Census Profile, 2016 Census
Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Division No. 9, CDR Saskatchewan [Census division]			Lake Cowichan, T British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan Map : Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan Change geography 1			Data quality : Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,634	...	...	3,226	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	35,314	...	...	2,974	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.9	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	18,041	...	...	1,534	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	15,297	...	...	1,474	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.3	...	...	389.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15,281.80	...	...	8.29	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,635	17,635	18,000	3,225	1,600	1,625
0 to 14 years	6,365	3,270	3,095	435	195	235
0 to 4 years	2,035	1,055	980	145	65	85
5 to 9 years	2,255	1,125	1,125	150	70	85
10 to 14 years	2,070	1,090	985	135	65	75
15 to 64 years	21,255	10,765	10,485	2,050	1,020	1,025
15 to 19 years	2,035	1,055	980	175	95	80
20 to 24 years	1,725	910	815	140	70	65
25 to 29 years	1,865	945	915	145	75	75
30 to 34 years	1,895	945	945	140	75	65
35 to 39 years	2,015	985	1,030	190	100	95
40 to 44 years	1,985	985	1,000	215	105	110
45 to 49 years	2,125	1,070	1,060	195	100	95
50 to 54 years	2,485	1,245	1,245	240	125	115
55 to 59 years	2,655	1,365	1,290	305	140	165
60 to 64 years	2,470	1,260	1,210	305	145	160
65 years and over	8,015	3,600	4,420	740	380	360
65 to 69 years	2,240	1,100	1,140	300	165	135
70 to 74 years	1,740	810	930	190	95	95
75 to 79 years	1,510	695	815	125	65	60
80 to 84 years	1,130	505	620	65	30	35
85 years and over	1,400	490	910	55	25	35
85 to 89 years	790	310	480	30	20	20
90 to 94 years	465	150	310	20	5	15
95 to 99 years	120	20	105	5	0	0
100 years and over	20	5	20	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.5	17.2	13.5	12.2	14.5
15 to 64 years	59.6	61.0	58.3	63.6	63.8	63.1
65 years and over	22.5	20.4	24.6	22.9	23.8	22.2
85 years and over	3.9	2.8	5.1	1.7	1.6	2.2
Average age of the population	43.4	42.2	44.6	45.7	45.8	45.5
Median age of the population	44.8	43.5	46.1	49.5	49.5	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	15,300	...	...	1,470	...	...
Single-detached house	12,640	...	...	1,200	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	2,290	...	...	260	...	...
Semi-detached house	395	...	...	25	...	...
Row house	350	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	70	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,440	...	...	155	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	370	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
1 person	4,940	...	...	445	...	...
2 persons	5,825	...	...	615	...	...
3 persons	1,765	...	...	205	...	...
4 persons	1,610	...	...	150	...	...
5 or more persons	1,160	...	...	65	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,840	...	...	3,225	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,270	14,365	14,905	2,790	1,405	1,390
Married or living common law	17,560	8,815	8,745	1,635	815	820
Married	14,940	7,505	7,435	1,230	610	620
Living common law	2,620	1,310	1,305	400	200	195
Not married and not living common law	11,710	5,545	6,160	1,160	590	570
Never married	6,745	3,990	2,760	650	390	260
Separated	675	305	375	100	55	45
Divorced	1,630	795	840	235	105	130
Widowed	2,660	465	2,185	170	40	130
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	10,140	...	...	980	...	...
2 persons	5,910	...	...	625	...	...
3 persons	1,750	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	1,570	...	...	120	...	...
5 or more persons	905	...	...	45	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	10,140	...	...	980	...	...
Total couple families	8,590	...	...	810	...	...
Married couples	7,285	...	...	610	...	...
Common-law couples	1,310	...	...	200	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,545	...	...	170	...	...
Female parent	1,180	...	...	130	...	...
Male parent	370	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,595	...	...	810	...	...
Couples without children	4,985	...	...	510	...	...
Couples with children	3,605	...	...	300	...	...
1 child	1,360	...	...	155	...	...
2 children	1,420	...	...	105	...	...
3 or more children	825	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,545	...	...	170	...	...
1 child	925	...	...	120	...	...
2 children	390	...	...	35	...	...
3 or more children	230	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,525	3,195	3,330	680	360	315
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	15,295	...	...	1,475	...	...
One-census-family households	9,780	...	...	940	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	4,890	...	...	495	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,890	...	...	450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	175	...	...	25	...	...
Non-census-family households	5,340	...	...	515	...	...
One-person households	4,940	...	...	445	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	400	...	...	65	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	35,030	17,405	17,625	3,225	1,600	1,630
English only	34,225	17,060	17,170	3,105	1,535	1,570
French only	5	0	10	0	0	5
English and French	700	300	405	115	60	55
Neither English nor French	90	45	45	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	35,025	17,400	17,625	3,225	1,600	1,625
English	34,770	17,280	17,480	3,180	1,570	1,610
French	160	65	95	40	20	15
English and French	15	10	5	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	85	40	40	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	165	75	95	40	25	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.5	0.4	0.5	1.2	1.6	0.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	35,025	17,405	17,625	3,225	1,600	1,625
Single responses	34,465	17,150	17,315	3,210	1,590	1,620
Official languages	30,080	15,040	15,040	3,065	1,520	1,540
English	29,920	14,975	14,945	3,025	1,500	1,525
French	155	60	90	40	25	15
Non-official languages	4,395	2,115	2,280	145	65	85
Aboriginal languages	210	90	115	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	200	90	115	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	75	100	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	175	75	95	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,180	2,015	2,160	145	65	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	715	355	360	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	25	25	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	600	305	295	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,155	1,510	1,650	115	50	60
Albanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,280	1,065	1,220	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,280	1,060	1,220	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	95	45	55	5	0	0
Russian	195	95	100	0	0	0
Serbian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,955	895	1,050	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	590	290	300	45	20	25
Afrikaans	30	20	10	5	0	5
Danish	10	5	0	0	5	5
Dutch	55	30	25	15	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	490	230	255	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	20	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	170	100	70	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	160	90	70	25	10	15
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	55	35	15	0	0	0
Hindi	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	30	20	20	5	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	35	40	25	10	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	10	5	5
Portuguese	5	0	5	5	0	0
Romanian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Spanish	50	20	25	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	55	5	5	0
Chinese languages	110	55	55	10	5	0
Cantonese	40	15	25	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	25	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	5	25	10	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	10	25	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	560	250	310	15	10	5
English and French	25	5	15	5	5	5
English and non-official language	520	240	280	15	5	5
French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	35,030	17,405	17,625	3,225	1,600	1,625
Single responses	34,095	16,995	17,100	3,185	1,575	1,605
Official languages	32,985	16,420	16,565	3,165	1,565	1,600
English	32,955	16,405	16,550	3,160	1,565	1,600
French	30	15	10	5	0	5
Non-official languages	1,110	570	535	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,095	565	530	15	10	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	370	190	180	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	175	160	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	530	270	260	10	5	5
Albanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	115	115	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	230	115	115	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	175	80	90	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	85	75	0	0	0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	140	75	60	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	50	45	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	85	45	40	5	0	5
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	20	5	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	15	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	15	15	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	35	5	0	5
Chinese languages	75	35	35	5	5	0
Cantonese	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	935	415	525	40	20	15
English and French	20	5	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	910	400	510	35	20	20
French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	35,030	17,400	17,625	3,225	1,600	1,625
None	32,985	16,400	16,585	3,120	1,550	1,565
English	495	255	235	5	5	5
French	120	45	75	30	15	15
Non-official language	1,400	685	720	70	25	45
Aboriginal	180	100	85	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	1,220	585	635	60	20	40
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	5	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,490	14,075	14,415	2,785	1,400	1,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,520	13,615	13,910	2,705	1,365	1,335
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,084	37,926	27,825	26,752	33,520	22,259
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,530	13,620	13,915	2,705	1,365	1,335
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,706	34,196	26,238	24,864	30,071	21,387
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,780	12,505	12,270	2,270	1,170	1,100
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,571	36,563	24,205	23,040	29,013	18,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,940	8,930	11,015	2,130	1,020	1,105
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,649	6,912	8,030	9,292	11,029	8,293
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,260	10,740	9,520	1,775	940	835
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,949	35,995	27,244	24,282	29,984	19,952
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	28,490	14,025	14,470	2,810	1,425	1,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,505	13,545	13,965	2,730	1,385	1,340
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,795	47,773	35,996	33,549	40,310	26,563
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,515	13,550	13,965	2,730	1,385	1,345
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,478	39,463	31,611	29,436	34,625	24,073
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,730	12,435	12,290	2,265	1,160	1,105
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,427	46,062	32,713	31,124	38,649	23,253
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,045	9,010	11,035	2,195	1,065	1,130
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,716	8,236	9,108	9,589	10,463	8,764
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,260	10,715	9,545	1,785	945	840
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,213	44,491	33,288	30,762	37,434	23,284
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	28,490	14,025	14,465	2,810	1,425	1,385
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,740	5,595	4,140	660	390	270
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,428	47,723	42,231	40,515	44,659	34,182
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	52,348	55,419	48,202	45,317	50,619	37,719
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.6	88.6	79.4	78.1	80.9	73.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.2	73.2	63.8	61.2	64.2	57.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.4	11.4	20.6	21.9	19.1	26.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	28,490	14,080	14,415	2,785	1,400	1,390
Without total income	970	465	510	80	30	50
With total income	27,525	13,615	13,910	2,705	1,370	1,340
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.7	96.5	97.1	97.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,450	1,595	1,855	455	195	270
$10,000 to $19,999	5,310	2,245	3,065	560	230	330
$20,000 to $29,999	4,250	1,735	2,515	465	200	260
$30,000 to $39,999	3,460	1,545	1,920	350	165	185
$40,000 to $49,999	2,965	1,455	1,510	245	130	115
$50,000 to $59,999	2,165	1,185	985	180	100	80
$60,000 to $69,999	1,515	945	570	130	85	45
$70,000 to $79,999	1,125	715	410	95	75	20
$80,000 to $89,999	930	580	350	75	60	15
$90,000 to $99,999	645	410	235	40	35	5
$100,000 and over	1,700	1,215	485	105	85	15
$100,000 to $149,999	1,295	910	385	95	75	15
$150,000 and over	405	310	100	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	28,495	14,075	14,420	2,790	1,400	1,390
Without after-tax income	965	460	500	85	30	50
With after-tax income	27,530	13,615	13,915	2,705	1,370	1,335
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.7	96.5	97.0	97.9	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,540	1,625	1,910	475	195	275
$10,000 to $19,999	5,480	2,335	3,150	585	250	335
$20,000 to $29,999	4,875	2,040	2,835	545	235	315
$30,000 to $39,999	4,190	1,955	2,235	380	205	180
$40,000 to $49,999	3,280	1,705	1,570	240	120	115
$50,000 to $59,999	2,130	1,330	800	175	115	60
$60,000 to $69,999	1,380	850	530	130	105	25
$70,000 to $79,999	1,030	625	410	80	65	10
$80,000 and over	1,625	1,145	475	95	75	20
$80,000 to $89,999	625	400	225	35	30	5
$90,000 to $99,999	340	245	90	30	25	5
$100,000 and over	665	500	160	30	25	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	28,495	14,075	14,415	2,785	1,400	1,385
Without employment income	8,235	3,335	4,895	1,015	460	550
With employment income	20,260	10,740	9,520	1,775	940	835
Percentage with employment income	71.1	76.3	66.0	63.7	67.1	60.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,140	1,635	1,510	400	210	190
$5,000 to $9,999	1,600	755	845	155	70	85
$10,000 to $19,999	2,755	1,280	1,475	235	90	140
$20,000 to $29,999	2,410	1,060	1,350	220	95	125
$30,000 to $39,999	2,325	1,080	1,245	200	85	120
$40,000 to $49,999	2,070	1,075	995	140	70	70
$50,000 to $59,999	1,505	845	655	105	65	40
$60,000 to $69,999	1,110	695	410	90	65	25
$70,000 to $79,999	795	545	255	65	50	10
$80,000 and over	2,550	1,770	780	160	135	25
$80,000 to $89,999	750	465	285	45	40	10
$90,000 to $99,999	525	340	180	40	35	10
$100,000 and over	1,280	960	315	75	65	10
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	15,300	...	...	1,470	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	58,747	...	...	53,440	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,214	...	...	48,512	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,945	...	...	445	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,716	...	...	27,776	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,509	...	...	25,941	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,360	...	...	1,030	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,067	...	...	65,829	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,448	...	...	59,758	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	15,295	...	...	1,470	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,155	...	...	62,090	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,815	...	...	54,477	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,955	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,663	...	...	37,673	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,205	...	...	32,829	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,340	...	...	1,055	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,685	...	...	71,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,006	...	...	63,062	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,110	...	...	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	945	...	...	100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	675	...	...	80	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	925	...	...	90	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	755	...	...	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	695	...	...	80	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	660	...	...	65	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,170	...	...	145	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,075	...	...	120	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	985	...	...	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	850	...	...	95	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	710	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,900	...	...	270	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,460	...	...	130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	955	...	...	80	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	960	...	...	50	...	...
$200,000 and over	525	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,135	...	...	75	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,015	...	...	110	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	780	...	...	105	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	975	...	...	100	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	895	...	...	90	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	785	...	...	80	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	725	...	...	85	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,380	...	...	155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,295	...	...	130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,055	...	...	115	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	920	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	740	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,715	...	...	175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,315	...	...	105	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	705	...	...	45	...	...
$150,000 and over	695	...	...	25	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	10,105	...	...	980	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,046	...	...	66,389	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,785	...	...	59,955	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,850	...	...	480	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,530	...	...	61,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,721	...	...	55,851	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,635	...	...	305	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,112	...	...	88,917	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,861	...	...	79,616	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,425	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,952	...	...	41,216	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,648	...	...	38,272	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	10,125	...	...	975	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,805	...	...	71,607	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,214	...	...	62,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,855	...	...	515	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,887	...	...	65,514	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,153	...	...	57,861	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,620	...	...	270	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,181	...	...	92,932	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,121	...	...	80,802	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,415	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,480	...	...	50,302	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,933	...	...	44,303	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,855	2,850	3,005	600	330	275
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,328	31,680	25,114	24,320	25,920	23,840
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,943	28,597	24,334	23,552	24,256	23,437
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,775	2,710	3,060	635	350	285
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,898	43,200	36,975	34,145	38,758	28,464
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,687	35,253	32,300	29,848	32,953	26,024
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	34,840	17,335	17,505	3,225	1,595	1,625
In the bottom half of the distribution	19,645	9,450	10,190	2,090	1,005	1,075
In the bottom decile	3,765	1,915	1,855	465	240	225
In the second decile	5,085	2,220	2,865	450	205	245
In the third decile	3,935	1,885	2,055	450	205	245
In the fourth decile	3,495	1,725	1,765	400	200	200
In the fifth decile	3,365	1,715	1,655	320	160	160
In the top half of the distribution	15,195	7,880	7,315	1,135	590	545
In the sixth decile	3,405	1,760	1,650	285	150	135
In the seventh decile	3,305	1,725	1,580	285	140	150
In the eighth decile	3,245	1,665	1,580	280	145	135
In the ninth decile	2,980	1,550	1,430	180	100	80
In the top decile	2,255	1,175	1,075	105	55	50
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,460	16,645	16,805	3,220	1,600	1,625
0 to 17 years	7,010	3,605	3,405	550	260	285
0 to 5 years	2,270	1,175	1,095	175	80	95
18 to 64 years	19,150	9,680	9,470	1,935	955	975
65 years and over	7,300	3,365	3,935	740	380	355
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,760	2,665	3,095	660	325	330
0 to 17 years	1,450	720	730	140	70	70
0 to 5 years	560	280	275	50	25	20
18 to 64 years	2,600	1,315	1,280	395	190	205
65 years and over	1,710	630	1,085	120	65	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.2	16.0	18.4	20.5	20.3	20.3
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.0	21.4	25.5	26.9	24.6
0 to 5 years (%)	24.7	23.8	25.1	28.6	31.3	21.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	13.6	13.5	20.4	19.9	21.0
65 years and over (%)	23.4	18.7	27.6	16.2	17.1	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,740	905	840	325	175	145
0 to 17 years	495	225	270	65	30	30
0 to 5 years	205	95	110	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	1,105	595	505	245	135	110
65 years and over	145	75	70	15	15	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.4	5.0	10.1	10.9	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	6.2	7.9	11.8	11.5	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.1	10.0	11.4	12.5	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.1	5.3	12.7	14.1	11.3
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.2	1.8	2.0	3.9	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	34,840	17,330	17,510	3,220	1,625	1,600
Official languages	34,745	17,290	17,450	3,225	1,620	1,595
English	34,730	17,295	17,435	3,225	1,625	1,600
French	710	285	425	120	70	50
Non-official languages	5,350	2,420	2,930	240	90	150
Aboriginal languages	325	155	170	35	20	15
Algonquian languages	300	140	165	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	260	115	140	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	260	115	145	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,025	2,275	2,755	200	70	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	40	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	900	410	490	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	25	30	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	15	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	885	400	480	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	25	35	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,705	1,680	2,030	175	65	110
Albanian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,740	1,190	1,545	20	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,735	1,190	1,550	20	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	110	50	65	0	0	0
Russian	265	110	155	10	0	0
Serbian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,435	1,055	1,385	20	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	610	305	300	75	20	55
Afrikaans	30	20	15	10	0	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	50	30	15	15	0	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	535	260	275	40	20	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	125	80	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	205	120	80	30	15	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	40	35	0	0	0
Hindi	130	80	50	0	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	60	30	25	10	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	30	85	35	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	10	10	10	0
Romanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Spanish	85	20	60	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	40	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	25	50	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	15	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	20	10	15	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	15	45	0	0	0
Chinese languages	60	20	45	0	0	0
Cantonese	30	0	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	10	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	34,840	17,335	17,510	3,220	1,620	1,600
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	33,235	16,545	16,690	3,190	1,610	1,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,215	3,725	3,490	485	250	240
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	26,020	12,815	13,205	2,705	1,360	1,340
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,605	785	815	35	10	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	34,840	17,330	17,510	3,220	1,625	1,600
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	32,400	16,165	16,240	3,000	1,515	1,485
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,170	1,030	1,140	215	110	110
Before 1981	385	200	190	150	85	65
1981 to 1990	135	60	70	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	95	40	50	20	0	15
2001 to 2010	490	200	285	30	10	20
2001 to 2005	45	20	25	25	10	20
2006 to 2010	445	180	260	10	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,075	535	540	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	265	135	130	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,170	1,035	1,140	220	110	110
Under 5 years	255	120	135	20	0	10
5 to 14 years	390	190	205	50	30	20
15 to 24 years	390	200	190	80	25	55
25 to 44 years	990	445	540	65	40	25
45 years and over	145	75	65	15	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,170	1,030	1,140	220	105	110
Americas	155	70	85	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	115	50	65	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	705	345	355	180	90	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	10	0	0
Germany	65	10	55	15	0	10
Greece	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	55	25	25	15	0	15
Poland	95	45	45	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	10	10	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	10	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	210	105	100	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	140	65	75	115	60	60
Other places of birth in Europe	75	45	30	10	0	10
Africa	180	90	90	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	65	30	35	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	30	35	0	0	0
Asia	1,125	525	600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	50	15	35	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	170	105	65	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	810	365	440	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	10	15	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,075	535	545	10	0	0
Americas	30	15	15	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	120	50	70	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	100	50	55	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	70	40	35	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	855	430	425	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	10	0	0	0	0
India	160	95	65	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	25	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	625	300	325	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	34,840	17,330	17,505	3,220	1,625	1,595
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,525	1,215	1,310	255	130	125
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,255	2,040	2,220	515	240	275
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	28,060	14,080	13,980	2,450	1,255	1,205
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,790	835	955	65	20	40
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,495	740	760	35	0	30
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	615	370	245	15	10	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	880	370	515	20	0	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	265	80	190	35	20	15
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	34,835	17,335	17,505	3,220	1,625	1,600
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,405	2,060	2,345	310	180	125
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	4,330	2,025	2,310	295	180	120
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	3,175	1,455	1,720	170	90	80
Métis	1,150	565	585	130	90	45
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	40	25	15	10	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	30,435	15,270	15,165	2,910	1,440	1,470
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	34,840	17,335	17,510	3,225	1,625	1,600
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,105	1,445	1,660	115	55	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,735	15,890	15,845	3,110	1,570	1,540
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	34,840	17,335	17,505	3,225	1,620	1,595
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,635	1,220	1,415	90	50	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,590	1,195	1,395	90	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,360	1,080	1,275	75	50	25
Métis single ancestry	230	110	120	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	35	20	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,630	810	815	265	125	135
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,530	755	775	255	125	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	775	350	420	145	65	80
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	755	400	350	110	55	55
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	95	55	40	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	55	45	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	30,580	15,305	15,275	2,865	1,445	1,420
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	34,840	17,330	17,505	3,220	1,625	1,600
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,750	820	930	130	50	80
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	280	160	120	80	40	40
Chinese	80	25	50	10	0	0
Black	245	85	165	0	0	0
Filipino	980	475	510	15	0	20
Latin American	10	0	10	0	0	10
Arab	50	30	30	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	30	20	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	10	10	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	33,090	16,515	16,575	3,095	1,575	1,520
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	34,840	17,335	17,505	3,225	1,620	1,595
North American Aboriginal origins	4,260	2,030	2,235	355	180	180
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,275	1,515	1,760	230	120	115
Inuit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Métis	1,125	590	530	145	70	75
Other North American origins	6,170	3,080	3,090	1,015	545	470
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	260	115	145	50	40	15
Canadian	6,000	3,000	3,005	970	515	460
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	27,170	13,585	13,580	2,605	1,270	1,340
British Isles origins	11,290	5,645	5,640	1,920	935	985
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	10	0	0	0
English	7,285	3,600	3,685	1,210	575	640
Irish	3,580	1,825	1,750	610	285	325
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	4,830	2,345	2,480	930	385	540
Welsh	420	200	220	70	30	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	275	130	145	90	45	45
French origins	2,475	1,110	1,355	525	250	280
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	2,470	1,115	1,360	530	245	280
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,600	4,790	4,810	660	325	335
Austrian	610	320	290	55	10	35
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	215	130	90	20	0	10
Dutch	855	385	475	160	90	65
Flemish	10	0	10	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	8,445	4,200	4,245	440	225	220
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	145	80	65	10	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,340	1,695	1,645	340	135	205
Danish	280	110	170	50	20	30
Finnish	80	50	35	45	10	30
Icelandic	445	220	220	20	0	15
Norwegian	1,715	915	800	115	45	70
Swedish	1,095	540	550	185	75	110
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	135	50	85	10	0	10
Eastern European origins	15,685	7,875	7,810	455	210	245
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Czech	170	70	95	20	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	95	60	40	10	10	0
Estonian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,165	560	600	30	10	20
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	3,925	1,920	2,005	135	65	75
Romanian	325	180	140	10	0	10
Russian	1,640	845	795	70	10	55
Slovak	35	10	25	10	0	10
Ukrainian	12,220	6,205	6,015	225	120	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	490	205	285	175	115	60
Albanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	35	20	25	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	65	35	30	0	0	0
Italian	185	85	100	100	65	30
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	20	10	30	15	15
Serbian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Spanish	100	15	85	35	30	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	85	40	50	35	15	25
Basque	0	0	0	0	10	0
Jewish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	35	10	25	20	10	15
Caribbean origins	35	10	25	10	10	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	25	10	20	0	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	35	20	20	10	10	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	320	130	185	15	0	15
Central and West African origins	140	50	90	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	55	20	40	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	15	30	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	70	40	35	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tunisian	25	10	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	50	30	20	10	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	35	20	15	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	55	10	45	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	50	10	45	0	0	0
Asian origins	1,540	755	780	160	80	80
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	70	40	30	15	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	35	20	15	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	10	0	10	0	10
South Asian origins	315	175	140	80	35	40
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	260	160	105	60	30	30
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	20	0	15	20	0	10
Punjabi	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,150	540	610	65	35	35
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	125	45	85	15	10	10
Filipino	975	470	505	40	15	25
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	35	20	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	20	20	10	10	10	0
Australian	10	0	0	0	10	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	20	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	15,295	...	...	1,475	...	...
Owner	11,765	...	...	1,090	...	...
Renter	3,180	...	...	380	...	...
Band housing	350	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
Condominium	515	...	...	135	...	...
Not condominium	14,785	...	...	1,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,245	...	...	135	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,490	...	...	325	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,845	...	...	565	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,650	...	...	450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,905	...	...	260	...	...
5 rooms	2,550	...	...	255	...	...
6 rooms	2,555	...	...	270	...	...
7 rooms	2,235	...	...	190	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,045	...	...	495	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	15,295	...	...	1,475	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,110	...	...	1,470	...	...
More than 1 person per room	185	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
Suitable	14,830	...	...	1,430	...	...
Not suitable	470	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	15,295	...	...	1,475	...	...
1960 or before	4,470	...	...	520	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,185	...	...	335	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,030	...	...	105	...	...
1991 to 2000	885	...	...	290	...	...
2001 to 2005	405	...	...	80	...	...
2006 to 2010	655	...	...	90	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	665	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	15,295	...	...	1,475	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,730	...	...	1,310	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,565	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	15,295	...	...	1,475	...	...
1 household maintainer	9,990	...	...	940	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,160	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	145	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	15,300	...	...	1,475	...	...
15 to 24 years	530	...	...	35	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,775	...	...	140	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,190	...	...	165	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,730	...	...	265	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,905	...	...	350	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,520	...	...	300	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,820	...	...	165	...	...
85 years and over	825	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,595	...	...	1,470	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,085	...	...	1,065	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,510	...	...	410	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,180	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,535	...	...	1,090	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	46.1	...	...	60.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.2	...	...	20.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	605	...	...	902	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	864	...	...	1,003	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,082	...	...	259,754	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	233,899	...	...	313,587	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,105	...	...	385	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	26.2	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.9	...	...	51.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	760	...	...	874	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	817	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	28,490	14,025	14,465	2,810	1,425	1,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,525	3,895	3,625	585	305	280
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	9,070	4,710	4,355	990	490	500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,900	5,420	6,480	1,240	630	610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,055	2,115	945	335	260	70
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,450	775	670	155	110	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,610	1,335	280	180	150	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,825	1,640	3,180	555	205	350
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	820	310	505	105	45	60
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,200	1,355	1,850	240	115	125
Bachelor's degree	2,575	1,055	1,520	155	70	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	155	80	80	10	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	65	45	0	0	0
Master's degree	345	155	195	65	25	40
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	0	10	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	17,395	8,725	8,670	1,740	895	850
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,540	1,585	950	280	165	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,940	3,125	2,810	650	355	290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,920	4,020	4,900	810	375	440
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,090	1,460	625	210	165	40
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	980	545	435	95	75	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,110	920	185	115	95	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,710	1,260	2,450	415	135	280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	505	230	275	60	15	40
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,610	1,060	1,555	135	60	75
Bachelor's degree	2,095	815	1,280	90	45	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	55	60	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	60	45	0	0	0
Master's degree	290	125	165	40	10	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	28,490	14,025	14,465	2,810	1,425	1,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	16,590	8,605	7,985	1,575	795	780
Education	1,320	405	910	90	20	70
13. Education	1,315	405	910	95	20	70
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	155	85	70	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	50	10	0	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	30	60	10	10	10
Humanities	310	155	155	65	30	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	15	20	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	25	35	20	15	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	100	60	10	10	10
54. History	30	10	15	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	545	140	405	110	30	80
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	15	20	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	215	15	195	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	85	40	40	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	75	10	60	35	15	20
45. Social sciences	120	50	65	30	10	20
Business, management and public administration	2,330	635	1,700	190	40	145
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	250	60	185	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,075	570	1,505	180	40	140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160	75	85	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	20	55	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	15	10	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	35	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	20	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	220	100	115	35	35	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	100	80	35	30	0
25. Library science	20	0	20	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,590	2,475	110	370	350	25
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	10
14. Engineering	230	205	25	30	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	310	285	25	70	60	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	765	750	20	105	100	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	895	870	25	140	135	0
48. Precision production	390	375	15	25	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	700	515	185	35	20	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	615	460	160	20	20	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	55	25	15	0	10
Health and related fields	2,615	365	2,250	225	35	185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	90	60	30	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	2,505	290	2,215	215	35	175
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	10	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	965	465	500	90	55	40
12. Personal and culinary services	630	160	470	60	20	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	120	95	25	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	210	10	20	20	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	17,395	8,725	8,665	1,745	895	850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,480	4,710	3,770	930	520	410
Education	815	245	565	55	10	50
13. Education	815	245	570	55	0	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115	70	50	15	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	70	25	50	15	0	10
Humanities	245	120	130	20	20	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	10	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	10	25	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	75	55	10	10	0
54. History	25	10	15	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	445	115	330	95	30	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	15	20	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	10	165	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	70	35	35	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	55	10	45	30	15	15
45. Social sciences	100	40	60	25	10	10
Business, management and public administration	1,810	515	1,300	145	25	110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	35	165	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,605	480	1,130	130	25	105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	60	75	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	10	50	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	15	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	30	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	95	100	15	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160	85	75	15	20	0
25. Library science	15	0	15	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,835	1,740	95	225	210	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	10
14. Engineering	185	165	20	10	15	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	220	195	25	50	40	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	540	525	20	70	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	600	585	15	70	70	0
48. Precision production	290	275	15	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	430	155	20	10	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	515	385	130	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	50	25	15	0	10
Health and related fields	2,040	290	1,750	165	25	140
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	65	35	25	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	1,960	240	1,720	155	25	130
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	10	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	695	350	345	50	30	20
12. Personal and culinary services	435	115	325	40	20	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	95	80	15	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	160	0	10	10	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	28,490	14,025	14,465	2,815	1,425	1,390
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,590	8,610	7,985	1,575	795	775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	11,900	5,420	6,480	1,240	630	610
Location of study inside Canada	10,710	4,840	5,865	1,175	590	585
Same as province or territory of residence	8,230	3,700	4,525	850	415	435
Different than province or territory of residence	2,480	1,140	1,340	325	170	155
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,195	575	615	60	40	25
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	160	80	80	20	10	10
Philippines	440	180	260	0	0	10
India	150	90	60	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	45	25	20	25	20	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	10	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	385	195	190	15	10	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	17,395	8,725	8,665	1,745	895	850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,480	4,710	3,765	935	520	410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	8,915	4,020	4,900	810	375	435
Location of study inside Canada	7,820	3,510	4,310	770	355	420
Same as province or territory of residence	6,010	2,655	3,355	600	280	325
Different than province or territory of residence	1,815	855	960	170	75	95
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,095	505	590	40	25	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	130	60	70	15	10	10
Philippines	425	180	250	10	0	10
India	140	80	60	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20	10	15	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	10	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	360	170	190	10	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	28,495	14,030	14,465	2,815	1,425	1,390
In the labour force	18,235	9,840	8,395	1,590	840	755
Employed	17,030	9,060	7,970	1,395	755	640
Unemployed	1,205	780	425	195	80	110
Not in the labour force	10,255	4,185	6,070	1,220	590	635
Participation rate	64.0	70.1	58.0	56.5	58.9	54.3
Employment rate	59.8	64.6	55.1	49.6	53.0	46.0
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.9	5.1	12.3	9.5	14.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	28,495	14,025	14,465	2,815	1,425	1,385
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,230	3,780	5,455	1,200	550	650
Worked	19,260	10,245	9,015	1,610	875	735
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	10,095	5,760	4,340	690	410	285
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,165	4,485	4,680	920	465	455
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.1	41.5	40.9	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	18,235	9,835	8,400	1,595	840	750
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	280	170	110	75	15	60
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	17,955	9,670	8,290	1,515	825	690
Employee	14,600	7,400	7,200	1,310	695	610
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,355	2,270	1,085	205	130	80
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	18,235	9,840	8,400	1,590	835	755
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	280	170	105	75	15	60
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	17,960	9,665	8,290	1,515	825	690
0 Management occupations	3,420	2,340	1,080	115	70	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,000	480	1,515	165	20	145
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	425	335	90	80	60	20
3 Health occupations	1,500	215	1,280	80	20	60
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,720	495	1,225	145	40	100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	265	90	175	25	0	25
6 Sales and service occupations	3,835	1,445	2,385	445	170	275
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,050	2,910	140	305	295	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,170	935	235	95	75	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	570	415	150	75	70	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	18,235	9,835	8,395	1,590	840	755
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	280	170	110	75	15	60
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	17,955	9,665	8,285	1,515	820	695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,825	2,065	760	75	70	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	315	40	20	15	0
22 Utilities	100	80	15	10	10	0
23 Construction	1,485	1,295	185	190	165	20
31-33 Manufacturing	1,100	835	265	110	110	10
41 Wholesale trade	545	435	115	35	35	0
44-45 Retail trade	2,300	1,115	1,185	240	85	160
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	710	600	110	25	15	10
51 Information and cultural industries	235	145	95	10	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	560	155	400	25	0	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195	100	95	25	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	400	200	200	105	55	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	505	260	245	85	45	45
61 Educational services	1,140	320	820	60	15	50
62 Health care and social assistance	2,685	420	2,265	150	25	125
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	320	180	140	30	10	20
72 Accommodation and food services	935	320	615	150	60	90
81 Other services (except public administration)	735	370	370	60	25	35
91 Public administration	835	460	370	110	70	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,030	9,060	7,970	1,395	755	640
Worked at home	2,735	1,755	980	115	55	60
Worked outside Canada	25	15	10	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,055	1,700	350	315	245	70
Worked at usual place	12,215	5,585	6,635	965	455	510
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	12,220	5,585	6,640	965	450	510
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,900	3,440	4,465	330	135	205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,380	1,580	1,800	485	225	255
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	795	510	285	140	85	50
Commute to a different province or territory	145	60	85	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	14,270	7,285	6,990	1,285	700	580
Car, truck, van - as a driver	12,225	6,455	5,775	1,060	600	465
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	795	330	465	90	55	40
Public transit	75	50	20	10	0	10
Walked	930	305	630	85	25	55
Bicycle	65	45	20	10	10	10
Other method	175	95	80	25	15	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	14,270	7,285	6,985	1,280	695	580
Less than 15 minutes	8,780	4,195	4,590	365	160	210
15 to 29 minutes	2,800	1,395	1,400	305	180	125
30 to 44 minutes	1,360	725	635	335	150	180
45 to 59 minutes	475	325	150	85	55	30
60 minutes and over	855	645	205	195	150	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	14,270	7,285	6,985	1,280	700	585
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	985	690	295	155	110	45
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,595	1,515	1,085	230	155	75
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,305	2,285	2,020	295	175	120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,220	1,255	1,970	230	75	155
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,250	460	790	140	55	85
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,915	1,085	830	235	130	105
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	19,785	10,495	9,295	1,685	930	760
Single responses	19,715	10,450	9,260	1,690	925	760
Official languages	19,685	10,435	9,250	1,690	925	765
English	19,670	10,430	9,240	1,685	925	760
French	10	0	15	0	0	0
Non-official languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	45	30	0	0	0
English and French	20	10	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	50	35	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	19,790	10,495	9,295	1,685	925	760
None	19,470	10,345	9,130	1,680	930	750
English	35	15	20	0	0	0
French	25	10	10	0	0	0
Non-official language	260	130	135	10	0	10
Aboriginal	20	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	240	115	120	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	34,415	17,135	17,285	3,195	1,610	1,590
Non-movers	30,055	14,970	15,085	2,630	1,295	1,335
Movers	4,365	2,165	2,195	570	310	255
Non-migrants	2,055	1,000	1,055	220	120	95
Migrants	2,305	1,165	1,140	345	190	155
Internal migrants	2,115	1,075	1,030	330	190	145
Intraprovincial migrants	1,560	795	770	295	170	125
Interprovincial migrants	555	290	265	40	20	20
External migrants	195	85	110	15	0	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	32,850	16,280	16,565	3,070	1,555	1,515
Non-movers	21,890	10,920	10,965	1,800	860	935
Movers	10,960	5,360	5,600	1,270	695	580
Non-migrants	4,445	2,150	2,300	385	230	155
Migrants	6,515	3,210	3,300	885	465	420
Internal migrants	5,525	2,705	2,825	880	465	415
Intraprovincial migrants	3,970	1,930	2,045	745	400	350
Interprovincial migrants	1,560	780	780	130	65	65
External migrants	985	505	480	10	0	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Division No. 9, CDR [Census division], Saskatchewan and Lake Cowichan, T [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Division No. 9, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan and Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia