,915	13,280	12,635	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	9,575	4,925	4,650	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	58,350	28,365	29,985	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	7,740	2,690	5,050	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.3	13.0	13.5	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.9	18.1	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.8	13.2	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.1	9.0	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	693,030	339,810	353,220	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	682,035	334,995	347,040	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	681,155	334,595	346,560	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	70,545	31,475	39,070	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	221,185	106,000	115,180	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,230	3,415	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	5,400	2,135	3,270	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	10	0	10	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,875	740	1,135	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	10	30	90	20	70
Plains Cree	105	50	55	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	500	220	280	45	25	25
Woods Cree	50	25	30	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	1,175	435	740	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,690	1,460	2,230	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	2,580	1,035	1,545	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	1,100	425	675	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	75	15	60	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	10	65	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	75	15	60	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	50	25	30	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	35	10	30	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	65	30	30	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	10	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	10	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	35	20	15	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	35	15	15	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,610	103,810	111,800	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,575	7,640	6,935	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	75	35	35	540	335	205
Kabyle	50	20	25	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	2,220	1,145	1,075	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	145	80	65	370	235	135
Oromo	530	270	260	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	1,530	785	750	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	55	20	40
Semitic languages	12,610	6,655	5,955	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	2,185	1,180	1,005	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	6,085	3,275	2,810	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	0	10	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	3,215	1,645	1,565	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	45	20	25	145	85	55
Tigrigna	2,125	1,110	1,015	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	125	60	65	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,955	2,410	2,550	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	320	180	145	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	4,645	2,240	2,405	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	59,420	27,385	32,035	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	210	95	110	330	150	180
Cebuano	1,200	590	605	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	10	0	10	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	395	165	235	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	1,785	850	930	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	310	160	155	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	910	405	505	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	205	100	110	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	58,520	26,925	31,595	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	100	50	50	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	140	55	80	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	965	440	525	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	410	210	205	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	245	315	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	1,290	610	680	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	155	90	70	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	480	185	290	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	570	275	295	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	175	95	80	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	104,250	50,680	53,570	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	375	195	180	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	65	50	15	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	24,745	11,465	13,285	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	165	80	85	1,360	660	705
Latvian	65	30	35	590	300	290
Lithuanian	100	50	50	775	360	415
Slavic languages	24,615	11,405	13,215	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	50	25	35	200	95	105
Bosnian	805	400	410	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	135	80	55	1,795	945	850
Croatian	1,335	620	710	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	535	235	295	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	125	70	55	535	270	265
Polish	5,990	2,770	3,215	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	7,660	3,770	3,895	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	810	435	375	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	180	65	110	1,095	550	540
Slovak	375	160	220	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	255	95	160	735	360	375
Ukrainian	9,585	4,160	5,430	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	250	120	130
Celtic languages	95	60	35	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	65	45	15	440	215	225
Welsh	10	0	10	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	450	220	225
Germanic languages	19,185	8,745	10,435	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	270	125	150	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	160	60	100	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	1,400	685	720	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	35	20	15	475	275	205
German	16,420	7,550	8,870	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	200	60	145	160	70	95
Norwegian	155	55	95	1,450	635	810
Swedish	175	55	115	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	35	60	380	170	215
Yiddish	545	230	310	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	1,835	940	895	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	35,070	18,495	16,575	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	32,370	17,135	15,230	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	1,440	840	595	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	2,740	1,440	1,305	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	11,235	6,005	5,230	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	15	15	0	125	80	45
Konkani	35	25	10	625	300	320
Marathi	220	130	95	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	600	285	320	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	21,585	11,330	10,255	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	140	80	55	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	870	465	405	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	4,185	2,360	1,825	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	2,800	1,390	1,410	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	570	280	290	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	265	120	150	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	2,115	1,075	1,035	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	110	90	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	25,275	11,885	13,385	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	15	10	10	170	95	80
Italian	4,720	2,270	2,450	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	7,190	3,445	3,745	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	665	345	325	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	13,430	6,180	7,245	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	40	10	250	130	125
