Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and London [Economic region], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			London Ontario [Economic region]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : London [Economic region], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	655,366	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	632,331	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	285,312	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	269,306	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	90.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	7,237.91	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	655,365	319,715	335,650
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	111,255	56,920	54,335
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	35,760	18,345	17,415
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	38,245	19,585	18,660
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	37,250	18,990	18,265
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	430,540	212,230	218,305
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	39,605	20,195	19,405
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	45,680	23,245	22,435
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	42,645	21,300	21,345
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	41,340	20,365	20,975
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	39,470	19,350	20,115
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	39,845	19,505	20,345
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	42,400	20,815	21,580
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	49,885	24,350	25,535
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	48,030	23,170	24,855
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	41,630	19,925	21,700
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	113,570	50,560	63,015
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	36,955	17,440	19,515
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	26,935	12,630	14,310
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	19,780	9,090	10,685
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	14,465	6,105	8,360
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	15,440	5,295	10,140
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	9,450	3,605	5,845
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	4,725	1,400	3,325
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	1,115	270	845
100 years and over	375	50	325	145	25	130
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	17.0	17.8	16.2
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	65.7	66.4	65.0
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	17.3	15.8	18.8
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.4	1.7	3.0
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	40.9	39.8	41.9
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	41.0	39.6	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	269,305	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	163,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	36,690	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	68,145	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	10,550	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	24,690	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	6,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	26,370	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	465	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	1,040	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	269,310	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	77,720	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	95,400	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	39,815	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	35,645	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	20,730	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	645,295	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	544,110	262,795	281,315
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	312,025	155,830	156,195
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	261,530	130,620	130,910
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	50,495	25,210	25,285
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	232,085	106,965	125,120
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	148,495	79,500	68,995
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	17,690	7,630	10,065
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	33,820	13,305	20,520
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	32,075	6,530	25,545
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	183,860	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	95,070	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	38,030	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	33,975	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	16,785	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	183,855	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	153,215	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	127,975	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	25,240	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	30,640	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	24,355	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	6,290	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	153,215	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	76,465	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	76,750	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	29,260	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	31,550	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	15,945	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	30,645	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	18,605	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	8,770	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	3,265	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	113,435	53,200	60,230
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	269,305	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	176,975	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	73,880	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	103,090	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	3,395	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	88,935	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	77,720	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	11,220	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	647,955	316,780	331,175
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	601,315	297,105	304,215
French only	535	255	280	265	125	140
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	38,930	16,430	22,500
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	7,445	3,125	4,320
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	647,955	316,780	331,175
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	631,520	309,515	322,005
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	6,970	3,200	3,765
English and French	1,770	890	885	2,210	1,035	1,175
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	7,255	3,030	4,230
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	8,070	3,720	4,350
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	647,955	316,785	331,175
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	638,355	312,105	326,250
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	533,180	261,450	271,730
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	525,945	258,145	267,800
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	7,230	3,305	3,925
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	105,170	50,650	54,520
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	155	55	100
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	75	20	50
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	10	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	5	0	0
Woods Cree	780	370	410	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	5	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	60	20	35
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	440	485	50	20	35
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	0	5	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	20	10	15	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	60	20	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	50	15	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	0	0	0
Dakota	195	85	105	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	105,020	50,595	54,425
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	13,350	6,820	6,525
Berber languages	10	5	0	15	10	5
Kabyle	5	0	0	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	265	120	135
Bilen	55	25	30	5	5	0
Oromo	195	100	90	15	5	10
Somali	775	355	415	240	110	125
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	5	0	0
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	13,055	6,680	6,380
Amharic	290	140	155	260	130	130
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	10,815	5,540	5,275
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	1,050	525	520
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	210	100	105
Harari	5	0	0	0	5	0
Hebrew	75	45	30	145	80	60
Maltese	10	5	5	260	135	125
Tigrigna	680	340	340	260	130	130
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	55	25	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	2,950	1,355	1,600
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	950	445	510
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	2,000	915	1,090
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	2,175	815	1,365
Bikol	85	40	40	10	0	5
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	95	25	70
Fijian	25	20	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	25	5	15
Ilocano	790	370	415	180	85	100
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	125	55	70	150	70	80
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	10	5	10
Pangasinan	40	15	25	0	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	1,670	610	1,060
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	25	10	15
Creole languages	220	105	120	95	45	50
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	35	20	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	60	20	35
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	1,430	750	680
Kannada	60	35	30	60	30	25
Malayalam	850	455	395	880	450	435
Tamil	350	200	150	340	175	160
Telugu	285	165	120	150	95	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	5	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	68,620	33,135	35,490
Albanian	380	190	190	1,110	570	535
Armenian	70	40	30	105	50	55
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	13,825	6,440	7,390
Baltic languages	175	85	90	325	135	190
Latvian	100	45	50	100	45	55
Lithuanian	75	40	35	230	95	135
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	13,500	6,305	7,200
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Bosnian	225	110	120	670	335	335
Bulgarian	65	35	30	80	35	45
Croatian	455	240	220	1,115	545	565
Czech	235	115	125	440	205	235
Macedonian	55	30	30	100	40	55
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	6,495	2,975	3,525
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	1,460	665	795
Serbian	465	235	225	910	465	440
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	345	165	180
Slovak	115	60	55	410	195	215
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	270	115	155
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	1,135	530	610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	55	20	30
Celtic languages	60	30	30	50	20	35
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	15	5	15
Welsh	30	10	15	25	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	5	5	5
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	21,380	10,215	11,165
Afrikaans	880	450	430	95	45	50
Danish	255	145	110	255	125	125
Dutch	1,385	685	700	7,375	3,545	3,830
Frisian	30	20	10	160	80	85
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	12,765	6,065	6,695
Icelandic	55	20	25	10	0	5
Norwegian	310	140	165	35	15	20
Swedish	150	60	90	80	45	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	550	250	300
Yiddish	25	10	10	30	15	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	20	20
Greek	935	490	445	1,960	975	985
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	9,270	4,790	4,475
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	6,100	3,180	2,915
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	465	235	230
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	840	440	395
Hindi	1,545	880	665	870	475	400
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0	0	0
Konkani	35	15	10	25	10	15
Marathi	140	80	55	90	45	40
Nepali	770	400	370	725	360	365
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	10	5	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	1,260	670	585
Sindhi	120	65	55	70	35	35
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	135	65	70
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	1,605	835	775
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	3,140	1,595	1,540
Kurdish	145	80	65	995	525	465
Pashto	555	315	235	185	90	95
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	1,960	980	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	20,925	10,075	10,850
Catalan	5	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	705	365	340	3,700	1,855	1,845
Portuguese	615	265	350	6,765	3,245	3,515
Romanian	850	425	430	970	455	520
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	9,455	4,505	4,950
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	10	5
Japanese	320	100	220	305	125	185
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5	5	0	5
Korean	1,670	800	865	2,950	1,370	1,585
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Mongolian	40	20	25	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	710	350	365
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	75	35	40
Bamanankan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Edo	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ewe	50	30	20	15	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	0	0	0
Ga	20	15	5	20	5	10
Ganda	35	15	20	20	10	15
Igbo	215	125	90	50	25	25
Lingala	30	20	15	20	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	45	20	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	40	20	20
Shona	90	55	40	40	20	25
Swahili	425	220	205	140	65	75
Wolof	20	10	10	10	5	0
Yoruba	465	240	220	75	40	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	165	75	90
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	195	85	110
Dinka	115	70	45	110	50	60
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	90	40	50
Sign languages	200	100	100	225	130	100
American Sign Language	65	35	35	135	75	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	95	50	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	9,095	4,245	4,850
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	8,830	4,110	4,720
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	2,105	1,000	1,110
Hakka	35	20	15	30	20	10
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	5,985	2,755	3,230
Min Dong	5	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	130	55	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	100	40	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	470	245	230
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	265	130	130
Burmese	180	115	65	30	20	15
Karenic languages	810	395	415	210	105	105
Tibetan	15	5	10	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	260	115	150
Lao	345	175	170	170	85	85
Thai	180	55	125	90	30	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	360	185	175	475	260	215
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	45	25	20
Turkish	290	155	130	360	200	165
Uyghur	5	0	5	25	15	10
Uzbek	30	5	15	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	35	15	15
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	2,095	975	1,115
Estonian	20	10	10	60	20	35
Finnish	205	85	120	130	55	80
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	1,900	900	1,000
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	70	30	40
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	9,605	4,680	4,925
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	1,415	630	790
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	7,660	3,800	3,865
French and non-official language	315	150	165	270	135	130
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	260	115	140
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	647,955	316,780	331,175
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	627,620	306,940	320,675
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	579,760	284,055	295,705
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	577,740	283,120	294,620
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	2,020	935	1,090
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	47,860	22,890	24,975
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	35	15	25
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	10	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	0	0	0
Woods Cree	180	100	85	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	10	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	5	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	15
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dakota	35	15	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	47,820	22,875	24,950
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	7,465	3,675	3,790
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	120	50	70
Bilen	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oromo	140	75	70	0	0	0
Somali	530	245	290	120	50	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	7,325	3,620	3,710
Amharic	150	75	70	115	60	60
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	6,225	3,070	3,155
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	660	325	335
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	120	60	60
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	55	35	25
Maltese	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tigrigna	430	205	220	105	55	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	25	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	1,795	825	970
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	530	240	290
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	1,265	585	680
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	815	360	455
Bikol	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	580	280	295	20	5	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	0	0	5
Ilocano	240	115	120	60	35	35
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	45	20	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	5	5	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	680	295	385
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0	0	0
Creole languages	95	35	65	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	10	0	5
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	745	395	350
Kannada	20	10	10	20	15	5
Malayalam	525	265	260	515	270	245
Tamil	155	90	65	150	80	70
Telugu	145	75	70	65	35	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	27,130	12,980	14,150
Albanian	205	100	100	500	245	255
Armenian	45	25	20	40	15	20
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	5,605	2,685	2,915
Baltic languages	80	35	45	60	25	35
Latvian	40	20	20	10	5	5
Lithuanian	40	15	25	50	15	30
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	5,545	2,665	2,885
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	85	45	40	325	160	165
Bulgarian	35	20	15	40	20	20
Croatian	170	85	85	385	190	200
Czech	30	20	15	115	60	60
Macedonian	35	15	15	30	15	20
Polish	480	220	255	2,850	1,350	1,505
Russian	1,725	875	840	750	370	380
Serbian	270	140	130	420	220	200
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	135	65	75
Slovak	30	15	15	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	45	20	30
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	310	140	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	10	0	5
Celtic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	0	5
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	5,460	2,655	2,805
Afrikaans	530	275	250	30	15	15
Danish	10	5	0	15	10	10
Dutch	200	110	95	745	370	375
Frisian	5	0	0	15	10	10
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	4,400	2,135	2,260
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	10	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	45	20	25
Yiddish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	195	95	100
Greek	395	190	205	755	355	405
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	5,395	2,690	2,705
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	3,455	1,730	1,720
Bengali	1,915	980	930	260	135	130
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	430	210	215
Hindi	880	490	390	435	230	205
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	10	5	5
Marathi	55	30	30	45	25	20
Nepali	570	290	275	660	325	340
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	640	335	310
Sindhi	55	25	25	15	5	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	70	35	35
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	880	435	445
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	1,930	950	980
Kurdish	65	40	30	605	305	300
Pashto	345	185	160	110	55	60
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	1,210	595	615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	9,375	4,325	5,045
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	155	80	75	880	385	495
Portuguese	220	100	115	2,550	1,150	1,400
Romanian	315	165	150	375	185	195
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	5,560	2,605	2,955
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	120	45	75	145	70	70
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,180	590	595	2,205	1,010	1,190
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	185	70	110
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	15	5	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	5	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	0	5	0
Igbo	40	15	20	15	5	10
Lingala	15	10	10	10	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	15	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	5	5	5
Shona	35	25	15	10	5	0
Swahili	200	90	110	55	20	35
Wolof	0	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	115	55	55	15	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	45	20	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	70	35	35
Dinka	65	30	30	35	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	35	15	20
Sign languages	285	175	105	290	170	120
American Sign Language	50	30	20	135	80	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	155	95	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	6,115	2,855	3,260
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	5,940	2,770	3,170
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	1,200	555	650
Hakka	5	0	0	10	5	5
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	4,330	2,005	2,325
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	50	20	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	305	160	140
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	175	90	85
Burmese	115	65	55	15	10	5
Karenic languages	640	310	335	150	75	70
Tibetan	10	0	5	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	90	45	45
Lao	125	60	60	55	30	30
Thai	70	25	45	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	100	95	235	120	115
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	15	5	5
Turkish	170	90	85	170	85	90
Uyghur	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uzbek	10	5	10	5	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	30	15	10
Uralic languages	240	125	120	520	235	280
Estonian	10	0	5	5	0	5
Finnish	15	10	5	10	5	5
Hungarian	215	110	105	500	230	275
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	10	10	0
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	20,335	9,835	10,500
English and French	1,210	575	635	895	390	500
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	18,915	9,210	9,705
French and non-official language	150	85	70	95	40	60
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	430	200	235
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	647,955	316,780	331,175
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	585,420	286,945	298,475
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	21,285	10,355	10,925
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	6,315	2,605	3,715
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	33,880	16,370	17,510
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	230	90	145
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	33,650	16,290	17,365
English and French	170	85	85	210	95	115
English and non-official language	860	440	420	320	170	145
French and non-official language	495	245	255	510	230	280
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	10	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	534,255	258,910	275,350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	513,250	248,845	264,410
