Census Profile, 2016 Census
Penhold, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Châteauguay--Lacolle [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Penhold, T Alberta [Census subdivision]			Châteauguay--Lacolle Quebec [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Penhold, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : Penhold, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Châteauguay--Lacolle [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	3,277	...	...	97,887	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,375	...	...	92,169	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	38.0	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,300	...	...	39,798	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,235	...	...	38,514	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	619.9	...	...	108.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5.29	...	...	905.92	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	3,280	1,655	1,625	97,885	48,570	49,320
0 to 14 years	810	425	385	17,800	9,170	8,630
0 to 4 years	325	165	155	5,890	3,025	2,870
5 to 9 years	265	155	115	6,210	3,205	3,005
10 to 14 years	220	100	115	5,700	2,945	2,755
15 to 64 years	2,270	1,120	1,150	63,835	31,940	31,895
15 to 19 years	160	70	85	5,750	3,000	2,750
20 to 24 years	180	80	95	6,015	3,130	2,890
25 to 29 years	350	175	180	5,465	2,700	2,765
30 to 34 years	390	195	195	5,870	2,955	2,915
35 to 39 years	270	145	130	6,640	3,260	3,385
40 to 44 years	225	120	105	6,110	3,025	3,080
45 to 49 years	185	90	95	6,425	3,195	3,225
50 to 54 years	195	105	90	7,770	3,930	3,845
55 to 59 years	180	85	90	7,585	3,690	3,895
60 to 64 years	140	65	80	6,200	3,050	3,150
65 years and over	195	105	85	16,250	7,455	8,795
65 to 69 years	105	50	55	5,190	2,545	2,645
70 to 74 years	40	25	15	4,155	1,995	2,160
75 to 79 years	25	10	10	2,990	1,330	1,665
80 to 84 years	20	10	10	2,105	925	1,175
85 years and over	5	5	5	1,815	655	1,155
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	1,200	485	710
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	490	155	340
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	110	20	85
100 years and over	0	0	0	15	0	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.7	25.7	23.7	18.2	18.9	17.5
15 to 64 years	69.2	67.7	70.8	65.2	65.8	64.7
65 years and over	5.9	6.3	5.2	16.6	15.3	17.8
85 years and over	0.2	0.3	0.3	1.9	1.3	2.3
Average age of the population	32.5	32.4	32.5	40.6	39.7	41.5
Median age of the population	31.7	31.9	31.6	41.1	40.1	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
Single-detached house	875	...	...	26,525	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	180	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	245	...	...	11,495	...	...
Semi-detached house	80	...	...	2,185	...	...
Row house	130	...	...	735	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	1,395	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	30	...	...	7,015	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	170	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	115	...	...	310	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
1 person	220	...	...	9,520	...	...
2 persons	455	...	...	13,650	...	...
3 persons	245	...	...	6,330	...	...
4 persons	220	...	...	5,865	...	...
5 or more persons	100	...	...	3,155	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,275	...	...	96,520	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,470	1,230	1,240	80,085	39,400	40,690
Married or living common law	1,645	820	825	48,245	24,155	24,090
Married	1,265	635	630	29,715	14,895	14,820
Living common law	380	190	190	18,530	9,260	9,270
Not married and not living common law	825	405	415	31,840	15,245	16,595
Never married	540	300	245	21,475	11,785	9,685
Separated	65	30	40	1,085	500	585
Divorced	155	65	90	4,880	1,980	2,905
Widowed	60	20	40	4,395	975	3,420
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	985	...	...	28,485	...	...
2 persons	470	...	...	14,060	...	...
3 persons	225	...	...	6,215	...	...
4 persons	205	...	...	5,685	...	...
5 or more persons	75	...	...	2,525	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	980	...	...	28,480	...	...
Total couple families	820	...	...	23,745	...	...
Married couples	625	...	...	14,490	...	...
Common-law couples	190	...	...	9,255	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	165	...	...	4,740	...	...
Female parent	125	...	...	3,525	...	...
Male parent	40	...	...	1,210	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	815	...	...	23,745	...	...
Couples without children	375	...	...	11,295	...	...
Couples with children	440	...	...	12,450	...	...
1 child	175	...	...	4,765	...	...
2 children	195	...	...	5,285	...	...
3 or more children	75	...	...	2,405	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	165	...	...	4,735	...	...
1 child	100	...	...	2,765	...	...
2 children	55	...	...	1,450	...	...
3 or more children	15	...	...	520	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	420	245	170	13,575	6,615	6,960
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,235	...	...	38,510	...	...
One-census-family households	940	...	...	27,505	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	360	...	...	10,925	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	585	...	...	16,580	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	20	...	...	480	...	...
Non-census-family households	275	...	...	10,525	...	...