Japanese	1,020	475	545	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	225	130	100
Georgian	15	0	10	230	130	100
Korean	3,710	1,815	1,890	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	50	20	30	800	375	430
Mongolian	50	20	30	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	7,255	3,695	3,565	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	205	125	80	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	145	85	60	60	30	30
Edo	90	60	30	620	325	290
Ewe	45	25	25	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	300	165	135
Ga	15	10	10	345	190	155
Ganda	175	80	100	610	305	305
Igbo	625	310	310	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	640	305	340	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	195	95	100	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	150	155	1,155	605	550
Shona	195	80	115	1,810	850	960
Swahili	1,825	965	860	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	155	85	65	600	365	235
Yoruba	2,365	1,180	1,185	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,235	630	605	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	180	105	80	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	1,910	730	1,180	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	1,270	495	775	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	650	240	410	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,775	9,315	9,465	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	18,120	9,010	9,110	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	7,710	3,625	4,085	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	45	25	20	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	11,220	5,655	5,560	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	440	205	235	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	145	80	60	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	810	440	365	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	665	305	365	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	180	115	65	605	305	295
Karenic languages	460	200	260	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	135	60	80	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	1,400	645	750	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	1,035	480	560	1,520	730	795
Thai	485	220	260	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	415	215	205	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	50	30	30	630	325	300
Turkish	295	150	140	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	30	15	15	290	135	155
Uzbek	15	10	10	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	355	170	180
Uralic languages	1,185	555	630	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	45	20	25	185	85	105
Finnish	130	50	85	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	1,010	485	525	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	370	245	130	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	693,030	339,810	353,220	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	612,425	299,255	313,165	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	128,140	65,740	62,400	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	484,285	233,520	250,765	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	80,605	40,550	40,055	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	693,030	339,810	353,220	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	503,435	247,005	256,430	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	176,305	85,500	90,805	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	37,755	17,340	20,420	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	16,180	8,200	7,980	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	17,885	8,560	9,320	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	52,455	25,845	26,620	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	15,950	7,785	8,160	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	36,510	18,055	18,450	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	52,030	25,565	26,465	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	13,290	7,305	5,980	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	176,305	85,500	90,805	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	17,845	8,980	8,860	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	32,930	16,795	16,135	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	34,785	16,080	18,710	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	76,010	36,515	39,495	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	14,730	7,130	7,605	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	176,305	85,500	90,805	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	16,205	7,660	8,550	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	385	155	230	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	535	245	290	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	1,490	795	695	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	1,065	480	580	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	75	40	30	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	1,570	725	845	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	730	370	360	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	190	85	110	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	1,385	715	670	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,110	1,885	2,225	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	4,670	2,165	2,510	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	36,555	17,560	18,995	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	510	505	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	855	370	485	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	470	245	225	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	3,995	1,885	2,110	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	770	420	355	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	680	355	325	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	400	185	215	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	2,470	1,270	1,205	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	1,020	540	480	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	4,240	1,950	2,290	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	3,805	1,880	1,925	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	625	305	320	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	1,970	905	1,065	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	325	170	155	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	3,615	1,690	1,925	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,890	3,275	3,615	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	3,405	1,600	1,805	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	15,935	8,310	7,625	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	105	50	50	1,340	715	625
Egypt	895	485	410	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	2,210	1,170	1,040	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	895	440	455	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	220	115	105	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	3,490	1,885	1,610	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	750	345	405	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	530	235	290	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	3,590	3,260	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	107,155	51,760	55,390	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	610	285	330	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	845	460	385	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,565	3,640	3,930	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,375	660	715	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	19,435	10,020	9,415	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,035	570	470	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	835	450	390	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	185	50	130	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,580	1,265	1,315	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	220	140	75	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	2,840	1,535	1,305	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	56,935	26,495	30,440	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	965	480	485	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	695	320	370	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	190	95	90	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	4,055	1,950	2,105	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	6,795	3,350	3,450	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	455	210	245	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	52,030	25,565	26,465	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	1,940	880	1,060	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	95	35	55	860	370	490
