Census Profile, 2016 Census
Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Whitchurch-Stouffville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, IRI Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]			Whitchurch-Stouffville, T Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan Map : Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan Change geography 1			Data quality : Whitchurch-Stouffville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	0	...	...	45,837	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	0	...	...	37,628	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	...	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	0	...	...	15,712	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	0	...	...	15,355	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.0	...	...	222.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4.68	...	...	206.22	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	x	x	x	45,845	22,435	23,405
0 to 14 years	x	x	x	9,315	4,745	4,565
0 to 4 years	x	x	x	3,220	1,680	1,545
5 to 9 years	x	x	x	3,190	1,585	1,605
10 to 14 years	x	x	x	2,900	1,480	1,415
15 to 64 years	x	x	x	29,205	14,335	14,875
15 to 19 years	x	x	x	2,610	1,340	1,275
20 to 24 years	x	x	x	2,285	1,200	1,085
25 to 29 years	x	x	x	2,085	1,025	1,060
30 to 34 years	x	x	x	3,095	1,420	1,670
35 to 39 years	x	x	x	3,505	1,620	1,885
40 to 44 years	x	x	x	3,520	1,810	1,710
45 to 49 years	x	x	x	3,270	1,625	1,645
50 to 54 years	x	x	x	3,260	1,615	1,645
55 to 59 years	x	x	x	2,985	1,455	1,530
60 to 64 years	x	x	x	2,590	1,220	1,370
65 years and over	x	x	x	7,320	3,355	3,965
65 to 69 years	x	x	x	2,395	1,120	1,280
70 to 74 years	x	x	x	1,740	840	900
75 to 79 years	x	x	x	1,270	610	660
80 to 84 years	x	x	x	1,000	450	550
85 years and over	x	x	x	915	340	575
85 to 89 years	x	x	x	585	235	350
90 to 94 years	x	x	x	245	90	155
95 to 99 years	x	x	x	75	15	60
100 years and over	x	x	x	5	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	x	x	x	20.3	21.1	19.5
15 to 64 years	x	x	x	63.7	63.9	63.6
65 years and over	x	x	x	16.0	15.0	16.9
85 years and over	x	x	x	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	x	x	x	39.6	38.7	40.4
Median age of the population	x	x	x	40.0	39.6	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Single-detached house	x	...	...	11,720	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	x	...	...	105	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	x	...	...	3,525	...	...
Semi-detached house	x	...	...	810	...	...
Row house	x	...	...	1,550	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	x	...	...	405	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	x	...	...	750	...	...
Other single-attached house	x	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	x	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
1 person	x	...	...	2,320	...	...
2 persons	x	...	...	4,650	...	...
3 persons	x	...	...	2,890	...	...
4 persons	x	...	...	3,435	...	...
5 or more persons	x	...	...	2,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	x	...	...	45,345	...	...
Average household size	x	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	x	x	x	36,525	17,690	18,840
Married or living common law	x	x	x	24,430	12,180	12,250
Married	x	x	x	22,345	11,140	11,205
Living common law	x	x	x	2,085	1,040	1,045
Not married and not living common law	x	x	x	12,100	5,505	6,590
Never married	x	x	x	8,070	4,320	3,750
Separated	x	x	x	780	295	485
Divorced	x	x	x	1,470	560	915
Widowed	x	x	x	1,775	330	1,450
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	x	...	...	13,420	...	...
2 persons	x	...	...	5,455	...	...
3 persons	x	...	...	3,070	...	...
4 persons	x	...	...	3,575	...	...
5 or more persons	x	...	...	1,315	...	...
Average size of census families	x	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	x	...	...	13,420	...	...
Total couple families	x	...	...	11,975	...	...
Married couples	x	...	...	10,935	...	...
Common-law couples	x	...	...	1,045	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	x	...	...	1,440	...	...
Female parent	x	...	...	1,125	...	...
Male parent	x	...	...	315	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	11,975	...	...
Couples without children	x	...	...	4,625	...	...
Couples with children	x	...	...	7,350	...	...
1 child	x	...	...	2,615	...	...
2 children	x	...	...	3,445	...	...
3 or more children	x	...	...	1,285	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	1,440	...	...
1 child	x	...	...	825	...	...
2 children	x	...	...	455	...	...
3 or more children	x	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	4,035	1,670	2,360
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
One-census-family households	x	...	...	12,185	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	x	...	...	4,065	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	x	...	...	8,120	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	x	...	...	605	...	...
Non-census-family households	x	...	...	2,565	...	...
One-person households	x	...	...	2,320	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	x	...	...	245	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	x	x	x	45,430	22,315	23,115
English only	x	x	x	41,145	20,535	20,610
French only	x	x	x	10	5	10
English and French	x	x	x	3,080	1,290	1,795
Neither English nor French	x	x	x	1,195	490	705
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	x	x	x	45,430	22,320	23,115
English	x	x	x	43,565	21,535	22,030
French	x	x	x	425	180	245
English and French	x	x	x	260	115	140
Neither English nor French	x	x	x	1,180	480	695
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	x	x	x	560	240	320
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	x	x	x	1.2	1.1	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	x	x	x	45,435	22,320	23,115
Single responses	x	x	x	44,045	21,640	22,410
Official languages	x	x	x	30,110	14,970	15,135
English	x	x	x	29,700	14,805	14,900
French	x	x	x	405	165	240
Non-official languages	x	x	x	13,940	6,670	7,270
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	13,940	6,670	7,265
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	390	195	190
Berber languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	390	195	190
Amharic	x	x	x	5	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	355	180	180
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	15	10	10
Maltese	x	x	x	5	5	5
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	120	55	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	15	5	5
Vietnamese	x	x	x	110	50	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	530	200	330
Bikol	x	x	x	5	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	15	5	10
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	15	5	10
Ilocano	x	x	x	25	10	10
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	25	15	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	5	0	5
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	440	165	285
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	15	5	10
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	2,020	1,005	1,015
Kannada	x	x	x	10	5	5
Malayalam	x	x	x	85	40	50
Tamil	x	x	x	1,880	940	945
Telugu	x	x	x	45	20	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	5,710	2,775	2,930
Albanian	x	x	x	45	20	25
Armenian	x	x	x	150	70	80
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	970	445	525
Baltic languages	x	x	x	30	10	15
Latvian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Lithuanian	x	x	x	5	0	5
Slavic languages	x	x	x	940	435	505
Belarusan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	5	0	5
Bulgarian	x	x	x	15	5	10
Croatian	x	x	x	30	15	15
Czech	x	x	x	35	15	20
Macedonian	x	x	x	295	140	155
Polish	x	x	x	170	85	85
Russian	x	x	x	255	115	145
Serbian	x	x	x	35	15	20
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	15	10	10
Ukrainian	x	x	x	50	20	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	5	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	545	260	290
Afrikaans	x	x	x	5	5	0
Danish	x	x	x	15	10	10
Dutch	x	x	x	115	60	60
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	400	185	215
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	5
Swedish	x	x	x	10	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	5	5	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	445	215	225
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	1,565	770	795
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	1,235	600	635
Bengali	x	x	x	25	10	15
Gujarati	x	x	x	325	165	165
Hindi	x	x	x	140	70	70
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	5	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	10	0	5
Nepali	x	x	x	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	5	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	225	115	115
Sindhi	x	x	x	35	20	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	60	30	35
Urdu	x	x	x	400	180	215
Iranian languages	x	x	x	320	165	150
Kurdish	x	x	x	5	0	5
Pashto	x	x	x	35	20	15
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	280	145	135
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	1,985	990	995
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	1,225	640	580
Portuguese	x	x	x	225	110	120
Romanian	x	x	x	150	60	95
Spanish	x	x	x	370	180	195
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	40	15	25
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	145	70	75
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	25	10	15
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	5	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	5	0	5
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	5	5	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	4,665	2,210	2,455
Chinese languages	x	x	x	4,665	2,210	2,455
Cantonese	x	x	x	2,995	1,435	1,560
Hakka	x	x	x	75	30	40
Mandarin	x	x	x	1,445	670	770
Min Dong	x	x	x	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	70	35	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	65	30	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	5	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	25	10	20
Lao	x	x	x	10	0	10
Thai	x	x	x	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	40	25	20
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	5	5	5
Turkish	x	x	x	20	10	10
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	195	90	110
Estonian	x	x	x	25	15	15
Finnish	x	x	x	50	20	35
Hungarian	x	x	x	120	55	60
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	1,380	675	705
English and French	x	x	x	115	55	65
English and non-official language	x	x	x	1,215	595	620
French and non-official language	x	x	x	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	40	15	20
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	x	x	x	45,430	22,320	23,115
Single responses	x	x	x	42,455	20,855	21,605
Official languages	x	x	x	35,385	17,475	17,905
English	x	x	x	35,225	17,410	17,815
French	x	x	x	160	65	90
Non-official languages	x	x	x	7,075	3,375	3,695
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	7,075	3,375	3,695
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	125	55	70
Berber languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	125	60	65
Amharic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	120	60	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	5	5	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	5
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	0	5	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	170	75	90
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	5	5	5
Ilocano	x	x	x	10	5	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	15	10	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	5	5	5
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	130	55	75
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	1,300	620	680
Kannada	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	40	25	20
Tamil	x	x	x	1,235	590	645
Telugu	x	x	x	25	15	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	1,770	825	940
Albanian	x	x	x	15	5	10
Armenian	x	x	x	40	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	295	140	150
Baltic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	295	140	150
Belarusan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	10	5	5
Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Czech	x	x	x	10	5	5
Macedonian	x	x	x	70	35	35
Polish	x	x	x	40	25	15
Russian	x	x	x	135	60	65
Serbian	x	x	x	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	65	35	35
Afrikaans	x	x	x	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	10	5	5
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	55	30	30
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	115	50	65
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	750	355	400
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	565	265	300
Bengali	x	x	x	5	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	170	80	90
Hindi	x	x	x	60	30	30
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	5	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	5	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	110	50	60
Sindhi	x	x	x	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	35	20	25
Urdu	x	x	x	165	75	90
Iranian languages	x	x	x	175	85	95
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	155	70	85
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	490	225	265
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	235	110	130
Portuguese	x	x	x	30	10	15
Romanian	x	x	x	65	25	40
Spanish	x	x	x	165	80	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	10	5	5
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	90	50	45
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	5	5	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	3,490	1,680	1,805
Chinese languages	x	x	x	3,485	1,680	1,805
Cantonese	x	x	x	2,230	1,080	1,150
Hakka	x	x	x	40	20	20
Mandarin	x	x	x	1,125	540	580
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	35	15	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	45	20	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	10	5	5
Lao	x	x	x	5	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	15	5	10
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	10	0	5
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	50	25	30
Estonian	x	x	x	5	0	5
Finnish	x	x	x	15	5	5
Hungarian	x	x	x	35	15	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	2,975	1,465	1,515
English and French	x	x	x	85	40	50
English and non-official language	x	x	x	2,810	1,390	1,425
French and non-official language	x	x	x	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	70	35	40
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	x	x	x	45,430	22,315	23,115
None	x	x	x	37,335	18,440	18,900
English	x	x	x	3,135	1,560	1,580
French	x	x	x	390	150	240
Non-official language	x	x	x	4,425	2,115	2,310
Aboriginal	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	x	x	x	4,425	2,115	2,310
English and French	x	x	x	30	10	20
English and non-official language	x	x	x	55	20	35
French and non-official language	x	x	x	50	15	35
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	5	0	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	x	x	x	36,040	17,540	18,505
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	34,605	16,845	17,760
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	40,915	49,134	34,208
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	34,620	16,850	17,770
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	36,612	42,960	30,926
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	32,095	15,925	16,170
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	39,670	48,582	31,823
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	23,765	10,275	13,485
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	3,383	1,260	4,636
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	26,590	13,655	12,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	40,964	48,768	34,500
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	x	x	x	36,035	17,465	18,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	34,565	16,770	17,795
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	58,167	71,343	45,753
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	34,580	16,775	17,810
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	46,416	55,209	38,133
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	32,060	15,825	16,235
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	57,653	71,627	44,030
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	23,860	10,250	13,610
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	6,799	6,123	7,308
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	26,595	13,570	13,020
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	57,104	69,853	43,820
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	x	x	x	36,040	17,460	18,580
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	x	x	x	13,860	7,860	6,000
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	x	x	x	60,622	67,089	54,203
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	x	x	x	77,817	88,826	63,391
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	x	x	x	91.9	94.7	87.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	x	x	x	74.9	78.2	70.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	x	x	x	8.1	5.3	12.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	x	x	x	36,035	17,535	18,505
Without total income	x	x	x	1,435	695	740
With total income	x	x	x	34,610	16,845	17,765
Percentage with total income	x	x	x	96.0	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	4,970	2,065	2,910
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	4,850	1,950	2,895
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	3,840	1,595	2,250
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	3,320	1,415	1,900
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	3,280	1,495	1,785
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	2,730	1,335	1,390
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	2,355	1,240	1,115
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	1,970	1,080	885
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	1,540	880	655
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	1,480	815	660
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	4,280	2,960	1,315
$100,000 to $149,999	x	x	x	2,615	1,735	875
$150,000 and over	x	x	x	1,660	1,220	435
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	x	x	x	36,040	17,535	18,500
Without after-tax income	x	x	x	1,420	685	730
With after-tax income	x	x	x	34,625	16,850	17,775
Percentage with after-tax income	x	x	x	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	5,170	2,115	3,050
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	5,070	2,060	3,015
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	4,420	1,810	2,610
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	4,100	1,830	2,270
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	3,950	1,905	2,045
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	3,135	1,660	1,475
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	2,410	1,360	1,050
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	2,065	1,165	900
$80,000 and over	x	x	x	4,300	2,945	1,355
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	1,300	800	500
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	725	480	245
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	2,275	1,670	610
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	x	x	x	36,040	17,535	18,505
Without employment income	x	x	x	9,445	3,880	5,565
With employment income	x	x	x	26,595	13,655	12,935
Percentage with employment income	x	x	x	73.8	77.9	69.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	3,265	1,510	1,755
$5,000 to $9,999	x	x	x	1,885	825	1,060
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	3,110	1,430	1,680
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	2,390	1,035	1,360
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	2,365	1,030	1,330
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	2,390	1,095	1,290
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	2,035	1,060	975
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	1,750	935	815
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	1,480	835	650
$80,000 and over	x	x	x	5,920	3,895	2,025
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	1,285	755	525
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	1,260	685	575
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	3,375	2,450	920
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	102,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	87,652	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	2,320	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	46,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	40,930	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	13,035	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	114,117	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	97,169	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	130,938	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	104,529	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	2,315	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	63,774	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	51,345	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	13,035	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	142,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	113,985	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	150	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	230	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	330	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	305	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	350	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	400	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	420	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	905	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	955	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	940	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	7,965	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	2,100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	1,710	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	x	...	...	2,080	...	...
$200,000 and over	x	...	...	2,065	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	165	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	95	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	180	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	330	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	410	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	465	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	530	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	555	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	1,085	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	1,120	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	1,205	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	1,180	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	1,045	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	6,380	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	2,340	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	1,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	x	...	...	2,505	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	x	...	...	12,905	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	113,414	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	96,622	...	...
Average family size of economic families	x	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	3,945	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	100,864	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	85,478	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	x	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	7,365	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	128,589	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	108,632	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	x	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	1,265	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	74,354	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	64,051	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	x	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	x	...	...	12,905	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	142,279	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	113,391	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	3,975	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	136,698	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	106,706	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	7,340	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	156,001	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	124,435	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	82,632	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	70,495	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	x	x	x	2,970	1,310	1,660
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	x	x	x	42,709	45,952	40,218
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	x	x	x	37,790	40,269	36,114
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	x	x	x	2,970	1,295	1,680
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	x	x	x	58,515	61,197	56,446
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	x	x	x	47,542	48,895	46,498
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	x	x	x	45,345	22,280	23,065
In the bottom half of the distribution	x	x	x	16,015	7,665	8,350
In the bottom decile	x	x	x	2,340	1,145	1,195
In the second decile	x	x	x	2,890	1,325	1,565
In the third decile	x	x	x	3,240	1,550	1,695
In the fourth decile	x	x	x	3,510	1,695	1,820
In the fifth decile	x	x	x	4,030	1,955	2,080
In the top half of the distribution	x	x	x	29,325	14,615	14,715
In the sixth decile	x	x	x	4,375	2,175	2,195
In the seventh decile	x	x	x	5,195	2,515	2,680
In the eighth decile	x	x	x	5,875	2,875	3,000
In the ninth decile	x	x	x	6,605	3,345	3,265
In the top decile	x	x	x	7,275	3,700	3,575
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	x	x	x	45,345	22,275	23,070
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	10,875	5,550	5,330
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	3,860	2,005	1,855
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	27,555	13,475	14,085
65 years and over	x	x	x	6,910	3,255	3,655
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	x	x	x	3,735	1,800	1,935
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	1,035	535	500
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	335	180	160
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	2,195	1,065	1,125
65 years and over	x	x	x	510	195	310
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	x	x	x	8.2	8.1	8.4
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	9.5	9.6	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.7	9.0	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	8.0	7.9	8.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	7.4	6.0	8.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	x	x	x	1,685	825	860
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	410	200	210
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	135	70	65
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	1,135	565	570
65 years and over	x	x	x	140	60	80
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	3.7	3.7	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.6	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.5	3.5	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	4.1	4.2	4.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	2.0	1.8	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	x	x	x	45,340	22,280	23,065
Official languages	x	x	x	44,115	21,770	22,340
English	x	x	x	44,105	21,765	22,335
French	x	x	x	3,070	1,265	1,810
Non-official languages	x	x	x	17,925	8,640	9,285
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	17,925	8,640	9,290
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	630	325	310
Berber languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	635	330	305
Amharic	x	x	x	0	10	0
Arabic	x	x	x	555	285	275
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	65	30	30
Maltese	x	x	x	10	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	190	80	110
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	10	10	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	185	75	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	625	245	380
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	25	15	10
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	10	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	30	20	10
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	45	25	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	575	220	355
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	20	15	0
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	15	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	2,715	1,340	1,370
Kannada	x	x	x	20	10	10
Malayalam	x	x	x	100	45	55
Tamil	x	x	x	2,525	1,250	1,270
Telugu	x	x	x	90	35	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	8,200	4,040	4,160
Albanian	x	x	x	65	25	40
Armenian	x	x	x	160	90	70
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	1,335	630	705
Baltic languages	x	x	x	35	20	20
Latvian	x	x	x	25	15	10
Lithuanian	x	x	x	10	0	10
Slavic languages	x	x	x	1,305	620	690
Belarusan	x	x	x	10	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	10	10	10
Bulgarian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	65	25	45
Czech	x	x	x	55	30	25
Macedonian	x	x	x	510	245	265
Polish	x	x	x	275	135	140
Russian	x	x	x	335	145	190
Serbian	x	x	x	40	15	25
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	10	10	0
Slovak	x	x	x	40	15	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	15	10	10
Ukrainian	x	x	x	60	20	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	695	300	395
Afrikaans	x	x	x	10	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	15	10	10
Dutch	x	x	x	155	60	95
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	490	225	265
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	25	10	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	780	390	390