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	33,876	39,928	29,060
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	513,360	248,855	264,505
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	30,860	35,720	26,846
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	458,070	226,425	231,645
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	32,269	39,150	26,315
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	375,555	167,995	207,555
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	5,692	3,581	6,698
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	377,565	194,625	182,945
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	32,948	38,406	28,392
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	534,255	258,915	275,340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	512,950	248,575	264,370
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	43,741	50,422	37,459
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	513,055	248,580	264,475
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	36,822	41,632	32,301
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	457,995	226,325	231,670
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	42,549	50,013	35,258
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	375,635	168,420	207,220
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	7,851	7,211	8,372
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	377,570	194,285	183,285
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	41,691	47,455	35,581
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	534,255	258,915	275,345
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	185,925	104,190	81,740
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	51,138	55,577	46,662
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	59,616	64,789	53,022
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	86.9	90.4	82.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	70.3	73.9	65.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	13.1	9.6	17.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	534,260	258,910	275,350
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	21,005	10,065	10,940
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	513,250	248,840	264,410
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	71,585	31,660	39,930
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	88,140	35,275	52,860
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	72,920	30,195	42,725
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	60,815	27,505	33,310
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	56,945	27,745	29,200
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	43,245	23,135	20,115
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	32,080	18,570	13,505
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	22,400	13,210	9,185
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	16,610	9,915	6,695
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	15,560	8,705	6,865
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	32,960	22,930	10,030
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	23,175	15,785	7,385
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	9,785	7,145	2,640
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	534,260	258,910	275,350
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	20,900	10,055	10,845
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	513,360	248,855	264,505
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	73,685	32,180	41,505
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	92,290	37,090	55,200
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	84,475	35,640	48,835
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	74,680	35,150	39,530
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	63,215	32,680	30,535
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	42,375	24,250	18,125
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	27,605	16,520	11,080
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	21,725	12,545	9,180
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	33,310	22,805	10,505
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	11,960	7,665	4,295
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	6,775	4,640	2,130
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	14,575	10,495	4,080
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	534,255	258,905	275,350
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	156,690	64,280	92,405
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	377,570	194,625	182,945
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	70.7	75.2	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	55,415	27,825	27,585
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	31,385	13,760	17,630
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	49,760	22,275	27,490
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	40,560	18,395	22,160
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	39,570	18,035	21,530
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	39,200	19,455	19,750
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	30,990	17,350	13,640
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	22,975	13,715	9,260
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	16,590	10,105	6,485
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	51,125	33,705	17,420
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	13,405	8,030	5,380
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	13,155	7,485	5,675
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	24,565	18,200	6,365
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	269,305	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	66,279	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	58,859	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	77,720	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	34,420	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	31,208	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	191,590	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	83,585	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	73,658	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	269,305	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	83,313	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	70,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	77,715	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	43,361	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	36,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	191,595	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	99,519	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	83,718	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	269,305	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	4,620	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	4,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	7,960	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	10,400	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	12,310	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	11,015	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	11,910	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	12,215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	12,300	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	12,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	22,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	20,270	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	18,455	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	16,355	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	14,955	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	77,650	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	27,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	18,030	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	18,570	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	13,070	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	269,305	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	4,875	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	4,385	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	8,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	10,915	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	13,825	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	12,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	13,890	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	14,565	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	14,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	14,080	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	25,705	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	23,015	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	20,880	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	17,805	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	14,435	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	55,800	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	25,200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	13,955	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	16,645	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	182,920	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	84,639	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	74,416	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	72,420	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	78,028	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	68,761	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	77,365	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	108,375	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	93,500	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	28,760	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	49,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	46,296	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	182,990	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	100,698	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	84,565	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	72,445	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	93,169	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	77,968	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	77,460	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	124,189	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	103,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	28,740	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	59,314	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	52,426	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	102,015	48,395	53,620
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	30,202	31,340	29,347
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	27,780	28,547	27,257
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	101,715	48,700	53,020
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	39,425	41,243	37,755
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	33,597	34,547	32,725
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	645,295	315,720	329,575
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	334,870	159,855	175,015
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	70,645	34,200	36,445
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	66,090	29,770	36,320
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	66,500	31,605	34,900
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	65,950	31,960	33,995
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	65,680	32,325	33,355
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	310,425	155,865	154,560
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	66,600	33,055	33,545
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	65,605	32,725	32,885
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	65,395	32,970	32,430
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	61,930	31,215	30,715
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	50,890	25,900	24,985
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	645,140	315,645	329,500
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	133,830	68,430	65,400
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	43,020	22,070	20,950
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	404,835	198,800	206,035
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	106,475	48,415	58,060
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	101,390	47,205	54,185
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	27,170	13,890	13,285
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	9,635	4,935	4,700
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	61,790	28,905	32,885
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	12,430	4,415	8,020
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	15.7	15.0	16.4
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	20.3	20.3	20.3
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	22.4	22.4	22.4
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	15.3	14.5	16.0
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	11.7	9.1	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	55,565	27,355	28,205
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	12,875	6,585	6,280
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	4,685	2,405	2,280
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	40,435	19,815	20,625
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	2,255	955	1,300
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	8.6	8.7	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	10.9	10.9	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	10.0	10.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.1	2.0	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	645,295	315,725	329,575
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	637,875	312,730	325,145
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	637,540	312,570	324,970
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	39,075	16,355	22,710
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	129,520	62,535	66,985
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	380	120	255
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	195	70	125
Blackfoot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	30	10	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	0	0	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	0	0	10
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	20	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	155	50	105
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	150	50	105
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	10	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	0	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	160	50	105
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	15	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	130	40	90
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	15	0	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	0	0	0
Dakota	415	205	210	0	0	0
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	129,150	62,410	66,740
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	17,230	8,875	8,360
Berber languages	40	35	0	15	10	10
Kabyle	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	420	185	240
Bilen	85	40	45	0	0	0
Oromo	160	70	90	20	10	10
Somali	1,090	520	570	400	175	225
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	16,785	8,675	8,105
Amharic	545	255	290	410	210	200
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	14,640	7,595	7,045
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	1,385	690	695
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	255	135	115
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	470	245	230	335	185	145
Maltese	0	0	0	315	150	160
Tigrigna	705	350	355	420	200	215
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	95	60	40
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	50	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	3,985	1,880	2,110
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	1,305	640	665
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	2,695	1,250	1,440
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	2,970	1,140	1,825
Bikol	90	30	55	25	0	15
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	140	35	105
Fijian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	35	10	20
Ilocano	785	365	415	245	95	155
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	215	95	115	205	105	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	10	10	10
Pangasinan	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	2,615	970	1,650
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	50	25	25
Creole languages	495	230	270	235	125	115
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	30	15	15
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	90	40	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	130	65	60
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	1,860	915	940
Kannada	115	65	55	160	80	80
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	1,060	505	555
Tamil	635	345	290	575	305	275
Telugu	435	270	165	210	110	95
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	85,910	41,410	44,500
Albanian	560	275	285	1,210	610	600
Armenian	115	65	45	165	65	105
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	16,200	7,930	8,270
Baltic languages	225	120	110	350	170	180
Latvian	135	60	70	145	75	70
Lithuanian	95	60	35	205	95	110
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	15,875	7,765	8,110
Belarusan	20	0	15	75	35	40
Bosnian	325	155	165	990	540	445
Bulgarian	75	40	35	95	40	60
Croatian	605	355	250	1,610	825	790
Czech	300	155	150	550	280	270
Macedonian	65	35	35	180	85	100
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	7,605	3,665	3,940
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	2,480	1,180	1,300
Serbian	790	410	385	1,475	755	720
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	470	215	255
Slovak	125	85	40	520	265	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	315	145	170
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	1,290	580	705
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	55	30	25
Celtic languages	165	105	65	165	70	90
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	70	20	40
Welsh	50	30	20	45	20	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	50	35	15
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	25,310	12,035	13,285
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	225	110	110
Danish	320	195	125	340	155	180
Dutch	1,510	720	790	8,690	4,015	4,670
Frisian	25	15	15	195	100	95
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	15,060	7,230	7,825
Icelandic	70	40	30	10	10	0
Norwegian	415	180	235	85	50	40
Swedish	230	95	130	225	110	115
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	610	330	285
Yiddish	75	35	30	25	25	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	1,020	535	490
Greek	1,470	725	745	2,980	1,550	1,425
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	11,780	5,900	5,880
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	8,475	4,290	4,180
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	545	260	280
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	1,065	570	490
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	3,250	1,725	1,530
Kashmiri	40	25	20	0	0	0
Konkani	40	30	15	15	10	0
Marathi	185	120	70	115	55	55
Nepali	835	435	400	855	425	430
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	10	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	2,195	1,170	1,020
Sindhi	180	105	75	125	55	70
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	165	65	100
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	2,655	1,315	1,340
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	3,415	1,670	1,750
Kurdish	145	90	60	1,035	535	500
Pashto	555	315	240	280	145	135
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	2,270	1,070	1,200
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	60	40	30
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	30,460	14,570	15,890
Catalan	0	10	0	20	0	10
Italian	1,360	670	690	5,700	2,820	2,875
Portuguese	885	380	505	8,750	4,285	4,465
Romanian	1,105	525	575	1,255	605	655
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	15,660	7,270	8,395
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	55	35	25
Japanese	1,205	540	665	890	435	460
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	0	0	10
Georgian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	3,265	1,575	1,690
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	1,365	735	625
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	170	80	95
Bamanankan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	20	0	20	10	0	10
Ewe	100	45	55	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	10	0	10
Ga	45	25	15	20	0	20
Ganda	20	10	10	35	20	15
Igbo	625	325	300	100	55	45
Lingala	140	70	65	90	55	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	50	30	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	65	25	35
Shona	150	90	55	65	35	30
Swahili	950	570	380	360	180	180
Wolof	40	25	15	10	0	0
Yoruba	965	470	495	260	155	105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	350	185	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	220	115	105
Dinka	100	65	40	35	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	185	95	90
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	1,285	525	760
American Sign Language	650	215	435	660	240	425
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	645	300	350
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	9,550	4,565	4,980
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	9,290	4,430	4,860
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	2,555	1,195	1,355
Hakka	30	10	20	45	20	25
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	6,940	3,265	3,675
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	160	60	105
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	180	70	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	460	245	215
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	260	135	120
Burmese	315	185	130	60	40	25
Karenic languages	635	310	325	155	80	70
Tibetan	30	15	10	10	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	45	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	300	130	175
Lao	410	170	240	220	100	115
Thai	275	105	170	125	45	85
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	640	365	285	730	405	325
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	110	60	50
Turkish	530	310	220	560	310	250
Uyghur	0	0	0	55	35	20
Uzbek	60	25	35	15	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	25	15	10
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	2,485	1,195	1,295
Estonian	20	15	10	60	35	25
Finnish	360	170	190	145	75	65
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	2,285	1,075	1,210
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	90	45	45
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	645,295	315,725	329,575
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	613,415	300,210	313,210
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	129,270	65,995	63,275
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	484,150	234,215	249,930
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	31,880	15,515	16,370
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	645,295	315,720	329,575
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	524,515	257,330	267,190
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	112,105	53,875	58,225
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	42,750	20,385	22,365
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	15,695	7,625	8,070
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	18,165	8,870	9,290
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	22,535	10,730	11,810
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	10,675	5,065	5,615
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	11,860	5,665	6,195
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	12,960	6,270	6,690
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	8,680	4,515	4,160
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	112,100	53,880	58,225
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	14,855	7,500	7,360
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	24,985	12,765	12,220
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	24,955	11,275	13,675
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	40,255	18,995	21,260
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	7,050	3,350	3,705
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	112,100	53,875	58,225
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	21,700	10,140	11,560
Brazil	185	65	120	380	195	180
Colombia	555	275	280	3,530	1,590	1,940
El Salvador	630	290	340	1,680	795	885
Guyana	155	75	85	590	270	320
Haiti	65	45	20	120	55	60
Jamaica	815	425	395	1,415	745	665
Mexico	1,330	665	665	4,585	2,225	2,365
Peru	165	60	100	170	70	100
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	720	345	375
