Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatoon West [Federal electoral district], Saskatchewan and Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatoon West Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district]			Roussillon, MRC Quebec [Census division]
	Data quality , Saskatoon West [Federal electoral district], Saskatchewan Map : Saskatoon West [Federal electoral district], Saskatchewan Change geography 1			Data quality : Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	83,711	...	...	171,443	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	76,704	...	...	162,187	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	9.1	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	36,397	...	...	67,868	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	33,017	...	...	66,264	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	915.8	...	...	404.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	91.40	...	...	423.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	83,715	41,375	42,335	171,440	84,670	86,770
0 to 14 years	16,645	8,515	8,130	32,540	16,775	15,770
0 to 4 years	5,915	3,035	2,875	9,965	5,125	4,835
5 to 9 years	5,705	2,895	2,810	11,635	6,010	5,620
10 to 14 years	5,025	2,580	2,450	10,940	5,635	5,310
15 to 64 years	57,435	28,745	28,690	114,200	56,565	57,635
15 to 19 years	4,980	2,500	2,485	10,620	5,540	5,080
20 to 24 years	5,705	2,845	2,855	10,540	5,510	5,035
25 to 29 years	7,245	3,625	3,625	8,600	4,270	4,330
30 to 34 years	7,340	3,560	3,775	9,720	4,710	5,015
35 to 39 years	6,275	3,185	3,085	12,220	5,810	6,410
40 to 44 years	5,415	2,745	2,675	12,425	6,075	6,345
45 to 49 years	5,230	2,680	2,550	12,685	6,255	6,425
50 to 54 years	5,525	2,825	2,700	14,120	6,955	7,165
55 to 59 years	5,325	2,645	2,685	13,175	6,530	6,645
60 to 64 years	4,385	2,130	2,250	10,095	4,915	5,185
65 years and over	9,635	4,115	5,520	24,700	11,335	13,365
65 to 69 years	3,220	1,535	1,685	8,555	4,090	4,465
70 to 74 years	2,100	980	1,125	6,600	3,165	3,440
75 to 79 years	1,665	670	995	4,385	1,960	2,425
80 to 84 years	1,215	495	720	2,820	1,270	1,550
85 years and over	1,435	435	995	2,335	845	1,490
85 to 89 years	845	295	550	1,590	615	970
90 to 94 years	415	105	305	595	195	400
95 to 99 years	155	35	120	140	30	110
100 years and over	25	5	20	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.9	20.6	19.2	19.0	19.8	18.2
15 to 64 years	68.6	69.5	67.8	66.6	66.8	66.4
65 years and over	11.5	9.9	13.0	14.4	13.4	15.4
85 years and over	1.7	1.1	2.4	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	36.8	35.9	37.7	39.5	38.7	40.3
Median age of the population	35.0	34.5	35.5	40.6	39.8	41.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
Single-detached house	18,825	...	...	42,640	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,610	...	...	565	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	11,550	...	...	22,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,140	...	...	3,925	...	...
Row house	1,350	...	...	1,995	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,980	...	...	1,870	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,060	...	...	14,335	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	185	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	25	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	33,015	...	...	66,265	...	...
1 person	10,070	...	...	15,215	...	...
2 persons	10,445	...	...	22,705	...	...
3 persons	4,940	...	...	11,575	...	...
4 persons	4,120	...	...	11,485	...	...
5 or more persons	3,430	...	...	5,280	...	...
Number of persons in private households	81,840	...	...	169,735	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	67,070	32,860	34,210	138,900	67,900	71,005
Married or living common law	34,465	17,345	17,120	84,880	42,390	42,485
Married	27,665	13,930	13,740	51,940	25,955	25,985
Living common law	6,800	3,420	3,385	32,940	16,435	16,500
Not married and not living common law	32,605	15,520	17,090	54,025	25,505	28,520
Never married	22,540	12,030	10,510	37,385	20,110	17,280
Separated	1,860	805	1,050	1,845	790	1,050
Divorced	4,720	1,985	2,735	8,490	3,190	5,295
Widowed	3,490	700	2,790	6,305	1,410	4,890
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	21,735	...	...	50,230	...	...
2 persons	10,695	...	...	23,365	...	...
3 persons	4,740	...	...	11,345	...	...
4 persons	3,935	...	...	11,290	...	...
5 or more persons	2,355	...	...	4,235	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	21,730	...	...	50,230	...	...
Total couple families	16,680	...	...	41,975	...	...
Married couples	13,280	...	...	25,525	...	...
Common-law couples	3,400	...	...	16,455	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	5,050	...	...	8,250	...	...
Female parent	4,015	...	...	6,040	...	...
Male parent	1,035	...	...	2,210	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	16,680	...	...	41,980	...	...
Couples without children	7,825	...	...	18,510	...	...
Couples with children	8,860	...	...	23,465	...	...
1 child	3,415	...	...	8,720	...	...
2 children	3,395	...	...	10,675	...	...
3 or more children	2,050	...	...	4,070	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	5,050	...	...	8,250	...	...
1 child	2,875	...	...	4,845	...	...
2 children	1,325	...	...	2,620	...	...
3 or more children	850	...	...	780	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,690	9,170	8,520	21,485	10,040	11,445
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	33,015	...	...	66,265	...	...
One-census-family households	20,065	...	...	48,710	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,345	...	...	17,910	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	12,730	...	...	30,795	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	810	...	...	750	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,140	...	...	16,805	...	...
One-person households	10,070	...	...	15,215	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,070	...	...	1,590	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	82,255	40,725	41,535	170,835	84,455	86,380
English only	76,545	38,135	38,410	7,775	3,840	3,935
French only	40	20	25	68,060	31,330	36,730
English and French	4,305	1,955	2,350	94,215	48,950	45,265
Neither English nor French	1,365	610	750	790	335	450
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	82,255	40,725	41,535	170,835	84,460	86,380
English	79,895	39,625	40,275	23,960	11,970	11,990
French	785	380	410	140,390	69,140	71,255
English and French	255	135	125	5,735	3,030	2,700
Neither English nor French	1,325	595	730	745	320	430
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	910	440	465	26,825	13,480	13,345
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.1	1.1	15.7	16.0	15.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	82,250	40,725	41,535	170,835	84,455	86,380
Single responses	79,930	39,645	40,285	166,675	82,325	84,355
Official languages	62,850	31,320	31,535	150,330	74,180	76,155
English	61,985	30,895	31,090	19,115	9,495	9,620
French	865	425	445	131,215	64,685	66,530
Non-official languages	17,075	8,325	8,750	16,345	8,140	8,200
Aboriginal languages	835	350	485	30	15	20
Algonquian languages	680	285	390	10	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	570	235	335	5	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	170	70	95	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	320	125	195	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	105	50	60	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	105	50	55	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	135	55	75	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	130	55	75	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	135	55	75	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dakota	15	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,235	7,975	8,260	16,315	8,130	8,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,010	520	490	2,165	1,155	1,015
Berber languages	0	0	0	385	205	180
Kabyle	0	0	0	190	105	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	105	90
Cushitic languages	165	90	80	5	0	0
Bilen	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oromo	85	50	35	0	0	0
Somali	70	35	35	5	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	840	430	410	1,775	945	830
Amharic	65	25	40	10	5	10
Arabic	580	310	275	1,740	930	810
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50	25	20	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	20	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	90	40	50	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	685	330	350	345	165	180
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	25	135	65	65
Vietnamese	640	305	330	210	100	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,885	2,335	2,555	215	80	135
Bikol	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	305	135	170	10	0	10
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	40	25	20	0	0	0
Ilocano	130	60	70	10	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	30	25
Malay	10	5	5	10	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,310	2,060	2,250	125	35	85
Waray-Waray	15	10	5	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	5	0	5
Creole languages	10	10	0	510	240	265
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	465	220	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	25	15	15
Dravidian languages	125	70	50	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	85	50	35	10	5	5
Tamil	25	15	10	15	10	10
Telugu	5	5	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,610	3,785	3,825	10,905	5,460	5,450
Albanian	15	10	10	15	5	10
Armenian	5	5	0	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,820	805	1,010	2,345	1,120	1,220
Baltic languages	25	15	10	10	0	10
Latvian	25	15	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	5	0	10
Slavic languages	1,790	785	1,005	2,335	1,120	1,215
Belarusan	0	0	5	10	5	5
Bosnian	35	20	20	5	5	5
Bulgarian	10	5	5	290	140	150
Croatian	60	35	30	40	25	20
Czech	20	10	10	25	15	15
Macedonian	15	10	5	10	5	5
Polish	180	75	105	450	210	240
Russian	345	155	190	1,275	610	665
Serbian	40	25	15	35	15	15
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	10	5	5
Slovak	10	5	5	20	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	20	10	10
Ukrainian	1,035	440	600	135	65	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	925	420	510	380	190	190
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	10	0	5
Dutch	70	35	35	60	30	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	800	360	440	280	140	135
Icelandic	0	5	5	5	0	5
Norwegian	15	0	10	0	0	5
Swedish	0	0	5	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	10	5	10
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	5	0
Greek	40	25	10	380	205	180
Indo-Iranian languages	3,595	1,920	1,675	860	455	405
Indo-Aryan languages	3,225	1,720	1,500	420	215	205
Bengali	795	435	365	145	70	75
Gujarati	120	65	55	25	15	10
Hindi	130	70	60	20	10	15
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nepali	160	80	75	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	820	450	375	155	90	65