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	2,410	1,205	1,200
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	2,090	1,025	1,065
Bengali	x	x	x	60	35	25
Gujarati	x	x	x	410	205	205
Hindi	x	x	x	635	305	330
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	10	10	0
Marathi	x	x	x	25	25	10
Nepali	x	x	x	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	15	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	430	225	210
Sindhi	x	x	x	100	45	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	115	60	60
Urdu	x	x	x	850	390	460
Iranian languages	x	x	x	335	190	150
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	315	175	140
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	3,005	1,510	1,495
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	1,855	980	875
Portuguese	x	x	x	320	160	155
Romanian	x	x	x	205	75	130
Spanish	x	x	x	700	335	365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	60	25	40
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	115	50	65
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	85	40	45
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	35	15	15
Bamanankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	40	15	25
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	20	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	30	15	15
American Sign Language	x	x	x	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	5,390	2,515	2,870
Chinese languages	x	x	x	5,395	2,520	2,875
Cantonese	x	x	x	3,785	1,775	2,010
Hakka	x	x	x	65	35	30
Mandarin	x	x	x	2,365	1,090	1,275
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	75	40	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	60	20	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	45	20	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	35	20	20
Lao	x	x	x	25	10	20
Thai	x	x	x	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	85	50	35
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	10	10	0
Turkish	x	x	x	45	30	15
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	25	10	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	10
Uralic languages	x	x	x	240	95	145
Estonian	x	x	x	30	10	20
Finnish	x	x	x	80	30	50
Hungarian	x	x	x	140	60	80
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	x	x	x	45,340	22,280	23,065
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	x	x	x	42,750	21,140	21,605
Canadian citizens aged under 18	x	x	x	10,565	5,420	5,145
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	x	x	x	32,185	15,730	16,460
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	x	x	x	2,595	1,135	1,460
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	x	x	x	45,340	22,275	23,070
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	x	x	x	30,315	15,140	15,175
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	x	x	x	14,740	7,035	7,705
Before 1981	x	x	x	4,175	2,075	2,100
1981 to 1990	x	x	x	2,135	1,040	1,090
1991 to 2000	x	x	x	4,010	1,955	2,050
2001 to 2010	x	x	x	3,455	1,545	1,910
2001 to 2005	x	x	x	2,000	920	1,080
2006 to 2010	x	x	x	1,450	625	825
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	x	x	x	975	420	550
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	x	x	x	290	100	190
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	x	x	x	14,740	7,040	7,705
Under 5 years	x	x	x	1,365	655	710
5 to 14 years	x	x	x	2,960	1,490	1,465
15 to 24 years	x	x	x	3,745	1,745	2,000
25 to 44 years	x	x	x	5,535	2,650	2,885
45 years and over	x	x	x	1,145	500	645
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	x	x	x	14,740	7,035	7,705
Americas	x	x	x	1,430	635	795
Brazil	x	x	x	40	15	25
Colombia	x	x	x	35	15	25
El Salvador	x	x	x	20	15	10
Guyana	x	x	x	225	95	130
Haiti	x	x	x	10	0	0
Jamaica	x	x	x	295	130	170
Mexico	x	x	x	85	40	50
Peru	x	x	x	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	x	x	x	120	65	55
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	x	x	x	335	135	200
Other places of birth in Americas	x	x	x	250	125	130
Europe	x	x	x	3,965	1,945	2,020
Bosnia and Herzegovina	x	x	x	10	0	10
Croatia	x	x	x	25	10	15
France	x	x	x	25	15	10
Germany	x	x	x	240	100	135
Greece	x	x	x	335	175	155
Hungary	x	x	x	65	30	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	x	x	x	45	30	15
Italy	x	x	x	790	430	360
Netherlands	x	x	x	100	50	45
Poland	x	x	x	175	75	100
Portugal	x	x	x	145	75	70
Romania	x	x	x	190	85	100
Russian Federation	x	x	x	115	35	85
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	x	x	x	15	0	10
Ukraine	x	x	x	100	35	65
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	x	x	x	1,100	550	550
Other places of birth in Europe	x	x	x	490	235	255
Africa	x	x	x	555	285	270
Algeria	x	x	x	0	0	0
Egypt	x	x	x	145	70	75
Ethiopia	x	x	x	10	0	0
Kenya	x	x	x	70	35	30
Morocco	x	x	x	10	0	0
Nigeria	x	x	x	20	20	0
Somalia	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	x	x	x	55	35	25
Other places of birth in Africa	x	x	x	245	120	125
Asia	x	x	x	8,755	4,155	4,600
Afghanistan	x	x	x	90	40	55
Bangladesh	x	x	x	35	25	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	x	x	x	1,940	880	1,060
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	x	x	x	1,510	725	785
India	x	x	x	880	425	460
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	x	x	x	185	115	65
Iraq	x	x	x	40	30	10
Japan	x	x	x	35	0	30
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	x	x	x	100	50	50
Lebanon	x	x	x	95	50	45
Pakistan	x	x	x	490	240	255
Philippines	x	x	x	590	255	330
Sri Lanka	x	x	x	1,660	805	860
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	x	x	x	20	15	10
Taiwan	x	x	x	150	60	95
Viet Nam	x	x	x	355	155	200
Other places of birth in Asia	x	x	x	570	280	290
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	x	x	x	45	25	25
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	x	x	x	975	425	550
Americas	x	x	x	95	40	55
Brazil	x	x	x	0	0	0
Colombia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cuba	x	x	x	10	10	0
Haiti	x	x	x	0	0	0
Jamaica	x	x	x	10	0	10
Mexico	x	x	x	15	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	x	x	x	35	15	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	x	x	x	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	x	x	x	20	0	15
Europe	x	x	x	80	35	45
France	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germany	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	x	x	x	10	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Romania	x	x	x	10	0	10
Russian Federation	x	x	x	10	0	10
Ukraine	x	x	x	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	x	x	x	35	25	10
Other places of birth in Europe	x	x	x	30	10	15
Africa	x	x	x	30	15	10
Algeria	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cameroon	x	x	x	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	x	x	x	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	x	x	x	0	0	0
Egypt	x	x	x	0	0	10
Eritrea	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ethiopia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Morocco	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nigeria	x	x	x	15	0	0
Somalia	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tunisia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	x	x	x	10	10	0
Asia	x	x	x	765	325	440
Afghanistan	x	x	x	10	0	10
Bangladesh	x	x	x	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	x	x	x	375	160	215
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	x	x	x	45	10	35
India	x	x	x	100	40	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	x	x	x	10	0	0
Iraq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Israel	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japan	x	x	x	10	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	x	x	x	20	10	10
Lebanon	x	x	x	10	10	0
Nepal	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pakistan	x	x	x	20	10	15
Philippines	x	x	x	0	0	10
Saudi Arabia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	x	x	x	100	55	45
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	x	x	x	10	0	0
Taiwan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkey	x	x	x	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	x	x	x	25	10	20
Viet Nam	x	x	x	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	x	x	x	25	15	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Australia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	x	x	x	45,345	22,275	23,065
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	x	x	x	15,305	7,290	8,015
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	x	x	x	13,405	6,780	6,625
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	x	x	x	16,635	8,210	8,425
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	x	x	x	10,840	5,130	5,710
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	x	x	x	5,440	2,755	2,680
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	x	x	x	1,925	1,325	605
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	x	x	x	3,510	1,435	2,080
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	x	x	x	3,575	1,385	2,190
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	x	x	x	1,655	885	770
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	x	x	x	175	105	70
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	x	x	x	45,345	22,280	23,065
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	x	x	x	340	175	170
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	x	x	x	325	160	165
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	x	x	x	200	115	85
Métis	x	x	x	115	40	70
Inuk (Inuit)	x	x	x	15	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	x	x	x	15	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	x	x	x	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	x	x	x	44,995	22,100	22,895
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	x	x	x	45,345	22,275	23,065
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	x	x	x	85	60	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	x	x	x	45,255	22,210	23,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	x	x	x	45,340	22,275	23,065
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	x	x	x	25	15	15
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	x	x	x	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	x	x	x	15	0	10
Métis single ancestry	x	x	x	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	x	x	x	540	280	260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	x	x	x	540	280	260
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	400	215	185
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	140	65	75
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	x	x	x	44,775	21,985	22,790
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	x	x	x	45,345	22,280	23,070
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	x	x	x	16,745	8,125	8,615
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	x	x	x	5,635	2,825	2,810
Chinese	x	x	x	5,950	2,830	3,125
Black	x	x	x	1,005	490	515
Filipino	x	x	x	1,135	510	630
Latin American	x	x	x	355	145	205
Arab	x	x	x	450	240	210
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	x	x	x	310	145	165
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	x	x	x	350	200	150
Korean	x	x	x	180	75	100
Japanese	x	x	x	160	65	95
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	x	x	x	375	195	185
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	x	x	x	830	410	425
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	x	x	x	28,600	14,150	14,450
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	x	x	x	45,345	22,275	23,065
North American Aboriginal origins	x	x	x	565	290	275
First Nations (North American Indian)	x	x	x	415	220	195
Inuit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Métis	x	x	x	150	70	80
Other North American origins	x	x	x	8,740	4,360	4,380
Acadian	x	x	x	0	0	0
American	x	x	x	415	220	190
Canadian	x	x	x	8,425	4,190	4,235
New Brunswicker	x	x	x	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	x	x	x	35	30	0
Nova Scotian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ontarian	x	x	x	15	0	10
Québécois	x	x	x	10	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	x	x	x	0	0	0
European origins	x	x	x	26,740	13,030	13,710
British Isles origins	x	x	x	15,340	7,445	7,895
Channel Islander	x	x	x	10	0	10
Cornish	x	x	x	0	0	0
English	x	x	x	9,115	4,400	4,715
Irish	x	x	x	6,195	2,980	3,215
Manx	x	x	x	15	10	10
Scottish	x	x	x	6,500	3,130	3,365
Welsh	x	x	x	625	320	310
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	x	x	x	1,400	680	715
French origins	x	x	x	2,355	1,090	1,265
Alsatian	x	x	x	10	0	0
Breton	x	x	x	0	0	0
Corsican	x	x	x	0	0	0
French	x	x	x	2,350	1,090	1,265
Western European origins (except French origins)	x	x	x	4,375	2,060	2,315
Austrian	x	x	x	285	100	180
Bavarian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Belgian	x	x	x	60	20	40
Dutch	x	x	x	1,235	600	640
Flemish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	2,915	1,395	1,520
Luxembourger	x	x	x	10	0	0
Swiss	x	x	x	265	105	165
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	x	x	x	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	x	x	x	745	330	420
Danish	x	x	x	195	80	115
Finnish	x	x	x	255	105	150
Icelandic	x	x	x	40	20	20
Norwegian	x	x	x	130	65	65
Swedish	x	x	x	120	45	75
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	x	x	x	25	20	10
Eastern European origins	x	x	x	3,580	1,740	1,840
Bulgarian	x	x	x	35	20	20
Byelorussian	x	x	x	30	20	10
Czech	x	x	x	120	60	65
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	x	x	x	30	10	20
Estonian	x	x	x	70	50	25
Hungarian	x	x	x	420	200	215
Latvian	x	x	x	115	50	70
Lithuanian	x	x	x	65	30	40
Moldovan	x	x	x	15	0	10
Polish	x	x	x	1,235	645	590
Romanian	x	x	x	315	130	185
Russian	x	x	x	650	270	375
Slovak	x	x	x	95	45	45
Ukrainian	x	x	x	1,005	505	500
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	x	x	x	70	25	45
Southern European origins	x	x	x	9,135	4,565	4,570
Albanian	x	x	x	70	25	45
Bosnian	x	x	x	10	10	10
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	145	70	75
Cypriot	x	x	x	75	25	50
Greek	x	x	x	1,710	870	830
Italian	x	x	x	5,325	2,695	2,625
Kosovar	x	x	x	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	870	440	425
Maltese	x	x	x	90	40	50
Montenegrin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	1,035	505	535
Serbian	x	x	x	70	35	35
Sicilian	x	x	x	55	30	30
Slovenian	x	x	x	105	65	45
Spanish	x	x	x	650	235	415
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	x	x	x	160	75	80
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other European origins	x	x	x	220	110	110
Basque	x	x	x	0	0	0
Jewish	x	x	x	105	60	45
Roma (Gypsy)	x	x	x	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	x	x	x	15	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	x	x	x	90	45	50
Caribbean origins	x	x	x	1,390	665	730
Antiguan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bahamian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Barbadian	x	x	x	120	70	50
Bermudan	x	x	x	10	0	0
Carib	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cuban	x	x	x	40	20	20
Dominican	x	x	x	35	10	25
Grenadian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Guadeloupean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haitian	x	x	x	55	15	35
Jamaican	x	x	x	685	340	350
Kittitian/Nevisian	x	x	x	20	0	15
Martinican	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montserratan	x	x	x	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	x	x	x	25	20	10
St. Lucian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	x	x	x	175	100	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	x	x	x	20	15	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	x	x	x	220	90	130
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	x	x	x	100	45	55
Latin, Central and South American origins	x	x	x	935	485	450
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	x	x	x	20	10	10
Arawak	x	x	x	0	0	0
Argentinian	x	x	x	45	20	30
Belizean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bolivian	x	x	x	20	10	10
Brazilian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Chilean	x	x	x	25	0	15
Colombian	x	x	x	110	50	65
Costa Rican	x	x	x	20	10	10
Ecuadorian	x	x	x	20	10	0
Guatemalan	x	x	x	20	10	15
Guyanese	x	x	x	410	210	200
Hispanic	x	x	x	10	0	0
Honduran	x	x	x	15	10	0
Maya	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mexican	x	x	x	140	75	65
Nicaraguan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Panamanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Paraguayan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Peruvian	x	x	x	25	0	25
Salvadorean	x	x	x	20	20	0
Uruguayan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Venezuelan	x	x	x	35	25	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	x	x	x	10	0	10
African origins	x	x	x	860	450	405
Central and West African origins	x	x	x	80	55	30
Akan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Angolan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ashanti	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beninese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burkinabe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cameroonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chadian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Congolese	x	x	x	10	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gabonese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gambian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ghanaian	x	x	x	50	30	25
Guinean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ibo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ivorian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Liberian	x	x	x	0	10	0
Malian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malinké	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nigerian	x	x	x	10	10	10
Peulh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Senegalese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Togolese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	20	10	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	x	x	x	0	0	0
North African origins	x	x	x	430	225	205
Algerian	x	x	x	10	0	0
Berber	x	x	x	0	0	0
Coptic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Egyptian	x	x	x	380	200	180
Libyan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Maure	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moroccan	x	x	x	40	25	20
Sudanese	x	x	x	55	25	20
Tunisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	x	x	x	135	80	50
Afrikaner	x	x	x	0	0	0
Amhara	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burundian	x	x	x	10	0	0
Djiboutian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eritrean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ethiopian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kenyan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	10	0	0
Mauritian	x	x	x	20	10	10
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rwandan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Seychellois	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0
South African	x	x	x	45	30	15
Tanzanian	x	x	x	10	10	0
Tigrian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ugandan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Zambian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	x	x	x	10	0	0
Zulu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	x	x	x	50	35	15
Other African origins	x	x	x	210	90	125
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	x	x	x	10	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	x	x	x	210	85	125
Asian origins	x	x	x	15,280	7,450	7,835
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	x	x	x	1,315	710	595
Afghan	x	x	x	160	90	65
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	x	x	x	90	45	45
Armenian	x	x	x	285	170	115
Assyrian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	10	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	10
Hazara	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iranian	x	x	x	315	170	140
Iraqi	x	x	x	75	45	30
Israeli	x	x	x	45	25	20
Jordanian	x	x	x	20	15	10
Kazakh	x	x	x	10	10	0
Kurd	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	x	x	x	30	10	15
Kyrgyz	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lebanese	x	x	x	180	80	95
Palestinian	x	x	x	105	60	40
Pashtun	x	x	x	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	x	x	x	15	0	15
Syrian	x	x	x	30	15	15
Tajik	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tatar	x	x	x	15	10	10
Turk	x	x	x	45	20	25
Turkmen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uighur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	35	25	15
Yemeni	x	x	x	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	x	x	x	20	0	20
South Asian origins	x	x	x	5,760	2,885	2,870
Bangladeshi	x	x	x	30	15	15
Bengali	x	x	x	10	10	0
Bhutanese	x	x	x	0	0	0
East Indian	x	x	x	2,695	1,335	1,360
Goan	x	x	x	0	10	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	50	20	25
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pakistani	x	x	x	640	315	320
Punjabi	x	x	x	45	20	25
Sinhalese	x	x	x	75	40	35
Sri Lankan	x	x	x	1,965	980	980
Tamil	x	x	x	730	385	350
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	x	x	x	255	135	120
East and Southeast Asian origins	x	x	x	8,425	3,965	4,455
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	x	x	x	15	10	10
Chinese	x	x	x	6,690	3,190	3,505
Filipino	x	x	x	1,390	615	775
Hmong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indonesian	x	x	x	35	20	15
Japanese	x	x	x	245	95	150
Karen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	225	90	135
Laotian	x	x	x	30	10	20
Malaysian	x	x	x	30	10	20
Mongolian	x	x	x	10	0	10
Singaporean	x	x	x	10	0	10
Taiwanese	x	x	x	60	20	35
Thai	x	x	x	15	15	10
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	270	145	120
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	x	x	x	15	0	0
Other Asian origins	x	x	x	15	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	x	x	x	15	10	10
Oceania origins	x	x	x	125	75	50
Australian	x	x	x	80	45	30
New Zealander	x	x	x	15	10	10
Pacific Islands origins	x	x	x	30	20	15
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hawaiian	x	x	x	25	20	10
Maori	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Samoan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Owner	x	...	...	13,605	...	...
Renter	x	...	...	1,750	...	...
Band housing	x	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Condominium	x	...	...	1,535	...	...
Not condominium	x	...	...	13,825	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
No bedrooms	x	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	x	...	...	630	...	...
2 bedrooms	x	...	...	2,095	...	...
3 bedrooms	x	...	...	5,460	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	x	...	...	7,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	x	...	...	1,665	...	...
5 rooms	x	...	...	1,960	...	...
6 rooms	x	...	...	2,500	...	...
7 rooms	x	...	...	2,785	...	...
8 or more rooms	x	...	...	6,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	x	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
One person or fewer per room	x	...	...	15,185	...	...
More than 1 person per room	x	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Suitable	x	...	...	14,960	...	...
Not suitable	x	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
1960 or before	x	...	...	1,695	...	...
1961 to 1980	x	...	...	2,280	...	...
1981 to 1990	x	...	...	1,805	...	...
1991 to 2000	x	...	...	1,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	x	...	...	1,175	...	...
2006 to 2010	x	...	...	4,410	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	x	...	...	2,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	x	...	...	14,970	...	...
Major repairs needed	x	...	...	385	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
1 household maintainer	x	...	...	7,200	...	...
2 household maintainers	x	...	...	7,700	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	x	...	...	450	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	x	...	...	15,355	...	...
15 to 24 years	x	...	...	50	...	...
25 to 34 years	x	...	...	1,725	...	...
35 to 44 years	x	...	...	3,420	...	...
45 to 54 years	x	...	...	3,475	...	...
55 to 64 years	x	...	...	2,910	...	...
65 to 74 years	x	...	...	2,130	...	...
75 to 84 years	x	...	...	1,225	...	...
85 years and over	x	...	...	425	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	15,255	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	11,170	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	4,090	...	...
30% to less than 100%	x	...	...	3,560	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	x	...	...	13,540	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	x	...	...	65.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	24.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	1,797	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	1,873	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	x	...	...	751,188	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	x	...	...	836,075	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	x	...	...	1,740	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	x	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	46.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	1,297	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	1,356	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	x	x	x	36,040	17,460	18,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	5,265	2,570	2,695
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	x	x	x	10,130	4,855	5,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	20,645	10,035	10,600
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	x	x	x	1,875	1,410	465
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	x	x	x	885	580	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	x	x	x	990	830	160
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	x	x	x	7,275	3,250	4,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	950	475	480
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	x	x	x	10,545	4,905	5,640
Bachelor's degree	x	x	x	7,565	3,425	4,135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	x	x	x	710	300	410
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	x	x	x	270	150	120
Master's degree	x	x	x	1,855	955	905
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	x	x	x	145	80	65
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	x	x	x	24,320	11,670	12,655
No certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	1,795	935	860
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	x	x	x	6,010	2,940	3,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	16,525	7,795	8,730
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	x	x	x	1,260	965	290
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	x	x	x	575	390	185
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	x	x	x	685	575	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	x	x	x	5,890	2,655	3,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	710	365	350
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	x	x	x	8,665	3,810	4,850
Bachelor's degree	x	x	x	6,255	2,715	3,540
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	x	x	x	605	235	370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	x	x	x	180	75	100
Master's degree	x	x	x	1,510	730	780
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	x	x	x	110	55	55
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	x	x	x	36,040	17,460	18,575
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	x	x	x	15,400	7,420	7,980
Education	x	x	x	1,425	275	1,150
13. Education	x	x	x	1,425	275	1,155
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	x	x	x	830	400	430
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	x	x	x	140	90	45
50. Visual and performing arts	x	x	x	695	310	380
Humanities	x	x	x	1,125	370	755
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	x	x	x	90	10	80
23. English language and literature/letters	x	x	x	295	45	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	x	x	x	330	100	240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	x	x	x	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	x	x	x	65	35	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	x	x	x	80	50	30
54. History	x	x	x	225	125	105
55. French language and literature/letters	x	x	x	30	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	x	x	x	2,910	960	1,955
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	x	x	x	40	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	x	x	x	285	105	185
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	x	x	x	505	55	445
22. Legal professions and studies	x	x	x	445	125	315
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	x	x	x	40	0	35
42. Psychology	x	x	x	430	90	340
45. Social sciences	x	x	x	1,175	580	585
Business, management and public administration	x	x	x	4,960	2,280	2,680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	x	x	x	0	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	x	x	x	250	35	215
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	x	x	x	4,710	2,245	2,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	x	x	x	950	470	475
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	x	x	x	355	135	215
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	x	x	x	305	125	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	x	x	x	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	x	x	x	255	190	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	x	x	x	25	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	x	x	x	1,130	685	445
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	x	x	x	855	560	300
25. Library science	x	x	x	45	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	x	x	x	220	110	105
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	x	x	x	15	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	x	x	x	3,610	3,280	325
04. Architecture and related services	x	x	x	175	120	55
14. Engineering	x	x	x	1,190	1,015	180
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	x	x	x	705	635	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	x	x	x	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	x	x	x	675	670	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	x	x	x	605	590	10
48. Precision production	x	x	x	265	255	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	295	200	90
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	x	x	x	175	130	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	120	70	45
Health and related fields	x	x	x	2,465	640	1,830
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	x	x	x	435	225	210
51. Health professions and related programs	x	x	x	2,010	405	1,610
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	x	x	x	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	x	x	x	935	475	460
12. Personal and culinary services	x	x	x	495	135	360
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	x	x	x	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	x	x	x	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	x	x	x	320	230	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	x	x	x	115	110	10
Other	x	x	x	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	x	x	x	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	x	x	x	24,320	11,670	12,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	x	x	x	7,800	3,875	3,925
Education	x	x	x	1,095	200	890
13. Education	x	x	x	1,095	200	895
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	x	x	x	635	295	345
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	x	x	x	90	55	35
50. Visual and performing arts	x	x	x	540	235	310
Humanities	x	x	x	810	260	545
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	x	x	x	80	10	70
23. English language and literature/letters	x	x	x	210	30	180
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	x	x	x	235	60	175
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	x	x	x	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	x	x	x	45	30	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	x	x	x	45	30	15
54. History	x	x	x	160	95	65
55. French language and literature/letters	x	x	x	30	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	x	x	x	2,375	685	1,690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	x	x	x	35	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	x	x	x	240	80	155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	x	x	x	430	40	390
22. Legal professions and studies	x	x	x	360	65	290
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	x	x	x	35	10	30
42. Psychology	x	x	x	330	50	275
45. Social sciences	x	x	x	950	440	505
Business, management and public administration	x	x	x	4,185	1,865	2,320
30.16 Accounting and computer science	x	x	x	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	x	x	x	220	30	190
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	x	x	x	3,960	1,830	2,130
Physical and life sciences and technologies	x	x	x	765	355	410
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	x	x	x	290	105	185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	x	x	x	255	105	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	x	x	x	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	x	x	x	195	140	55
41. Science technologies/technicians	x	x	x	20	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	x	x	x	1,050	640	405
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	x	x	x	815	530	285
25. Library science	x	x	x	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	x	x	x	180	95	85
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	x	x	x	20	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	x	x	x	2,790	2,505	285
04. Architecture and related services	x	x	x	145	95	45
14. Engineering	x	x	x	935	775	155
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	x	x	x	575	520	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	x	x	x	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	x	x	x	470	465	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	x	x	x	460	450	10
48. Precision production	x	x	x	205	195	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	225	135	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	x	x	x	135	95	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	85	45	40
Health and related fields	x	x	x	1,890	480	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	x	x	x	365	190	175
51. Health professions and related programs	x	x	x	1,510	290	1,220
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	x	x	x	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	x	x	x	705	365	345
12. Personal and culinary services	x	x	x	360	100	260
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	x	x	x	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	x	x	x	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	x	x	x	265	185	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	x	x	x	85	85	0
Other	x	x	x	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	x	x	x	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	x	x	x	36,035	17,460	18,575
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	15,400	7,420	7,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	x	x	x	20,640	10,040	10,600
Location of study inside Canada	x	x	x	16,465	7,900	8,560
Same as province or territory of residence	x	x	x	15,440	7,435	8,005
Different than province or territory of residence	x	x	x	1,025	465	555
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	x	x	x	4,180	2,140	2,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	x	x	x	565	310	255
Philippines	x	x	x	285	105	175
India	x	x	x	450	195	250
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	x	x	x	485	295	190
China^{Census data footnote 162}	x	x	x	460	220	235
France	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other	x	x	x	1,935	1,010	920
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	x	x	x	24,325	11,670	12,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	7,805	3,875	3,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	x	x	x	16,525	7,790	8,730
Location of study inside Canada	x	x	x	13,220	6,185	7,035
Same as province or territory of residence	x	x	x	12,495	5,875	6,620
Different than province or territory of residence	x	x	x	725	305	420
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	x	x	x	3,305	1,610	1,695
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	x	x	x	465	235	235
Philippines	x	x	x	250	95	155
India	x	x	x	400	175	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	x	x	x	255	160	100
China^{Census data footnote 162}	x	x	x	425	195	230
France	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other	x	x	x	1,500	750	750
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	x	x	x	36,035	17,460	18,580
In the labour force	x	x	x	24,570	12,860	11,710
Employed	x	x	x	23,285	12,200	11,085
Unemployed	x	x	x	1,285	660	625
Not in the labour force	x	x	x	11,465	4,600	6,865
Participation rate	x	x	x	68.2	73.7	63.0
Employment rate	x	x	x	64.6	69.9	59.7
Unemployment rate	x	x	x	5.2	5.1	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	x	x	x	36,040	17,460	18,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	x	x	x	10,605	4,245	6,360
Worked	x	x	x	25,435	13,215	12,220
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	x	x	x	14,265	8,145	6,120
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	x	x	x	11,170	5,075	6,095
Average weeks worked in reference year	x	x	x	43.9	44.7	43.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	x	x	x	24,570	12,860	11,710
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	x	x	x	425	195	235
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	x	x	x	24,145	12,670	11,475
Employee	x	x	x	20,665	10,355	10,310
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	x	x	x	3,480	2,315	1,170
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	x	x	x	24,570	12,860	11,710
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	x	x	x	425	190	235
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	x	x	x	24,145	12,670	11,475
0 Management occupations	x	x	x	3,815	2,525	1,290
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	x	x	x	4,410	1,260	3,150
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	x	x	x	1,850	1,445	405
3 Health occupations	x	x	x	1,270	310	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	x	x	x	2,845	850	2,000
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	x	x	x	830	390	445
6 Sales and service occupations	x	x	x	5,135	2,375	2,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	x	x	x	2,715	2,550	160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	x	x	x	580	470	110
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	x	x	x	675	495	180
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	x	x	x	24,570	12,860	11,710
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	x	x	x	430	195	235
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	x	x	x	24,145	12,665	11,475
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	x	x	x	240	165	75
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	x	x	x	45	30	15
22 Utilities	x	x	x	195	140	50
23 Construction	x	x	x	2,020	1,690	330
31-33 Manufacturing	x	x	x	1,850	1,280	565
41 Wholesale trade	x	x	x	1,350	795	560
44-45 Retail trade	x	x	x	2,565	1,310	1,255
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	x	x	x	810	630	180
51 Information and cultural industries	x	x	x	690	425	265
52 Finance and insurance	x	x	x	1,940	935	1,000
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	x	x	x	660	340	325
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	x	x	x	2,355	1,315	1,040
55 Management of companies and enterprises	x	x	x	60	15	45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	x	x	x	1,160	655	500
61 Educational services	x	x	x	2,105	565	1,540
62 Health care and social assistance	x	x	x	2,065	390	1,675
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	x	x	x	745	430	315
72 Accommodation and food services	x	x	x	1,330	555	780
81 Other services (except public administration)	x	x	x	975	445	530
91 Public administration	x	x	x	990	560	440
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	x	x	x	23,285	12,200	11,090
Worked at home	x	x	x	2,275	1,160	1,115
Worked outside Canada	x	x	x	135	85	50
No fixed workplace address	x	x	x	2,595	1,960	635
Worked at usual place	x	x	x	18,280	8,995	9,285
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	x	x	x	18,285	9,000	9,285
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	x	x	x	3,395	1,495	1,900
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	x	x	x	7,580	3,540	4,040
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	x	x	x	7,280	3,960	3,325
Commute to a different province or territory	x	x	x	25	10	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	x	x	x	20,875	10,955	9,915
Car, truck, van - as a driver	x	x	x	17,495	9,515	7,980
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	x	x	x	1,250	450	800
Public transit	x	x	x	1,400	670	730
Walked	x	x	x	510	220	290
Bicycle	x	x	x	70	40	30
Other method	x	x	x	150	70	80
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	x	x	x	20,875	10,960	9,920
Less than 15 minutes	x	x	x	3,460	1,540	1,925
15 to 29 minutes	x	x	x	4,580	2,195	2,385
30 to 44 minutes	x	x	x	5,895	3,280	2,615
45 to 59 minutes	x	x	x	2,970	1,585	1,380
60 minutes and over	x	x	x	3,965	2,355	1,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	x	x	x	20,875	10,955	9,920
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	x	x	x	1,375	1,050	320
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	x	x	x	3,865	2,310	1,560
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	x	x	x	6,360	3,200	3,160
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	x	x	x	4,150	1,900	2,255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	x	x	x	2,790	1,215	1,575
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	x	x	x	2,335	1,285	1,045
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	x	x	x	26,050	13,505	12,550
Single responses	x	x	x	25,530	13,260	12,270
Official languages	x	x	x	24,840	12,910	11,930
English	x	x	x	24,755	12,895	11,860
French	x	x	x	85	10	75
Non-official languages	x	x	x	695	355	340
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	695	350	340
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Amharic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	0	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	10	0	0
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	55	15	40
Kannada	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	55	15	40
Telugu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	40	25	15
Albanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	10	0	0
Baltic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	10	0	10
Belarusan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Czech	x	x	x	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Russian	x	x	x	10	0	10
Serbian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afrikaans	x	x	x	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	0	0	0
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	15	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	10	10	10
Bengali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	0	10	0
Hindi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	0	0	10
Iranian languages	x	x	x	0	10	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	15	10	0
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Romanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Spanish	x	x	x	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	15	10	10
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	565	290	275
Chinese languages	x	x	x	565	290	275
Cantonese	x	x	x	380	195	185
Hakka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	190	95	90
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lao	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Estonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	520	240	275
English and French	x	x	x	80	30	55
English and non-official language	x	x	x	435	210	225
French and non-official language	x	x	x	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	x	x	x	26,050	13,500	12,550
None	x	x	x	24,460	12,695	11,765
English	x	x	x	330	140	190
French	x	x	x	270	95	180
Non-official language	x	x	x	955	555	400
Aboriginal	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	x	x	x	955	555	405
English and French	x	x	x	0	0	0
English and non-official language	x	x	x	20	10	0
French and non-official language	x	x	x	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	x	x	x	44,740	21,960	22,780
Non-movers	x	x	x	40,220	19,650	20,570
Movers	x	x	x	4,520	2,310	2,210
Non-migrants	x	x	x	1,770	865	905
Migrants	x	x	x	2,750	1,445	1,305
Internal migrants	x	x	x	2,505	1,330	1,170
Intraprovincial migrants	x	x	x	2,410	1,285	1,125
Interprovincial migrants	x	x	x	100	50	50
External migrants	x	x	x	245	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	x	x	x	42,130	20,565	21,565
Non-movers	x	x	x	25,150	12,395	12,760
Movers	x	x	x	16,975	8,175	8,805
Non-migrants	x	x	x	6,150	2,850	3,300
Migrants	x	x	x	10,825	5,325	5,500
Internal migrants	x	x	x	9,800	4,845	4,950
Intraprovincial migrants	x	x	x	9,570	4,735	4,835
Interprovincial migrants	x	x	x	230	110	115
External migrants	x	x	x	1,030	480	550

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, IRI [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Whitchurch-Stouffville, T [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Whitchurch-Stouffville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Whitchurch-Stouffville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Min-A-He-Quo-Sis 116C, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Whitchurch-Stouffville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario