Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ponoka County, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Alberta and Glengarry--Prescott--Russell [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ponoka County, MD Alberta [Census subdivision]			Glengarry--Prescott--Russell Ontario [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Ponoka County, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : Ponoka County, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Glengarry--Prescott--Russell [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	9,806	...	...	109,975	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	8,856	...	...	106,240	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	10.7	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	4,199	...	...	45,265	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,535	...	...	43,437	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.5	...	...	37.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,814.26	...	...	2,909.20	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	9,805	5,090	4,720	109,975	54,430	55,545
0 to 14 years	1,855	975	880	18,075	9,175	8,900
0 to 4 years	600	305	290	5,695	2,825	2,870
5 to 9 years	615	320	295	6,205	3,195	3,010
10 to 14 years	645	345	300	6,175	3,155	3,025
15 to 64 years	6,450	3,280	3,175	72,270	35,995	36,280
15 to 19 years	640	315	325	6,300	3,235	3,070
20 to 24 years	505	265	240	5,830	3,030	2,795
25 to 29 years	445	240	210	5,635	2,775	2,860
30 to 34 years	555	300	255	5,925	2,950	2,975
35 to 39 years	545	280	265	6,235	3,010	3,225
40 to 44 years	590	300	295	6,830	3,310	3,520
45 to 49 years	680	335	350	7,750	3,850	3,900
50 to 54 years	790	370	425	10,060	5,075	4,990
55 to 59 years	925	490	435	9,550	4,750	4,800
60 to 64 years	770	400	370	8,150	4,005	4,145
65 years and over	1,500	835	665	19,625	9,265	10,360
65 to 69 years	625	350	275	6,850	3,445	3,405
70 to 74 years	375	215	165	5,095	2,515	2,580
75 to 79 years	235	120	115	3,290	1,600	1,690
80 to 84 years	155	95	65	2,170	980	1,185
85 years and over	100	50	50	2,225	725	1,500
85 to 89 years	70	40	35	1,325	480	845
90 to 94 years	25	10	15	700	205	490
95 to 99 years	5	0	0	180	35	145
100 years and over	0	0	0	15	0	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.9	19.2	18.6	16.4	16.9	16.0
15 to 64 years	65.8	64.4	67.3	65.7	66.1	65.3
65 years and over	15.3	16.4	14.1	17.8	17.0	18.7
85 years and over	1.0	1.0	1.1	2.0	1.3	2.7
Average age of the population	40.6	40.8	40.3	42.5	41.8	43.1
Median age of the population	43.0	43.0	43.1	45.1	44.6	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,535	...	...	43,435	...	...
Single-detached house	3,055	...	...	32,850	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	140	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	20	...	...	10,045	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	2,345	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	1,120	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	2,045	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	4,410	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	125	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	455	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,535	...	...	43,440	...	...
1 person	625	...	...	9,930	...	...
2 persons	1,535	...	...	17,125	...	...
3 persons	495	...	...	6,835	...	...
4 persons	455	...	...	6,425	...	...
5 or more persons	415	...	...	3,115	...	...
Number of persons in private households	9,390	...	...	107,300	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	7,955	4,115	3,840	91,900	45,255	46,645
Married or living common law	5,505	2,750	2,755	58,515	29,215	29,300
Married	4,920	2,460	2,460	45,120	22,555	22,570
Living common law	585	290	295	13,395	6,660	6,730
Not married and not living common law	2,445	1,365	1,085	33,385	16,045	17,345
Never married	1,670	980	690	20,850	11,545	9,310
Separated	135	80	55	2,455	1,195	1,265
Divorced	355	205	145	4,630	2,120	2,510
Widowed	295	100	195	5,450	1,185	4,260
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,865	...	...	33,165	...	...
2 persons	1,570	...	...	17,895	...	...
3 persons	485	...	...	6,690	...	...
4 persons	455	...	...	6,150	...	...
5 or more persons	350	...	...	2,430	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,865	...	...	33,160	...	...
Total couple families	2,665	...	...	28,860	...	...
Married couples	2,375	...	...	22,165	...	...
Common-law couples	295	...	...	6,690	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	205	...	...	4,305	...	...
Female parent	130	...	...	3,120	...	...
Male parent	80	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	2,665	...	...	28,860	...	...
Couples without children	1,445	...	...	15,250	...	...
Couples with children	1,220	...	...	13,610	...	...
1 child	440	...	...	5,440	...	...
2 children	435	...	...	5,830	...	...
3 or more children	345	...	...	2,340	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	200	...	...	4,305	...	...
1 child	125	...	...	2,645	...	...
2 children	50	...	...	1,250	...	...
3 or more children	30	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,005	590	410	13,920	6,835	7,080
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,535	...	...	43,435	...	...
One-census-family households	2,780	...	...	31,890	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,400	...	...	14,640	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,380	...	...	17,250	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	45	...	...	630	...	...
Non-census-family households	710	...	...	10,920	...	...
