Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Economic region], Alberta and Canada [Country]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Edmonton Alberta [Economic region]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Edmonton [Economic region], Alberta Map : Edmonton [Economic region], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,366,050	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,203,115	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.5	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	557,547	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	518,951	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	86.5	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15,783.77	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,366,050	683,115	682,935	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	252,495	129,220	123,280	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	88,120	44,935	43,180	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	86,955	44,430	42,525	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	77,425	39,850	37,575	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	943,905	476,805	467,100	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	78,450	40,335	38,120	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	94,890	48,420	46,470	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	111,665	56,775	54,890	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	115,125	58,120	57,010	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	103,060	52,195	50,865	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	92,130	46,730	45,395	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	88,240	44,410	43,825	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	94,085	47,015	47,070	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	90,880	45,480	45,400	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	75,385	37,320	38,065	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	169,650	77,100	92,550	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	58,230	28,390	29,835	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	39,180	18,600	20,580	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	28,675	13,160	15,515	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	21,485	9,195	12,285	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	22,080	7,750	14,335	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	13,825	5,405	8,415	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	6,355	1,915	4,435	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	1,640	385	1,260	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	260	40	220	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.5	18.9	18.1	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.8	68.4	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	12.4	11.3	13.6	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.1	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	37.9	37.1	38.6	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	36.4	35.8	37.1	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	518,950	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	299,770	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	26,885	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	183,350	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,780	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	43,400	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,885	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	97,085	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	8,945	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	518,950	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	127,555	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	175,305	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	84,850	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	79,280	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	51,960	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,340,930	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,113,555	553,905	559,655	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	649,290	325,895	323,400	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	542,825	272,615	270,210	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	106,465	53,280	53,185	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	464,260	228,010	236,260	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	321,000	178,475	142,525	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	26,260	11,420	14,835	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	67,930	28,120	39,815	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	49,075	9,995	39,080	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	373,550	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	180,085	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	81,010	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	76,925	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	35,525	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	373,545	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	315,405	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	262,190	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	53,215	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	58,145	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	44,985	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	13,160	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	315,405	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	144,800	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	170,600	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	64,935	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	72,235	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	33,435	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	58,140	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	35,280	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	16,080	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	6,785	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	238,645	125,155	113,490	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	518,955	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	348,110	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	134,895	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	213,220	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	12,380	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	158,460	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	127,555	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	30,910	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,351,355	676,340	675,010	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	1,232,510	621,815	610,700	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	1,770	775	990	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	96,325	45,395	50,935	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	20,750	8,360	12,385	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,351,350	676,345	675,015	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	1,296,330	650,200	646,125	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	27,925	14,545	13,380	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	6,905	3,525	3,380	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	20,190	8,060	12,135	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	31,375	16,310	15,065	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.3	2.4	2.2	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,351,350	676,340	675,010	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	1,316,655	659,475	657,180	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	997,180	504,645	492,535	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	969,560	490,250	479,310	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	27,620	14,395	13,225	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	319,470	154,835	164,640	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	3,625	1,505	2,120	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	3,010	1,250	1,765	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	40	10	30	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,850	1,190	1,665	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	5	5	5	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	20	5	10	315	125	190
Plains Cree	395	140	255	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	30	5	20	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	155	65	90	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	2,250	965	1,280	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	5	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	105	45	65	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	100	40	60	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	235	80	155	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	230	80	155	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	5	5	5	190	85	105
Carrier	5	0	5	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	5	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	155	55	100	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	20	5	15	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	5	5	5	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	5	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	40	15	25	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	10	5	5	765	365	400
South Slavey	25	10	15	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	5	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	50	20	35
Haida	5	5	5	75	35	40
Inuit languages	70	15	50	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	40	10	30	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	5	5	0	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	35	20	15	465	230	235
Salish languages	5	5	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	230	105	125	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	75	25	45	1,215	570	635
Stoney	155	80	80	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	55	30	25
Tlingit	5	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	5	5	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	20	5	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	315,845	153,325	162,515	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	31,360	16,390	14,970	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	130	75	60	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	75	40	35	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	7,905	3,970	3,935	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	245	140	105	805	455	350
Oromo	1,130	580	545	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	6,515	3,235	3,275	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	365	195	170
Semitic languages	23,255	12,305	10,950	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	2,515	1,220	1,295	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	17,610	9,430	8,185	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	40	35	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	25	15	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	165	90	80	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	405	225	185	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	25	10	15	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	2,330	1,220	1,105	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,655	4,460	5,195	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	760	360	400	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	8,880	4,095	4,790	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	43,375	18,855	24,520	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	115	55	65	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	2,000	830	1,165	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	50	30	25	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	535	235	300	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	1,880	790	1,090	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	10	5	5	1,430	665	760
Malay	525	225	300	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	350	165	185	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	110	45	70	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	37,430	16,300	21,130	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	75	30	40	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	290	135	155	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	1,020	530	485	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	615	345	275	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	345	160	185	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	6,850	3,565	3,280	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	205	105	105	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	3,485	1,795	1,685	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	2,195	1,155	1,035	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	940	495	445	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	154,280	76,555	77,725	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	770	415	350	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	170	80	90	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	35,010	16,355	18,655	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	330	150	180	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	155	70	80	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	175	80	95	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	34,685	16,210	18,475	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	35	20	20	810	385	430
Bosnian	715	355	360	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	475	245	225	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	2,020	1,055	965	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	905	440	470	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	185	95	90	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	9,460	4,420	5,040	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	5,780	2,675	3,110	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	1,835	930	910	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	365	180	180	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	620	300	320	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	290	140	155	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	11,895	5,305	6,595	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	120	75	50	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	50	30	20	1,090	540	550
Welsh	35	20	15	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	530	295	235
Germanic languages	22,200	10,635	11,560	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	625	325	295	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	770	380	390	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	4,305	2,085	2,225	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	105	60	45	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	15,695	7,465	8,235	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	35	15	20	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	230	105	120	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	300	135	170	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	35	45	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	55	30	25	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	525	280	240