Sindhi	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	10	5	5
Urdu	1,120	585	535	60	30	30
Iranian languages	280	145	130	425	230	200
Kurdish	20	15	5	15	10	5
Pashto	105	55	50	0	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	145	75	75	410	220	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	1,210	605	600	6,890	3,460	3,425
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Italian	100	50	45	1,230	680	550
Portuguese	125	55	70	860	415	450
Romanian	180	95	85	1,335	655	685
Spanish	800	405	395	3,455	1,705	1,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15	35	5	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	5	0	0
Georgian	5	0	0	0	0	5
Korean	60	30	30	40	15	20
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	5	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	230	120	110	575	290	290
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	20	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	50	20	30
Edo	5	5	0	5	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	15	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	30	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	5	90	45	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	65	25	35
Shona	5	0	5	5	0	0
Swahili	55	25	30	50	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	25
Yoruba	45	20	25	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	155	75	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	110	60	50	5	5	5
Dinka	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	5	0	5
Sign languages	40	20	25	15	10	10
American Sign Language	15	10	10	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	10	10	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,115	530	580	1,125	535	585
Chinese languages	815	375	440	1,120	530	585
Cantonese	465	220	250	305	140	165
Hakka	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mandarin	275	125	155	710	335	380
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	35	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	300	155	140	0	0	0
Burmese	85	55	30	5	0	0
Karenic languages	210	95	110	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	65	65	65	30	30
Lao	95	50	45	60	30	30
Thai	40	15	20	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	25	25	160	75	85
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	5	0	5
Turkish	35	25	10	105	50	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	45	20	25
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Uralic languages	135	60	75	110	50	70
Estonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	10	0	5
Hungarian	130	60	65	105	45	60
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	5	5	0
Multiple responses	2,330	1,075	1,255	4,160	2,130	2,025
English and French	165	70	95	2,375	1,220	1,155
English and non-official language	2,070	970	1,100	405	205	195
French and non-official language	30	10	15	1,070	540	530
English, French and non-official language	60	25	35	305	165	140
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	82,255	40,720	41,535	170,835	84,455	86,380
Single responses	77,045	38,175	38,865	164,525	81,330	83,190
Official languages	67,670	33,520	34,145	155,815	76,990	78,825
English	67,440	33,405	34,030	21,965	10,895	11,065
French	225	115	110	133,855	66,090	67,760
Non-official languages	9,370	4,660	4,715	8,710	4,340	4,365
Aboriginal languages	255	125	135	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	205	95	105	0	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	180	80	95	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	55	20	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	105	50	55	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	20	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	25	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	25	25	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	55	25	30	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,115	4,535	4,585	8,705	4,340	4,365
Afro-Asiatic languages	780	405	375	845	425	420
Berber languages	0	0	0	130	70	65
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	45	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	15
Cushitic languages	120	65	55	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	70	40	35	0	0	0
Somali	40	25	15	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	665	340	320	710	355	350
Amharic	40	15	20	0	0	0
Arabic	480	255	230	700	350	345
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	65	30	35	0	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	520	245	275	165	85	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	60	25	30
Vietnamese	500	235	265	110	55	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,690	1,290	1,395	40	20	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	110	50	55	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	15	10
Malay	5	0	0	5	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,490	1,195	1,300	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	5	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	165	75	90
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	40	35	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	30	25	5	0	5
Tamil	10	5	5	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,935	2,035	1,905	6,270	3,140	3,135
Albanian	10	5	5	5	5	5
Armenian	0	5	0	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	730	350	380	1,710	840	870
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	5	0	0
Slavic languages	710	340	370	1,710	835	870
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	220	110	110
Croatian	25	10	15	15	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	15	5	5
Macedonian	15	5	5	5	5	5
Polish	60	25	30	235	115	120
Russian	210	105	110	1,095	535	560
Serbian	40	20	15	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ukrainian	325	155	170	85	40	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	45	40	50	25	25
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	5	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	70	40	35	45	20	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5	125	65	60
Indo-Iranian languages	2,465	1,295	1,165	540	285	260
Indo-Aryan languages	2,215	1,175	1,050	245	120	125
Bengali	575	310	265	90	45	50
Gujarati	65	40	30	10	10	5
Hindi	80	40	40	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	120	70	55	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	615	330	280	95	50	45
Sindhi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Urdu	745	380	365	35	10	20
Iranian languages	190	90	95	285	155	130
Kurdish	15	10	5	5	0	5
Pashto	80	35	45	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	95	45	45	285	150	130
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	625	330	300	3,830	1,925	1,905
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	215	105	105
Portuguese	35	20	20	380	180	200
Romanian	105	55	55	980	490	485
Spanish	465	245	220	2,260	1,140	1,115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	10	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	20	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	30	105	50	55
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	10	0	25	5	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	5	5	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	5
Yoruba	15	5	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dinka	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	15	35	20	15
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	10	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	800	365	440	885	445	445
Chinese languages	570	250	315	890	445	445
Cantonese	320	145	175	210	105	105
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	200	90	110	630	310	320
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	20	15	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	235	115	120	0	0	0
Burmese	55	30	25	0	0	0
Karenic languages	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	35	15	10	5
Lao	45	20	20	15	10	5
Thai	25	10	10	0	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	95	45	55
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkish	20	15	10	60	30	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	15
Uzbek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	35	10	20
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	15	30	15	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,210	2,540	2,670	6,310	3,125	3,190
English and French	115	60	55	2,515	1,250	1,260
English and non-official language	4,985	2,430	2,560	775	385	390
French and non-official language	15	5	5	2,300	1,120	1,185
English, French and non-official language	100	50	45	725	370	355
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	82,255	40,720	41,535	170,835	84,455	86,380
None	72,725	36,095	36,630	142,825	70,455	72,375
English	4,070	2,040	2,030	13,450	6,755	6,695
French	725	310	410	8,265	4,150	4,115
Non-official language	4,540	2,185	2,360	4,495	2,180	2,320
Aboriginal	695	315	385	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	3,845	1,870	1,975	4,485	2,180	2,305
English and French	15	10	10	755	420	340
English and non-official language	130	65	65	555	280	280
French and non-official language	50	20	30	450	215	240
English, French and non-official language	0	5	0	30	15	20
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	65,260	32,050	33,205	137,210	67,300	69,910
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	62,370	30,720	31,640	131,665	64,640	67,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,387	41,857	30,231	38,555	44,338	33,143
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	62,375	30,725	31,650	131,700	64,645	67,055
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,189	37,009	28,279	33,631	37,783	29,549
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	54,830	27,665	27,165	120,670	60,660	60,015
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,266	42,721	28,663	35,339	42,120	29,156
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	43,600	19,045	24,555	95,255	41,845	53,410
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,437	2,556	5,557	6,552	4,837	7,485
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	48,465	25,055	23,410	101,955	52,255	49,700
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,687	43,504	30,438	37,515	43,471	32,181
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	65,280	32,090	33,195	137,210	67,300	69,910
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,350	30,765	31,585	131,580	64,645	66,935
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	49,134	36,140	46,820	54,361	39,537
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,355	30,765	31,585	131,625	64,645	66,980
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,180	40,701	31,777	37,916	43,000	33,009
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,780	27,745	27,035	120,875	60,725	60,145
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,382	49,950	34,615	44,415	52,651	36,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	43,665	19,160	24,510	94,810	41,525	53,285