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	5,365	2,290	3,070
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	3,150	1,565	1,585
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	51,255	24,825	26,425
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	1,270	665	600
Croatia	445	280	165	1,065	540	520
France	215	90	125	340	165	180
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	3,260	1,590	1,665
Greece	605	325	280	1,265	655	610
Hungary	395	215	180	1,255	615	640
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	730	400	325
Italy	570	305	265	2,720	1,435	1,285
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	6,720	3,300	3,420
Poland	1,395	690	705	5,185	2,375	2,815
Portugal	220	105	120	5,190	2,605	2,585
Romania	695	335	360	1,270	610	660
Russian Federation	805	345	460	595	265	330
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	615	305	305
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	720	285	430
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	14,015	6,505	7,510
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	5,045	2,505	2,540
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	5,655	2,850	2,800
Algeria	50	35	15	90	50	40
Egypt	435	230	205	1,110	585	530
Ethiopia	635	285	355	325	155	170
Kenya	425	225	200	280	130	155
Morocco	180	95	80	40	20	25
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	375	195	180
Somalia	635	335	300	225	110	120
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	575	315	260
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	2,625	1,295	1,330
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	33,080	15,800	17,275
Afghanistan	515	230	285	615	300	310
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	345	170	175
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	3,990	1,745	2,245
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	715	345	370
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	3,775	1,905	1,870
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	1,175	565	615
Iraq	1,175	625	550	2,775	1,405	1,370
Japan	265	65	200	230	70	165
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	2,220	1,050	1,165
Lebanon	255	160	90	1,820	955	865
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	1,660	845	815
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	2,610	945	1,665
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	270	125	145
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	2,140	1,050	1,090
Taiwan	180	80	100	180	75	105
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	1,935	865	1,070
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	6,625	3,390	3,235
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	415	255	165
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	12,960	6,270	6,690
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	2,640	1,215	1,425
Brazil	45	10	35	45	20	20
Colombia	115	55	65	635	240	390
Cuba	35	20	15	80	30	45
Haiti	10	10	0	50	25	25
Jamaica	405	230	180	185	120	65
Mexico	435	215	225	465	245	220
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	640	295	350
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	85	40	45
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	450	200	250
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	1,095	585	505
France	50	15	45	35	15	15
Germany	190	105	80	65	35	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	25	15	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	0	0	0
Romania	95	35	60	45	20	30
Russian Federation	220	85	135	90	20	60
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	95	35	60
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	300	195	105
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	440	250	190
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	1,135	565	565
Algeria	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cameroon	70	35	30	60	25	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	70	40	30
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	25	10	15
Egypt	160	75	85	300	155	145
Eritrea	305	145	160	65	45	25
Ethiopia	190	110	85	15	0	10
Morocco	90	40	45	0	0	10
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	105	55	50
Somalia	300	170	125	35	25	15
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	45	20	25
Tunisia	85	45	40	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	375	170	210
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	8,050	3,885	4,165
Afghanistan	125	45	85	125	60	60
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	105	60	45
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	980	435	545
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	10	0	10
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	1,035	545	490
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	265	130	135
Iraq	405	200	205	925	450	475
Israel	95	55	35	20	10	10
Japan	40	10	35	65	25	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	415	210	200
Lebanon	80	50	30	205	100	110
Nepal	235	145	90	250	130	115
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	265	145	125
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	635	245	385
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	175	80	100
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	45	30	20
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	1,240	625	615
Taiwan	60	30	30	25	10	15
Turkey	80	45	35	85	45	40
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	170	105	65
Viet Nam	855	415	445	70	15	55
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	945	440	500
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	55	20	30
Australia	85	55	30	35	0	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	20	15	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	645,295	315,725	329,575
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	124,110	60,170	63,940
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	131,005	65,010	65,995
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	390,185	190,540	199,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	70,575	34,100	36,480
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	29,080	14,690	14,390
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	9,820	6,720	3,105
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	19,265	7,970	11,290
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	19,305	7,860	11,445
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	21,465	11,220	10,245
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	725	335	395
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	645,295	315,720	329,575
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	15,175	7,035	8,140
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	14,645	6,810	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	10,575	4,900	5,675
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	3,955	1,825	2,125
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	115	80	35
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	135	55	80
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	395	170	220
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	630,120	308,685	321,435
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	645,295	315,720	329,575
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	6,765	2,945	3,815
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	638,530	312,775	325,760
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	645,300	315,725	329,575
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	3,645	1,680	1,965
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	3,610	1,660	1,950
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	3,200	1,430	1,765
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	365	195	170
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	50	35	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	25	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	10	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	19,345	8,895	10,445
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	19,020	8,755	10,270
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	14,690	6,735	7,950
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	4,135	1,925	2,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	195	100	100
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	320	140	180
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	285	115	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	30	20	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	622,305	305,145	317,160
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	645,295	315,720	329,575
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	82,490	40,790	41,700
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	12,740	6,495	6,245
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	11,010	5,170	5,840
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	13,140	6,790	6,345
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	4,125	1,730	2,390
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	9,855	4,750	5,105
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	13,895	7,245	6,650
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	5,455	2,670	2,785
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	3,325	1,590	1,740
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	3,520	1,680	1,845
Japanese	955	420	530	810	365	445
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	2,030	1,065	965
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	2,575	1,230	1,340
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	562,805	274,935	287,875
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	645,295	315,720	329,575
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	22,990	10,580	12,415
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	18,240	8,325	9,910
Inuit	650	305	345	290	160	130
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	4,815	2,260	2,560
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	192,495	94,080	98,415
Acadian	485	270	215	630	300	330
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	8,325	3,945	4,380
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	186,825	91,400	95,425
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	430	190	240
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	40	15	20
Ontarian	20	20	10	60	30	30
Québécois	240	100	140	175	60	110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	20	10	10
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	481,285	234,190	247,095
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	325,840	157,115	168,725
Channel Islander	10	0	0	10	0	15
Cornish	35	15	20	50	30	25
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	201,055	96,125	104,930
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	127,730	59,685	68,050
Manx	250	120	130	155	105	50
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	144,870	69,615	75,255
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	12,560	6,015	6,550
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	20,810	9,535	11,280
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	60,160	27,775	32,380
Alsatian	10	10	10	70	20	50
Breton	25	10	15	10	0	0
Corsican	15	0	15	0	10	0
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	60,105	27,760	32,345
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	155,330	75,880	79,455
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	2,955	1,505	1,455
Bavarian	50	45	0	20	15	10
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	9,500	4,670	4,830
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	60,730	30,130	30,605
Flemish	805	415	395	550	265	285
Frisian	70	35	35	380	185	190
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	91,775	44,300	47,470
Luxembourger	500	275	225	15	0	10
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	3,485	1,705	1,785
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	55	35	20
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	12,565	5,860	6,710
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	3,465	1,735	1,725
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	2,025	875	1,145
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	495	240	255
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	3,095	1,440	1,655
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	3,240	1,410	1,825
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	950	445	500
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	64,115	31,295	32,825
Bulgarian	355	190	160	430	185	250
Byelorussian	290	150	140	550	270	280
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	2,160	1,095	1,060
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	970	465	505
Estonian	265	150	115	375	185	195
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	12,110	6,000	6,110
Latvian	535	265	265	520	260	260
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	1,685	850	830
Moldovan	345	145	200	25	10	10
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	24,485	11,805	12,680
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	3,850	1,845	2,010
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	8,540	4,120	4,415
Slovak	1,390	750	645	2,095	1,065	1,035
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	15,105	7,390	7,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	180	90	90
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	64,375	32,175	32,200
Albanian	605	310	290	1,320	645	670
Bosnian	515	260	260	1,220	680	535
Catalan	15	10	10	20	10	0
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	3,500	1,795	1,705
Cypriot	45	35	10	220	85	135
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	6,045	3,030	3,020
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	26,425	13,090	13,335
Kosovar	30	25	10	190	105	85
Macedonian	110	45	65	525	250	275
Maltese	125	65	60	2,255	1,100	1,155
Montenegrin	85	40	40	95	50	45
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	15,635	8,060	7,575
Serbian	1,300	670	630	2,110	1,055	1,060
Sicilian	100	75	25	165	65	100
Slovenian	640	275	365	1,210	640	575
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	6,200	2,850	3,355
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	1,610	755	860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	50	25	25
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	2,700	1,335	1,370
Basque	50	40	10	35	15	20
Jewish	1,725	905	815	1,270	570	695
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	60	15	45
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	105	70	40
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	1,230	660	565
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	8,380	4,325	4,055
Antiguan	0	0	0	15	10	15
Bahamian	15	10	0	165	95	70
Barbadian	110	45	60	715	390	330
Bermudan	20	20	0	80	40	35
Carib	10	0	10	15	10	10
Cuban	185	125	55	425	195	230
Dominican	115	75	45	200	95	105
Grenadian	60	25	30	190	100	90
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haitian	110	75	40	225	125	95
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	4,470	2,310	2,160
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	40	25	15
St. Lucian	45	15	25	70	40	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	1,190	635	550
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	95	65	30
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	685	305	380
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	295	155	140
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	15,845	7,725	8,120
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	380	190	190
Arawak	0	0	0	15	0	10
Argentinian	160	60	95	210	100	110
Belizean	55	35	15	45	25	25
Bolivian	45	30	15	45	15	25
Brazilian	305	150	155	420	210	210
Chilean	860	450	415	375	190	190
Colombian	705	335	370	4,515	2,095	2,415
Costa Rican	50	15	35	85	35	50
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	85	45	40
Guatemalan	270	135	140	380	205	175
Guyanese	185	110	75	1,010	485	530
Hispanic	125	75	50	315	140	180
Honduran	95	45	50	240	130	110
Maya	140	75	65	115	75	45
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	4,495	2,225	2,270
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	555	285	265
Panamanian	15	0	10	35	25	10
Paraguayan	40	30	10	25	15	10
Peruvian	295	120	175	330	180	155
Salvadorean	765	350	415	2,050	1,000	1,050
Uruguayan	65	20	40	20	10	10
Venezuelan	55	30	30	360	145	210
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	475	255	225
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	11,145	5,795	5,345
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	1,620	830	795
Akan	115	80	40	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	10	50	30	20
Ashanti	10	10	0	25	10	25
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	20	15	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	205	90	110	100	45	55
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	530	290	240	220	115	105
Edo	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	40	20	15	0	10	0
Ghanaian	555	320	235	355	180	175
Guinean	25	20	10	15	10	0
Ibo	485	275	215	30	20	10
Ivorian	75	35	45	20	0	15
Liberian	85	25	60	105	40	65
Malian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	15	10	15
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	530	290	245
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	10	10	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	0	0	10
Togolese	55	35	20	0	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	520	270	255	140	55	80
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	80	50	30
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	3,315	1,855	1,465
Algerian	70	50	15	100	45	50
Berber	55	45	15	30	15	20
Coptic	40	15	20	50	25	20
Dinka	35	20	15	80	35	50
Egyptian	535	290	245	1,815	1,010	805
Libyan	205	115	85	255	135	120
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	220	110	115	105	40	65
Sudanese	935	515	420	830	495	340
Tunisian	105	60	50	85	45	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	75	50	25
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	3,410	1,690	1,720
Afrikaner	60	35	30	10	0	10
Amhara	20	10	10	30	10	20
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	50	25	25
Burundian	300	155	145	75	45	30
Djiboutian	10	10	10	55	25	25
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	575	300	270
Ethiopian	675	335	345	635	295	340
Harari	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kenyan	190	95	95	125	60	60
Malagasy	10	0	10	0	0	10
Mauritian	205	90	110	30	20	0
Oromo	140	65	75	25	0	20
Rwandan	80	20	60	110	35	70
Seychellois	10	10	0	10	0	0
Somali	1,275	635	635	620	290	330
South African	1,295	680	615	695	370	325
Tanzanian	55	35	20	30	20	10
Tigrian	45	30	15	25	15	15
Ugandan	90	40	50	115	55	60
Zambian	190	90	100	10	0	10
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	110	55	55
Zulu	35	30	10	20	10	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	255	115	135
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	2,955	1,510	1,450
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	450	230	220
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	2,520	1,285	1,230
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	61,555	29,945	31,615
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	21,630	10,960	10,670
Afghan	780	390	385	920	445	480
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	2,750	1,445	1,305
Armenian	240	130	115	415	160	255
Assyrian	215	120	95	1,100	565	535
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	70	35	35
Georgian	35	20	10	0	0	10
Hazara	25	10	20	15	10	10
Iranian	1,345	740	600	1,890	945	945
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	2,575	1,305	1,270
Israeli	120	75	50	165	95	65
Jordanian	75	40	30	630	345	285
Kazakh	30	15	15	25	15	10
Kurd	200	110	90	1,005	530	470
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	35	20	15
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	10	0	0
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	5,140	2,615	2,520
Palestinian	120	60	55	2,400	1,180	1,225
Pashtun	175	100	75	35	15	15
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	310	165	140
Syrian	1,365	740	625	2,290	1,105	1,180
Tajik	10	10	0	40	20	15
Tatar	60	25	35	30	15	15
Turk	860	450	405	1,140	595	545
Turkmen	20	10	10	50	35	15
Uighur	0	0	0	50	35	15
Uzbek	70	15	50	40	20	15
Yemeni	45	20	20	85	30	50
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	990	540	450
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	13,245	6,665	6,580
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	285	150	140
Bengali	600	350	250	230	95	135
Bhutanese	210	110	100	515	220	295
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	9,180	4,675	4,505
Goan	45	25	15	70	35	35
Gujarati	195	105	95	10	0	0
Kashmiri	115	75	40	20	10	10
Nepali	565	320	245	420	225	195
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	1,935	1,000	940
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	350	180	170
Sinhalese	65	30	30	110	50	60
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	355	160	195
Tamil	120	65	55	120	60	60
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	635	300	335
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	27,140	12,530	14,615
Burmese	465	210	260	225	135	85
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	1,720	835	885
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	12,830	5,905	6,925
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	4,715	2,005	2,710
Hmong	0	0	0	20	20	0
Indonesian	220	115	105	340	165	175
Japanese	1,220	530	690	1,040	455	585
Karen	585	290	290	125	60	60
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	3,590	1,705	1,885
Laotian	705	335	380	345	190	160
Malaysian	160	75	80	120	45	75
Mongolian	205	105	100	110	55	55
Singaporean	10	0	10	20	15	0
Taiwanese	265	115	155	135	70	70
Thai	420	170	250	225	105	120
Tibetan	50	35	25	20	10	10
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	3,370	1,560	1,805
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	70	35	40
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	315	155	160
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	310	155	155
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	915	420	490
Australian	890	505	385	605	315	295
New Zealander	265	140	125	195	60	140
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	120	50	70
Fijian	110	60	50	35	10	30
Hawaiian	25	10	10	10	0	0
Maori	45	0	35	45	25	20
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Samoan	55	25	30	10	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	30	20	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	269,305	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	179,725	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	89,585	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	269,305	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	28,050	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	241,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	269,305	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	740	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	32,510	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	63,200	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	106,895	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	65,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	269,310	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	58,135	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	34,425	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	40,740	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	39,710	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	96,295	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	269,305	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	266,505	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	2,800	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	269,305	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	259,430	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	9,880	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	269,305	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	76,865	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	78,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	35,595	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	30,225	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	16,225	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	18,075	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	13,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	269,305	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	253,040	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	16,265	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	269,310	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	157,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	106,430	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	4,905	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	269,305	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	10,755	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	39,120	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	43,125	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	53,425	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	52,835	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	39,005	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	22,420	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	8,620	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	264,570	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	200,330	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	64,240	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	55,770	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	175,565	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	1,105	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,207	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	259,402	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	299,142	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	89,240	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	12.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	44.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	869	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	925	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	534,255	258,915	275,340
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	101,575	51,830	49,740
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	153,265	77,165	76,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	279,415	129,920	149,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	35,240	25,025	10,220
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	16,850	10,155	6,695
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	18,395	14,865	3,525
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	128,695	53,925	74,770
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	8,835	3,975	4,865
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	106,645	47,000	59,645
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	69,805	28,965	40,850
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	7,385	3,010	4,370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	4,245	2,365	1,875
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	19,830	9,210	10,625
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	5,380	3,460	1,920
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	342,900	166,730	176,170
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	39,770	22,065	17,705
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	90,635	47,760	42,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	212,490	96,900	115,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	23,670	16,895	6,775
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	11,450	6,985	4,465
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	12,220	9,905	2,315
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	99,955	42,285	57,670
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	6,080	2,795	3,285
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	82,785	34,925	47,860
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	53,570	21,535	32,030
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	5,510	2,100	3,415
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	3,380	1,675	1,705
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	16,125	7,090	9,035
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	4,200	2,525	1,675
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	534,255	258,915	275,345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	254,835	128,990	125,850
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	16,255	4,045	12,215
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	16,260	4,045	12,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	10,135	4,475	5,660
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	1,940	1,480	460
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	8,195	2,995	5,195
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	15,625	6,170	9,455
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	1,065	225	840
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	4,290	1,270	3,015
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	3,325	1,265	2,060
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	135	25	110
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	1,265	710	560
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	1,755	1,040	715
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	2,825	1,495	1,325
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	970	135	835
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	35,405	10,710	24,695
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	335	35	300
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	2,240	970	1,270
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	8,350	605	7,740
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	5,030	1,410	3,625
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	655	170	490
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	5,640	1,440	4,195
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	13,155	6,080	7,075
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	50,435	19,295	31,140
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	130	35	95
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	5,490	1,070	4,425
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	44,810	18,190	26,620
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	10,050	4,925	5,125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	4,870	2,180	2,695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	1,800	780	1,020
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	135	40	100
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	2,610	1,720	890
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	625	215	415
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	10,350	6,580	3,765
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	7,625	5,370	2,255
25. Library science	990	85	905	1,040	210	825
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	1,560	935	625
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	130	70	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	53,835	50,005	3,830
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	1,755	1,260	500
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	8,660	7,145	1,515
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	12,365	11,320	1,045
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	10,710	10,480	235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	12,705	12,470	230
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	7,635	7,325	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	7,525	5,395	2,125
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	5,915	4,360	1,560
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	1,605	1,035	570
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	51,800	9,875	41,920
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	4,350	2,155	2,190
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	45,995	6,890	39,105
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	1,455	830	625
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	17,920	8,425	9,500
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	9,685	2,175	7,510
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	40	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	90	80	10
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	5,290	3,550	1,745
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	2,815	2,580	235
Other	40	20	20	85	10	70
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	85	10	70
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	342,895	166,730	176,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	130,410	69,825	60,580
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	10,580	2,515	8,070
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	10,585	2,510	8,070
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	7,915	3,430	4,490
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	1,440	1,050	390
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	6,480	2,375	4,100
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	11,315	4,295	7,020
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	790	170	615
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	3,120	835	2,290
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	2,315	865	1,455
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	110	25	85
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	990	540	450
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	1,200	710	500
54. History	1,365	725	640	2,130	1,085	1,045
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	660	75	585
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	27,885	8,120	19,765
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	290	30	260
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	1,815	770	1,050
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	6,690	470	6,225
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	4,320	1,020	3,305
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	505	120	385
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	4,135	1,015	3,120
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	10,120	4,705	5,420
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	39,250	14,410	24,840
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	115	25	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	4,495	790	3,700
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	34,645	13,590	21,055
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	7,585	3,530	4,055
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	3,775	1,615	2,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	1,315	530	780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	120	25	95
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	1,920	1,215	710
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	465	155	310
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	8,715	5,550	3,170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	6,690	4,695	1,995
25. Library science	730	60	670	785	160	625
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	1,140	645	500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	105	50	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	40,420	37,225	3,200
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	1,490	1,075	415
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	6,585	5,315	1,270
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	9,730	8,825	900
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	7,645	7,475	170
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	9,345	9,165	185
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	5,625	5,365	260
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	5,790	4,020	1,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	4,545	3,230	1,315
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	1,245	790	455
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	39,360	7,370	31,995
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	3,355	1,620	1,730
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	34,840	5,140	29,695
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	1,175	610	560
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	13,590	6,435	7,155
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	7,060	1,555	5,500
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	30	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	45	35	10
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	4,245	2,795	1,450
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	2,215	2,015	195
Other	35	15	20	65	10	55
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	65	0	55
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	534,260	258,915	275,345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	254,835	128,995	125,845
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	279,420	129,920	149,500
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	245,715	112,740	132,980
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	233,595	106,960	126,630
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	12,125	5,780	6,350
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	33,700	17,180	16,520
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	6,385	3,425	2,960
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	1,300	425	870
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	2,360	1,245	1,120
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	4,210	2,440	1,770
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	1,715	745	970
France	220	125	95	165	100	65
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	17,570	8,800	8,765
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	342,900	166,730	176,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	130,405	69,830	60,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	212,490	96,900	115,590
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	188,030	85,200	102,830
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	179,620	81,150	98,475
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	8,405	4,050	4,355
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	24,460	11,695	12,765
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	4,660	2,365	2,295
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	1,085	345	740
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	1,790	860	930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	2,020	1,115	900
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	1,415	615	800
France	200	115	85	125	75	50
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	13,370	6,325	7,050
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	534,260	258,915	275,345
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	344,320	178,070	166,250
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	320,965	165,580	155,385
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	23,360	12,490	10,870
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	189,935	80,845	109,090
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	64.4	68.8	60.4
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	60.1	64.0	56.4
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	6.8	7.0	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	534,255	258,915	275,340
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	178,805	76,455	102,350
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	355,455	182,460	172,990
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	190,100	106,920	83,180
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	165,350	75,545	89,810
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	43.4	43.9	42.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	344,320	178,075	166,250
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	7,420	3,755	3,665
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	336,905	174,315	162,590
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	298,995	150,165	148,825
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	37,910	24,150	13,760
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	344,325	178,070	166,250
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	7,420	3,760	3,660
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	336,900	174,315	162,590
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	35,380	21,970	13,405
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	46,765	13,070	33,700
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	17,505	13,685	3,825
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	26,660	5,235	21,420
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	39,240	12,350	26,890
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	8,070	3,485	4,590
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	78,700	32,570	46,135
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	51,785	48,430	3,355
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	7,890	5,705	2,190
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	24,910	17,820	7,090
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	344,320	178,070	166,255
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	7,420	3,760	3,665
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	336,905	174,315	162,590
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	10,855	7,240	3,615
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	555	505	55
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	1,840	1,405	435
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	23,725	21,225	2,505
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	44,490	32,455	12,030
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	11,560	8,165	3,400
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	37,575	17,430	20,145
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	15,795	12,035	3,760
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	5,245	2,750	2,500
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	15,885	6,130	9,750
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	5,400	3,005	2,400
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	18,420	9,715	8,710
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	220	95	125
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	15,860	8,980	6,880
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	27,540	9,200	18,340
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	44,475	7,920	36,555
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	6,660	3,305	3,360
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	23,290	8,925	14,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	14,850	6,970	7,880
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	12,645	6,855	5,790
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	320,965	165,580	155,380
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	23,960	12,600	11,365
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	1,300	945	355
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	35,040	26,035	9,000
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	260,660	126,000	134,660
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	260,665	126,000	134,660
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	172,395	78,320	94,080
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	39,875	19,790	20,085
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	47,845	27,575	20,275
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	540	315	225
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	295,700	152,040	143,660
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	236,705	124,800	111,905
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	20,950	9,340	11,610
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	16,670	6,840	9,835
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	15,780	7,530	8,245
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	2,890	2,110	785
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	2,705	1,415	1,285
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	295,700	152,040	143,660
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	96,650	45,675	50,975
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	115,840	58,105	57,735
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	51,705	28,625	23,085
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	16,675	9,370	7,300
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	14,830	10,260	4,570
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	295,700	152,040	143,660
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	19,945	13,755	6,195
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	53,475	33,730	19,745
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	77,285	38,965	38,320
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	60,875	23,825	37,050
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	29,645	12,080	17,570
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	54,465	29,685	24,780
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	366,240	187,880	178,360
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	363,870	186,875	176,990
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	361,630	185,660	175,970
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	360,040	185,260	174,775
French	1,995	590	1,405	1,590	395	1,195
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	2,240	1,215	1,020
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	2,235	1,220	1,020
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	185	130	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	180	130	55
Amharic	0	0	0	15	10	0
Arabic	75	65	0	165	125	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	100	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Vietnamese	245	135	115	75	30	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	20	0	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	15	0	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	1,245	670	580
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	130	50	80
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	130	50	80
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	25	40
Russian	25	10	10	45	25	20
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	0	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	720	405	315
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	25	20	110	75	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	520	260	255
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	80	60	25
Greek	0	0	10	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	55	35	20
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	25	15	15
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	10	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	30	20	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	25	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	340	180	160
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	80	50	25
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	105	40	60	255	125	130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	20	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	125	60	65
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	75	25	50
American Sign Language	10	0	10	50	10	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	20	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	450	260	190
Chinese languages	990	540	450	455	265	190
Cantonese	250	140	105	135	80	50
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	605	310	300	300	175	125
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	25	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	10	10	10
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	10
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	2,370	1,000	1,370
English and French	650	235	410	745	235	510
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	1,580	755	825
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	40	10	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	366,240	187,880	178,360
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	354,180	182,365	171,815
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	2,145	880	1,270
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	3,405	1,260	2,140
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	6,280	3,280	3,000
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	40	10	30
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	6,240	3,270	2,970
English and French	0	0	0	15	0	10
English and non-official language	10	0	10	25	10	15
French and non-official language	170	90	85	180	70	110
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	638,245	312,235	326,010
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	549,180	268,795	280,385
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	89,065	43,445	45,625
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	52,995	25,950	27,050
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	36,070	17,500	18,570
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	29,490	14,205	15,280
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	26,250	12,560	13,690
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	3,245	1,645	1,595
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	6,585	3,290	3,290
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	609,405	297,365	312,045
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	371,500	181,705	189,795
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	237,905	115,660	122,250
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	136,650	66,420	70,235
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	101,255	49,240	52,010
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	81,735	39,595	42,140
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	74,270	35,980	38,295
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	7,465	3,615	3,845
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	19,515	9,645	9,870

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and London [Economic region], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and London [Economic region], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and London [Economic region], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and London [Economic region], Ontario