Greek	1,080	590	490	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	64,165	32,955	31,210	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	57,540	29,485	28,060	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	2,340	1,230	1,110	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	5,770	2,990	2,780	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	8,420	4,240	4,185	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	25	15	10	565	300	265
Konkani	155	80	70	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	540	275	265	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	1,995	1,040	955	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	70	40	35	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,800	14,275	13,525	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	940	440	505	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,310	680	630	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	8,170	4,170	4,000	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	6,340	3,325	3,020	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	760	420	340	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	665	350	315	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	4,920	2,550	2,370	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	280	150	130	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	30,765	15,450	15,315	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	25	15	15	865	440	425
Italian	4,920	2,440	2,480	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	4,640	2,275	2,370	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	2,550	1,275	1,270	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	18,605	9,435	9,175	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	720	380	340
Japanese	1,070	345	725	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	70	40	30	1,715	910	805
Georgian	65	40	30	1,715	910	805
Korean	6,370	3,030	3,345	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	80	35	45	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	80	35	45	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	7,370	3,720	3,650	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	890	460	430	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	15	10	5	1,535	815	720
Edo	140	70	70	1,670	770	900
Ewe	125	80	50	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	140	75	65	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	70	40	25	920	445	470
Ganda	210	105	105	1,295	625	665
Igbo	310	165	145	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	165	80	85	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	405	200	205	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	610	300	305	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	565	280	285	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	1,245	605	645	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	130	85	45	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	705	395	310	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,640	775	870	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	750	385	365	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	340	175	165	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	410	210	200	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	400	195	205	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	185	85	95	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	220	110	110	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,970	22,650	25,320	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	47,265	22,275	24,990	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	22,735	10,615	12,115	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	620	290	330	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	19,935	9,465	10,470	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	70	30	45	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,265	580	685	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	235	120	115	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,380	1,165	1,215	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	705	375	325	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	145	80	65	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	430	235	200	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	20	10	10	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	100	50	55	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	1,025	380	640	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	385	190	190	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	630	190	440	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	80	35	55
Turkic languages	2,080	1,165	915	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	120	75	45	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	1,745	970	775	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	65	35	30	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	110	65	50	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	1,890	890	1,000	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	45	20	30	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	235	95	140	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	1,605	780	830	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	235	135	100	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	34,695	16,860	17,835	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	3,965	1,940	2,030	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	28,870	13,995	14,875	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	1,235	615	625	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	625	315	310	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,351,350	676,340	675,015	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	1,278,690	640,905	637,785	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	1,103,440	554,800	548,640	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	1,092,365	549,120	543,245	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	11,070	5,675	5,395	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	175,250	86,105	89,145	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	690	315	375	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	610	285	320	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	5	5	5	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	575	265	310	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	10	10	5	110	55	60
Plains Cree	60	25	30	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	330	140	190
Woods Cree	15	5	15	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	480	220	255	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	5	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	20	10	10	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	15	5	5	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	5	0	5	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	5	0	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	40	20	25	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	20	10	10	255	140	120
Stoney	20	15	10	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	174,560	85,790	88,770	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	20,350	10,325	10,025	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	95	45	50	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	50	25	25	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	5,850	2,930	2,920	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	215	120	90	620	330	285
Oromo	885	455	435	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	4,740	2,350	2,385	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	185	85	95
Semitic languages	14,390	7,335	7,050	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	1,695	805	890	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	10,615	5,460	5,155	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	110	55	60	735	335	400
Hebrew	190	95	90	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	10	5	5	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	1,650	855	795	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,250	2,890	3,360	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	385	180	205	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	5,865	2,705	3,160	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	23,190	10,890	12,300	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	15	10	5	290	140	155
Cebuano	825	400	425	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	25	15	10	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	195	85	110	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	615	290	325	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	10	5	5	435	220	210
Malay	145	70	70	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	130	60	70	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	25	10	15	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,110	9,895	11,210	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	570	285	280	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	380	200	180	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	150	70	80	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	4,465	2,305	2,160	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	80	35	45	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	2,345	1,205	1,140	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	1,470	780	690	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	565	280	280	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	75,965	38,125	37,835	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	370	195	175	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	75	40	35	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	12,890	6,280	6,610	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	120	55	65	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	50	25	25	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	65	35	35	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	12,770	6,225	6,545	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	10	5	5	230	105	120
Bosnian	300	155	150	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	290	145	150	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	900	460	445	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	260	140	125	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	90	50	45	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	3,835	1,805	2,025	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	3,280	1,620	1,655	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	1,005	505	500	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	115	55	60	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	175	85	90	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	35	35	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	2,410	1,160	1,255	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	670	310	360
Celtic languages	10	5	0	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	185	105	80
Welsh	0	0	0	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	3,400	1,675	1,720	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	325	165	155	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	40	20	15	855	410	445
Dutch	305	150	155	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	5	5	5	185	95	90
German	2,610	1,280	1,330	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	15	5	10	270	120	150
Norwegian	15	5	5	345	145	200
Swedish	70	30	40	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	355	170	185
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,625	820	810
Greek	375	190	190	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	43,190	21,925	21,265	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	39,050	19,835	19,215	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	1,455	755	705	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	3,665	1,860	1,805	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	5,100	2,600	2,495	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	5	0	0	135	70	70
Konkani	35	20	20	720	355	370
Marathi	335	170	165	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	1,395	725	665	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	20	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,655	10,510	10,150	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	460	225	235	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	785	410	380	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	5,125	2,540	2,585	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	4,025	2,040	1,985	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	375	200	175	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	430	235	200	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	3,215	1,610	1,610	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	120	55	65	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	15,655	7,825	7,835	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	10	5	5	355	165	190
Italian	1,410	640	770	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	1,920	920	1,000	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	1,355	675	690	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	10,955	5,585	5,370	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	180	85	95
Japanese	475	190	290	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	55	30	25	1,040	565	475
Georgian	50	30	25	1,035	565	475
Korean	4,600	2,255	2,340	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	45	20	25	910	440	470
Mongolian	50	25	25	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	2,965	1,425	1,535	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	445	210	235	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	5	0	0	340	180	160
Edo	35	20	20	415	175	240
Ewe	40	20	20	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	25	825	400	425
Ga	20	10	5	250	105	140
Ganda	80	35	40	345	160	185
Igbo	80	40	45	1,000	485	510
Lingala	40	20	25	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	200	90	105	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	285	150	140	1,530	670	865
Shona	215	100	120	1,035	475	560
Swahili	585	275	315	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	90	50	40	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	280	145	135	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	505	230	275	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	370	190	180	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	205	110	95	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	510	290	220	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	195	105	90	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	315	185	130	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	32,370	15,355	17,015	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	31,825	15,075	16,750	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	14,745	6,815	7,925	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	215	95	120	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	14,730	7,150	7,580	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	15	5	10	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	555	235	315	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	65	60	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,445	710	740	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	540	280	260	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	100	55	45	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	360	195	170	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	20	10	10	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	480	220	255	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	185	90	100	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	285	125	155	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	1,310	705	605	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	1,245	640	610