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,592	6,567	8,393	8,354	7,631	8,917
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,490	25,210	23,285	101,955	52,400	49,555
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,430	48,886	35,440	45,138	51,757	38,139
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	65,285	32,090	33,195	137,210	67,300	69,910
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	22,880	12,700	10,185	49,480	26,625	22,850
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,970	56,107	45,214	52,553	58,384	46,397
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	57,137	62,426	50,540	60,773	67,740	52,655
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.5	91.6	82.0	87.2	91.0	82.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.9	82.2	72.3	74.9	77.5	71.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.5	8.4	18.0	12.8	9.0	17.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	65,260	32,050	33,210	137,210	67,300	69,910
Without total income	2,890	1,325	1,565	5,545	2,660	2,885
With total income	62,365	30,725	31,645	131,665	64,640	67,020
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.9	95.3	96.0	96.0	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,845	3,650	4,195	14,535	6,155	8,380
$10,000 to $19,999	9,685	3,835	5,850	19,700	7,460	12,240
$20,000 to $29,999	9,180	3,505	5,675	17,595	7,370	10,220
$30,000 to $39,999	8,390	3,650	4,740	16,550	7,760	8,795
$40,000 to $49,999	7,655	3,690	3,960	15,885	7,665	8,220
$50,000 to $59,999	5,745	3,215	2,535	12,625	6,680	5,950
$60,000 to $69,999	4,035	2,515	1,520	9,580	5,375	4,205
$70,000 to $79,999	2,820	1,830	995	7,445	4,245	3,200
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	1,305	815	5,210	3,110	2,105
$90,000 to $99,999	1,460	965	500	3,460	2,290	1,175
$100,000 and over	3,435	2,570	865	9,070	6,540	2,530
$100,000 to $149,999	2,650	1,950	705	6,415	4,565	1,855
$150,000 and over	785	620	160	2,655	1,970	680
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	65,255	32,050	33,205	137,210	67,300	69,910
Without after-tax income	2,885	1,325	1,555	5,505	2,655	2,855
With after-tax income	62,370	30,725	31,645	131,700	64,645	67,055
Percentage with after-tax income	95.6	95.9	95.3	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,960	3,695	4,265	15,195	6,285	8,910
$10,000 to $19,999	10,135	4,020	6,110	20,880	8,000	12,880
$20,000 to $29,999	10,745	4,260	6,485	21,700	9,430	12,270
$30,000 to $39,999	10,650	4,895	5,755	22,520	11,015	11,500
$40,000 to $49,999	8,550	4,600	3,955	18,210	9,460	8,750
$50,000 to $59,999	5,450	3,285	2,165	12,895	7,340	5,555
$60,000 to $69,999	3,505	2,245	1,260	8,325	4,865	3,460
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150	1,340	810	4,730	3,085	1,645
$80,000 and over	3,235	2,390	850	7,260	5,170	2,085
$80,000 to $89,999	1,215	855	360	2,505	1,735	775
$90,000 to $99,999	745	550	200	1,415	1,015	400
$100,000 and over	1,275	990	285	3,335	2,430	915
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	65,260	32,050	33,205	137,210	67,300	69,910
Without employment income	16,795	6,995	9,800	35,250	15,040	20,210
With employment income	48,465	25,055	23,410	101,955	52,260	49,700
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.2	70.5	74.3	77.7	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,970	2,260	2,710	11,205	5,670	5,535
$5,000 to $9,999	3,240	1,320	1,920	6,985	2,940	4,050
$10,000 to $19,999	6,010	2,490	3,515	13,095	5,575	7,520
$20,000 to $29,999	5,860	2,470	3,390	11,135	4,780	6,350
$30,000 to $39,999	6,270	2,920	3,350	11,725	5,195	6,525
$40,000 to $49,999	5,915	2,995	2,920	11,010	5,290	5,715
$50,000 to $59,999	4,540	2,660	1,880	9,110	4,965	4,140
$60,000 to $69,999	3,315	2,135	1,175	7,310	4,230	3,080
$70,000 to $79,999	2,395	1,555	840	6,115	3,545	2,570
$80,000 and over	5,950	4,240	1,710	14,275	10,065	4,215
$80,000 to $89,999	1,805	1,150	650	4,070	2,680	1,390
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	865	415	2,860	1,970	895
$100,000 and over	2,870	2,230	640	7,345	5,415	1,920
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	33,015	...	...	66,260	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,399	...	...	78,596	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,301	...	...	66,339	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,075	...	...	15,220	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,460	...	...	37,617	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,762	...	...	32,748	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	22,945	...	...	51,045	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,182	...	...	92,854	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,805	...	...	77,807	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	33,015	...	...	66,265	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,352	...	...	92,972	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,321	...	...	75,315	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,085	...	...	15,220	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,976	...	...	45,323	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,165	...	...	36,912	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	22,935	...	...	51,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,344	...	...	107,180	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,020	...	...	86,766	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
Under $5,000	525	...	...	390	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	375	...	...	465	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	625	...	...	1,075	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,635	...	...	1,740	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,640	...	...	2,265	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,280	...	...	1,905	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,430	...	...	2,500	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,535	...	...	2,685	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,480	...	...	2,685	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,420	...	...	2,815	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,700	...	...	5,275	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,475	...	...	5,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,250	...	...	4,815	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,155	...	...	4,715	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,825	...	...	4,250	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,660	...	...	23,500	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,715	...	...	8,500	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,415	...	...	5,680	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,385	...	...	5,645	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,140	...	...	3,675	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	33,015	...	...	66,265	...	...
Under $5,000	535	...	...	455	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	380	...	...	480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1,100	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,695	...	...	1,860	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,760	...	...	2,560	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,505	...	...	2,390	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,700	...	...	3,175	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,865	...	...	3,415	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765	...	...	3,465	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,670	...	...	3,435	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,190	...	...	6,810	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,865	...	...	6,345	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	...	...	5,855	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,230	...	...	5,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,990	...	...	4,410	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,635	...	...	15,355	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,300	...	...	7,465	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,790	...	...	3,920	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,540	...	...	3,975	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	21,520	...	...	49,980	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,685	...	...	92,940	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,649	...	...	77,860	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,180	...	...	17,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,693	...	...	76,649	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,031	...	...	64,552	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	8,880	...	...	23,595	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,255	...	...	118,643	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,529	...	...	97,913	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,595	...	...	7,865	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,085	...	...	61,880	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,472	...	...	54,213	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	21,540	...	...	50,025	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,752	...	...	107,312	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,576	...	...	86,787	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,215	...	...	17,475	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,731	...	...	87,378	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,975	...	...	71,595	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	8,850	...	...	23,575	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,405	...	...	134,731	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,815	...	...	107,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,610	...	...	7,870	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,691	...	...	71,467	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,771	...	...	59,957	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	14,925	7,785	7,135	18,535	8,805	9,725
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,999	37,984	30,400	35,716	39,907	32,028
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,750	33,592	28,361	31,342	34,202	28,895
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	14,955	7,765	7,190	18,365	8,580	9,785
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,934	43,710	37,937	43,128	47,703	39,114
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,792	36,543	32,900	35,332	38,156	32,854
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	81,840	40,530	41,305	169,735	84,060	85,675
In the bottom half of the distribution	45,740	21,895	23,850	78,420	37,515	40,910
In the bottom decile	9,595	4,720	4,870	8,100	3,840	4,260
In the second decile	10,055	4,430	5,625	12,220	5,415	6,800
In the third decile	8,535	4,055	4,485	16,940	8,020	8,915
In the fourth decile	8,560	4,195	4,365	20,255	9,840	10,415
In the fifth decile	8,995	4,495	4,500	20,915	10,395	10,515
In the top half of the distribution	36,095	18,640	17,460	91,315	46,545	44,765