One-person households	630	...	...	9,930	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	85	...	...	985	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	9,475	4,890	4,585	108,345	53,765	54,575
English only	9,260	4,790	4,470	25,905	13,455	12,455
French only	0	0	0	10,810	4,995	5,820
English and French	195	85	105	71,525	35,280	36,245
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	100	45	60
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	9,475	4,895	4,585	108,340	53,770	54,575
English	9,390	4,840	4,545	42,410	21,405	21,010
French	60	35	25	64,825	31,845	32,985
English and French	0	5	0	1,020	485	535
Neither English nor French	25	10	10	90	35	50
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	65	35	30	65,330	32,085	33,250
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.7	0.7	0.7	60.3	59.7	60.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	9,475	4,890	4,585	108,345	53,770	54,575
Single responses	9,425	4,865	4,560	105,895	52,570	53,325
Official languages	8,610	4,425	4,180	102,245	50,760	51,485
English	8,540	4,385	4,155	38,265	19,345	18,920
French	70	40	30	63,975	31,415	32,565
Non-official languages	820	440	375	3,645	1,810	1,835
Aboriginal languages	35	15	15	25	5	15
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	15	10	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Plains Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	790	420	360	3,625	1,805	1,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	275	155	120
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	275	155	115
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	265	150	115
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	15	30	110	20	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	5
Malay	0	0	0	10	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	80	15	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	95	40	55
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	30	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	25	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	720	395	320	2,700	1,365	1,335
Albanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15	485	215	270
Baltic languages	5	0	0	20	10	10
Latvian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	30	20	15	465	210	255
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Croatian	5	0	0	30	10	15
Czech	5	0	0	35	15	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	160	65	95
Russian	10	5	5	100	35	60
Serbian	0	5	0	40	25	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	60	30	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	665	370	295	1,190	590	600
Afrikaans	15	5	10	10	5	0
Danish	15	5	5	25	15	10
Dutch	310	175	130	320	155	170
Frisian	20	10	5	5	5	0
German	300	165	135	805	395	405
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	20	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	5	105	60	45
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	240	130	115
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	205	105	95
Bengali	0	0	0	65	35	25
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	20	15
Hindi	0	0	0	15	10	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	60	25	35
Iranian languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15	660	355	305
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	225	140	90
Portuguese	0	0	0	135	75	60
Romanian	5	0	0	50	20	30
Spanish	20	5	15	245	120	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	15	5	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	65	35	30
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	5	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	5	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5	15	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	115	45	70
Chinese languages	0	0	0	115	40	70
Cantonese	5	0	0	40	15	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	15	5	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	5	0
Thai	0	0	5	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	40	25	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	25	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	100	55	45
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Finnish	5	5	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	5	5	0	90	50	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Multiple responses	45	25	25	2,455	1,195	1,255
English and French	5	0	5	2,025	985	1,040
English and non-official language	40	20	20	215	105	115
French and non-official language	5	0	0	140	70	65
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	70	40	35
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	9,475	4,890	4,580	108,345	53,770	54,575
Single responses	9,370	4,835	4,530	105,150	52,255	52,900
Official languages	9,075	4,680	4,390	104,060	51,720	52,340
English	9,060	4,675	4,390	46,780	23,660	23,115
French	15	5	5	57,280	28,055	29,220
Non-official languages	295	155	140	1,090	535	555
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	290	155	135	1,090	530	560
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	95	45	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	95	45	45
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	95	45	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	15	20	20	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	15	5	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	15	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	255	140	115	745	375	370
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	120	55	55
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	120	60	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	30	15	10
Russian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Serbian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	240	135	105	280	145	140
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	80	40	35	25	10	15
Frisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
German	145	75	60	250	125	125
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	40	20	25
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	120	60	60
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	105	55	50
Bengali	0	0	0	35	20	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	10	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	5	185	95	90
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Spanish	10	5	10	100	50	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	35	15	20
American Sign Language	5	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	20	5	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	60	25	30
Chinese languages	5	0	0	55	30	30
Cantonese	0	5	0	10	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	40	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	5	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	105	50	50	3,190	1,515	1,680
English and French	5	0	5	2,485	1,155	1,325
English and non-official language	100	55	45	470	225	245
French and non-official language	0	0	0	105	60	50
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	135	75	65
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	9,475	4,890	4,580	108,345	53,770	54,575
None	8,960	4,625	4,330	79,050	39,500	39,545
English	170	90	85	17,765	8,670	9,090
French	25	15	15	9,790	4,765	5,025
Non-official language	305	160	150	1,400	660	740
Aboriginal	25	15	10	10	5	10
Non-Aboriginal	280	145	135	1,385	660	730
English and French	0	0	0	60	30	30
English and non-official language	10	5	0	135	65	70
French and non-official language	0	0	5	150	65	80
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,550	3,885	3,670	89,240	44,235	45,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,245	3,755	3,490	86,115	42,755	43,355
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,171	48,794	29,594	38,647	44,639	33,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,250	3,755	3,495	86,150	42,760	43,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,605	42,944	27,672	34,477	39,163	29,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,880	3,630	3,250	77,840	39,505	38,340
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,808	47,120	26,528	37,604	43,428	31,718
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,085	1,740	2,345	59,565	27,125	32,440
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,856	8,080	5,072	6,778	6,840	6,705
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,865	3,165	2,700	64,510	33,570	30,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,232	41,401	23,957	38,184	42,823	33,586
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	7,505	3,840	3,660	89,280	44,275	45,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,155	3,705	3,450	86,260	42,865	43,400
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	55,832	70,833	39,710	46,456	52,464	40,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,160	3,705	3,450	86,290	42,870	43,420
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,816	56,530	34,316	38,893	43,337	34,506
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,805	3,580	3,230	77,795	39,645	38,155
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,887	68,840	37,294	45,306	51,226	39,154
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,145	1,790	2,350	59,655	27,340	32,315
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,897	8,976	7,073	8,092	7,973	8,193
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,825	3,145	2,680	64,530	33,590	30,940
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,449	58,222	32,617	44,256	48,462	39,690
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	7,500	3,840	3,665	89,275	44,280	45,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,630	1,635	995	33,765	18,835	14,930
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,867	58,745	42,230	55,571	58,840	52,609
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,888	68,685	48,042	60,955	64,275	56,766
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	91.9	94.1	87.8	87.9	90.3	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.0	70.7	63.3	71.6	73.1	69.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	8.1	6.0	12.2	12.1	9.7	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	7,555	3,885	3,670	89,240	44,235	45,000