Turkish	1,140	605	530	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	40	20	15	610	315	290
Uzbek	70	40	30	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	455	230	225
Uralic languages	510	240	270	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	5	0	5	975	365	610
Finnish	30	15	15	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	475	230	250	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	72,665	35,435	37,225	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	2,785	1,385	1,400	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	67,940	33,110	34,830	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	590	285	305	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	1,345	660	685	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,351,355	676,340	675,015	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	1,153,360	579,870	573,485	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	79,905	39,990	39,910	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	14,995	7,010	7,985	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	99,405	47,585	51,815	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	3,925	1,760	2,165	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	95,480	45,825	49,650	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	690	355	335	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	1,890	985	905	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	1,075	520	550	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	45	25	20	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,089,035	542,885	546,145	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,036,860	517,415	519,450	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,644	55,806	34,009	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,037,105	517,450	519,655	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,702	47,723	31,092	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	963,165	493,060	470,105	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,262	55,390	32,915	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	614,675	247,770	366,905	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,013	3,615	4,178	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	841,380	441,725	399,655	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,283	55,861	34,531	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,089,050	543,030	546,020	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,037,385	517,490	519,900	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,535	76,430	44,714	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,037,655	517,535	520,120	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,314	60,735	37,950	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	963,165	492,670	470,490	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,607	76,656	43,802	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	614,190	247,515	366,670	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,203	7,214	7,196	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	841,380	440,570	400,805	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	57,368	70,817	42,584	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,089,050	543,030	546,020	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	393,250	225,915	167,330	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	64,820	74,817	54,797	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	78,136	90,265	61,761	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.0	95.5	88.7	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.0	79.3	73.1	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.0	4.5	11.3	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,089,035	542,885	546,145	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	52,170	25,475	26,695	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	1,036,865	517,415	519,450	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.3	95.1	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	128,305	48,450	79,860	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	129,375	48,900	80,470	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	121,515	46,905	74,610	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	102,560	43,470	59,085	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	98,600	45,190	53,420	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	88,205	43,525	44,685	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	73,910	40,665	33,245	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	59,670	35,775	23,895	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	47,480	29,730	17,750	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	40,870	25,530	15,340	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	146,365	109,280	37,090	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	95,525	68,460	27,065	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	50,845	40,820	10,020	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,089,035	542,890	546,145	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	51,930	25,440	26,490	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	1,037,105	517,455	519,650	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.3	95.1	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	131,330	49,260	82,070	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	135,365	51,315	84,055	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	140,435	54,920	85,515	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	128,265	56,935	71,330	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	122,780	59,820	62,960	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	99,610	54,930	44,680	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	74,370	45,450	28,920	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	57,180	36,110	21,075	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	147,765	108,710	39,055	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	43,085	28,550	14,535	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	28,505	20,400	8,105	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	76,180	59,765	16,415	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,089,030	542,890	546,145	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	247,655	101,165	146,490	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	841,380	441,725	399,655	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	77.3	81.4	73.2	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	86,685	38,495	48,190	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	55,015	22,630	32,385	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	91,860	37,810	54,050	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	77,795	31,835	45,960	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	76,115	33,520	42,600	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	76,245	35,395	40,845	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	70,960	35,320	35,640	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	59,450	33,270	26,180	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	49,555	30,520	19,030	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	197,705	142,930	54,770	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	40,305	25,945	14,355	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	36,435	22,975	13,455	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	120,965	94,010	26,955	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	518,950	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,913	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,153	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	127,555	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,765	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,121	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	391,400	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	112,412	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,401	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	518,950	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	121,011	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	98,604	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	127,555	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	61,584	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	50,267	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	391,395	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	140,378	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,357	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	518,950	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,390	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,570	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,355	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,135	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,875	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	13,200	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,990	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,415	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,540	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,785	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,480	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	32,925	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,940	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30,325	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	29,260	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	241,770	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,045	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50,465	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	64,750	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	62,505	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	518,950	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,860	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,665	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,510	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,635	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,040	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15,045	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	16,750	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,680	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,535	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20,285	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	41,260	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40,010	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	38,645	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	36,630	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	33,010	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	190,390	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	67,345	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	46,560	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	76,495	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	369,395	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,310	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,389	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	132,010	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	103,532	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,574	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	171,215	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,667	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,931	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	52,985	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,759	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,389	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	369,160	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	140,446	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	114,134	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	131,935	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	136,617	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,851	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	171,300	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	163,777	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	132,640	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	52,785	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	79,290	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,980	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	201,240	107,540	93,705	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,935	48,034	37,847	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,875	41,450	34,190	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	201,100	107,490	93,605	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	54,457	59,930	48,171	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,936	48,541	40,797	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,340,925	671,760	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	502,555	241,985	260,565	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	97,810	47,710	50,105	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	89,910	40,945	48,965	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	95,570	45,350	50,220	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	104,180	50,900	53,280	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	115,085	57,085	58,005	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	838,375	429,775	408,600	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	125,585	62,540	63,040	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	138,545	69,965	68,580	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	157,745	80,805	76,945	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	186,920	96,095	90,825	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	229,575	120,365	109,210	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,332,530	667,500	665,025	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	294,235	150,710	143,530	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	104,230	53,155	51,075	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	884,570	444,810	439,760	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	153,720	71,985	81,740	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	124,430	58,460	65,965	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	39,060	20,005	19,060	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	14,785	7,565	7,220	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	73,305	34,040	39,265	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	12,060	4,415	7,645	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.8	9.9	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.2	14.2	14.1	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.7	8.9	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	7.8	6.1	9.4	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	105,460	51,295	54,160	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	29,780	15,205	14,580	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	11,365	5,805	5,565	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	70,045	33,930	36,115	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	5,630	2,165	3,465	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	7.7	8.1	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.1	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.6	8.2	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.0	4.2	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,340,930	671,765	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	1,320,485	663,535	656,950	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	1,318,800	662,815	655,985	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	97,225	45,625	51,595	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	403,605	196,230	207,370	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	6,790	3,000	3,790	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	5,965	2,585	3,375	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	50	10	35	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,760	2,505	3,255	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	20	0	15	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	545	225	320
Plains Cree	1,025	390	640	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	30	10	15	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	265	125	135	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	4,410	1,970	2,440	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	75	115	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	185	70	115	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	325	130	195	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	325	135	195	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	30	0	20	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	10	10	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	215	75	135	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	45	20	25	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	35	25	15	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	15	10	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	10	10	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	10	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	10	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	10	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	75	30	45	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	15	0	10	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	35	10	25	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	10	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	10	0	0	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	60	35	25	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	30	15	15	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	10	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	10	0	10	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	390	215	180	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	120	70	50	1,760	870	890
Stoney	285	150	135	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	10	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	15	10	10	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	0	10	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	10	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	396,955	193,305	203,650	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	45,040	23,355	21,690	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	205	105	100	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	85	45	40	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	9,800	4,985	4,815	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	240	140	100	1,085	625	470
Oromo	1,210	650	565	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	8,395	4,220	4,175	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	480	220	265
Semitic languages	36,220	18,890	17,325	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	4,090	2,080	2,010	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	28,490	14,995	13,490	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	35	30	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	15	0	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	235	100	140	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	1,470	765	700	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	75	35	35	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	3,130	1,585	1,545	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	160	85	75	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	12,870	6,000	6,865	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,100	525	570	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	11,820	5,500	6,315	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	54,400	23,795	30,605	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	75	40	40	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	2,585	1,145	1,440	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	145	85	60	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	520	220	305	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	2,455	1,030	1,425	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	15	10	10	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	1,240	560	680	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	510	240	275	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	170	70	100	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	51,625	22,520	29,105	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	105	30	70	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	430	185	245	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	2,155	1,155	1,005	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	115	65	50	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	1,285	710	575	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	770	390	380	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	9,045	4,780	4,260	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	400	190	200	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	4,600	2,370	2,230	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	3,230	1,775	1,460	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	1,365	730	635	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	45	30	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	25	20	10	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	197,305	97,920	99,380	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	885	490	390	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	205	80	125	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	40,470	19,095	21,375	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	550	255	295	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	250	120	125	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	300	140	165	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	40,140	18,940	21,200	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	110	60	50	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	1,135	545	590	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	545	270	275	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	2,820	1,560	1,260	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	1,045	445	600	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	230	105	125	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	11,455	5,620	5,835	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	9,350	4,410	4,940	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	2,480	1,205	1,275	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	440	215	230	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	760	410	345	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	140	145	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	14,540	6,295	8,250	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	435	250	185	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	160	70	85	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	105	60	35	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	190	110	75	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	29,760	14,630	15,130	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	1,250	625	625	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	830	405	425	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	5,120	2,460	2,660	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	105	70	35	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	21,765	10,850	10,915	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	55	20	40	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	475	215	260	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	630	305	330	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	90	40	50	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	65	35	35	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	1,580	785	795	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	79,195	40,810	38,385	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	72,440	37,245	35,190	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	2,825	1,490	1,335	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	7,530	3,750	3,785	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	27,515	14,360	13,160	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	60	35	25	905	490	420
Konkani	170	75	95	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	840	465	375	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	1,995	1,075	920	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	100	55	45	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,220	18,680	17,535	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	1,750	805	940	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,840	945	895	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	12,350	6,400	5,950	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	7,260	3,805	3,455	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	855	520	335	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	810	440	370	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	5,815	2,990	2,825	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	480	270	215	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	49,465	24,205	25,255	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	75	40	30	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	8,415	4,205	4,200	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	6,140	3,030	3,110	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	3,025	1,550	1,475	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	33,545	16,235	17,310	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	2,570	1,115	1,455	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	65	25	40	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	60	25	35	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	7,210	3,400	3,810	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	145	65	80	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	145	60	80	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	13,335	6,775	6,560	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	1,440	715	725	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	35	15	15	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	290	140	145	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	155	85	75	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	80	75	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	200	105	100	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	430	210	220	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	600	330	270	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	750	370	375	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	600	285	315	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	910	485	425	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	1,025	500	525	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	3,540	1,870	1,670	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	225	130	85	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	1,610	845	770	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,370	1,655	1,720	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	940	465	475	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	570	265	305	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	370	200	170	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	2,820	1,090	1,730	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	1,585	570	1,010	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,240	515	725	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	55,300	26,660	28,640	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	54,425	26,200	28,225	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	28,835	13,750	15,085	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	705	305	395	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	28,270	13,480	14,790	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	25	15	10	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,605	715	890	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	260	125	140	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,410	1,205	1,205	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	895	470	430	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	245	130	110	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	475	245	225	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	60	25	30	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	180	95	75	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	1,320	525	795	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	580	270	310	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	835	270	560	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	2,935	1,625	1,305	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	250	135	110	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	2,405	1,350	1,055	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	145	70	75	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	145	80	65	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	75	30	40	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	2,335	1,120	1,215	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	40	30	15	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	425	170	255	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	1,875	925	950	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	705	400	305	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,340,930	671,765	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,204,920	604,430	600,485	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	275,450	141,120	134,335	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	929,465	463,310	466,155	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	136,010	67,330	68,680	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,340,930	671,765	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,000,485	504,455	496,030	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	311,690	152,315	159,375	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	62,195	31,070	31,130	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	34,230	16,735	17,485	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	47,295	22,185	25,110	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	88,735	43,620	45,115	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	36,875	18,010	18,870	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	51,860	25,615	26,245	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	79,240	38,700	40,535	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	28,750	14,995	13,760	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	311,690	152,320	159,375	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	29,655	15,355	14,300	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	54,165	28,105	26,055	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	64,035	29,345	34,685	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	138,325	67,635	70,695	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	25,510	11,870	13,640	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	311,695	152,315	159,375	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	32,055	15,400	16,655	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	810	335	470	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	2,605	1,305	1,300	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	3,080	1,570	1,515	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	1,415	630	785	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	540	305	240	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	2,810	1,270	1,540	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	2,520	1,270	1,245	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	560	225	340	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	1,650	815	835	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	8,845	4,125	4,720	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	7,220	3,555	3,660	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	66,915	33,285	33,625	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,945	990	950	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	1,435	770	660	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	780	345	435	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	7,405	3,710	3,700	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	660	370	290	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	975	485	490	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,540	820	715	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	3,520	1,895	1,620	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	4,030	2,125	1,905	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	8,105	3,890	4,215	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	2,570	1,270	1,305	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	2,345	1,190	1,150	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	2,370	1,020	1,355	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	885	390	490	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	3,790	1,660	2,125	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	17,305	8,820	8,480	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	7,260	3,530	3,725	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	37,320	19,305	18,015	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	380	195	185	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	2,065	1,165	895	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	4,015	2,045	1,970	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	2,010	1,025	980	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	805	495	310	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	3,260	1,745	1,520	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	4,590	2,255	2,335	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	2,275	1,085	1,195	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	17,915	9,290	8,625	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	171,130	82,205	88,925	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	1,495	770	725	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	1,615	805	805	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	19,755	9,050	10,710	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	7,375	3,565	3,805	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	38,950	19,915	19,030	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,715	1,440	1,280	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	2,100	1,140	960	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	710	205	505	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,995	2,345	2,650	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	5,135	2,805	2,325	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	8,305	4,270	4,030	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	46,175	20,220	25,950	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	2,130	1,060	1,075	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,035	1,100	930	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	1,030	445	590	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	10,435	4,875	5,565	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	16,185	8,190	7,995	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	4,275	2,120	2,155	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	79,240	38,705	40,540	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	5,910	2,775	3,130	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	270	110	160	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	575	235	335	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	255	115	135	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	180	100	80	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	685	290	390	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	995	515	485	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,490	680	810	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	230	85	140	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	1,240	640	600	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	7,410	3,790	3,620	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	105	55	50	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	575	330	245	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	530	330	205	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	205	85	120	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	375	175	200	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	460	170	290	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	900	415	490	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,885	1,040	840	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	2,365	1,185	1,180	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	11,820	5,990	5,830	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	40	15	30	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	375	180	195	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	525	250	280	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	285	130	155	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	745	410	335	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	990	515	475	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	1,225	630	595	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	245	145	100	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	1,565	835	730	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	1,385	685	705	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	505	250	255	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	155	80	80	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	3,770	1,870	1,900	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	53,380	25,775	27,605	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	225	115	105	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	555	270	285	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,680	1,655	2,030	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	305	110	195	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	13,635	7,130	6,500	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	890	480	415	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	705	360	345	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	250	135	115	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	200	70	135	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,505	745	755	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	800	410	385	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	1,105	585	525	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	1,985	990	995	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	21,940	10,010	11,930	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	380	215	165	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	765	365	400	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,410	750	650	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	130	45	90	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	220	130	85	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	310	170	140	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	760	300	465	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	1,640	750	890	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	725	380	345	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	275	145	130	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	450	235	210	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,340,925	671,765	669,165	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	347,495	170,895	176,600	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	262,490	131,805	130,690	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	730,940	369,060	361,880	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	254,400	123,755	130,650	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	137,205	69,435	67,770	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	55,745	34,490	21,255	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	81,455	34,945	46,515	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	73,075	30,225	42,850	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	42,455	23,215	19,235	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,670	880	790	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,340,930	671,765	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	83,750	39,935	43,815	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	81,895	39,085	42,805	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	39,585	18,605	20,980	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	41,155	19,885	21,265	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	1,160	595	565	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,100	525	580	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	755	325	435	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,257,175	631,830	625,350	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,340,930	671,765	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,180	16,305	18,870	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,305,750	655,460	650,295	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,340,930	671,765	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	28,055	13,285	14,770	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	26,965	12,785	14,185	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	20,465	9,690	10,770	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	6,200	2,955	3,245	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	305	145	170	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,085	500	585	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,000	455	545	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	45	25	20	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	15	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	70,060	33,785	36,275	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	66,360	32,140	34,215	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,390	17,480	18,910	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	28,960	14,110	14,855	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,005	555	450	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	3,705	1,640	2,065	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,435	1,525	1,910	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	150	65	85	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	45	65	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,242,815	624,695	618,120	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,340,930	671,765	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	366,380	181,790	184,585	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	91,730	47,375	44,355	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	60,330	29,325	31,005	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	58,130	29,865	28,265	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	62,175	28,015	34,160	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	18,895	9,610	9,285	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	25,695	13,715	11,980	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	17,275	8,270	9,005	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	6,750	3,485	3,270	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	7,625	3,650	3,975	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	2,530	1,005	1,525	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	4,080	1,930	2,145	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	11,160	5,545	5,615	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	974,550	489,975	484,575	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,340,930	671,760	669,165	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	98,110	47,070	51,045	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	61,500	29,250	32,255	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	1,670	860	805	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	39,755	19,110	20,640	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	293,795	149,610	144,185	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	1,930	1,100	830	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	21,055	10,180	10,870	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	277,720	141,540	136,185	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	20	15	0	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	585	320	255	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	80	55	25	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	10	0	10	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	495	285	215	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	90	45	50	1,895	950	945
European origins	845,035	421,410	423,625	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	489,035	243,945	245,095	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	70	20	45	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	75	50	25	1,975	995	975
English	269,300	133,075	136,225	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	192,520	93,390	99,130	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	310	150	155	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	216,300	106,900	109,405	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	25,710	12,445	13,265	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	29,185	14,235	14,950	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	147,625	71,840	75,780	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	85	50	40	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	35	20	15	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	90	50	40	1,750	950	805
French	147,485	71,765	75,720	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	287,375	141,995	145,385	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	14,005	6,690	7,310	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	45	20	20	940	485	455
Belgian	7,300	3,500	3,795	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	59,790	29,495	30,295	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	745	320	420	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	145	90	55	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	224,125	110,560	113,570	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	205	110	95	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	6,560	3,330	3,230	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	190	80	115	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	99,010	47,690	51,315	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	16,390	7,815	8,575	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	5,565	2,780	2,785	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	5,470	2,800	2,665	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	46,055	22,100	23,955	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	31,770	14,655	17,110	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	4,370	2,175	2,195	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	261,435	126,865	134,565	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	910	470	440	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	1,070	575	485	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	6,265	3,080	3,180	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	3,105	1,495	1,615	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	700	325	375	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	14,970	7,305	7,665	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	1,280	590	690	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	2,090	1,040	1,045	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	390	170	220	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	75,115	36,530	38,585	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	11,740	5,700	6,040	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	29,580	14,095	15,480	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	3,265	1,545	1,720	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	164,105	79,445	84,655	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	620	325	295	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	78,235	39,290	38,940	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	805	445	360	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	1,535	770	765	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	35	30	0	1,280	740	535
Croatian	5,310	2,925	2,385	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	60	40	25	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	5,110	2,635	2,480	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	34,295	17,455	16,845	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	175	85	85	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	410	205	205	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	485	260	225	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	105	70	40	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	10,845	5,540	5,305	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	3,420	1,665	1,755	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	90	45	45	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	1,385	730	655	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	16,945	7,795	9,150	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,725	850	875	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	60	30	25	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	7,505	3,965	3,540	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	120	55	70	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	3,820	2,080	1,745	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	120	55	70	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	295	145	150	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,195	1,660	1,535	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	15,390	7,670	7,720	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	130	65	65	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	105	70	35	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	890	435	455	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	45	30	15	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	50	25	25	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	970	520	455	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	360	185	180	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	345	180	160	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	880	505	375	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	7,545	3,705	3,835	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	0	20	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	0	10	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	20	0	20	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	105	45	55	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	230	120	110	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,500	1,300	1,200	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	140	50	90	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,110	525	585	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	920	450	475	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	24,870	12,450	12,425	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	765	330	435	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	10	10	0	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	385	220	165	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	60	35	20	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	90	40	50	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	1,010	480	530	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	3,940	1,980	1,965	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	3,575	1,760	1,810	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	150	75	70	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	295	145	150	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	700	370	325	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	1,605	765	840	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	760	395	370	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	180	110	70	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	235	120	115	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	5,350	2,780	2,565	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	510	265	245	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	105	50	50	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	25	15	10	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	875	430	450	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	4,005	2,015	1,990	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	140	85	55	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	725	340	385	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,080	550	530	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	59,640	30,760	28,885	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	12,975	6,840	6,140	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	30	20	10	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	125	75	50	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	35	25	15	1,585	855	735
Beninese	35	20	15	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	80	45	35	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	780	385	390	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	10	10	0	1,845	955	885
Congolese	2,275	1,195	1,085	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	210	125	80	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	55	30	30	845	470	375
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,405	660	750
Gambian	35	25	15	975	495	475
Ghanaian	2,110	1,100	1,010	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	285	150	135	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	385	215	170	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	405	215	190	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	655	305	345	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	35	10	15	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	70	40	30	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	3,575	1,860	1,715	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	60	40	20	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	250	160	90	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	470	250	220	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	50	20	30	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	20	10	10	840	495	345
Yoruba	835	425	405	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	900	505	395	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	9,250	4,855	4,400	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	500	225	270	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	240	155	85	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	95	45	50	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	200	105	95	900	500	400
Egyptian	3,355	1,775	1,580	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	595	300	290	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	30	25	15	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	1,195	650	550	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	2,760	1,455	1,300	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	375	185	190	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	235	110	125	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	27,515	14,195	13,315	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	85	45	35	1,870	955	915
Amhara	185	100	90	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	415	230	180	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	690	380	315	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	155	85	75	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	3,480	1,790	1,690	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	5,330	2,675	2,660	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	120	60	60	665	355	305
Kenyan	965	505	465	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	50	30	20	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	205	105	100	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	555	350	205	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	1,125	600	530	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	10	10	0	1,285	575	710
Somali	9,800	4,995	4,810	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	1,840	945	895	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	475	305	170	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	255	130	125	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	655	355	300	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	120	70	50	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	1,380	690	690	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	170	75	100	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,535	785	745	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	11,130	5,550	5,575	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,235	620	620	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10,080	5,030	5,050	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	290,940	143,050	147,890	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	40,585	21,295	19,285	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	2,490	1,315	1,180	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,435	2,420	2,020	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	620	310	310	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	180	80	95	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	300	150	150	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	120	60	60	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	105	55	50	1,515	810	705
Iranian	4,630	2,375	2,250	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	2,065	1,085	980	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	705	360	345	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	640	320	325	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	105	50	55	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	1,065	595	465	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	115	55	65	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	30	15	10	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	15,370	7,965	7,410	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	2,915	1,615	1,300	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	235	105	130	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	195	100	95	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	3,040	1,560	1,480	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	65	45	20	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	145	60	85	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	2,770	1,535	1,240	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	45	20	35	1,040	540	500
Uighur	100	50	50	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	175	85	90	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	250	130	125	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	895	500	400	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	91,935	47,380	44,560	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	1,450	715	730	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	610	340	270	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	75	45	30	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	72,500	37,240	35,260	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	85	45	45	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	485	255	235	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	105	55	50	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	1,850	1,000	845	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	8,450	4,350	4,100	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	6,285	3,330	2,955	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	270	155	120	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	2,340	1,190	1,150	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	480	245	230	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,950	1,015	940	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	159,905	75,095	84,805	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	455	235	215	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,570	805	765	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	72,220	34,785	37,435	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	65,340	29,585	35,750	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	955	455	505	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	3,750	1,600	2,145	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	395	225	175	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	8,020	3,835	4,190	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	765	395	370	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	1,465	670	795	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	355	160	200	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	150	70	80	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	665	290	375	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	1,035	375	660	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	60	25	30	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	14,190	6,830	7,360	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	370	190	180	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	950	510	445	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	955	510	445	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	5,040	2,595	2,445	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	1,990	1,040	950	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	720	395	325	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	2,460	1,225	1,235	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	1,910	930	980	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	150	75	75	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	200	105	90	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	70	30	40	1,530	725	805
Samoan	65	45	20	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	75	50	25	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	518,950	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	362,170	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	155,205	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	1,575	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	518,950	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	100,450	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	418,500	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	518,950	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	2,635	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	57,205	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	111,355	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	183,405	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	164,350	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	518,950	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	139,305	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	79,995	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	73,965	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	65,535	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	160,145	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	518,955	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	506,715	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	12,235	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	518,950	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	491,330	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	27,625	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	518,950	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	63,950	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	159,280	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	63,875	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	61,780	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	49,420	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	58,510	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	62,140	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	518,955	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	490,215	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	28,740	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	518,950	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	293,980	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	206,345	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	18,625	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	518,950	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	20,220	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	99,665	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	103,260	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	102,985	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	96,150	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,725	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	29,790	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	10,165	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	511,550	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	399,755	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	111,790	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	97,440	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	358,775	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.9	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,525	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,547	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,760	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	434,673	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	154,950	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.3	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	37.7	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,252	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,286	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,089,050	543,025	546,020	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	171,650	87,785	83,865	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	306,490	149,245	157,245	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	610,915	306,000	304,910	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	108,615	87,090	21,525	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,560	18,460	12,095	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	78,055	68,625	9,425	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	208,740	87,130	121,610	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,760	13,730	21,030	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	258,800	118,055	140,745	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	179,610	77,690	101,920	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,180	6,385	7,795	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,135	4,410	3,730	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	46,305	22,875	23,425	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10,560	6,690	3,870	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	763,510	382,410	381,100	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	76,460	41,465	34,995	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	190,600	93,970	96,635	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	496,450	246,975	249,475	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	83,980	68,290	15,690	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	22,370	13,990	8,375	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	61,605	54,295	7,310	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	169,130	71,040	98,095	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,950	10,805	16,145	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	216,390	96,845	119,545	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	149,845	64,170	85,675	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,005	4,815	6,185	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,905	3,510	3,400	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	40,310	19,295	21,010	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	8,330	5,055	3,275	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,089,050	543,030	546,020	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	478,135	237,025	241,110	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	43,175	10,970	32,205	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	43,175	10,970	32,205	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	17,385	7,580	9,805	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,375	2,335	1,040	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	14,015	5,250	8,765	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	24,465	10,165	14,295	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,755	785	1,980	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	5,200	1,630	3,575	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,545	2,820	4,730	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	75	30	40	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,730	1,040	690	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,585	2,065	1,520	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	2,980	1,675	1,305	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	580	120	455	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55,060	18,195	36,860	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	930	215	725	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,380	2,260	3,120	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,775	810	8,960	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	10,250	3,355	6,890	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	760	255	500	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	10,625	3,010	7,615	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	17,345	8,290	9,060	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	121,065	45,535	75,530	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	50	165	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,290	1,520	5,770	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	113,560	43,960	69,595	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,190	13,275	12,915	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,240	4,485	5,750	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,305	2,830	3,470	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	150	30	120	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	7,455	4,985	2,465	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,045	940	1,105	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	21,730	13,300	8,430	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,150	11,415	5,740	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	1,825	240	1,585	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,615	1,555	1,055	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	145	90	55	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	161,390	146,275	15,115	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	4,055	2,645	1,410	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	34,575	28,290	6,280	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	30,185	26,385	3,800	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	38,290	36,740	1,555	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	32,440	31,355	1,090	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	21,825	20,860	970	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,190	6,625	4,570	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,105	4,065	3,040	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,085	2,560	1,525	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	97,530	18,810	78,720	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,075	2,830	3,245	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	88,820	14,475	74,345	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,635	1,500	1,135	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	31,675	15,245	16,435	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	18,790	5,115	13,675	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	50	0	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	335	295	40	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	6,650	4,360	2,285	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,855	5,420	430	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	50	25	25	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	55	30	25	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	763,515	382,405	381,100	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	267,060	135,430	131,630	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	32,085	7,610	24,475	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	32,085	7,610	24,475	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,965	6,055	7,915	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,545	1,760	785	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	11,420	4,290	7,130	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	19,720	8,065	11,660	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,310	635	1,670	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	4,205	1,290	2,915	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,305	2,325	3,985	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	35	25	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,415	850	570	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,685	1,575	1,110	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	2,320	1,275	1,045	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	430	80	350	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,435	14,955	31,485	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	800	185	615	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,670	1,905	2,770	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,060	660	7,400	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	8,910	2,615	6,295	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	610	220	395	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	8,620	2,380	6,235	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	14,760	6,985	7,775	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	100,785	37,685	63,100	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	185	40	145	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,060	1,175	4,885	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	94,540	36,465	58,080	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20,490	10,055	10,440	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,140	3,465	4,675	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,730	2,120	2,610	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	145	30	120	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	5,910	3,775	2,140	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,565	665	905	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,065	11,735	7,340	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,505	10,310	5,195	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	1,435	210	1,230	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,015	1,145	865	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	110	70	45	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	131,095	117,950	13,145	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	3,280	2,045	1,240	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	29,480	23,890	5,590	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,675	21,480	3,195	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	30,855	29,500	1,355	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,390	24,465	925	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	17,405	16,565	840	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,890	5,015	3,865	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,425	2,875	2,550	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,460	2,140	1,320	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	78,555	15,430	63,125	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,960	2,335	2,625	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	71,350	11,885	59,470	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,240	1,210	1,030	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,320	12,410	12,910	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	14,690	4,080	10,610	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	30	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	5,555	3,600	1,950	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,815	4,495	320	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	45	25	20	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,089,050	543,025	546,020	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	478,135	237,030	241,110	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	610,910	306,005	304,910	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	491,285	247,575	243,710	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	391,770	196,975	194,795	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	99,515	50,605	48,910	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	119,625	58,425	61,205	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	12,210	6,890	5,320	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	26,035	10,095	15,935	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	18,500	9,430	9,070	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	8,135	4,665	3,475	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,165	2,845	3,320	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	635	385	245	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	47,950	24,115	23,835	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	763,510	382,410	381,105	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	267,060	135,435	131,630	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	496,450	246,975	249,470	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	394,790	198,325	196,460	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	314,250	157,640	156,610	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	80,535	40,680	39,850	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	101,665	48,655	53,010	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	9,270	5,040	4,230	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	24,040	9,240	14,800	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	16,395	8,220	8,175	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,495	3,175	2,320	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	5,380	2,460	2,915	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	550	335	210	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	40,530	20,190	20,345	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,089,045	543,030	546,020	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	781,355	417,560	363,795	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	714,660	377,435	337,220	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	66,695	40,120	26,575	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	307,695	125,470	182,225	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	71.7	76.9	66.6	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	65.6	69.5	61.8	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.6	7.3	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,089,045	543,030	546,020	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	277,825	111,490	166,340	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	811,220	431,540	379,680	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	404,715	233,995	170,720	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	406,505	197,550	208,960	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.2	42.0	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	781,355	417,560	363,795	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	13,345	6,205	7,140	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	768,015	411,355	356,655	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	689,270	361,110	328,160	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	78,740	50,245	28,495	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	781,355	417,560	363,795	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	13,345	6,205	7,140	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	768,010	411,355	356,655	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	82,155	51,400	30,760	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	121,975	33,380	88,590	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	55,675	43,615	12,060	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	55,530	10,855	44,675	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	83,145	29,175	53,970	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	17,560	7,135	10,430	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	169,065	71,060	98,005	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	144,730	133,955	10,775	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15,395	12,810	2,585	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	22,770	17,970	4,805	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	781,355	417,560	363,795	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	13,345	6,205	7,140	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	768,010	411,355	356,655	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	7,725	4,870	2,855	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25,895	21,540	4,350	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	7,790	5,515	2,275	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	90,085	76,360	13,725	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	47,155	35,740	11,405	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	31,270	22,280	8,990	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	86,490	39,430	47,060	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	36,840	27,745	9,090	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	11,120	6,260	4,860	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	24,910	8,785	16,125	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,790	8,220	6,570	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	52,885	29,895	22,990	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,070	450	615	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	29,335	16,770	12,570	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	53,205	17,405	35,805	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	88,770	15,575	73,190	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,195	6,870	7,330	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	53,185	21,960	31,220	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	36,810	17,600	19,205	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	54,495	28,085	26,410	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	714,660	377,435	337,220	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	41,075	18,460	22,615	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	1,765	1,245	520	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	102,500	78,590	23,910	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	569,315	279,145	290,170	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	569,310	279,140	290,170	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	400,515	182,435	218,075	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	151,770	84,795	66,970	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,585	10,325	4,265	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	2,445	1,580	865	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	671,810	357,730	314,080	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	522,155	293,055	229,100	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	34,440	13,385	21,055	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	73,750	30,060	43,695	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	25,035	10,745	14,290	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	6,515	4,220	2,295	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	9,915	6,270	3,640	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	671,810	357,730	314,080	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	146,725	65,340	81,380	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	261,855	139,915	121,935	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	166,180	94,415	71,760	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	55,545	31,660	23,885	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	41,515	26,400	15,110	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	671,810	357,735	314,080	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	51,445	38,530	12,920	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	136,665	86,290	50,375	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	200,540	102,625	97,920	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	114,830	49,490	65,345	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	66,350	27,540	38,810	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	101,970	53,260	48,705	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	834,500	442,060	392,440	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	826,790	438,320	388,470	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	820,440	435,115	385,325	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	817,890	434,250	383,635	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	2,550	865	1,690	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	6,345	3,200	3,145	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	15	15	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	10	10	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,320	3,190	3,130	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	510	305	200	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	60	30	30	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	10	10	0	45	25	20
Somali	55	25	35	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	445	275	170	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	35	15	20	200	95	100
Arabic	325	225	100	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	0	15	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	15	0	10	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	420	185	230	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	475	230	245
Vietnamese	415	185	230	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	335	185	150	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	25	0	15
Ilocano	15	10	0	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	310	175	135	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	10	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	10	90	50	45
Tamil	10	10	0	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	2,160	1,140	1,020	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	10	10	10	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	315	155	155	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	315	160	160	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	155	90	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0	205	110	90
Croatian	0	0	0	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	10	0	95	45	55
Polish	120	65	60	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	85	30	50	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	10	0	10	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	15	10	10	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	75	45	30	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	110	55	50	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	10	90	50	35
Dutch	35	15	15	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	60	35	25	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Swedish	10	0	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	0	0	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	1,265	710	555	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	1,200	665	535	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	10	10	10	530	275	245
Gujarati	65	10	50	880	300	585
Hindi	105	55	50	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	0	0	0	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	975	575	400	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	40	15	30	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	65	50	20	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	15	15	0	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	55	35	20	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	460	215	250	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	10	0	0	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	40	25	20	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	0	0	0	745	365	380
Spanish	400	185	220	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	35	10	25	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	260	125	140	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	10	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	135	70	60	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	85	30	55	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	40	0	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,335	1,105	1,230	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	2,320	1,095	1,220	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	1,495	735	760	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	10	10	0	70	25	45
Mandarin	705	305	395	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	45	50	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	270	155	115
Burmese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	10	0	10	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	30	15	15	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	25	25	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	35	15	20	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	0	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	10	0	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	15	10	10	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	7,715	3,740	3,970	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	1,885	910	980	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	5,680	2,765	2,915	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	20	10	10	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	130	60	75	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	834,505	442,060	392,440	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	801,320	425,535	375,785	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	4,480	1,930	2,545	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	8,885	4,325	4,560	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	19,335	10,025	9,310	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	695	300	400	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	18,635	9,725	8,915	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	0	0	0	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	70	30	45	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	415	210	200	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,323,055	662,865	660,190	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	1,107,840	555,155	552,685	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	215,210	107,705	107,505	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	141,785	71,540	70,240	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	73,430	36,165	37,265	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	56,445	28,150	28,295	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	40,520	20,165	20,350	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	15,930	7,985	7,945	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	16,985	8,015	8,965	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,252,985	626,875	626,105	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	678,060	337,995	340,065	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	574,925	288,880	286,045	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	313,860	157,740	156,115	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	261,070	131,140	129,930	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	184,900	93,130	91,765	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	109,725	54,150	55,575	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	75,175	38,980	36,195	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	76,165	38,005	38,165	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Edmonton [Economic region], Alberta and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Economic region], Alberta and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Edmonton [Economic region], Alberta and Canada [Country]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Economic region], Alberta and Canada [Country]