In the sixth decile	8,375	4,275	4,100	22,315	11,175	11,140
In the seventh decile	8,275	4,255	4,015	21,290	10,915	10,380
In the eighth decile	7,850	4,035	3,815	20,025	10,225	9,790
In the ninth decile	7,165	3,725	3,445	16,265	8,345	7,920
In the top decile	4,430	2,355	2,080	11,420	5,885	5,535
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	81,840	40,535	41,305	169,735	84,065	85,675
0 to 17 years	19,530	9,965	9,565	38,770	20,010	18,760
0 to 5 years	7,065	3,645	3,420	12,205	6,270	5,935
18 to 64 years	53,635	26,770	26,865	107,775	53,205	54,570
65 years and over	8,675	3,800	4,875	23,200	10,850	12,350
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,435	6,655	7,780	13,305	5,930	7,375
0 to 17 years	5,325	2,695	2,630	3,150	1,640	1,510
0 to 5 years	2,050	1,035	1,015	985	485	505
18 to 64 years	7,600	3,455	4,150	7,390	3,395	3,995
65 years and over	1,510	510	1,000	2,765	890	1,875
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.6	16.4	18.8	7.8	7.1	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	27.3	27.0	27.5	8.1	8.2	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	29.0	28.4	29.7	8.1	7.7	8.5
18 to 64 years (%)	14.2	12.9	15.4	6.9	6.4	7.3
65 years and over (%)	17.4	13.4	20.5	11.9	8.2	15.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,750	3,885	3,865	7,990	3,705	4,280
0 to 17 years	2,665	1,350	1,315	1,780	935	845
0 to 5 years	1,090	545	545	550	270	275
18 to 64 years	4,860	2,445	2,425	5,155	2,440	2,715
65 years and over	220	90	130	1,050	330	720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.5	9.6	9.4	4.7	4.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	13.6	13.5	13.7	4.6	4.7	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	15.4	15.0	15.9	4.5	4.3	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.0	4.8	4.6	5.0
65 years and over (%)	2.5	2.4	2.7	4.5	3.0	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	81,850	40,540	41,305	169,740	84,065	85,675
Official languages	80,470	39,915	40,550	168,950	83,735	85,220
English	80,430	39,910	40,520	101,575	52,620	48,955
French	4,300	2,005	2,295	161,215	79,970	81,245
Non-official languages	22,020	10,415	11,605	25,285	12,335	12,950
Aboriginal languages	1,815	715	1,100	65	45	25
Algonquian languages	1,500	610	890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,380	570	810	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	370	125	240	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	80	20	55	0	0	0
Woods Cree	100	60	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	825	360	465	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	135	50	90	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	140	50	90	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	270	85	185	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	275	85	185	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	275	85	185	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	60	45	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	40	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	25	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dakota	15	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,240	9,715	10,525	25,225	12,295	12,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,255	630	620	3,455	1,755	1,700
Berber languages	0	0	0	355	210	145
Kabyle	0	0	0	190	110	85
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	95	60
Cushitic languages	170	65	105	10	0	10
Bilen	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	115	45	65	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,120	585	535	3,270	1,655	1,620
Amharic	120	40	75	10	10	0
Arabic	830	465	365	3,150	1,590	1,555
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	45	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	60	30	35	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	15	25	115	60	55
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	140	55	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	910	455	455	365	180	185
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	40	30	125	60	65
Vietnamese	840	415	425	245	125	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	6,240	2,915	3,330	365	125	240
Bikol	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	460	190	260	20	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	175	85	85	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	120	55	65
Malay	35	20	10	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	25	20	10	10	0	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,010	2,805	3,205	215	55	160
Waray-Waray	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	10	0	0
Creole languages	30	20	15	1,260	610	655
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	45	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	1,125	540	580
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	105	50	55
Dravidian languages	165	110	50	45	30	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	110	75	35	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	15	45	25	15
Telugu	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,495	4,645	4,850	17,260	8,400	8,860
Albanian	15	10	10	25	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	115	65	55
Balto-Slavic languages	2,105	995	1,115	3,030	1,495	1,535
Baltic languages	25	15	10	10	0	0
Latvian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	2,080	980	1,105	3,030	1,495	1,530
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	20
Bosnian	35	25	15	25	10	15
Bulgarian	20	10	10	375	210	170
Croatian	70	40	25	70	40	25
Czech	10	10	0	30	15	15
Macedonian	25	10	15	20	0	15
Polish	220	110	110	580	270	310
Russian	710	330	380	1,975	955	1,020
Serbian	90	45	45	35	15	20
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	30	15	15
Slovak	0	10	0	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	15	10	0
Ukrainian	1,385	620	770	280	145	135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germanic languages	950	420	535	775	390	390
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	35	20	10	35	15	25
Dutch	85	35	45	95	50	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	780	330	450	605	305	300
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Norwegian	25	0	15	10	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	30	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	10	10	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10	595	330	270
Indo-Iranian languages	4,315	2,250	2,060	1,125	585	535
Indo-Aryan languages	4,050	2,115	1,925	690	360	330
Bengali	925	520	400	180	85	90
Gujarati	115	55	65	10	0	10
Hindi	865	465	400	195	95	105
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	10	0	10	0
Nepali	175	95	80	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,290	690	605	285	155	130
Sindhi	55	30	25	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	0	20	10	10
Urdu	1,880	920	960	125	85	45
Iranian languages	320	160	160	435	230	205
Kurdish	15	10	10	10	10	0
Pashto	80	45	35	20	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	235	110	125	420	220	205
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	20	30	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	2,275	1,065	1,210	12,285	5,870	6,415
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italian	220	115	105	2,400	1,290	1,110
Portuguese	190	80	105	1,120	570	540
Romanian	315	165	150	1,425	695	725
Spanish	1,590	725	865	7,880	3,590	4,295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	75	30	45	85	40	50
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	115	50	65	30	15	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	385	195	190	990	475	520
Akan (Twi)	30	20	15	15	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	20	0	20	60	30	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	40	15	25
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	55	20	35	15	0	10
Lingala	15	10	10	230	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	15	30	60	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	15	75	35	35
Shona	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swahili	105	60	45	155	80	80
Wolof	0	0	0	90	45	40
Yoruba	65	30	30	20	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	370	175	190
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	65	90	10	10	10
Dinka	40	15	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	50	70	10	0	0
Sign languages	245	70	175	205	105	100
American Sign Language	100	25	80	40	15	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	95	40	55
Sign languages, n.i.e.	140	45	95	65	45	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,225	575	650	1,470	730	740
Chinese languages	980	465	515	1,470	725	740
Cantonese	655	325	325	385	205	185
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	355	140	215	1,130	540	595
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	65	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	25	65	40	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	240	115	135	0	0	0
Burmese	80	35	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	165	75	90	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	55	75	70	25	45
Lao	90	40	45	50	20	30
Thai	45	15	25	30	15	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	130	70	60	230	120	110
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	10	10	10
Turkish	105	60	45	175	95	80
Uyghur	0	0	0	45	25	20
Uzbek	20	0	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	155	80	75	120	60	55
Estonian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10	10	10	10
Hungarian	125	70	60	115	55	55
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	35	20	15
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	81,850	40,540	41,305	169,740	84,060	85,675
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	71,660	35,500	36,165	165,925	82,270	83,655
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,130	8,700	8,430	38,125	19,600	18,525
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	54,530	26,800	27,735	127,800	62,675	65,130
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	10,190	5,040	5,145	3,815	1,790	2,020
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	81,845	40,545	41,305	169,735	84,065	85,675
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	64,355	31,765	32,590	150,535	74,655	75,875
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	16,555	8,290	8,260	18,680	9,140	9,535
Before 1981	1,650	850	805	4,060	2,075	1,990
1981 to 1990	750	400	345	2,010	1,010	1,000
1991 to 2000	1,360	720	640	3,360	1,560	1,805
2001 to 2010	5,635	2,815	2,820	7,040	3,500	3,540
2001 to 2005	1,190	605	585	3,035	1,545	1,500
2006 to 2010	4,445	2,210	2,235	4,000	1,960	2,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	7,160	3,510	3,650	2,205	1,000	1,205
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	940	485	455	525	265	260
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	16,555	8,290	8,260	18,680	9,140	9,535
Under 5 years	1,815	900	915	2,155	1,010	1,140
5 to 14 years	3,105	1,665	1,440	3,295	1,675	1,620
15 to 24 years	2,815	1,315	1,500	3,205	1,500	1,705