Colombia	75	25	55	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	55	15	40	465	215	255
Haiti	15	10	10	385	240	150
Jamaica	245	130	115	1,660	765	895
Mexico	240	125	115	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	605	295	305	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	40	15	30	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	570	230	340	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	3,320	1,680	1,640	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	85	35	45	425	240	180
Germany	100	45	50	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	95	60	40	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	130	70	55	715	365	350
Romania	65	35	30	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	730	330	395	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	965	470	495	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	305	175	135	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	855	455	400	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	7,105	3,680	3,420	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	20	10	10	255	115	135
Cameroon	50	30	20	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	730	355	375	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	420	210	210
Egypt	380	205	180	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	740	400	345	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	720	380	340	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	60	30	30	515	265	250
Nigeria	2,405	1,285	1,115	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	380	165	220	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	95	30	60	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	50	45	10	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	710	655	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	39,540	19,250	20,290	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	60	35	25	810	435	375
Bangladesh	335	180	150	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,890	1,385	1,505	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	150	80	70	750	305	450
India	9,480	4,910	4,575	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	405	220	185	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	315	170	145	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	585	335	255	480	250	230
Japan	50	20	25	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,160	605	555	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	115	80	40	1,470	755	710
Nepal	205	65	140	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	1,415	745	670	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	19,615	9,115	10,495	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	310	140	170	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	225	125	100	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	535	260	275	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	15	10	0	505	165	340
Turkey	40	30	10	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	810	430	375
Viet Nam	480	220	265	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	480	565	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	130	70	55	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	65	25	45	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	60	50	10	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	693,030	339,810	353,220	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	192,720	94,305	98,415	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	128,340	63,165	65,170	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	371,970	182,335	189,635	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	141,220	69,465	71,760	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	91,515	45,935	45,580	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	35,515	20,655	14,860	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	56,000	25,280	30,715	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30,680	13,375	17,305	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	18,645	10,015	8,630	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	380	145	240	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	693,025	339,810	353,220	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	84,495	39,960	44,530	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	82,940	39,150	43,795	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	36,860	16,940	19,925	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	45,800	22,085	23,715	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	275	125	150	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,195	655	540	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	360	155	205	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	608,540	299,850	308,690	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	693,030	339,810	353,220	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,045	16,020	19,025	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	657,985	323,790	334,195	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	693,025	339,810	353,215	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	28,495	13,205	15,295	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	27,410	12,690	14,720	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	19,315	8,885	10,430	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	8,040	3,785	4,255	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	60	20	35	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,085	510	575	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,050	495	555	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	57,830	27,700	30,130	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	54,400	26,085	28,310	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,345	9,245	10,100	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,830	16,735	18,095	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	105	115	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	3,430	1,610	1,820	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,280	1,540	1,745	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	35	30	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	35	40	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	606,705	298,910	307,795	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	693,025	339,810	353,220	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	193,110	96,060	97,045	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	37,570	19,765	17,810	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	19,675	9,925	9,755	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	26,900	13,870	13,025	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	73,360	34,860	38,500	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	6,725	3,260	3,465	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	4,560	2,425	2,135	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	7,875	3,795	4,085	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,450	1,275	1,175	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	3,780	1,875	1,900	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	1,565	720	850	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,755	1,380	1,380	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	5,880	2,910	2,965	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	499,920	243,745	256,175	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	693,030	339,810	353,220	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	86,325	40,900	45,425	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,095	20,215	22,875	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	465	220	245	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	47,295	22,595	24,700	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	118,145	58,245	59,900	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	415	195	220	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	5,265	2,610	2,660	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	113,855	56,080	57,775	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	130	80	55	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	20	20	10	190	115	70
Ontarian	15	15	0	110	65	45
Québécois	230	125	105	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	415	210	205
European origins	444,215	215,910	228,310	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	230,910	112,650	118,265	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	45	15	30	225	115	115
Cornish	65	40	25	210	90	115
English	131,505	63,550	67,955	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	87,960	42,005	45,950	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	115	80	35	945	450	495
Scottish	113,310	55,085	58,225	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	10,955	5,245	5,710	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	13,325	6,215	7,110	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	83,695	40,380	43,315	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	20	10	10	200	120	80
Breton	65	15	45	60	25	35
Corsican	0	0	0	125	65	70
French	83,655	40,360	43,295	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	138,055	66,755	71,300	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	7,415	3,535	3,880	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	10	0	0	110	60	55
Belgian	9,755	4,670	5,085	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	25,380	12,410	12,975	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	525	200	325	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	85	50	30	685	380	305
German	106,380	51,485	54,900	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	80	35	45	680	355	320
Swiss	2,755	1,300	1,455	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	55	70	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	43,055	20,300	22,755	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	4,340	2,075	2,260	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	2,435	1,120	1,310	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	16,175	7,795	8,385	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	10,225	4,685	5,545	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	12,350	5,745	6,605	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,555	755	800	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	156,935	75,665	81,265	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	270	155	120	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	605	290	310	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	2,660	1,225	1,430	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,215	590	625	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	165	70	95	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	6,495	3,240	3,260	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	820	380	445	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	970	465	510	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	245	130	120	1,585	790	790
Polish	52,190	24,910	27,280	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	3,810	1,865	1,940	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	25,780	12,320	13,460	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	1,370	610	760	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	100,005	48,345	51,665	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	710	315	390	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	47,695	23,350	24,350	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	395	215	175	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	955	465	485	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	15	0	15	85	55	25
Croatian	2,205	1,040	1,165	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	30	20	10	160	90	70
Greek	3,370	1,710	1,655	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	17,745	8,925	8,820	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	35	20	20	420	210	210
Macedonian	215	110	105	1,015	485	535
Maltese	230	110	120	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	35	10	30	290	185	105
Portuguese	11,770	5,815	5,950	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	1,055	560	490	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	200	85	120	330	160	170
Slovenian	890	430	460	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	10,415	4,660	5,755	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	755	410	345	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	70	40	30	245	120	125
Other European origins	8,825	4,435	4,390	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	100	65	35	425	210	215
Jewish	7,310	3,640	3,665	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	100	55	45	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	125	65	60	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,255	640	620	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	8,990	4,485	4,505	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	60	20	40	455	265	190
Bahamian	55	30	25	310	180	130
Barbadian	645	330	315	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	35	25	15	210	120	90
Carib	70	30	40	135	45	85
Cuban	240	110	125	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	245	130	115	930	530	395
Grenadian	145	80	70	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	130	50	85	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	3,765	1,865	1,900	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	10	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	60	20	40	460	225	240
St. Lucian	30	20	15	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,005	1,055	945	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	160	75	85	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,275	595	680	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	575	305	270	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,000	5,375	5,625	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	485	265	220	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	10	10	10	105	30	70
Argentinian	445	215	230	1,385	705	680
Belizean	20	15	10	445	250	190
Bolivian	50	10	40	590	305	285
Brazilian	690	305	380	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	1,260	590	670	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	810	385	425	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	55	30	30	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	80	50	30	890	405	485
Guatemalan	450	205	245	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	1,305	660	650	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	300	130	170	1,785	905	885
Honduran	70	40	30	760	405	355
Maya	135	90	45	580	310	275
Mexican	1,720	810	910	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	295	150	145	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	40	10	30	320	150	170
Paraguayan	485	275	210	340	155	190
Peruvian	265	100	165	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	1,675	885	785	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	35	10	25	315	180	135
Venezuelan	180	70	115	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	735	370	365	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	25,385	13,130	12,250	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	8,045	4,220	3,830	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	30	0	25	130	80	50
Angolan	15	10	0	295	155	140
Ashanti	20	10	10	130	70	55
Beninese	50	45	10	200	90	105
Burkinabe	20	10	0	100	50	50
Cameroonian	145	80	70	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	10	10	0	75	55	20
Congolese	1,545	770	775	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	125	85	40	555	320	235
Ewe	15	10	10	125	70	55
Gabonese	25	25	10	25	10	20
Gambian	10	10	10	110	60	50
Ghanaian	350	195	160	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	65	20	40	455	235	215
Ibo	415	200	220	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	120	45	75	655	355	295
Liberian	50	20	35	1,040	495	540
Malian	140	85	55	70	45	25
Malinké	30	25	0	95	55	45
Nigerian	3,450	1,880	1,565	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	30	10	10	105	70	35
Senegalese	115	70	45	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	310	150	165	740	395	345
Togolese	115	60	55	150	70	80
Wolof	20	10	10	70	45	25
Yoruba	995	510	490	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	490	225	265	1,865	985	875
North African origins	3,235	1,720	1,520	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	95	35	55	1,620	805	815
Berber	130	80	50	685	415	270
Coptic	75	40	30	225	115	110
Dinka	35	20	10	565	320	250
Egyptian	1,160	610	550	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	305	145	160	1,300	665	635
Maure	75	45	25	95	70	25
Moroccan	300	150	150	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	1,030	545	480	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	85	55	25	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	65	30	30	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	9,195	4,755	4,435	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	30	25	10	315	155	160
Amhara	110	80	35	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	145	85	65	700	395	310
Burundian	215	100	115	975	555	420
Djiboutian	40	25	15	170	90	75
Eritrean	2,175	1,160	1,015	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	2,520	1,275	1,245	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	285	140	150	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	55	70
Mauritian	100	55	50	550	310	235
Oromo	315	185	130	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	295	140	150	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	35	10	25	35	25	10
Somali	1,715	895	820	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	380	175	210	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	85	50	30	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	320	195	120	700	380	320
Ugandan	170	85	90	1,155	645	510
Zambian	195	90	105	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	260	120	140	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	25	15	10	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	425	220	205	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	5,520	2,770	2,755	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	650	335	310	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	4,950	2,455	2,495	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	159,880	79,230	80,655	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,725	4,995	4,730	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	1,010	475	530	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,535	835	700	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	355	175	180	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	30	25	15	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	615	280	335
Georgian	100	55	50	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	1,570	835	735	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	915	475	440	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	715	370	345	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	210	90	120	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	45	25	25	565	260	310
Kurd	300	145	160	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	45	15	25	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	35	20	20	200	110	90
Lebanese	980	495	490	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	545	290	255	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	50	25	25	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	125	70	55	390	205	180
Syrian	905	445	460	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	45	20	25	265	160	105
Tatar	145	70	70	530	215	315
Turk	540	250	290	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	0	0	0	105	55	50
Uighur	10	0	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	55	40	20	485	225	260
Yemeni	105	45	55	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	220	125	95	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	38,340	20,105	18,230	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	850	485	370	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	190	115	80	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	145	55	85	815	410	400
East Indian	30,365	15,870	14,495	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	50	25	30	495	265	225
Gujarati	150	80	70	855	445	410
Kashmiri	20	10	10	720	355	365
Nepali	490	240	255	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	2,960	1,610	1,350	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	3,495	1,815	1,680	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	250	125	125	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	1,025	505	515	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	235	140	100	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	665	385	280	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,260	54,295	57,960	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	250	120	125	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	270	230	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	26,505	13,170	13,335	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	76,735	36,665	40,070	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	415	220	200	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	2,255	1,045	1,210	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	450	195	255	740	390	345
Korean	3,920	1,960	1,960	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	1,550	730	825	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	430	215	210	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	130	50	75	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	0	10	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	115	75	40	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	610	270	340	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	15	10	0	965	500	465
Vietnamese	5,495	2,710	2,785	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	65	80	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	430	215	220	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	435	215	215	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	965	455	515	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	640	280	360	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	180	95	80	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	195	105	90	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	10	0	10	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	55	30	25	425	190	235
Maori	55	30	25	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	30	20	205	105	95
Samoan	0	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	40	15	25	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	282,120	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	183,395	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	98,720	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	282,115	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	24,185	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	257,930	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	282,115	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	3,030	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	47,900	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	73,520	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,300	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	61,375	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	282,115	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,455	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	45,900	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	42,910	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	35,520	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	65,340	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	282,115	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	272,995	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,120	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	282,115	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	261,165	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	20,955	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	282,115	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	97,210	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	93,845	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	36,170	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,970	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,900	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,380	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15,645	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	282,120	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	260,050	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,065	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	282,115	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	164,905	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	109,655	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,555	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	282,120	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	9,595	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	44,905	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,700	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	55,575	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	54,320	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	37,360	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	20,965	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	8,700	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	281,275	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	219,940	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	61,335	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	52,210	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	183,370	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.0	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.3	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,078	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,160	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,831	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	319,050	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	98,725	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.3	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	915	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	939	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	574,035	278,700	295,335	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,150	48,655	48,495	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	171,600	85,895	85,705	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305,285	144,155	161,130	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,575	25,830	11,745	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,440	11,410	8,030	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,135	14,420	3,720	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	102,080	43,540	58,540	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,865	6,590	9,275	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,760	68,195	81,565	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	105,610	46,600	59,010	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,470	4,985	6,485	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,685	2,655	2,030	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	23,210	10,915	12,300	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,780	3,035	1,740	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	380,465	186,840	193,625	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,440	21,505	16,935	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	100,890	52,665	48,225	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	241,135	112,670	128,465	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25,880	17,905	7,975	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,490	8,080	5,410	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,390	9,825	2,565	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	79,425	34,595	44,835	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,845	4,965	6,875	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	123,985	55,205	68,775	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	88,260	38,655	49,605	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,775	3,710	5,065	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,875	2,040	1,840	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	19,530	8,710	10,815	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,540	2,095	1,445	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	574,035	278,700	295,335	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	268,750	134,545	134,200	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	25,525	6,930	18,605	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	25,530	6,930	18,605	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,865	4,720	5,145	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,670	1,275	390	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	8,200	3,445	4,750	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	16,055	6,830	9,225	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,490	340	1,150	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	3,190	910	2,280	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,030	2,110	2,920	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	30	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	665	420	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,220	860	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	2,555	1,405	1,150	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	570	150	420	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,260	12,470	21,790	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	605	145	455	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,510	995	1,515	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,590	565	6,030	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	5,180	1,910	3,265	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	725	210	520	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	6,285	1,900	4,390	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	12,370	6,755	5,610	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	64,250	25,795	38,460	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	220	70	145	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,650	1,245	3,405	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,385	24,475	34,910	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,290	6,255	6,035	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,225	2,355	2,875	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,265	1,750	1,515	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	360	60	300	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	2,835	1,950	885	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	605	140	460	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,730	9,415	5,320	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,235	8,305	3,930	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	815	140	675	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,575	900	670	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	105	65	40	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,975	49,875	5,095	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	2,040	1,165	870	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	13,115	10,910	2,205	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,005	9,915	1,090	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	10,240	10,065	170	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,815	12,345	470	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	5,765	5,470	295	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,135	3,125	2,005	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,445	2,175	1,270	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,690	950	740	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	52,925	11,585	41,335	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,680	1,285	1,395	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	48,720	9,390	39,325	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,525	910	615	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,240	7,140	8,100	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	9,575	2,580	7,000	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	0	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	130	125	0	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	2,390	1,555	830	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,090	2,825	265	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	30	10	15	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	20	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	380,460	186,840	193,625	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	139,330	74,165	65,160	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	18,375	4,735	13,635	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	18,375	4,740	13,635	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,895	3,780	4,115	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,310	970	335	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	6,585	2,810	3,780	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	12,315	5,215	7,095	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,275	295	980	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	2,440	690	1,750	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,935	1,700	2,235	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	25	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	865	510	350	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,530	890	640	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	1,795	985	805	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	420	115	300	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,930	9,790	18,140	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	505	130	380	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,095	810	1,285	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,305	405	4,900	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	4,370	1,430	2,935	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	640	185	450	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	4,875	1,380	3,500	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	10,145	5,450	4,695	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	51,870	20,695	31,180	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	190	70	120	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,655	885	2,770	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,025	19,735	28,290	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,395	4,630	4,765	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,155	1,800	2,360	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,325	1,270	1,055	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	330	55	275	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	2,170	1,415	750	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	420	95	325	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,745	8,260	4,490	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,930	7,445	3,490	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	535	110	425	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,200	660	540	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	45	35	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	42,535	38,130	4,405	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	1,725	985	735	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	11,230	9,235	1,995	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,680	7,730	950	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	7,290	7,145	140	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,455	9,125	335	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	4,150	3,905	250	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,080	2,400	1,680	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,640	1,615	1,025	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,435	785	650	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	42,645	9,575	33,075	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,200	1,075	1,125	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	39,245	7,835	31,410	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,200	665	535	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,340	5,455	5,890	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	6,895	1,860	5,030	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	1,910	1,250	660	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,435	2,230	200	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	20	15	0	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	10	0	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	574,035	278,700	295,335	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	268,750	134,550	134,205	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	305,285	144,150	161,135	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	240,615	112,680	127,935	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	211,540	98,165	113,380	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	29,070	14,520	14,555	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	64,670	31,475	33,200	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,005	3,205	2,800	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	23,735	10,395	13,340	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	8,920	4,555	4,370	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,690	1,565	1,130	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,510	1,155	1,360	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	315	180	135	2,150	1,275	875
Other	20,495	10,420	10,075	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	380,460	186,840	193,620	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	139,325	74,170	65,160	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	241,135	112,670	128,465	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	186,005	86,415	99,590	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	163,665	75,380	88,285	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	22,340	11,040	11,300	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55,130	26,255	28,875	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,050	1,975	2,075	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	21,960	9,645	12,315	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	8,090	4,085	4,000	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,515	890	630	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,305	1,040	1,260	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	275	155	115	1,870	1,105	765
Other	16,940	8,460	8,485	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	574,035	278,700	295,335	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	385,095	198,555	186,545	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	360,055	184,770	175,290	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	25,040	13,785	11,255	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	188,940	80,145	108,795	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	67.1	71.2	63.2	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	62.7	66.3	59.4	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.9	6.0	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	574,035	278,700	295,335	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	177,650	75,115	102,540	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	396,385	203,585	192,800	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	204,765	114,400	90,365	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	191,620	89,190	102,430	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.5	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	385,100	198,555	186,545	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,470	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	347,530	175,945	171,585	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	29,880	19,000	10,890	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	385,095	198,555	186,540	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,680	3,615	4,070	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	35,300	21,385	13,920	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	61,705	19,630	42,080	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,495	19,430	5,065	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	32,270	7,735	24,530	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	51,015	17,170	33,845	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,565	4,735	5,830	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	91,005	41,530	49,475	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50,180	47,655	2,525	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,640	2,995	640	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,235	12,685	4,550	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	385,100	198,555	186,545	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,450	1,575	870	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	625	500	125	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	3,675	2,650	1,025	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	23,770	21,125	2,640	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	32,975	24,455	8,520	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	13,640	9,725	3,915	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	42,075	20,635	21,435	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,360	16,985	4,375	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	7,955	4,615	3,335	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	18,205	7,345	10,865	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,690	3,235	2,455	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20,605	11,215	9,390	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	500	200	295	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,160	8,875	6,290	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	32,030	10,935	21,100	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	55,935	12,595	43,340	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	8,550	4,410	4,140	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	28,680	12,415	16,270	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,435	7,480	8,960	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	27,095	13,970	13,120	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	360,055	184,775	175,285	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	14,985	7,450	7,535	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	1,265	825	440	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	35,115	26,160	8,955	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	308,690	150,335	158,355	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	308,695	150,335	158,355	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,705	138,070	151,630	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,655	1,475	1,175	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,130	10,025	5,105	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	1,205	765	440	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	343,805	176,495	167,310	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,975	134,995	105,980	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,275	7,540	17,740	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	51,060	20,525	30,535	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	16,725	7,275	9,455	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	6,205	4,275	1,935	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	3,560	1,890	1,675	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	343,805	176,495	167,310	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	77,860	36,090	41,765	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	149,890	77,975	71,915	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	81,270	44,080	37,190	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	21,050	11,055	9,990	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	13,735	7,280	6,450	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	343,805	176,490	167,310	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,770	10,280	4,495	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,680	35,850	23,830	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,625	51,405	50,225	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,675	30,275	40,400	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,820	15,325	19,495	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,235	33,365	28,875	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	409,300	209,680	199,620	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	403,715	206,830	196,880	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	399,810	204,725	195,085	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	395,805	203,420	192,385	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	4,005	1,305	2,695	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	3,905	2,105	1,795	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	75	30	45	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	30	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	10	25	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,830	2,075	1,750	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	155	130	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	30	10	15	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	255	145	110	840	530	305
Amharic	20	0	15	85	50	35
Arabic	95	60	35	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	25	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	30	95	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	125	30	95	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	430	205	220	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	200	220	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,455	870	585	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	315	150	165	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	320	155	165	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	45	25	15	220	135	85
Russian	170	90	80	275	120	160
Serbian	10	10	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	85	30	55	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	30	20	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	700	460	240	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	645	430	215	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	20	0	10	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	30	30	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	390	190	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	10	0	10	155	50	100
Iranian languages	55	35	25	200	130	70
Kurdish	10	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	20	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	220	160	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	30	10	15
Portuguese	305	195	110	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	60	15	45	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	280	140	140	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	175	65	115	230	120	115
American Sign Language	130	50	75	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	15	35	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035	585	450	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	1,025	580	445	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	635	350	285	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	385	225	165	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	10	45	30	20
Burmese	10	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	125	60	65
Lao	15	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	5,590	2,845	2,740	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	1,670	745	925	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	3,875	2,090	1,785	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	10	0	10	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	30	10	25	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	409,300	209,680	199,620	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	382,965	197,510	185,455	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	4,535	1,755	2,775	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	8,590	3,620	4,970	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	12,935	6,640	6,290	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	375	140	235	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	12,555	6,500	6,055	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	15
English and non-official language	35	35	0	215	105	110
French and non-official language	230	115	115	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	685,370	335,890	349,480	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	584,855	285,980	298,875	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	100,515	49,910	50,605	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	75,540	37,385	38,155	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	24,975	12,530	12,450	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	12,940	6,575	6,365	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	6,755	3,290	3,465	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	6,180	3,280	2,895	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	12,040	5,955	6,085	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	653,850	319,485	334,365	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	382,145	185,850	196,300	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	271,710	133,640	138,070	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	183,710	89,930	93,780	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	87,995	43,705	44,290	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	35,125	17,300	17,825	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	18,760	9,070	9,695	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	16,360	8,230	8,130	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	52,875	26,410	26,465	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Alberta [Province]