Without total income	305	130	175	3,125	1,480	1,645
With total income	7,250	3,755	3,495	86,115	42,755	43,360
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.7	95.2	96.5	96.7	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,010	365	640	9,440	3,870	5,570
$10,000 to $19,999	1,000	410	595	14,050	5,630	8,415
$20,000 to $29,999	935	405	530	10,975	4,920	6,055
$30,000 to $39,999	855	395	465	9,875	4,740	5,135
$40,000 to $49,999	685	345	340	9,415	4,780	4,640
$50,000 to $59,999	525	285	240	8,145	4,340	3,805
$60,000 to $69,999	420	240	175	6,555	3,565	2,990
$70,000 to $79,999	350	220	130	4,810	2,850	1,965
$80,000 to $89,999	300	210	90	3,625	2,180	1,440
$90,000 to $99,999	235	150	85	3,025	1,665	1,365
$100,000 and over	940	735	200	6,205	4,225	1,980
$100,000 to $149,999	585	440	150	4,910	3,245	1,665
$150,000 and over	350	295	50	1,295	975	320
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	7,550	3,885	3,665	89,240	44,240	45,005
Without after-tax income	305	125	175	3,095	1,480	1,610
With after-tax income	7,250	3,755	3,495	86,150	42,760	43,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.7	95.4	96.5	96.7	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,040	375	660	9,925	3,990	5,935
$10,000 to $19,999	1,050	435	620	14,620	5,910	8,710
$20,000 to $29,999	1,070	470	600	13,045	5,905	7,135
$30,000 to $39,999	980	470	505	12,255	6,115	6,145
$40,000 to $49,999	795	415	380	11,195	5,945	5,255
$50,000 to $59,999	560	310	245	8,740	4,790	3,950
$60,000 to $69,999	445	290	155	5,840	3,440	2,395
$70,000 to $79,999	340	240	105	4,275	2,470	1,810
$80,000 and over	970	750	220	6,245	4,195	2,050
$80,000 to $89,999	245	170	80	2,655	1,635	1,025
$90,000 to $99,999	195	145	50	1,365	920	445
$100,000 and over	530	430	95	2,220	1,640	580
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	7,550	3,885	3,665	89,240	44,240	45,000
Without employment income	1,690	720	970	24,730	10,665	14,065
With employment income	5,865	3,165	2,700	64,510	33,575	30,940
Percentage with employment income	77.7	81.5	73.7	72.3	75.9	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,010	490	525	8,215	4,230	3,985
$5,000 to $9,999	495	220	275	4,605	2,050	2,555
$10,000 to $19,999	745	335	405	7,705	3,385	4,320
$20,000 to $29,999	585	255	335	6,425	3,005	3,415
$30,000 to $39,999	595	250	345	6,505	3,155	3,350
$40,000 to $49,999	445	240	205	6,455	3,340	3,120
$50,000 to $59,999	400	205	195	6,110	3,195	2,915
$60,000 to $69,999	290	175	110	4,755	2,650	2,105
$70,000 to $79,999	250	170	80	3,625	2,180	1,440
$80,000 and over	1,050	825	225	10,120	6,390	3,730
$80,000 to $89,999	210	155	55	3,020	1,790	1,230
$90,000 to $99,999	175	120	55	2,610	1,410	1,200
$100,000 and over	665	555	110	4,490	3,185	1,300
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,535	...	...	43,435	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,957	...	...	78,905	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,454	...	...	68,557	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	625	...	...	9,935	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,848	...	...	33,945	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,328	...	...	30,629	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,910	...	...	33,505	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,258	...	...	94,429	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,605	...	...	81,559	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	112,979	...	...	92,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	92,769	...	...	77,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	615	...	...	9,930	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	50,585	...	...	43,271	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,941	...	...	36,268	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,915	...	...	33,520	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,215	...	...	106,745	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,339	...	...	89,389	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,535	...	...	43,435	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	340	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	350	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	975	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...	1,650	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	110	...	...	1,585	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	85	...	...	1,435	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	115	...	...	1,740	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	145	...	...	1,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...	1,675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	125	...	...	1,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	245	...	...	3,175	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	215	...	...	3,060	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	200	...	...	2,900	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	250	...	...	2,785	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	210	...	...	2,630	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,515	...	...	15,970	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	390	...	...	5,405	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	330	...	...	3,825	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	410	...	...	4,215	...	...
$200,000 and over	380	...	...	2,525	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,535	...	...	43,435	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	390	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	365	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	1,000	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...	1,700	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	120	...	...	1,775	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	95	...	...	1,585	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	135	...	...	2,030	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	170	...	...	1,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	140	...	...	2,000	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	165	...	...	1,950	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	275	...	...	3,865	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	265	...	...	3,635	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	315	...	...	3,505	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	215	...	...	3,190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	235	...	...	2,765	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,205	...	...	11,745	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	455	...	...	5,205	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	275	...	...	3,125	...	...
$150,000 and over	475	...	...	3,415	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,845	...	...	32,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,261	...	...	94,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,824	...	...	81,416	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,380	...	...	14,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,552	...	...	81,248	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,142	...	...	70,823	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,230	...	...	13,745	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	123,861	...	...	122,842	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,640	...	...	104,320	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	185	...	...	4,040	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,352	...	...	56,111	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,963	...	...	51,456	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,875	...	...	32,815	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,256	...	...	106,634	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,256	...	...	89,223	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,410	...	...	14,315	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,552	...	...	92,062	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,918	...	...	77,125	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,245	...	...	13,730	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	156,444	...	...	134,043	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,040	...	...	111,266	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175	...	...	4,045	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,716	...	...	66,374	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,024	...	...	57,599	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	840	510	325	12,130	6,055	6,080
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,451	40,448	34,944	32,516	36,333	28,720
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,560	36,864	31,936	29,557	32,269	26,641
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	770	450	325	12,210	6,095	6,110
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,459	52,644	40,187	41,644	44,715	38,584
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,514	44,041	35,566	35,096	36,818	33,380
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	9,390	4,845	4,540	107,305	53,405	53,895
In the bottom half of the distribution	3,925	2,010	1,915	45,455	22,050	23,405
In the bottom decile	655	340	310	6,875	3,390	3,480
In the second decile	770	400	370	9,135	4,085	5,045
In the third decile	790	400	395	9,275	4,555	4,720
In the fourth decile	870	435	430	9,540	4,695	4,850
In the fifth decile	845	430	410	10,635	5,325	5,315
In the top half of the distribution	5,465	2,840	2,625	61,845	31,355	30,490
In the sixth decile	895	455	445	11,670	5,920	5,750
In the seventh decile	1,000	535	460	12,325	6,200	6,130
In the eighth decile	1,020	520	495	13,555	6,855	6,700
In the ninth decile	1,070	545	525	14,120	7,210	6,910
In the top decile	1,475	780	700	10,170	5,170	5,000
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	9,385	4,845	4,540	107,300	53,405	53,895
0 to 17 years	2,240	1,150	1,085	21,835	11,105	10,730
0 to 5 years	700	355	345	6,890	3,430	3,455
18 to 64 years	5,770	2,925	2,845	67,830	33,660	34,170
65 years and over	1,375	765	610	17,640	8,640	9,000
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,055	545	510	11,345	5,265	6,075
0 to 17 years	365	195	165	2,560	1,340	1,215
0 to 5 years	135	70	60	855	445	410
18 to 64 years	580	285	300	6,210	2,915	3,290
65 years and over	110	65	45	2,570	1,005	1,570
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2	10.6	9.9	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	16.3	17.0	15.2	11.7	12.1	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	19.3	19.7	17.4	12.4	13.0	11.9
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.7	10.5	9.2	8.7	9.6
65 years and over (%)	8.0	8.5	7.4	14.6	11.6	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	365	190	175	3,570	1,820	1,755
0 to 17 years	110	60	45	710	375	340
0 to 5 years	45	20	20	225	120	110
18 to 64 years	230	110	115	2,630	1,345	1,290
65 years and over	25	15	5	230	100	125
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.3	3.4	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	5.2	4.1	3.3	3.4	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.4	5.6	5.8	3.3	3.5	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.8	2.0	0.8	1.3	1.2	1.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	9,385	4,800	4,585	107,315	53,440	53,875
Official languages	9,380	4,790	4,590	107,235	53,410	53,820
English	9,380	4,790	4,590	96,830	48,535	48,295
French	205	90	110	81,550	40,080	41,475
Non-official languages	910	475	435	6,575	3,080	3,495
Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	45	10	35
Algonquian languages	35	20	10	15	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	15	15	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	0	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	880	460	425	6,525	3,070	3,455
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	420	245	175
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	420	240	175
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	410	245	170
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	55	45	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	15	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	40	30	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	10	40	120	15	105
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	35	105	15	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	110	100
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	30	15	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	165	85	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	815	445	375	4,910	2,325	2,585
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	25	585	255	330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages	45	20	25	565	245	320
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Czech	0	0	0	60	25	40
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	190	70	120
Russian	25	10	15	175	75	95
Serbian	0	0	0	40	25	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	15	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ukrainian	15	10	0	60	30	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	735	425	310	1,530	795	730
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	10	0
Danish	15	10	15	45	20	30
Dutch	400	235	160	370	180	185
Frisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
German	275	160	120	1,095	585	510
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	20	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Greek	0	0	0	150	90	60
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	440	215	225
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	395	185	210
Bengali	0	0	0	100	45	55
Gujarati	0	0	0	85	45	45
Hindi	0	0	0	65	25	35
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	60	35	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	20	0	10
Urdu	0	0	0	110	50	60
Iranian languages	0	0	0	55	35	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	45	30	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	0	40	2,300	1,010	1,295
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	470	230	240
Portuguese	10	0	0	180	120	60
Romanian	0	0	0	75	35	35
Spanish	45	0	35	1,735	715	1,020
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	60	30	30
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	220	115	105
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lingala	0	0	0	40	20	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	65	40	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	60	25	35
Wolof	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	205	55	145
American Sign Language	10	0	10	50	10	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	105	35	75
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	185	85	110
Chinese languages	0	0	0	190	80	105
Cantonese	0	0	0	55	10	45
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	135	60	70
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	30	10	20
Lao	0	0	0	10	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	25	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	35	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	35	25
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	10	180	90	95
Estonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0	30	10	20
Hungarian	10	10	0	150	80	70
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	9,390	4,800	4,585	107,315	53,440	53,880
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	9,065	4,625	4,435	106,040	52,875	53,165
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,260	1,140	1,120	21,655	11,065	10,590
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,805	3,490	3,315	84,380	41,810	42,570
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	320	170	150	1,275	565	715
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	9,385	4,795	4,590	107,315	53,440	53,875
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	8,565	4,385	4,185	101,600	50,615	50,990
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	770	385	390	5,490	2,720	2,775
Before 1981	265	145	120	2,540	1,400	1,135
1981 to 1990	100	50	55	810	410	400
1991 to 2000	180	105	80	835	380	455
2001 to 2010	155	70	85	985	400	585
2001 to 2005	40	10	30	460	190	265
2006 to 2010	115	60	50	530	210	315
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	65	25	40	330	130	195
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	45	30	20	220	105	110
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	770	385	385	5,495	2,720	2,775
Under 5 years	85	40	50	840	435	410
5 to 14 years	155	90	65	1,070	620	450
15 to 24 years	135	60	75	1,250	590	660
25 to 44 years	375	190	180	2,040	950	1,090
45 years and over	30	10	25	290	130	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	775	390	390	5,490	2,720	2,775
Americas	80	35	45	985	420	570
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	15	20	0	20
El Salvador	0	0	0	40	20	15
Guyana	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haiti	0	0	0	155	75	80
Jamaica	0	0	0	75	35	35
Mexico	0	0	0	60	20	40
Peru	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	15	15	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	60	30	30	435	175	265
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	145	55	90
Europe	605	305	295	3,110	1,625	1,485
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	15	10	10
Croatia	0	0	0	35	20	10
France	0	0	0	180	105	75
Germany	75	35	40	300	150	150
Greece	0	0	0	60	35	25
Hungary	0	0	0	60	40	25
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	40	20	15
Italy	0	0	0	130	75	50
Netherlands	300	165	140	310	165	145
Poland	0	0	0	105	50	55
Portugal	0	0	0	60	40	20
Romania	0	10	0	70	35	40
Russian Federation	10	0	10	65	20	40
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	20	20	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	30	0	25
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	140	65	75	985	495	490
Other places of birth in Europe	70	30	40	660	340	315
Africa	30	20	10	435	225	210
Algeria	0	0	0	35	25	15
Egypt	0	0	0	45	25	15
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	30	25	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	290	140	145
Asia	50	15	35	940	430	505
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	60	25	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	125	30	95
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	15	10	10
India	0	0	0	125	60	70
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0	30	30	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Lebanon	0	0	0	170	105	65
Pakistan	0	0	0	65	30	35
Philippines	35	10	30	90	20	75
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	30	10	20
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	10	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	20	15	10
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	10	110	60	50
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	0	25	15	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	65	20	40	330	130	195
Americas	10	0	0	110	45	65
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	30	10	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	15	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	65	25	35
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	40	20	15	75	35	45
France	0	0	0	20	0	15
Germany	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	15	0	30	10	20
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	15	10	0
Africa	0	0	0	55	15	40
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	10	0	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	25	10	15
Asia	15	0	20	80	35	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25	15	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15	20	0	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	9,385	4,800	4,585	107,315	53,440	53,875
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	850	425	425	6,175	3,055	3,115
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,480	810	665	7,865	4,020	3,850
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,060	3,565	3,500	93,275	46,365	46,915
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	515	245	265	3,060	1,385	1,670
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	415	205	210	1,440	745	700
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	175	120	50	645	460	185
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	250	85	160	795	285	510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	95	35	55	1,170	405	765
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	440	240	200
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	9,385	4,795	4,585	107,315	53,440	53,875
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	390	185	205	3,285	1,530	1,760
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	390	185	205	3,150	1,470	1,675
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	170	80	90	1,420	635	780
Métis	210	105	100	1,665	805	865
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15	65	30	30
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	45	20	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	90	30	60
Non-Aboriginal identity	8,995	4,615	4,380	104,025	51,910	52,110
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	9,385	4,800	4,590	107,315	53,440	53,875
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	170	70	95	600	275	325
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	9,215	4,725	4,490	106,715	53,165	53,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	9,390	4,800	4,585	107,315	53,440	53,875
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	130	65	70	900	390	505
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	130	65	70	875	385	490
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	105	45	60	585	265	320
Métis single ancestry	25	15	10	245	100	145
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	45	20	25
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	415	205	215	6,140	2,935	3,205
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	405	200	205	5,985	2,875	3,110
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	95	95	4,060	1,930	2,130
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	200	100	100	1,865	915	955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	60	30	35
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	0	10	155	60	95
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	160	65	95
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	8,835	4,530	4,305	100,275	50,110	50,165
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	9,385	4,800	4,590	107,315	53,440	53,875
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	105	25	75	3,240	1,475	1,760
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	550	260	290
Chinese	10	0	10	270	100	170
Black	15	10	10	1,195	530	670
Filipino	50	10	40	200	60	135
Latin American	15	0	15	250	105	140
Arab	0	0	0	385	230	155
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	10	0	135	75	55
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	40	25	15
Korean	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	55	25	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	55	35	25
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	85	25	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,290	4,770	4,515	104,075	51,960	52,115
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	9,385	4,800	4,585	107,315	53,440	53,875
North American Aboriginal origins	550	265	280	7,040	3,330	3,710
First Nations (North American Indian)	300	140	160	4,820	2,265	2,560
Inuit	20	0	15	105	50	50
Métis	235	125	115	2,285	1,085	1,205
Other North American origins	2,805	1,440	1,365	67,530	33,390	34,140
Acadian	10	0	0	350	160	190
American	250	120	125	825	395	425
Canadian	2,615	1,330	1,285	66,615	32,935	33,680
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	60	40	25
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	155	70	85
Québécois	0	0	0	180	80	105
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	10	10	0
European origins	7,690	3,910	3,780	62,955	31,575	31,380
British Isles origins	4,690	2,235	2,455	32,175	16,100	16,075
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,695	1,290	1,405	14,520	7,270	7,250
Irish	1,595	720	875	15,800	7,590	8,215
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	2,035	1,025	1,015	13,810	6,855	6,950
Welsh	345	135	210	860	400	460
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	190	90	100	1,600	855	740
French origins	705	370	340	36,790	18,160	18,630
Alsatian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Breton	0	0	0	20	15	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	710	365	340	36,750	18,135	18,615
Western European origins (except French origins)	3,895	1,995	1,900	9,375	4,690	4,680
Austrian	65	30	30	250	110	140
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	50	30	20	610	285	320
Dutch	1,320	695	625	2,895	1,465	1,430
Flemish	40	10	25	50	30	20
Frisian	10	0	0	10	0	10
German	2,485	1,250	1,235	5,445	2,700	2,750
Luxembourger	0	0	0	40	20	15
Swiss	195	85	110	695	385	310
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,560	765	795	1,180	640	540
Danish	275	105	165	375	205	165
Finnish	50	25	30	235	120	120
Icelandic	25	20	10	45	10	40
Norwegian	855	400	455	245	115	125
Swedish	540	295	245	295	180	115
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	50	25	25	80	55	20
Eastern European origins	1,410	680	730	3,965	1,950	2,015
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	40	25	15	165	75	90
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	15	0	15	65	35	30
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	10
Hungarian	235	95	140	495	245	250
Latvian	0	0	0	45	20	30
Lithuanian	10	10	0	50	40	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	445	245	195	1,570	705	865
Romanian	120	60	60	145	80	60
Russian	270	115	155	480	235	250
Slovak	15	10	10	105	45	60
Ukrainian	480	235	245	1,275	670	605
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	25	20	0
Southern European origins	215	90	120	3,920	2,045	1,875
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	75	50	30
Cypriot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Greek	15	10	10	275	140	140
Italian	150	65	80	2,415	1,240	1,175
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Maltese	0	0	0	50	20	25
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	420	250	170
Serbian	0	10	0	70	40	35
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	60	45	15
Spanish	30	10	25	525	250	275
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	70	35	35
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	10	10	10	295	145	155
Basque	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jewish	10	0	10	125	70	65
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	150	65	80
Caribbean origins	15	0	10	625	250	385
Antiguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	25	10	10
Dominican	0	0	0	30	15	15
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	225	105	120
Jamaican	0	0	0	245	90	155
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	20	0	15
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	0	0	30	10	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	25	15	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	25	15	10	475	210	270
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	10	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Chilean	0	0	0	25	10	20
Colombian	10	0	10	40	20	20
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	105	45	60
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mexican	10	10	0	95	30	65
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	45	20	35
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salvadorean	0	0	0	55	30	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	20	0	10
African origins	30	20	10	1,065	495	570
Central and West African origins	15	10	10	210	100	115
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0	75	35	40
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	15	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	10	10	0
North African origins	0	0	0	255	140	115
Algerian	0	0	0	55	25	30
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	125	75	45
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	40	20	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	25	15	10	285	135	145
Afrikaner	0	0	0	15	10	10
Amhara	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	20	10	0	120	60	60
Tanzanian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	30	20	15
Other African origins	0	0	0	340	145	200
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	35	15	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	310	135	175
Asian origins	105	35	65	2,195	1,070	1,125
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	15	10	10	830	485	350
Afghan	0	0	0	25	20	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	55	25	25
Armenian	0	0	0	35	20	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Iraqi	0	0	0	70	40	25
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	10	0	495	295	195
Palestinian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	50	35	15
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	40	25	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	20	10	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	0	20	0	15
South Asian origins	0	10	0	575	265	310
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	50	25	30
Bengali	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	10	0	375	185	190
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	85	45	45
Punjabi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	35	20	20
Tamil	0	0	0	10	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	85	20	65	820	330	485
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	40	25	10
Chinese	30	10	25	385	145	240
Filipino	55	10	50	225	70	155
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	0	30	10	15
Japanese	0	0	0	60	20	35
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	40	15	20
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	55	40	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	20	15	0	75	40	35
Australian	15	10	0	65	30	35
New Zealander	15	10	0	10	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,535	...	...	43,450	...	...
Owner	3,165	...	...	34,090	...	...
Renter	370	...	...	9,355	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	2,210	...	...
Not condominium	3,525	...	...	41,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	35	...	...
1 bedroom	100	...	...	2,865	...	...
2 bedrooms	560	...	...	10,760	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,345	...	...	18,745	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,520	...	...	11,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	335	...	...	7,955	...	...
5 rooms	580	...	...	6,705	...	...
6 rooms	600	...	...	7,575	...	...
7 rooms	520	...	...	6,845	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,500	...	...	14,365	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,515	...	...	43,280	...	...
More than 1 person per room	20	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
Suitable	3,505	...	...	42,490	...	...
Not suitable	30	...	...	960	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,535	...	...	43,450	...	...
1960 or before	640	...	...	9,185	...	...
1961 to 1980	895	...	...	10,050	...	...
1981 to 1990	495	...	...	8,240	...	...
1991 to 2000	545	...	...	6,100	...	...
2001 to 2005	240	...	...	3,385	...	...
2006 to 2010	395	...	...	3,500	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	325	...	...	2,985	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,280	...	...	40,410	...	...
Major repairs needed	255	...	...	3,035	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,940	...	...	23,250	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,575	...	...	19,705	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	20	...	...	490	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,535	...	...	43,445	...	...
15 to 24 years	70	...	...	805	...	...
25 to 34 years	455	...	...	5,010	...	...
35 to 44 years	515	...	...	6,915	...	...
45 to 54 years	755	...	...	9,680	...	...
55 to 64 years	905	...	...	9,905	...	...
65 to 74 years	555	...	...	7,015	...	...
75 to 84 years	240	...	...	3,190	...	...
85 years and over	45	...	...	920	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	2,635	...	...	42,400	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,170	...	...	33,580	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	460	...	...	8,820	...	...
30% to less than 100%	365	...	...	8,025	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,285	...	...	33,140	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	62.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.2	...	...	13.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,168	...	...	1,216	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,318	...	...	1,302	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	424,295	...	...	280,287	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	460,112	...	...	310,060	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	350	...	...	9,310	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	25.4	...	...	45.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	873	...	...	865	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	879	...	...	922	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,500	3,840	3,660	89,275	44,280	45,000
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,640	935	710	17,320	9,410	7,910
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,250	1,115	1,130	27,450	13,405	14,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,615	1,790	1,825	44,510	21,465	23,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,080	855	220	8,125	5,440	2,685
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	245	135	110	4,300	2,525	1,770
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	835	725	115	3,830	2,915	910
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,585	630	965	21,290	9,815	11,475
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	50	105	1,825	770	1,055
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	790	255	535	13,270	5,440	7,830
Bachelor's degree	560	160	395	9,645	3,795	5,850
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	15	25	1,070	415	650
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	15	10	240	115	125
Master's degree	160	60	100	2,005	950	1,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	0	10	305	165	140
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,125	2,550	2,570	59,590	29,385	30,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	695	400	290	6,980	4,265	2,715
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,525	740	785	17,795	8,735	9,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,905	1,415	1,490	34,815	16,385	18,425
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	865	710	160	5,895	3,850	2,040
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	170	100	70	3,125	1,765	1,365
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	700	615	85	2,765	2,085	680
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,270	465	800	17,160	7,960	9,195
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	40	75	1,200	515	685
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	650	190	455	10,560	4,060	6,505
Bachelor's degree	435	120	320	7,700	2,905	4,800
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	10	25	810	255	555
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	15	0	210	95	120
Master's degree	150	50	100	1,625	710	910
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	0	10	220	95	125
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,505	3,840	3,665	89,275	44,280	45,000
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	3,885	2,050	1,840	44,765	22,810	21,955
Education	290	65	225	3,615	810	2,810
13. Education	290	60	225	3,615	805	2,810
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	10	25	1,205	500	705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	265	185	80
50. Visual and performing arts	25	0	20	940	315	625
Humanities	55	30	30	1,740	600	1,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	250	35	215
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	10	260	75	185
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	460	160	300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	20	15	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	80	40	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	110	40	70
54. History	0	0	0	360	185	175
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	200	50	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	170	20	155	4,775	1,380	3,395
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	45	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	450	180	270
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	0	60	1,115	60	1,055
22. Legal professions and studies	35	0	35	795	250	535
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	120	10	115
42. Psychology	30	10	20	700	140	565
45. Social sciences	25	15	15	1,545	725	820
Business, management and public administration	550	115	435	8,370	2,895	5,475
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	30	10	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	10	35	780	130	650
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	515	110	405	7,565	2,760	4,805
Physical and life sciences and technologies	70	35	30	1,080	570	510
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	15	15	515	210	300
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	175	105	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	30	10	20
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	280	205	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10	80	40	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	0	25	1,790	1,180	610
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	10	1,485	1,060	420
25. Library science	15	0	10	150	35	115
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	135	70	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,155	1,085	70	9,760	9,255	510
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	10	245	185	60
14. Engineering	30	25	0	1,015	920	90
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	120	95	20	2,095	1,905	190
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	285	280	10	2,370	2,320	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	465	445	20	2,985	2,915	70
48. Precision production	240	240	0	1,045	1,005	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	405	300	110	1,565	1,130	435
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	355	260	95	1,260	895	365
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	35	15	310	235	75
Health and related fields	630	50	575	6,420	1,040	5,380
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	40	0	40	465	225	240
51. Health professions and related programs	590	50	535	5,930	800	5,130
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	25	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	225	75	145	4,195	2,120	2,075
12. Personal and culinary services	155	25	130	2,040	450	1,585
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	50	50	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	100	95	10
43. Security and protective services	30	15	15	1,360	920	440
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	650	610	45
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,125	2,555	2,570	59,590	29,380	30,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,220	1,140	1,080	24,775	12,995	11,780
Education	210	55	155	2,670	560	2,110
13. Education	210	50	160	2,670	555	2,110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	900	325	570
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	195	125	70
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	710	205	505
Humanities	50	25	25	1,265	400	865
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	215	35	180
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	10	190	45	140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	305	90	215
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	10	40	25	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	0	70	30	45
54. History	10	0	10	310	155	155
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	130	15	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	150	15	135	3,920	1,075	2,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	40	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	310	110	200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	55	0	55	925	55	875
22. Legal professions and studies	35	0	35	700	215	485
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	95	10	85
42. Psychology	20	0	15	595	105	495
45. Social sciences	25	15	10	1,250	580	670
Business, management and public administration	420	75	350	6,660	2,195	4,465
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	20	10	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	30	10	30	640	95	550
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	390	70	320	5,990	2,095	3,900
Physical and life sciences and technologies	60	25	30	815	395	415
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	10	15	405	170	235
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	10	15	140	80	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	25	10	20
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	185	120	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	55	25	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	10	25	1,620	1,060	560
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	15	1,380	980	400
25. Library science	10	0	15	130	25	110
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	105	45	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	945	880	70	7,470	7,035	435
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	15	200	140	60
14. Engineering	20	20	10	710	625	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	90	70	20	1,610	1,460	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	235	230	10	1,840	1,810	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	390	370	20	2,385	2,315	70
48. Precision production	195	195	0	720	685	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	305	215	85	1,170	835	335
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	260	185	75	915	650	265
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	30	10	250	185	65
Health and related fields	530	45	485	5,040	865	4,180
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	0	30	355	170	185
51. Health professions and related programs	495	45	455	4,660	680	3,985
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	20	15	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	185	75	110	3,285	1,635	1,650
12. Personal and culinary services	120	25	95	1,575	345	1,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	45	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	55	50	0
43. Security and protective services	25	15	10	1,095	710	385
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	35	0	520	490	30
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,505	3,840	3,665	89,275	44,275	45,000
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,890	2,045	1,840	44,770	22,810	21,955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,620	1,790	1,825	44,510	21,465	23,045
Location of study inside Canada	3,175	1,555	1,620	42,345	20,410	21,935
Same as province or territory of residence	2,745	1,375	1,370	34,280	16,600	17,680
Different than province or territory of residence	435	185	245	8,070	3,810	4,255
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	440	235	205	2,170	1,055	1,110
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	100	50	50	465	245	225
Philippines	30	10	25	65	0	70
India	0	0	0	70	30	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	60	30	30	420	225	190
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	30	20	10
France	0	0	0	115	75	45
Other	255	155	100	995	460	530
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,120	2,555	2,570	59,590	29,380	30,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,215	1,140	1,075	24,775	12,995	11,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,900	1,415	1,490	34,810	16,390	18,425
Location of study inside Canada	2,550	1,240	1,305	33,380	15,735	17,645
Same as province or territory of residence	2,210	1,115	1,100	27,515	13,070	14,445
Different than province or territory of residence	335	130	210	5,870	2,665	3,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	355	175	185	1,435	650	780
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	75	30	45	325	165	160
Philippines	25	10	20	60	0	60
India	0	0	0	60	20	35
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	45	25	20	220	110	110
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	35	20	10
France	0	0	0	65	40	25
Other	205	120	95	660	285	380
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	7,500	3,840	3,665	89,280	44,280	45,000
In the labour force	5,475	3,080	2,400	59,350	30,945	28,400
Employed	5,005	2,790	2,220	56,180	29,225	26,955
Unemployed	465	285	180	3,170	1,720	1,445
Not in the labour force	2,025	765	1,265	29,930	13,330	16,600
Participation rate	73.0	80.2	65.5	66.5	69.9	63.1
Employment rate	66.7	72.7	60.6	62.9	66.0	59.9
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.3	7.5	5.3	5.6	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	7,500	3,840	3,665	89,275	44,275	45,000
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,635	610	1,025	27,690	12,175	15,510
Worked	5,865	3,230	2,640	61,590	32,100	29,490
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,845	1,755	1,090	34,630	19,385	15,245
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,025	1,475	1,550	26,965	12,715	14,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.5	41.5	44.0	44.5	43.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	5,475	3,075	2,395	59,350	30,950	28,400
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85	45	35	760	335	430
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	5,390	3,035	2,360	58,585	30,610	27,970
Employee	3,685	1,965	1,725	51,055	25,750	25,305
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,705	1,070	635	7,530	4,865	2,665
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	5,475	3,075	2,395	59,345	30,945	28,400
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	80	40	35	765	335	425
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	5,390	3,035	2,360	58,585	30,610	27,970
0 Management occupations	1,300	840	460	6,815	4,405	2,410
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	685	85	605	10,345	2,595	7,750
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	155	110	45	3,430	2,630	800
3 Health occupations	335	30	305	3,485	585	2,895
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	285	70	215	7,760	2,230	5,525
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45	15	30	1,085	480	600
6 Sales and service occupations	665	210	455	11,630	4,975	6,660
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,185	1,095	90	10,665	10,110	560
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	575	445	130	1,595	1,235	360
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	160	140	15	1,765	1,355	410
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	5,475	3,075	2,400	59,345	30,945	28,400
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	80	45	40	765	335	430
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	5,390	3,030	2,360	58,585	30,610	27,970
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,335	885	450	2,450	1,770	680
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	425	365	55	115	95	20
22 Utilities	20	10	10	215	185	30
23 Construction	575	495	85	6,330	5,595	730
31-33 Manufacturing	205	165	40	3,955	2,965	990
41 Wholesale trade	180	135	40	1,870	1,415	455
44-45 Retail trade	405	230	175	6,310	3,195	3,110
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	235	165	70	2,855	2,045	815
51 Information and cultural industries	25	10	20	705	390	310
52 Finance and insurance	90	10	85	1,610	635	975
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	60	30	675	390	290
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	195	50	140	2,740	1,350	1,390
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	30	10	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	135	60	80	2,540	1,605	935
61 Educational services	220	45	170	4,665	1,130	3,525
62 Health care and social assistance	580	45	530	6,560	855	5,700
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	50	30	30	955	495	460
72 Accommodation and food services	180	40	145	2,895	1,070	1,825
81 Other services (except public administration)	300	155	140	2,795	1,305	1,495
91 Public administration	145	65	80	8,315	4,120	4,200
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,005	2,790	2,215	56,180	29,230	26,955
Worked at home	1,435	835	600	4,630	2,390	2,240
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	90	45	45
No fixed workplace address	780	640	140	6,550	5,235	1,320
Worked at usual place	2,785	1,310	1,475	44,910	21,555	23,355
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,790	1,310	1,475	44,910	21,555	23,355
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	130	75	50	15,000	6,850	8,145
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,270	970	1,300	7,895	3,740	4,155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	380	255	125	19,145	9,395	9,755
Commute to a different province or territory	0	10	0	2,870	1,570	1,300
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,570	1,955	1,615	51,465	26,795	24,670
Car, truck, van - as a driver	3,260	1,770	1,490	43,775	23,730	20,045
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	130	55	75	3,150	1,045	2,105
Public transit	10	10	0	2,055	840	1,215
Walked	90	70	25	1,775	805	970
Bicycle	10	0	0	160	110	50
Other method	75	60	20	545	260	280
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,570	1,950	1,610	51,460	26,795	24,670
Less than 15 minutes	935	455	480	13,310	6,190	7,120
15 to 29 minutes	1,225	530	685	11,345	5,815	5,530
30 to 44 minutes	765	480	285	12,925	7,225	5,710
45 to 59 minutes	310	215	95	7,770	4,275	3,495
60 minutes and over	340	270	70	6,105	3,285	2,820
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,570	1,955	1,615	51,460	26,790	24,670
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	240	175	60	6,135	4,320	1,810
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	855	595	260	13,935	8,050	5,890
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,265	665	600	14,650	7,080	7,570
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	595	250	345	7,310	2,760	4,545
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	275	100	175	3,145	1,210	1,940
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	345	170	175	6,290	3,365	2,925
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	6,000	3,280	2,720	63,135	32,900	30,235
Single responses	5,950	3,245	2,705	57,320	30,060	27,270
Official languages	5,935	3,235	2,700	57,230	30,000	27,230
English	5,925	3,230	2,695	34,675	19,075	15,600
French	10	10	10	22,555	10,930	11,625
Non-official languages	15	10	10	95	55	40
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	95	55	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	80	50	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	60	35	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	60	35	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	40	10	5,810	2,845	2,965
English and French	0	0	0	5,675	2,765	2,910
English and non-official language	55	40	15	95	50	40
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	6,005	3,285	2,720	63,135	32,900	30,230
None	5,885	3,215	2,670	31,535	16,615	14,920
English	15	10	10	15,430	7,755	7,675
French	0	10	0	15,935	8,420	7,510
Non-official language	95	60	35	190	75	115
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	80	50	30	185	75	110
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	25	20	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	9,295	4,770	4,525	106,220	52,870	53,355
Non-movers	8,395	4,285	4,105	95,730	47,915	47,820
Movers	900	480	415	10,495	4,955	5,535
Non-migrants	275	150	125	4,950	2,330	2,615
Migrants	625	335	290	5,545	2,625	2,920
Internal migrants	610	325	285	5,335	2,525	2,805
Intraprovincial migrants	560	295	265	4,260	1,975	2,280
Interprovincial migrants	55	30	20	1,080	550	525
External migrants	10	0	10	210	100	110
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	8,825	4,545	4,280	101,640	50,535	51,105
Non-movers	6,475	3,355	3,120	68,750	34,630	34,120
Movers	2,355	1,185	1,160	32,895	15,910	16,985
Non-migrants	755	405	345	15,035	7,275	7,760
Migrants	1,595	785	820	17,860	8,635	9,220
Internal migrants	1,550	760	795	17,205	8,325	8,885
Intraprovincial migrants	1,350	665	685	13,325	6,420	6,900
Interprovincial migrants	200	95	105	3,890	1,905	1,980
External migrants	45	20	25	650	310	340

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ponoka County, MD [Census subdivision], Alberta and Glengarry--Prescott--Russell [Federal electoral district], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ponoka County, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Alberta and Glengarry--Prescott--Russell [Federal electoral district], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ponoka County, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Alberta and Glengarry--Prescott--Russell [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ponoka County, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Alberta and Glengarry--Prescott--Russell [Federal electoral district], Ontario