25 to 44 years	7,340	3,670	3,670	9,030	4,505	4,525
45 years and over	1,470	735	730	990	450	545
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	16,550	8,295	8,260	18,675	9,140	9,535
Americas	1,235	640	595	4,970	2,250	2,720
Brazil	20	0	20	220	115	105
Colombia	175	75	100	465	225	240
El Salvador	215	105	115	265	125	140
Guyana	25	10	15	115	55	55
Haiti	0	0	0	550	210	340
Jamaica	85	50	30	295	110	185
Mexico	60	40	25	340	160	180
Peru	25	10	15	360	155	205
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	0	205	90	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	280	150	130	490	190	300
Other places of birth in Americas	325	180	145	1,670	805	865
Europe	2,370	1,250	1,120	6,200	3,175	3,025
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	30	15	30	15	20
Croatia	55	40	20	25	20	10
France	0	0	0	1,130	615	510
Germany	195	90	105	215	100	110
Greece	10	10	0	150	85	65
Hungary	55	30	30	45	25	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	35	25	10	25	15	10
Italy	115	65	55	540	350	190
Netherlands	60	30	40	50	20	30
Poland	155	85	75	345	165	185
Portugal	85	45	40	400	220	185
Romania	155	80	70	865	415	445
Russian Federation	55	15	40	410	195	215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	70	45	25	15	10	0
Ukraine	545	270	270	370	185	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	520	280	245	360	160	200
Other places of birth in Europe	210	120	85	1,230	590	640
Africa	1,300	630	675	4,155	2,205	1,950
Algeria	0	0	0	800	425	375
Egypt	40	20	15	325	190	140
Ethiopia	150	60	90	10	10	0
Kenya	90	35	55	30	0	25
Morocco	35	15	25	860	455	405
Nigeria	145	70	75	55	20	35
Somalia	75	35	40	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	80	40	40	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	690	355	340	2,050	1,100	955
Asia	11,555	5,730	5,825	3,330	1,505	1,825
Afghanistan	85	20	65	90	50	40
Bangladesh	680	365	315	90	50	40
China^{Census data footnote 59}	430	185	245	865	310	555
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	90	60	30	90	55	30
India	905	490	415	235	120	110
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	115	75	40	170	75	95
Iraq	205	120	85	30	15	15
Japan	10	0	0	20	0	20
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	15	25	55	35	25
Lebanon	10	10	0	260	135	125
Pakistan	1,425	750	675	75	60	10
Philippines	5,745	2,680	3,065	205	55	145
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	50	20	25
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	240	140	100	45	15	25
Taiwan	15	10	0	70	45	25
Viet Nam	800	400	400	175	85	90
Other places of birth in Asia	760	405	365	825	380	445
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	85	45	45	20	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,160	3,515	3,645	2,205	1,000	1,205
Americas	340	170	175	570	250	325
Brazil	10	0	10	65	30	35
Colombia	25	10	20	75	35	40
Cuba	0	0	0	15	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0	75	30	50
Jamaica	45	25	15	0	0	0
Mexico	40	30	15	60	25	35
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	65	30	35	50	20	30
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	55	25	30
Other places of birth in Americas	160	70	90	180	80	100
Europe	515	260	250	590	270	315
France	0	0	0	150	80	70
Germany	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	50	25	25	85	40	45
Romania	25	0	20	30	15	20
Russian Federation	20	10	10	80	35	45
Ukraine	205	95	110	125	65	60
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	40	20	15	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	135	80	55	100	45	55
Africa	605	270	340	660	310	350
Algeria	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cameroon	15	10	10	130	65	60
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	15	25	15	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	45	25	25
Egypt	20	10	15	20	0	15
Eritrea	50	10	40	0	0	0
Ethiopia	65	35	30	0	0	0
Morocco	35	15	25	65	35	35
Nigeria	120	55	65	10	0	10
Somalia	45	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	85	45	45
Other places of birth in Africa	205	80	125	210	85	120
Asia	5,675	2,795	2,880	385	165	215
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bangladesh	400	205	195	0	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	110	55	55	110	30	80
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	0	0	0
India	545	300	240	30	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	50	35	20	10	0	10
Iraq	55	30	30	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	10	15	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nepal	55	40	15	0	0	0
Pakistan	780	385	395	10	0	10
Philippines	2,835	1,320	1,515	50	15	30
Saudi Arabia	25	15	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	215	135	85	0	10	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	370	165	200	25	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	190	90	105	100	50	50
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Australia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	81,850	40,540	41,305	169,735	84,060	85,675
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	17,740	8,910	8,825	19,610	9,645	9,970
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	10,535	5,060	5,475	17,400	8,950	8,450
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	53,570	26,570	27,000	132,725	65,470	67,255
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	15,055	7,560	7,500	14,855	7,180	7,680
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	9,870	4,975	4,890	8,620	4,425	4,195
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,760	2,345	1,410	3,800	2,355	1,445
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,110	2,630	3,480	4,820	2,070	2,745
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,370	1,060	1,310	3,745	1,485	2,260
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,760	1,490	1,270	2,280	1,150	1,125
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	60	30	30	215	120	105
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	81,845	40,545	41,305	169,735	84,060	85,675
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,140	7,280	7,865	2,645	1,345	1,300
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,870	7,150	7,725	2,480	1,270	1,215
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	8,855	4,120	4,735	1,585	825	765
Métis	5,995	3,020	2,975	880	430	445
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	10	20	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	205	90	115	70	35	40
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	60	35	30	90	45	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	66,710	33,265	33,440	167,095	82,715	84,375
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	81,845	40,545	41,305	169,735	84,060	85,675
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	8,180	3,830	4,355	1,130	610	520
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	73,670	36,720	36,955	168,605	83,455	85,155
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	81,845	40,545	41,305	169,735	84,065	85,675
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,660	3,105	3,550	1,370	680	690
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,190	2,880	3,310	1,345	665	680
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,035	2,320	2,715	1,135	540	595
Métis single ancestry	1,150	555	595	195	110	85
Inuit single ancestry	0	10	0	20	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	470	225	240	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	465	225	240	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	7,835	3,890	3,940	5,435	2,600	2,835
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	7,185	3,585	3,600	5,365	2,545	2,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,780	1,850	1,930	4,770	2,235	2,535
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,390	1,725	1,660	570	295	275
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	25	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	645	310	340	75	50	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	615	295	325	65	55	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	10	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	67,355	33,540	33,815	162,930	80,785	82,150
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	81,850	40,540	41,305	169,735	84,060	85,675
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	18,320	9,145	9,170	18,285	9,145	9,145
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	4,420	2,335	2,080	1,095	600	495
Chinese	1,015	485	530	1,940	890	1,050
Black	1,905	965	940	6,680	3,350	3,335
Filipino	6,765	3,190	3,575	390	170	220
Latin American	945	480	465	2,905	1,425	1,475
Arab	505	280	225	3,060	1,585	1,470
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,420	745	675	710	335	375
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	335	165	165	455	235	220
Korean	100	40	65	95	50	45
Japanese	60	35	25	85	35	55
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	140	60	80	340	195	145
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	715	370	345	530	275	260
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	63,530	31,400	32,135	151,450	74,920	76,530
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	81,845	40,545	41,305	169,735	84,065	85,675
North American Aboriginal origins	14,495	7,000	7,495	6,800	3,280	3,525
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,925	4,700	5,225	5,990	2,840	3,155
Inuit	60	30	35	50	35	15
Métis	5,645	2,815	2,830	855	465	385
Other North American origins	15,330	7,675	7,660	105,585	51,945	53,640
Acadian	45	20	25	760	380	380
American	815	380	435	900	440	460
Canadian	14,745	7,375	7,365	101,155	49,735	51,415
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	45	30	20
Newfoundlander	0	10	0	10	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ontarian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Québécois	0	0	0	4,225	2,115	2,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	15	10	0
European origins	50,975	25,265	25,710	72,650	36,065	36,585
British Isles origins	26,935	13,340	13,590	22,350	10,595	11,755
Channel Islander	0	0	0	20	15	0
Cornish	0	0	10	0	0	0
English	15,165	7,310	7,855	7,375	3,475	3,900
Irish	10,240	4,960	5,280	13,085	6,215	6,870
Manx	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	12,190	5,990	6,205	6,675	3,105	3,565
Welsh	1,220	600	620	335	140	195
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,040	510	530	1,035	455	585
French origins	8,840	4,395	4,445	42,565	21,145	21,420
Alsatian	0	0	0	20	0	10
Breton	0	0	0	180	95	90
Corsican	0	0	0	20	10	10
French	8,840	4,395	4,440	42,405	21,060	21,340
Western European origins (except French origins)	20,890	10,270	10,615	5,980	2,965	3,020
Austrian	745	335	405	340	210	135
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	270	145	130	1,260	600	660
Dutch	2,260	1,120	1,140	515	255	260
Flemish	35	10	20	35	20	20
Frisian	20	10	10	0	10	0
German	18,870	9,310	9,560	3,575	1,745	1,830
Luxembourger	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	255	110	140	535	285	245
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	6,705	3,245	3,455	595	310	280
Danish	565	270	295	150	80	65