One-person households	220	...	...	9,520	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	55	...	...	1,010	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	3,280	1,650	1,625	97,415	48,400	49,020
English only	3,165	1,600	1,560	6,245	3,015	3,235
French only	0	0	0	42,135	19,810	22,325
English and French	110	50	60	48,545	25,320	23,220
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	495	260	235
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	3,275	1,650	1,625	97,420	48,400	49,015
English	3,230	1,630	1,595	17,095	8,395	8,700
French	40	20	20	77,215	38,360	38,855
English and French	0	0	0	2,635	1,400	1,240
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	475	250	230
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	45	20	20	18,410	9,095	9,315
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.2	1.2	18.9	18.8	19.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	3,280	1,655	1,625	97,415	48,400	49,020
Single responses	3,260	1,645	1,615	95,215	47,295	47,920
Official languages	3,160	1,595	1,565	87,305	43,315	43,995
English	3,110	1,570	1,540	14,370	7,010	7,365
French	45	20	25	72,935	36,310	36,620
Non-official languages	105	50	55	7,910	3,980	3,935
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	25	10	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	105	50	55	7,885	3,970	3,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	900	480	420
Berber languages	0	0	0	180	90	80
Kabyle	0	0	0	85	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	40
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Semitic languages	0	0	0	720	390	335
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	695	375	320
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	20	10	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	80	40	40
Vietnamese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	120	40	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	5	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	75	25	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	270	130	140
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	245	115	125
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	40	40	5,450	2,760	2,685
Albanian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0	10	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	1,445	690	760
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages	15	5	10	1,440	690	750
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	115	65	55
Croatian	0	0	0	40	15	20
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	280	135	155
Russian	5	5	5	845	400	445
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovak	5	0	0	10	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	90	45	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	15	330	160	170
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	5	0	10	5	10
Dutch	5	5	5	55	25	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	5	10	245	125	120
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Greek	0	0	0	155	90	65
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	430	220	210
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	265	135	130
Bengali	0	0	0	130	65	65
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	70	40	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Urdu	5	0	5	40	20	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	135	75	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	3,065	1,585	1,480
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	615	345	270
Portuguese	5	5	0	260	130	130
Romanian	0	0	0	540	270	275
Spanish	30	15	20	1,645	840	800
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Korean	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	390	185	205
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	15	10	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	5	15
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	15	5
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0	25	15	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	70	35	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	60	20	30
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	35	15	20
Wolof	0	0	0	15	10	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	330	165	165
Chinese languages	5	0	0	330	170	165
Cantonese	0	0	0	90	50	45
Hakka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	210	105	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	20	10	15
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	10
Thai	5	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	120	50	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	50	20	25
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	5	0	5	75	35	40
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hungarian	5	0	0	70	35	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	10	2,205	1,105	1,095
English and French	5	5	5	1,285	640	645
English and non-official language	15	5	5	225	110	115
French and non-official language	0	0	0	535	270	260
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	160	80	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	3,280	1,655	1,625	97,415	48,400	49,020
Single responses	3,265	1,645	1,620	94,170	46,810	47,365
Official languages	3,225	1,630	1,600	90,005	44,725	45,280
English	3,210	1,620	1,585	16,040	7,885	8,150
French	20	10	15	73,965	36,840	37,125
Non-official languages	35	20	15	4,170	2,090	2,085
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	4,170	2,085	2,085
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	350	165	185
Berber languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Kabyle	0	0	0	45	20	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	280	130	150
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	270	125	145
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	75	40	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	25	20
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	95	45	50
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	45	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	15	3,135	1,580	1,555
Albanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	1,055	520	535
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	1,055	520	535
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	85	50	40
Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Polish	0	0	0	140	65	75
Russian	0	0	5	730	360	375
Serbian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slovak	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ukrainian	0	5	0	60	30	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	45	20	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	0	30	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	255	120	135
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	155	75	80
Bengali	0	0	0	85	40	45
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	10	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	95	45	55
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	85	40	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	5	1,735	895	840
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	125	60	65
Portuguese	0	0	0	110	50	55
Romanian	0	0	0	405	205	195
Spanish	5	5	5	1,100	575	520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75	35	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	15	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	270	140	130
Chinese languages	5	0	5	270	140	125
Cantonese	5	0	0	60	35	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	185	95	95
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	35	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	45	15	25
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	30	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	30	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	10	3,245	1,590	1,655
English and French	0	0	0	1,385	680	705
English and non-official language	10	5	10	445	215	235
French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,070	510	560
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	345	185	155
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	3,275	1,650	1,625	97,420	48,400	49,015
None	3,185	1,605	1,575	83,615	41,530	42,085
English	30	15	15	6,280	3,125	3,150
French	20	15	5	4,410	2,190	2,215
Non-official language	45	20	25	2,280	1,125	1,155
Aboriginal	0	0	0	15	5	15
Non-Aboriginal	45	20	25	2,270	1,125	1,140
English and French	0	0	0	350	195	155
English and non-official language	0	0	0	235	110	125
French and non-official language	0	0	0	235	115	120
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,465	1,230	1,240	78,740	38,880	39,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,380	1,185	1,195	75,725	37,415	38,305
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,872	68,011	33,824	34,435	39,836	29,071
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,385	1,185	1,200	75,745	37,420	38,320
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,126	56,320	30,496	30,620	34,574	26,532
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,215	1,140	1,070	67,920	34,450	33,465
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,819	68,416	32,704	30,776	37,247	24,791
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,325	470	855	57,415	26,170	31,245
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,128	4,784	3,845	7,537	5,830	8,539
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,025	1,050	980	56,080	29,195	26,885
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,658	68,454	32,960	33,068	38,429	27,847
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,470	1,235	1,235	78,710	38,860	39,850
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,360	1,180	1,175	75,675	37,435	38,240
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,810	69,892	39,647	40,023	45,747	34,420
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,360	1,180	1,175	75,690	37,435	38,255
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,359	56,366	34,293	33,430	37,407	29,537
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,210	1,140	1,075	67,925	34,400	33,525
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,467	69,766	38,219	37,180	43,786	30,401
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,280	445	840	57,415	26,145	31,265
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,801	7,036	6,677	8,767	7,885	9,505
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,025	1,050	975	55,990	29,350	26,640
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,389	68,982	38,711	37,830	42,705	32,459
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,465	1,230	1,235	78,710	38,865	39,845
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	950	535	420	25,895	14,395	11,500
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	62,658	76,901	48,517	46,677	52,185	41,261
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	68,000	80,718	51,701	52,084	57,173	45,714
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.2	95.9	88.4	83.5	88.0	77.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	83.7	86.3	79.1	70.1	73.2	66.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	4.1	11.5	16.5	12.0	22.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,465	1,230	1,235	78,740	38,880	39,855
Without total income	80	45	40	3,015	1,465	1,550
With total income	2,385	1,190	1,200	75,720	37,415	38,305
Percentage with total income	96.8	96.7	97.2	96.2	96.2	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	300	65	235	8,825	3,845	4,980
$10,000 to $19,999	240	85	150	12,770	4,780	7,990
$20,000 to $29,999	240	80	160	11,710	4,990	6,720
$30,000 to $39,999	225	65	160	10,635	5,185	5,445
$40,000 to $49,999	230	85	145	9,690	4,900	4,790
$50,000 to $59,999	215	115	100	6,955	3,895	3,065
$60,000 to $69,999	210	120	95	4,995	3,025	1,970
$70,000 to $79,999	200	135	60	3,555	2,215	1,340
$80,000 to $89,999	135	110	25	2,305	1,470	835
$90,000 to $99,999	120	85	35	1,370	950	420
$100,000 and over	280	235	40	2,900	2,160	740
$100,000 to $149,999	215	175	40	2,185	1,625	565
$150,000 and over	65	60	5	715	540	175
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,470	1,225	1,240	78,735	38,885	39,855
Without after-tax income	85	45	40	2,995	1,460	1,535
With after-tax income	2,385	1,185	1,200	75,740	37,420	38,320
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.7	96.8	96.2	96.2	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	305	65	235	9,200	3,920	5,280
$10,000 to $19,999	255	90	160	13,530	5,145	8,385
$20,000 to $29,999	270	80	190	14,335	6,335	7,990
$30,000 to $39,999	310	100	205	14,050	7,195	6,860
$40,000 to $49,999	285	145	140	10,265	5,610	4,660
$50,000 to $59,999	290	180	120	6,560	4,025	2,535
$60,000 to $69,999	245	180	65	3,735	2,310	1,425
$70,000 to $79,999	145	105	40	1,800	1,215	585
$80,000 and over	280	235	50	2,265	1,670	595
$80,000 to $89,999	100	80	20	875	640	240
$90,000 to $99,999	65	50	15	460	345	115
$100,000 and over	120	105	15	930	690	240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,470	1,225	1,235	78,735	38,885	39,855
Without employment income	440	185	255	22,655	9,680	12,970
With employment income	2,025	1,045	980	56,085	29,200	26,885
Percentage with employment income	82.0	85.3	79.4	71.2	75.1	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	180	55	130	6,735	3,465	3,260
$5,000 to $9,999	95	30	60	4,115	1,750	2,365
$10,000 to $19,999	215	70	145	8,070	3,405	4,660
$20,000 to $29,999	175	50	125	7,045	3,135	3,910
$30,000 to $39,999	175	65	110	7,395	3,450	3,945
$40,000 to $49,999	200	75	120	6,460	3,335	3,120
$50,000 to $59,999	185	95	100	4,800	2,840	1,960
$60,000 to $69,999	175	105	75	3,595	2,310	1,290
$70,000 to $79,999	165	125	40	2,915	1,875	1,045
$80,000 and over	455	380	80	4,955	3,630	1,320
$80,000 to $89,999	125	105	20	1,720	1,195	525
$90,000 to $99,999	100	75	20	1,075	775	300
$100,000 and over	230	200	30	2,155	1,660	495
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,235	...	...	38,510	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	96,219	...	...	68,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,957	...	...	59,235	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	220	...	...	9,520	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	54,400	...	...	32,384	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,080	...	...	29,088	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,015	...	...	28,995	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,136	...	...	82,741	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,075	...	...	70,674	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,235	...	...	38,520	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	104,606	...	...	78,635	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	86,569	...	...	65,694	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	220	...	...	9,490	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	62,481	...	...	38,751	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	50,211	...	...	32,702	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,010	...	...	29,025	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	113,874	...	...	91,675	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,568	...	...	76,482	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	290	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	365	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	840	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	1,310	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	1,710	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	1,395	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	1,760	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	1,835	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	1,825	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	1,850	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	60	...	...	3,305	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	105	...	...	3,230	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	90	...	...	2,925	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	90	...	...	2,800	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	100	...	...	2,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	585	...	...	10,660	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	175	...	...	4,660	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	160	...	...	2,685	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	175	...	...	2,245	...	...
$200,000 and over	70	...	...	1,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	320	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	360	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	855	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	1,400	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	1,915	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	1,725	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	2,185	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	2,235	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	2,230	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...	2,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	120	...	...	4,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	125	...	...	3,880	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	105	...	...	3,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	115	...	...	2,905	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95	...	...	2,400	...	...
$100,000 and over	425	...	...	6,305	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205	...	...	3,530	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	120	...	...	1,550	...	...
$150,000 and over	105	...	...	1,230	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	980	...	...	28,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,704	...	...	82,668	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,808	...	...	70,583	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	355	...	...	10,660	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,400	...	...	69,675	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,187	...	...	59,986	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	445	...	...	12,540	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,549	...	...	105,185	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,475	...	...	88,669	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	4,475	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	66,406	...	...	54,385	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,176	...	...	49,072	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	975	...	...	28,410	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	110,820	...	...	91,639	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,948	...	...	76,389	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	355	...	...	10,620	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	111,761	...	...	78,710	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,702	...	...	65,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	430	...	...	12,525	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,639	...	...	113,978	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,140	...	...	93,988	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	4,520	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,927	...	...	60,611	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,735	...	...	52,729	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	360	220	140	11,665	5,805	5,865
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	49,792	63,189	37,888	30,608	35,171	26,939
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	43,072	51,008	34,048	27,721	30,821	25,201
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	365	220	140	11,535	5,615	5,920
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	57,943	65,145	46,558	36,877	39,560	34,332
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,318	52,002	39,913	31,228	32,826	29,712
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,280	1,655	1,625	96,520	48,040	48,480
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,285	625	655	53,630	26,115	27,515
In the bottom decile	145	65	80	6,235	3,030	3,205
In the second decile	140	70	65	9,165	4,155	5,015
In the third decile	270	135	135	11,930	5,770	6,155
In the fourth decile	335	165	175	13,500	6,700	6,800
In the fifth decile	390	185	200	12,795	6,460	6,335
In the top half of the distribution	1,995	1,030	965	42,890	21,925	20,965
In the sixth decile	320	150	165	12,580	6,335	6,240
In the seventh decile	410	205	200	11,345	5,860	5,485
In the eighth decile	485	255	230	9,275	4,750	4,520
In the ninth decile	455	235	220	6,275	3,230	3,045
In the top decile	330	180	155	3,420	1,750	1,665
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,275	1,650	1,625	96,520	48,040	48,480
0 to 17 years	910	465	445	21,245	10,970	10,275
0 to 5 years	395	200	190	7,125	3,670	3,455
18 to 64 years	2,175	1,080	1,095	60,040	29,915	30,120
65 years and over	195	105	90	15,235	7,155	8,085
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	190	90	100	10,115	4,610	5,505
0 to 17 years	60	40	25	2,420	1,265	1,155
0 to 5 years	20	15	5	745	380	365
18 to 64 years	115	45	75	5,545	2,600	2,945
65 years and over	15	10	5	2,150	745	1,410
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.8	5.5	6.2	10.5	9.6	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	8.6	5.6	11.4	11.5	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.1	7.5	2.6	10.5	10.4	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	4.2	6.8	9.2	8.7	9.8
65 years and over (%)	7.7	9.5	5.6	14.1	10.4	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	85	40	50	4,405	2,200	2,210
0 to 17 years	25	15	10	1,050	570	475
0 to 5 years	10	10	0	325	175	150
18 to 64 years	55	25	35	3,095	1,520	1,580
65 years and over	5	0	0	260	110	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.4	3.1	4.6	4.6	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	3.2	2.2	4.9	5.2	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	5.0	0.0	4.6	4.8	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.3	3.2	5.2	5.1	5.2
65 years and over (%)	2.6	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.5	1.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,275	1,650	1,625	96,510	48,040	48,475
Official languages	3,275	1,650	1,625	96,035	47,780	48,255
English	3,275	1,650	1,625	54,495	28,240	26,255
French	95	40	50	89,830	44,805	45,020
Non-official languages	130	50	80	12,240	6,010	6,230
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	65	40	25
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	60	45	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	45	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	130	55	75	12,175	5,970	6,210
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,485	750	740
Berber languages	0	0	0	150	80	75
Kabyle	0	0	0	115	60	55
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,385	705	685
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,290	650	640
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	95	50	40
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	125	50	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	85	40	45
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45	15	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0	15	185	45	135
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	10	20
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15	140	30	105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	670	330	340
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	600	290	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	45	40
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	50	25	20
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	50	60	8,535	4,245	4,290
Albanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	1,735	860	875
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	1,730	855	870
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	105	60	45
Croatian	0	0	0	60	40	25
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Polish	10	0	0	340	155	190
Russian	10	10	0	1,170	570	600
Serbian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ukrainian	10	10	10	150	85	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	490	280	210
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	15
Dutch	0	10	0	55	35	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	15	20	395	235	165
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	25	15	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	15	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10	220	135	90
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	695	360	335
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	490	275	215
Bengali	0	0	0	150	75	75
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	120	60	60
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	155	95	60
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Urdu	0	0	0	130	85	45
Iranian languages	0	0	0	230	100	135
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	185	80	110
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	30	5,740	2,805	2,930
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Italian	0	0	0	1,220	670	550
Portuguese	0	0	0	365	170	200
Romanian	0	0	0	605	305	295
Spanish	50	20	30	3,815	1,810	2,000
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	660	285	375
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	160	70	85
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	60	30	35
Shona	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	110	55	55
Wolof	0	0	0	55	25	30
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	10	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	85	140
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	125	70	55
American Sign Language	0	0	0	40	15	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	35	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	430	230	205
Chinese languages	0	0	0	425	230	195
Cantonese	0	0	0	100	55	50
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	325	165	160
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	120	50	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	70	35	40
Uyghur	0	0	0	45	25	25
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	80	40	45
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	70	35	40
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,275	1,655	1,625	96,510	48,040	48,475
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,230	1,630	1,605	94,360	46,955	47,405
Canadian citizens aged under 18	910	465	440	20,955	10,805	10,145
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,325	1,160	1,165	73,400	36,150	37,250
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	45	25	20	2,160	1,085	1,075
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,280	1,655	1,620	96,515	48,040	48,475
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,100	1,575	1,520	86,560	43,085	43,475
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	175	75	100	9,585	4,710	4,865
Before 1981	50	20	35	2,335	1,180	1,155
1981 to 1990	25	20	10	1,010	510	500
1991 to 2000	35	15	20	1,730	840	890
2001 to 2010	60	20	45	3,415	1,700	1,715
2001 to 2005	10	0	10	1,460	775	685
2006 to 2010	50	10	40	1,950	920	1,030
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	0	0	0	1,090	480	610
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	375	240	130
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	175	75	100	9,580	4,715	4,870
Under 5 years	35	20	10	1,005	515	490
5 to 14 years	45	15	35	1,635	815	820
15 to 24 years	35	20	15	1,815	795	1,015
25 to 44 years	60	25	35	4,545	2,305	2,240
45 years and over	0	0	10	580	275	305
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175	75	105	9,580	4,710	4,865
Americas	45	20	25	2,855	1,275	1,590
Brazil	0	0	0	70	40	40
Colombia	0	0	0	185	95	90
El Salvador	20	15	0	155	75	80
Guyana	0	0	0	65	40	30
Haiti	0	0	0	320	130	190
Jamaica	0	0	0	255	95	165
Mexico	0	0	0	215	110	105
Peru	0	0	0	120	45	75
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	10	185	85	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	285	105	175
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	990	450	535
Europe	80	40	45	3,250	1,735	1,515
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	10	0	10
Croatia	0	0	0	20	10	10
France	0	0	0	530	320	215
Germany	15	0	10	155	95	65
Greece	10	10	10	65	35	30
Hungary	0	0	0	35	25	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	20	15	0
Italy	0	0	0	280	185	100
Netherlands	10	0	0	50	20	25
Poland	0	0	0	215	95	120
Portugal	0	0	0	135	65	75
Romania	0	0	0	360	185	175
Russian Federation	0	0	0	285	140	150
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	20	15	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	225	120	105
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	15	20	215	80	130
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	630	330	295
Africa	10	0	10	2,085	1,050	1,030
Algeria	0	0	0	330	175	155
Egypt	0	0	0	75	50	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	15	0	20
Morocco	0	0	0	465	245	220
Nigeria	0	0	0	55	25	35
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	10	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,120	555	575
Asia	35	10	25	1,385	655	730
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	75	45	35
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	280	115	165
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	15	15	0
India	0	0	0	95	45	55
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	110	50	60
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	95	55	40
Pakistan	0	0	0	75	50	20
Philippines	30	10	25	135	35	100
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	50	25	25
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	390	195	190
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	10	0	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	10	1,090	485	605
Americas	10	0	0	310	135	175
Brazil	0	0	0	10	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0	40	15	25
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	55	20	35
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	55	35	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	25	15	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	105	35	70
Europe	0	0	0	270	125	145
France	0	0	0	60	25	35
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Romania	0	0	0	20	0	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	60	30	30
Ukraine	0	0	0	55	25	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	45	25	25
Africa	0	0	0	345	145	205
Algeria	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	95	45	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15	15	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	15	10	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	25	0	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	35	15	20
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	130	45	90
Asia	0	0	0	160	70	90
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	30	10	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	35	10	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	60	35	20
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,275	1,655	1,625	96,515	48,040	48,475
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	175	75	100	10,115	5,060	5,055
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	290	155	135	9,395	4,775	4,615
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,810	1,425	1,385	77,005	38,200	38,805
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	125	55	75	7,330	3,570	3,760
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	65	25	40	3,865	2,005	1,850
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	15	10	10	1,720	1,045	680
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	45	15	30	2,145	965	1,180
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	35	10	20	2,040	845	1,190
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	30	20	10	1,300	650	655
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	130	65	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,280	1,655	1,625	96,510	48,040	48,475
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	195	95	100	1,765	895	870
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	190	90	100	1,680	860	815
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	70	40	30	1,075	550	520
Métis	120	55	65	585	295	290
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	45	10	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	45	25	25
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,085	1,555	1,525	94,745	47,140	47,605
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,280	1,655	1,625	96,515	48,040	48,475
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	45	30	15	835	455	380
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,230	1,625	1,605	95,675	47,580	48,095
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,280	1,655	1,620	96,515	48,040	48,475
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	50	45	0	900	440	460
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	45	45	0	880	430	445
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	35	30	0	715	335	380
Métis single ancestry	15	15	0	155	95	65
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	245	125	125	3,495	1,775	1,720
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	240	115	125	3,460	1,750	1,715
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	40	55	3,055	1,520	1,535
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	75	70	380	210	175
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	25	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	10	0	35	30	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	30	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	2,980	1,490	1,495	92,110	45,820	46,290
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,280	1,650	1,625	96,510	48,040	48,475
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	90	35	50	9,870	4,910	4,950
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	845	490	355
Chinese	15	0	10	565	285	280
Black	10	10	0	4,500	2,210	2,290
Filipino	35	10	20	200	80	120
Latin American	30	15	15	1,555	805	755
Arab	0	0	0	1,295	670	625
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	210	80	125
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	195	70	125
Korean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0	15	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	10	10	150	60	85
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	315	150	165
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,185	1,615	1,575	86,645	43,125	43,520
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,275	1,650	1,625	96,515	48,040	48,475
North American Aboriginal origins	295	170	125	4,400	2,220	2,185
First Nations (North American Indian)	135	75	60	3,825	1,885	1,935
Inuit	0	0	0	55	30	25
Métis	165	95	70	580	335	245
Other North American origins	1,400	730	670	62,050	30,685	31,365
Acadian	0	0	0	495	240	255
American	60	25	30	560	270	290
Canadian	1,375	730	650	59,410	29,340	30,065
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Québécois	0	0	0	2,545	1,325	1,215
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	2,410	1,185	1,230	39,505	19,755	19,745
British Isles origins	1,620	755	865	14,495	6,975	7,525
Channel Islander	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,000	460	540	5,235	2,580	2,660
Irish	620	305	310	8,475	4,075	4,405
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	760	345	410	4,320	2,025	2,295
Welsh	85	45	40	250	120	130
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	130	45	85	715	290	425
French origins	420	215	205	21,400	10,815	10,580
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Breton	0	0	0	150	70	80
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	420	215	200	21,290	10,770	10,520
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,040	485	555	3,695	1,885	1,810
Austrian	40	15	25	210	145	60
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	630	310	320
Dutch	245	130	115	490	265	230
Flemish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	800	355	450	2,225	1,100	1,120
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	25	0	20	315	165	150
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	285	110	170	370	180	190
Danish	50	15	35	65	45	20
Finnish	0	0	0	60	30	30
Icelandic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	190	75	115	95	20	75
Swedish	35	20	20	90	45	45
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	10	85	35	45
Eastern European origins	470	225	245	3,780	1,975	1,800
Bulgarian	0	10	0	170	100	60
Byelorussian	0	0	0	95	50	45
Czech	0	0	0	55	35	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	30	15	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	35	15	285	160	125
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	65	30	35
Moldovan	0	0	0	100	55	50
Polish	120	70	45	1,100	580	525
Romanian	45	35	15	710	350	365
Russian	35	15	15	910	470	440
Slovak	0	0	0	50	25	25
Ukrainian	270	105	165	870	495	375
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins	150	80	70	6,300	3,260	3,045
Albanian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bosnian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	120	55	70
Cypriot	0	0	0	25	10	10
Greek	25	15	10	500	280	220
Italian	80	40	45	3,870	1,965	1,905
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Maltese	10	0	0	10	10	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	10	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	810	385	420
Serbian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	30	20	0
Spanish	25	20	0	1,195	690	510
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	10	0	15	345	150	185
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	250	105	140
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	85	40	40
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	2,900	1,380	1,515
Antiguan	0	0	0	50	15	30
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	405	185	215
Bermudan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Carib	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuban	0	0	0	90	50	40
Dominican	0	0	0	125	50	75
Grenadian	0	0	0	80	40	45
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	820	370	450
Jamaican	0	0	0	695	340	350
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	30	10	25
St. Lucian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	290	115	175
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	280	135	145
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	240	125	110
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	105	45	65
Latin, Central and South American origins	50	10	35	2,185	1,145	1,035
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	55	25	30
Arawak	0	0	0	15	10	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	35	10	20
Belizean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Chilean	10	0	10	95	50	45
Colombian	10	0	10	245	130	110
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	320	170	155
Guyanese	0	0	0	80	55	25
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	65	30	35
Maya	0	0	0	40	20	25
Mexican	10	0	10	465	245	215
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	70	50	25
Panamanian	0	0	0	70	30	35
Paraguayan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	290	145	150
Salvadorean	30	15	20	235	115	115
Uruguayan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	115	50	65
African origins	10	0	10	3,415	1,770	1,640
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	1,000	530	465
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	25	10	15
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	0	20
Cameroonian	0	0	0	280	160	120
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0	275	130	145
Edo	0	0	0	10	15	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	35	20	10
Guinean	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Liberian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	80	30	50
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	15	15	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	70	35	35
North African origins	0	0	0	1,400	760	645
Algerian	0	0	0	395	220	170
Berber	0	0	0	145	65	80
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	135	80	50
Libyan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	620	335	290
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	150	75	75
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	440	235	210
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burundian	0	0	0	60	35	30
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	75	35	35
Mauritian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	145	80	60
Seychellois	0	0	0	25	15	10
Somali	0	0	0	15	10	10
South African	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Other African origins	10	10	0	630	285	350
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	545	240	310
Asian origins	70	25	45	3,545	1,805	1,735
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	15	0	10	1,355	715	635
Afghan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	375	190	185
Armenian	0	0	0	70	30	35
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	10	0
Israeli	10	0	0	85	60	25
Jordanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	40	25	15
Lebanese	10	0	0	310	155	155
Palestinian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	100	50	50
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	20	0	15
Turk	0	0	0	120	70	55
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	35	20	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	10	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	10	10	0
South Asian origins	0	10	0	1,000	575	425
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	105	55	50
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	10	0	0	640	360	280
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	155	100	55
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	60	30	30
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	25	20	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	50	15	35	1,335	610	725
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	105	40	65
Chinese	15	10	10	810	420	395
Filipino	35	10	25	315	135	185
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0	55	15	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	10	15
Laotian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	10	95	30	60
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Oceania origins	20	10	15	15	10	10
Australian	0	0	10	20	10	10
New Zealander	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
Owner	1,055	...	...	29,395	...	...
Renter	180	...	...	9,120	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,235	...	...	38,520	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	2,720	...	...
Not condominium	1,220	...	...	35,800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,235	...	...	38,520	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	60	...	...
1 bedroom	45	...	...	3,250	...	...
2 bedrooms	190	...	...	10,215	...	...
3 bedrooms	480	...	...	15,035	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	525	...	...	9,965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,235	...	...	38,520	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	160	...	...	8,470	...	...
5 rooms	195	...	...	6,110	...	...
6 rooms	220	...	...	5,590	...	...
7 rooms	225	...	...	6,190	...	...
8 or more rooms	440	...	...	12,160	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,230	...	...	38,335	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
Suitable	1,220	...	...	37,630	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	885	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
1960 or before	75	...	...	7,800	...	...
1961 to 1980	330	...	...	12,875	...	...
1981 to 1990	100	...	...	4,975	...	...
1991 to 2000	90	...	...	3,620	...	...
2001 to 2005	70	...	...	2,195	...	...
2006 to 2010	235	...	...	3,995	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	335	...	...	3,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,175	...	...	36,285	...	...
Major repairs needed	60	...	...	2,235	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
1 household maintainer	705	...	...	22,175	...	...
2 household maintainers	500	...	...	15,815	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	25	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,235	...	...	38,515	...	...
15 to 24 years	45	...	...	960	...	...
25 to 34 years	370	...	...	5,045	...	...
35 to 44 years	265	...	...	6,740	...	...
45 to 54 years	255	...	...	8,050	...	...
55 to 64 years	170	...	...	7,850	...	...
65 to 74 years	95	...	...	5,655	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	3,160	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	1,065	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,235	...	...	37,955	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,035	...	...	30,765	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	200	...	...	7,195	...	...
30% to less than 100%	180	...	...	6,495	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,050	...	...	28,920	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	79.1	...	...	66.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.3	...	...	13.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,628	...	...	1,116	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,549	...	...	1,124	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,388	...	...	249,862	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	304,967	...	...	264,286	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	185	...	...	9,075	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.9	...	...	36.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,259	...	...	730	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,285	...	...	771	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,465	1,230	1,235	78,710	38,860	39,850
No certificate, diploma or degree	505	275	230	17,550	9,290	8,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	740	425	315	20,685	10,035	10,645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,220	535	690	40,480	19,535	20,945
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	360	285	75	15,740	9,450	6,290
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	110	75	35	11,075	5,800	5,275
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	250	205	45	4,665	3,655	1,010
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	570	165	400	13,175	5,310	7,860
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	20	65	2,280	900	1,385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	215	60	155	9,285	3,880	5,410
Bachelor's degree	195	55	135	6,615	2,635	3,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	980	460	520
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	190	85	110
Master's degree	10	0	10	1,375	610	760
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	125	80	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,970	975	990	51,605	25,620	25,990
No certificate, diploma or degree	300	170	130	7,590	4,505	3,090
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	610	360	255	12,590	6,280	6,310
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,055	455	605	31,420	14,835	16,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	310	250	70	12,345	7,225	5,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	90	65	20	8,685	4,380	4,305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	225	180	40	3,655	2,845	815
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	480	135	345	9,645	3,820	5,820
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	15	50	1,705	665	1,040
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200	50	150	7,725	3,120	4,610
Bachelor's degree	180	45	130	5,570	2,205	3,360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	780	325	455
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	145	60	85
Master's degree	10	10	10	1,145	475	665
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	95	55	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,465	1,230	1,235	78,710	38,860	39,850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,240	700	545	38,230	19,330	18,905
Education	65	10	65	2,845	535	2,310
13. Education	65	0	65	2,850	535	2,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	10	15	1,360	605	750
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	240	180	60
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	10	1,115	425	690
Humanities	50	25	20	1,605	620	985
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	175	35	145
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	80	25	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	905	370	535
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	50	40	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10	100	60	45
54. History	0	0	0	75	40	30
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	215	50	155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	90	15	75	3,235	910	2,320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	290	100	195
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	30	0	30	1,010	55	960
22. Legal professions and studies	35	0	35	500	175	325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	60	30	30
42. Psychology	10	10	10	375	115	260
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	980	440	545
Business, management and public administration	205	35	175	8,825	2,580	6,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	0	35	360	35	325
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	165	30	135	8,465	2,540	5,920
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	1,075	670	410
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	290	145	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	210	145	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	135	70	65
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	315	220	100
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	120	85	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	20	10	1,350	975	375
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	15	15	1,200	890	305
25. Library science	0	0	0	40	10	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	100	60	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	355	335	15	10,225	9,430	790
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	220	100	120
14. Engineering	30	30	10	1,000	780	220
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	55	55	0	1,885	1,675	210
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	85	85	0	2,780	2,670	110
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	115	105	10	2,660	2,585	75
48. Precision production	60	65	0	1,675	1,620	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	15	15	875	555	315
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	10	15	775	500	285
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	95	60	35
Health and related fields	245	20	220	5,305	740	4,565
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	20	0	20	285	130	150
51. Health professions and related programs	225	20	200	5,010	610	4,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	120	55	70	3,765	1,905	1,865
12. Personal and culinary services	85	30	60	1,985	415	1,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	25	25	0
43. Security and protective services	20	10	10	790	595	190
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	970	870	95
Other	0	0	0	15	10	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	10	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,965	980	990	51,605	25,620	25,990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	910	530	380	20,185	10,785	9,400
Education	45	10	45	1,835	300	1,530
13. Education	50	0	45	1,835	305	1,530
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	15	1,045	465	585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	180	135	45
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	865	320	540
Humanities	50	25	25	1,015	390	625
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	135	15	115
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	65	20	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	535	240	300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	25	25	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	15	50	30	15
54. History	0	0	0	45	25	25
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	155	35	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	85	15	70	2,635	735	1,900
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	220	65	150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	825	30	790
22. Legal professions and studies	35	0	35	425	150	275
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	40	30	10
42. Psychology	10	10	0	310	100	210
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	805	355	450
Business, management and public administration	170	25	140	7,205	2,005	5,200
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30	10	25	300	30	270
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	140	20	115	6,900	1,965	4,940
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	10	675	410	265
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	235	100	135
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	110	80	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	225	155	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	90	65	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	15	15	1,150	825	325
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	15	15	1,065	790	270
25. Library science	0	0	0	20	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	55	25	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	295	275	20	7,895	7,175	720
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	200	85	110
14. Engineering	25	20	0	875	675	195
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	50	45	0	1,490	1,305	190
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	80	80	0	2,030	1,935	95
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	80	70	10	2,020	1,940	75
48. Precision production	60	60	0	1,285	1,235	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	15	15	660	405	255
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	25	10	15	590	355	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	70	50	20
Health and related fields	215	20	200	4,270	575	3,695
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	20	0	20	220	95	130
51. Health professions and related programs	195	15	180	4,040	485	3,555
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	105	50	55	3,015	1,545	1,475
12. Personal and culinary services	75	25	45	1,560	325	1,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	15	0	10	615	460	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	830	745	90
Other	0	0	0	15	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	15	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,465	1,235	1,240	78,710	38,860	39,850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,240	700	545	38,235	19,330	18,905
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,220	535	695	40,480	19,535	20,945
Location of study inside Canada	1,190	525	660	37,340	17,810	19,530
Same as province or territory of residence	935	405	525	36,595	17,370	19,225
Different than province or territory of residence	250	120	130	745	440	300
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	40	10	35	3,140	1,720	1,420
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	0	10	180	110	70
Philippines	10	0	0	60	20	40
India	0	0	0	20	15	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	0	10	80	40	40
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	120	65	60
France	0	0	0	380	245	135
Other	0	0	0	2,290	1,220	1,075
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,970	975	990	51,605	25,615	25,990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	910	525	380	20,180	10,785	9,400
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,060	450	610	31,420	14,830	16,585
Location of study inside Canada	1,025	450	575	28,895	13,530	15,370
Same as province or territory of residence	795	340	450	28,365	13,210	15,155
Different than province or territory of residence	230	105	120	530	315	215
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	35	0	35	2,525	1,300	1,225
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	0	15	140	80	65
Philippines	10	0	10	55	15	40
India	0	0	0	25	20	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	55	30	20
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	105	50	55
France	0	0	0	300	185	120
Other	0	0	10	1,845	930	915
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,470	1,235	1,235	78,710	38,860	39,845
In the labour force	1,875	990	885	51,910	27,025	24,885
Employed	1,680	845	835	48,450	25,110	23,340
Unemployed	200	150	50	3,465	1,915	1,545
Not in the labour force	590	240	345	26,800	11,835	14,970
Participation rate	75.9	80.2	71.7	66.0	69.5	62.5
Employment rate	68.0	68.4	67.6	61.6	64.6	58.6
Unemployment rate	10.7	15.2	5.6	6.7	7.1	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,465	1,235	1,235	78,710	38,865	39,850
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	465	195	275	25,385	10,945	14,445
Worked	2,000	1,040	960	53,320	27,920	25,405
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	985	550	435	26,420	14,770	11,645
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,015	485	525	26,905	13,150	13,760
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.6	41.2	43.3	43.6	43.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,880	990	890	51,910	27,025	24,880
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	25	25	10	1,135	555	580
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,850	965	880	50,780	26,475	24,305
Employee	1,675	875	800	44,855	22,685	22,170
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	170	90	80	5,920	3,785	2,135
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,875	990	885	51,910	27,025	24,885
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	25	0	1,130	550	575
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,845	965	885	50,780	26,475	24,305
0 Management occupations	150	75	85	5,205	3,380	1,825
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	260	60	205	8,540	2,210	6,330
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	80	60	15	2,530	1,960	565
3 Health occupations	120	0	120	3,495	530	2,960
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	200	45	150	5,115	1,160	3,955
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	25	0	1,170	540	630
6 Sales and service occupations	350	105	245	11,395	4,895	6,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	460	435	25	9,655	9,115	535
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	110	20	1,220	905	320
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	65	60	10	2,450	1,770	680
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,875	990	885	51,910	27,025	24,885
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	25	20	0	1,130	555	575
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,845	965	880	50,780	26,475	24,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	20	20	1,950	1,330	620
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	190	155	40	130	110	20
22 Utilities	10	0	0	350	275	75
23 Construction	245	210	30	4,025	3,475	550
31-33 Manufacturing	95	85	15	5,400	3,925	1,475
41 Wholesale trade	70	45	20	2,460	1,635	825
44-45 Retail trade	220	110	110	6,340	3,005	3,335
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	85	55	25	3,815	2,825	995
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	10	1,065	575	485
52 Finance and insurance	45	15	35	1,975	580	1,390
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	0	20	695	380	315
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	80	45	35	2,500	1,205	1,300
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	15	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	50	25	25	2,140	1,400	745
61 Educational services	75	15	60	3,255	855	2,400
62 Health care and social assistance	220	15	205	6,435	925	5,510
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	10	15	945	470	475
72 Accommodation and food services	105	20	80	2,670	1,030	1,645
81 Other services (except public administration)	120	70	50	2,390	1,225	1,165
91 Public administration	140	70	65	2,220	1,250	970
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,680	840	840	48,450	25,110	23,340
Worked at home	95	25	70	3,170	1,585	1,585
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	130	105	30
No fixed workplace address	290	235	55	4,760	3,755	1,005
Worked at usual place	1,285	575	710	40,390	19,670	20,720
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,280	575	710	40,385	19,665	20,720
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	85	30	55	9,450	4,255	5,195
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,105	475	630	6,435	2,795	3,645
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	95	70	25	24,435	12,580	11,860
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	65	40	25
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,575	805	765	45,145	23,420	21,730
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,480	755	730	37,665	20,415	17,250
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	45	25	20	1,610	590	1,015
Public transit	20	20	10	3,710	1,310	2,400
Walked	20	10	15	1,560	750	810
Bicycle	0	0	0	220	170	50
Other method	0	10	0	385	180	200
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,575	810	765	45,145	23,420	21,730
Less than 15 minutes	285	145	135	12,000	5,570	6,425
15 to 29 minutes	930	385	545	11,600	5,980	5,620
30 to 44 minutes	230	150	75	10,830	6,035	4,790
45 to 59 minutes	35	30	0	5,670	3,200	2,465
60 minutes and over	105	95	10	5,055	2,635	2,420
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,575	810	765	45,145	23,420	21,725
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	115	75	35	5,045	3,800	1,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	425	260	170	10,065	5,910	4,160
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	510	250	260	12,425	5,475	6,955
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	200	70	130	6,760	2,480	4,280
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	115	65	50	3,560	1,365	2,195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	210	95	115	7,285	4,400	2,890
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,030	1,050	975	54,695	28,485	26,210
Single responses	2,030	1,050	980	49,195	25,685	23,505
Official languages	2,020	1,045	980	48,980	25,535	23,445
English	2,020	1,045	970	7,075	3,520	3,560
French	0	0	10	41,895	22,010	19,885
Non-official languages	10	10	0	220	155	65
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	220	155	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	170	125	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	155	120	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Spanish	0	0	0	140	120	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cantonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	5,505	2,795	2,705
English and French	0	0	0	5,245	2,655	2,590
English and non-official language	0	0	0	60	40	20
French and non-official language	0	0	0	95	55	40
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	105	50	55
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,025	1,050	980	54,700	28,485	26,215
None	1,995	1,030	960	33,055	17,295	15,760
English	10	0	0	16,695	8,650	8,040
French	10	0	10	4,190	2,130	2,065
Non-official language	15	10	10	500	305	195
Aboriginal	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	20	10	10	480	300	185
English and French	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	175	70	105
French and non-official language	0	0	0	60	25	40
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,215	1,610	1,600	95,435	47,505	47,935
Non-movers	2,630	1,335	1,295	86,795	43,290	43,505
Movers	585	280	310	8,640	4,215	4,425
Non-migrants	95	65	25	3,125	1,525	1,595
Migrants	495	215	280	5,515	2,680	2,830
Internal migrants	475	200	270	5,210	2,495	2,720
Intraprovincial migrants	430	185	250	5,110	2,425	2,680
Interprovincial migrants	50	20	25	105	70	30
External migrants	20	10	10	305	190	110
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	2,945	1,485	1,460	90,595	45,070	45,520
Non-movers	1,360	670	690	62,065	31,020	31,045
Movers	1,580	815	770	28,530	14,050	14,475
Non-migrants	320	180	135	11,540	5,740	5,800
Migrants	1,265	630	630	16,990	8,310	8,680
Internal migrants	1,250	625	630	15,905	7,755	8,150
Intraprovincial migrants	1,030	515	515	15,540	7,560	7,980
Interprovincial migrants	220	105	115	370	195	175
External migrants	15	10	10	1,085	560	525

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Penhold, T [Census subdivision], Alberta and Châteauguay--Lacolle [Federal electoral district], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Penhold, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Châteauguay--Lacolle [Federal electoral district], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Penhold, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Châteauguay--Lacolle [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Penhold, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Châteauguay--Lacolle [Federal electoral district], Quebec