Finnish	255	115	145	90	45	40
Icelandic	480	250	235	15	0	0
Norwegian	4,290	2,035	2,250	160	65	95
Swedish	1,615	745	865	125	75	50
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	235	145	90	95	45	45
Eastern European origins	18,185	8,885	9,305	6,925	3,500	3,425
Bulgarian	45	20	30	415	225	190
Byelorussian	15	10	0	150	70	80
Czech	260	135	125	165	85	80
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	220	85	130	45	20	30
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,630	750	875	485	235	245
Latvian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	65	45	20	160	90	75
Moldovan	135	70	65	260	125	130
Polish	4,125	1,960	2,170	1,930	990	940
Romanian	745	340	410	1,585	775	805
Russian	3,175	1,555	1,625	1,395	690	705
Slovak	90	45	45	100	50	45
Ukrainian	11,680	5,795	5,875	1,465	765	700
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	15	10	10	10	10	10
Southern European origins	2,950	1,425	1,530	12,920	6,675	6,245
Albanian	20	20	10	20	10	10
Bosnian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	215	110	105	195	105	95
Cypriot	0	0	0	20	10	15
Greek	115	65	45	1,140	620	520
Italian	1,170	565	610	8,145	4,120	4,025
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	35	10	25	30	20	10
Maltese	25	10	10	65	30	35
Montenegrin	10	0	0	10	0	10
Portuguese	355	150	205	1,835	950	880
Serbian	90	55	30	65	35	35
Sicilian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Slovenian	65	25	40	60	50	10
Spanish	870	395	480	2,190	1,210	980
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	80	40	40	30	15	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other European origins	395	200	200	530	240	290
Basque	10	15	0	65	20	45
Jewish	135	70	70	300	140	165
Roma (Gypsy)	25	10	15	20	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	10	10	20	10	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	200	95	110	130	55	70
Caribbean origins	430	245	195	4,010	1,950	2,065
Antiguan	0	0	0	45	15	30
Bahamian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Barbadian	0	0	0	425	205	220
Bermudan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Carib	10	0	0	10	0	10
Cuban	25	20	10	165	90	70
Dominican	15	10	0	240	95	140
Grenadian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haitian	20	0	10	1,530	690	850
Jamaican	270	170	100	770	400	375
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	20	15	10
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	10	10	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	15	25	365	155	210
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	0	280	135	145
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	20	0	10	275	150	125
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	40	20	20	120	50	65
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,090	495	595	4,275	2,130	2,145
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	40	30	95	30	65
Arawak	0	0	0	15	0	10
Argentinian	25	10	20	80	35	45
Belizean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	55	35	20
Brazilian	15	0	10	215	105	115
Chilean	120	45	75	430	195	230
Colombian	205	85	120	640	340	300
Costa Rican	0	0	0	15	0	0
Ecuadorian	35	25	0	40	20	20
Guatemalan	50	25	30	305	135	165
Guyanese	30	10	25	170	110	65
Hispanic	20	10	10	20	10	15
Honduran	10	0	10	85	35	50
Maya	30	15	20	45	25	20
Mexican	215	100	115	720	350	370
Nicaraguan	10	10	0	80	50	30
Panamanian	0	0	0	75	50	30
Paraguayan	10	10	0	20	10	10
Peruvian	75	35	40	620	290	330
Salvadorean	190	85	105	420	225	190
Uruguayan	15	15	0	10	0	10
Venezuelan	10	0	10	175	85	90
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	30	20	10	200	90	110
African origins	2,025	1,070	955	6,845	3,500	3,350
Central and West African origins	355	190	170	1,845	985	860
Akan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	80	35	45
Burkinabe	0	0	0	60	35	30
Cameroonian	50	25	20	500	255	245
Chadian	0	0	0	35	20	20
Congolese	45	25	25	455	230	225
Edo	0	0	0	10	15	0
Ewe	0	0	0	55	20	35
Gabonese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	20	25	65	35	35
Guinean	20	10	10	100	70	35
Ibo	70	35	40	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	130	85	45
Liberian	25	10	15	10	10	0
Malian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	50	35	65	35	30
Peulh	0	0	0	25	10	15
Senegalese	0	0	0	110	55	60
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	10	155	95	60
Wolof	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	10	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	105	55	50
North African origins	405	240	160	3,395	1,755	1,640
Algerian	0	0	0	905	470	440
Berber	10	0	10	365	190	175
Coptic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Dinka	25	10	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	15	10	660	345	320
Libyan	10	0	0	10	0	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	10	10	1,195	615	580
Sudanese	320	205	115	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	380	195	185
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	60	25	30
Southern and East African origins	850	400	455	730	360	370
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Burundian	45	20	25	80	45	35
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	220	80	140	0	0	0
Ethiopian	180	100	80	10	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	25	15	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	175	85	95
Mauritian	10	0	0	140	55	85
Oromo	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	170	95	75
Seychellois	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	130	50	75	20	10	10
South African	80	55	30	0	10	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	10	10	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	160	80	75	50	25	30
Other African origins	515	310	210	985	465	520
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	20	25	180	90	95
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	485	295	195	870	415	460
Asian origins	15,895	7,885	8,015	8,030	3,980	4,055
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,360	700	665	3,070	1,590	1,480
Afghan	145	50	95	130	80	55
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	180	105	75	785	385	400
Armenian	15	10	10	265	145	115
Assyrian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	10	0	0	15	10	0
Iranian	200	110	90	360	190	170
Iraqi	210	105	100	30	10	25
Israeli	0	0	0	110	65	50
Jordanian	0	0	0	60	35	30
Kazakh	0	0	10	20	0	15
Kurd	15	10	0	0	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	40	25	15
Lebanese	160	75	85	760	395	370
Palestinian	20	10	10	220	100	110
Pashtun	40	30	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Syrian	215	105	105	220	115	110
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	40	10	25
Turk	135	75	60	225	125	100
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	35	25	10
Uzbek	20	0	10	30	10	25
Yemeni	10	0	0	20	15	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	20	10	40	30	0
South Asian origins	4,335	2,285	2,050	1,340	720	615
Bangladeshi	540	300	240	120	65	55
Bengali	170	110	60	25	15	10
Bhutanese	100	60	40	0	0	0
East Indian	2,015	1,050	965	930	480	450
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	55	30	25	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,325	675	645	135	95	40
Punjabi	255	130	130	55	20	35
Sinhalese	15	0	10	15	10	10
Sri Lankan	50	30	20	55	35	20
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	195	100	100	25	15	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	10,115	4,860	5,255	3,790	1,785	2,010
Burmese	135	55	80	25	15	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	40	45	185	90	95
Chinese	1,825	890	935	2,455	1,155	1,300
Filipino	7,130	3,385	3,745	510	240	270
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	25	10	10	0	0
Japanese	105	50	55	145	50	100
Karen	125	60	65	0	0	0
Korean	105	45	65	100	55	50
Laotian	175	85	90	110	50	60
Malaysian	20	0	20	20	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	50	20	25
Thai	85	40	45	50	30	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,010	515	495	450	230	215
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	210	85	120	35	10	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	210	90	120	35	10	25
Oceania origins	105	55	55	50	25	20
Australian	45	40	10	40	25	15
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	60	15	45	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	25	0	25	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	10	0	0	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	33,015	...	...	66,265	...	...
Owner	20,085	...	...	52,250	...	...
Renter	12,930	...	...	14,015	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
Condominium	3,855	...	...	7,000	...	...
Not condominium	29,170	...	...	59,265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	140	...	...
1 bedroom	5,275	...	...	4,805	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,235	...	...	16,985	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,855	...	...	26,125	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,455	...	...	18,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,220	...	...	14,520	...	...
5 rooms	5,915	...	...	9,590	...	...
6 rooms	4,530	...	...	8,725	...	...
7 rooms	4,035	...	...	10,710	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,315	...	...	22,715	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,930	...	...	65,985	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,085	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
Suitable	30,665	...	...	64,890	...	...
Not suitable	2,355	...	...	1,375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
1960 or before	8,310	...	...	7,845	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,135	...	...	19,700	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,320	...	...	11,645	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,615	...	...	10,050	...	...
2001 to 2005	580	...	...	5,760	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,755	...	...	6,395	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,305	...	...	4,870	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	33,020	...	...	66,265	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	30,890	...	...	63,100	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,135	...	...	3,165	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	33,020	...	...	66,260	...	...
1 household maintainer	20,270	...	...	36,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	11,680	...	...	29,400	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,070	...	...	790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	33,020	...	...	66,260	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,540	...	...	1,250	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,805	...	...	8,010	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,275	...	...	13,365	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,485	...	...	15,440	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,880	...	...	13,425	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,375	...	...	9,210	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,965	...	...	4,325	...	...
85 years and over	695	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	32,995	...	...	66,130	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	23,620	...	...	55,140	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,380	...	...	10,985	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,370	...	...	10,085	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,085	...	...	52,150	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	71.3	...	...	69.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,316	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,284	...	...	1,213	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,924	...	...	269,605	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	313,055	...	...	299,132	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,930	...	...	14,015	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	24.5	...	...	9.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.7	...	...	33.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	786	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,054	...	...	821	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	65,285	32,090	33,195	137,210	67,300	69,910
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,025	6,850	6,175	25,170	13,070	12,105
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,110	10,920	10,190	33,830	16,160	17,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,145	14,320	16,830	78,205	38,075	40,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,370	4,445	1,925	23,720	14,340	9,380
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,900	1,590	1,310	16,725	8,815	7,915
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,475	2,855	620	6,990	5,525	1,465
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	11,135	4,020	7,120	24,780	10,760	14,025
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,685	730	955	4,880	1,990	2,885
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,955	5,130	6,830	24,825	10,980	13,845
Bachelor's degree	8,790	3,635	5,155	17,225	7,345	9,880
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	530	260	270	2,470	1,100	1,370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	110	180	495	260	235
Master's degree	1,945	850	1,095	4,265	2,010	2,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	405	275	125	370	265	105
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	46,055	22,990	23,065	92,855	45,255	47,595
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,040	3,440	2,605	10,535	5,975	4,555
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	14,230	7,660	6,575	20,135	9,585	10,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,785	11,890	13,895	62,190	29,695	32,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,945	3,515	1,435	18,550	10,890	7,660
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,290	1,310	980	13,135	6,655	6,485
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,660	2,205	455	5,415	4,240	1,175
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,090	3,365	5,725	18,315	8,000	10,320
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,275	560	715	3,810	1,505	2,305
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,475	4,450	6,025	21,510	9,300	12,210
Bachelor's degree	7,660	3,180	4,480	14,990	6,345	8,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	215	245	2,070	845	1,220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	75	150	395	180	215
Master's degree	1,775	745	1,035	3,735	1,710	2,020
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	345	235	115	320	220	100
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	65,285	32,090	33,195	137,210	67,300	69,910
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	34,135	17,770	16,370	59,010	29,225	29,780
Education	2,270	625	1,645	5,300	1,060	4,235
13. Education	2,270	625	1,640	5,300	1,065	4,235
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	525	560	2,545	1,175	1,370
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	175	85	435	325	115
50. Visual and performing arts	825	350	475	2,105	850	1,260
Humanities	1,450	640	810	3,480	1,280	2,200
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	95	20	70	450	75	375
23. English language and literature/letters	320	105	215	170	45	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	310	110	205	2,070	855	1,220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	15	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	85	35	110	60	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	375	220	155	155	70	85
54. History	205	90	115	160	85	75
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	10	360	90	270
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,715	895	1,825	7,065	2,060	5,005
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	20	95	45	20	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	65	80	925	280	645
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	540	75	470	1,560	120	1,445
22. Legal professions and studies	445	155	285	1,395	425	975
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	75	20	55	95	40	60
42. Psychology	490	150	345	905	195	710
45. Social sciences	920	410	505	2,140	990	1,150
Business, management and public administration	6,575	1,925	4,645	19,505	6,915	12,590
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	20	10	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	680	145	535	660	105	550
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,875	1,780	4,095	18,840	6,805	12,035
Physical and life sciences and technologies	975	485	490	2,380	1,390	985
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	250	295	685	300	385
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	40	50	500	315	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	315	135	180
40. Physical sciences	255	170	85	725	520	205
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	25	60	160	120	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,200	710	490	3,435	2,515	920
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	970	645	320	3,010	2,305	705
25. Library science	140	10	130	125	20	115
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	35	35	255	160	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	10	40	30	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,720	6,165	555	17,680	16,230	1,450
04. Architecture and related services	135	70	55	485	270	220
14. Engineering	1,125	940	185	3,115	2,505	615
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,080	925	155	3,125	2,860	255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,780	1,700	85	4,260	4,125	140
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,695	1,650	50	4,125	4,010	120
48. Precision production	915	890	20	2,570	2,465	110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	675	375	300	920	455	470
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	525	290	235	725	325	400
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	90	60	200	130	70
Health and related fields	5,050	815	4,235	9,340	1,540	7,800
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	325	125	205	550	265	285
51. Health professions and related programs	4,645	655	3,990	8,705	1,230	7,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	30	45	80	45	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,420	1,155	1,270	6,540	3,440	3,100
12. Personal and culinary services	1,565	440	1,120	3,310	755	2,555
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	40	35	10
43. Security and protective services	330	245	85	1,780	1,375	400
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	445	65	1,395	1,260	135
Other	0	0	0	15	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	15	10	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	46,060	22,990	23,065	92,855	45,260	47,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	20,270	11,100	9,175	30,665	15,560	15,105
Education	1,795	470	1,325	3,830	700	3,130
13. Education	1,795	470	1,330	3,830	700	3,130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	920	455	475	1,940	890	1,055
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	130	75	330	240	90
50. Visual and performing arts	715	320	395	1,615	650	960
Humanities	1,195	510	680	2,215	840	1,375
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	80	20	60	355	60	290
23. English language and literature/letters	265	85	180	145	30	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	95	165	1,165	545	620
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	70	25	70	40	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	150	130	80	40	40
54. History	185	80	105	110	55	55
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	280	65	215
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,405	795	1,610	5,795	1,675	4,120
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	20	90	40	20	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	60	80	720	225	495
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	470	65	405	1,265	75	1,190
22. Legal professions and studies	375	130	245	1,205	345	860
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	20	45	40	20	25
42. Psychology	410	120	285	765	180	590
45. Social sciences	830	375	455	1,760	820	935
Business, management and public administration	5,435	1,660	3,775	16,380	5,595	10,785
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	10	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	125	465	560	75	490
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,830	1,535	3,295	15,810	5,515	10,300
Physical and life sciences and technologies	815	415	405	1,505	870	630
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	215	245	565	245	320
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	35	40	270	165	100
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	35	15	25
40. Physical sciences	215	145	70	515	370	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	115	80	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,025	610	420	3,095	2,245	845
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	865	575	290	2,780	2,105	675
25. Library science	100	0	95	95	15	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	25	195	110	90
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	0	30	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,500	5,035	465	13,815	12,510	1,305
04. Architecture and related services	110	60	50	420	240	180
14. Engineering	995	835	160	2,760	2,190	570
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	945	805	140	2,545	2,320	230
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,380	1,330	55	3,055	2,930	125
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,380	1,340	45	3,030	2,925	100
48. Precision production	690	675	15	2,000	1,900	95
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	320	280	770	365	400
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	475	250	225	605	260	350
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	70	50	160	105	55
Health and related fields	4,170	655	3,510	7,500	1,170	6,330
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	255	95	160	465	215	255
51. Health professions and related programs	3,845	535	3,310	6,975	925	6,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	65	25	40	60	30	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,930	965	965	5,330	2,825	2,505
12. Personal and culinary services	1,210	365	840	2,650	605	2,045
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	25	15	10
43. Security and protective services	260	185	75	1,450	1,120	330
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	400	45	1,195	1,075	120
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	65,285	32,090	33,195	137,210	67,300	69,910
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,135	17,770	16,365	59,010	29,225	29,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	31,145	14,320	16,830	78,205	38,075	40,130
Location of study inside Canada	24,755	11,115	13,645	71,900	34,770	37,125
Same as province or territory of residence	20,515	8,965	11,545	70,090	33,730	36,365
Different than province or territory of residence	4,245	2,145	2,095	1,810	1,045	770
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,390	3,210	3,180	6,305	3,305	3,000
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	370	225	150	410	200	205
Philippines	2,675	1,200	1,475	105	25	80
India	525	275	250	50	30	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	135	75	190	120	70
China^{Census data footnote 162}	115	45	70	270	135	135
France	20	15	0	840	505	335
Other	2,470	1,305	1,160	4,445	2,280	2,165
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	46,060	22,990	23,065	92,855	45,260	47,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,270	11,100	9,175	30,665	15,560	15,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	25,785	11,895	13,895	62,190	29,695	32,495
Location of study inside Canada	19,945	8,960	10,985	56,855	26,990	29,865
Same as province or territory of residence	16,470	7,230	9,245	55,435	26,195	29,245
Different than province or territory of residence	3,475	1,740	1,740	1,420	800	620
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,840	2,930	2,910	5,335	2,705	2,630
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	300	190	115	335	165	170
Philippines	2,560	1,155	1,405	85	15	70
India	515	265	245	45	30	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	155	100	55	120	80	40
China^{Census data footnote 162}	110	45	60	235	115	120
France	15	10	0	705	405	300
Other	2,195	1,160	1,035	3,815	1,895	1,910
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	65,285	32,090	33,195	137,210	67,300	69,910
In the labour force	45,255	23,730	21,520	94,885	48,630	46,255
Employed	41,505	21,535	19,980	89,375	45,480	43,890
Unemployed	3,745	2,200	1,550	5,515	3,145	2,365
Not in the labour force	20,030	8,360	11,675	42,325	18,675	23,650
Participation rate	69.3	73.9	64.8	69.2	72.3	66.2
Employment rate	63.6	67.1	60.2	65.1	67.6	62.8
Unemployment rate	8.3	9.3	7.2	5.8	6.5	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	65,285	32,085	33,195	137,210	67,300	69,910
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	18,405	7,565	10,840	39,725	17,130	22,595
Worked	46,880	24,530	22,355	97,485	50,170	47,315
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	23,490	13,085	10,400	50,320	27,235	23,085
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,390	11,440	11,950	47,170	22,940	24,230
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.0	42.2	43.8	44.0	43.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	45,255	23,735	21,525	94,885	48,625	46,255
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	920	435	490	1,870	925	945
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	44,335	23,300	21,035	93,015	47,705	45,305
Employee	40,825	21,170	19,655	83,715	42,080	41,635
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,510	2,130	1,375	9,295	5,625	3,675
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	45,255	23,730	21,520	94,885	48,630	46,255
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	920	435	485	1,870	925	950
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	44,335	23,300	21,035	93,010	47,700	45,310
0 Management occupations	3,295	1,790	1,500	10,280	6,370	3,910
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,985	1,790	4,195	17,215	4,725	12,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,245	1,690	560	6,385	5,030	1,360
3 Health occupations	3,105	440	2,665	6,015	885	5,130
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,640	1,490	3,150	10,440	2,675	7,760
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	345	445	2,345	1,085	1,260
6 Sales and service occupations	12,300	5,125	7,175	21,450	9,915	11,535
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,100	8,445	645	14,220	13,455	765
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	970	815	155	775	630	145
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,905	1,365	540	3,880	2,935	950
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	45,255	23,735	21,525	94,885	48,625	46,255
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	920	435	485	1,870	925	950
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	44,335	23,295	21,040	93,015	47,705	45,310
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	505	335	170	615	405	215
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,155	950	205	180	145	30
22 Utilities	170	130	40	885	620	270
23 Construction	4,440	4,015	425	6,095	5,255	840
31-33 Manufacturing	3,190	2,405	780	9,980	7,235	2,740
41 Wholesale trade	1,860	1,420	440	4,475	3,030	1,445
44-45 Retail trade	5,330	2,485	2,840	11,965	5,730	6,235
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,565	1,975	595	6,000	4,355	1,650
51 Information and cultural industries	745	350	405	2,755	1,530	1,220
52 Finance and insurance	1,060	275	785	4,990	1,765	3,225
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	785	525	255	1,470	860	615
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,010	1,070	945	6,380	3,340	3,035
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	80	120	85	35	45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,760	1,045	715	3,780	2,420	1,360
61 Educational services	3,275	1,200	2,075	6,470	1,555	4,920
62 Health care and social assistance	5,950	995	4,960	11,200	1,630	9,565
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	770	350	425	1,850	1,015	840
72 Accommodation and food services	4,215	1,600	2,620	4,775	2,190	2,580
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,290	1,065	1,225	3,895	1,755	2,145
91 Public administration	2,055	1,035	1,020	5,175	2,850	2,320
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	41,510	21,530	19,975	89,375	45,480	43,895
Worked at home	1,695	790	905	5,140	2,390	2,750
Worked outside Canada	70	45	30	200	155	40
No fixed workplace address	5,795	4,415	1,380	8,030	6,130	1,900
Worked at usual place	33,945	16,280	17,660	76,005	36,805	39,195
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	33,950	16,285	17,665	76,005	36,810	39,200
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,210	14,440	16,765	12,165	5,010	7,150
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,510	970	540	13,650	5,980	7,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,010	735	280	50,060	25,745	24,315
Commute to a different province or territory	215	135	75	130	70	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	39,740	20,695	19,045	84,035	42,940	41,100
Car, truck, van - as a driver	30,795	17,105	13,695	68,355	36,640	31,720
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,905	900	2,010	3,010	1,050	1,960
Public transit	2,455	905	1,545	9,730	3,820	5,915
Walked	2,255	1,035	1,220	1,915	830	1,085
Bicycle	640	390	250	425	315	110
Other method	690	360	330	595	280	310
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	39,740	20,695	19,045	84,035	42,935	41,095
Less than 15 minutes	13,370	6,255	7,115	18,990	8,385	10,605
15 to 29 minutes	20,115	10,715	9,400	23,570	12,010	11,555
30 to 44 minutes	3,920	2,340	1,580	21,105	12,025	9,075
45 to 59 minutes	985	500	490	10,985	5,885	5,100
60 minutes and over	1,355	890	460	9,385	4,635	4,750
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	39,745	20,695	19,045	84,035	42,935	41,100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,165	1,530	630	8,220	6,195	2,030
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,500	4,790	2,705	18,190	10,390	7,800
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,025	6,310	5,710	24,790	10,900	13,890
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,430	3,015	4,415	13,140	5,245	7,895
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,770	1,565	2,200	7,160	2,910	4,250
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,860	3,485	3,375	12,530	7,300	5,230
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	48,435	25,230	23,200	99,735	51,155	48,580
Single responses	48,085	25,075	23,010	89,710	45,870	43,845
Official languages	47,710	24,910	22,800	89,495	45,765	43,730
English	47,585	24,850	22,735	11,785	6,100	5,685
French	125	60	65	77,705	39,665	38,045
Non-official languages	380	170	210	220	100	120
Aboriginal languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	370	170	205	220	105	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	15	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	20	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	15	15	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	70	50	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	70	45	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20	25	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	10	50	90	40	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	45	20	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	40	20	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0	20	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0	20	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	15	0	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	20	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	0	10
Romanian	0	0	10	10	0	10
Spanish	15	10	15	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	40	40	85	45	45
Chinese languages	70	40	35	90	45	40
Cantonese	35	20	20	25	10	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15	55	30	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	350	155	195	10,025	5,290	4,735
English and French	55	30	25	9,560	5,070	4,490
English and non-official language	295	120	170	105	60	45
French and non-official language	0	0	0	125	70	55
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	240	90	150
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	48,435	25,235	23,200	99,735	51,160	48,580
None	46,740	24,435	22,305	57,435	29,285	28,150
English	230	95	140	33,615	17,370	16,245
French	225	100	125	7,665	3,970	3,700
Non-official language	1,205	585	625	635	370	260
Aboriginal	100	25	70	15	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	1,110	560	545	620	365	255
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	285	110	175
French and non-official language	30	20	10	100	50	50
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	80,605	39,850	40,755	168,020	83,165	84,855
Non-movers	65,695	32,570	33,125	153,085	76,030	77,050
Movers	14,915	7,280	7,630	14,940	7,130	7,810
Non-migrants	10,820	5,275	5,550	5,615	2,670	2,945
Migrants	4,090	2,005	2,085	9,325	4,465	4,860
Internal migrants	2,695	1,315	1,385	8,845	4,230	4,615
Intraprovincial migrants	1,780	855	920	8,690	4,155	4,545
Interprovincial migrants	920	455	465	150	80	75
External migrants	1,390	690	695	480	235	245
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	75,935	37,545	38,390	159,865	79,125	80,735
Non-movers	38,345	18,960	19,380	109,775	54,805	54,970
Movers	37,590	18,585	19,000	50,085	24,320	25,760
Non-migrants	23,390	11,510	11,880	19,305	9,320	9,985
Migrants	14,200	7,070	7,125	30,780	15,000	15,780
Internal migrants	8,110	4,115	3,995	28,790	14,060	14,730
Intraprovincial migrants	4,690	2,340	2,350	28,220	13,775	14,440
Interprovincial migrants	3,420	1,775	1,645	570	280	290
External migrants	6,090	2,960	3,135	1,990	940	1,050

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatoon West [Federal electoral district], Saskatchewan and Roussillon, MRC [Census division], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatoon West [Federal electoral district], Saskatchewan and Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatoon West [Federal electoral district], Saskatchewan and Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatoon West [Federal electoral district], Saskatchewan and Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec