Census Profile, 2016 Census
Norfolk [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Ladysmith, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Norfolk Ontario [Census agglomeration]			Ladysmith, T British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Norfolk [Census agglomeration], Ontario Map : Norfolk [Census agglomeration], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Ladysmith, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	64,044	...	...	8,537	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	63,175	...	...	7,921	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.4	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	28,720	...	...	3,754	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	26,007	...	...	3,710	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.8	...	...	711.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,607.55	...	...	11.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	64,045	31,760	32,280	8,535	4,025	4,515
0 to 14 years	9,720	5,030	4,690	1,255	625	630
0 to 4 years	3,170	1,615	1,550	390	190	200
5 to 9 years	3,215	1,650	1,570	435	220	215
10 to 14 years	3,335	1,760	1,570	435	215	220
15 to 64 years	39,915	19,885	20,030	4,940	2,300	2,640
15 to 19 years	3,645	1,790	1,855	420	205	215
20 to 24 years	3,545	1,820	1,725	320	170	150
25 to 29 years	3,190	1,645	1,540	320	160	160
30 to 34 years	3,255	1,675	1,580	405	180	225
35 to 39 years	3,145	1,575	1,570	430	200	235
40 to 44 years	3,280	1,650	1,630	450	220	235
45 to 49 years	3,910	1,945	1,965	525	240	285
50 to 54 years	4,990	2,480	2,515	645	290	355
55 to 59 years	5,465	2,680	2,785	680	310	370
60 to 64 years	5,495	2,625	2,870	740	320	415
65 years and over	14,405	6,845	7,560	2,340	1,100	1,240
65 to 69 years	4,870	2,450	2,420	795	400	395
70 to 74 years	3,570	1,710	1,855	575	265	310
75 to 79 years	2,505	1,265	1,245	415	210	205
80 to 84 years	1,750	795	955	265	130	145
85 years and over	1,705	620	1,085	285	100	185
85 to 89 years	1,110	450	665	180	70	110
90 to 94 years	475	140	330	75	25	50
95 to 99 years	105	25	80	25	5	20
100 years and over	10	0	10	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.8	14.5	14.7	15.5	14.0
15 to 64 years	62.3	62.6	62.1	57.9	57.1	58.5
65 years and over	22.5	21.6	23.4	27.4	27.3	27.5
85 years and over	2.7	2.0	3.4	3.3	2.5	4.1
Average age of the population	44.5	43.7	45.3	47.0	46.2	47.7
Median age of the population	47.9	46.8	49.0	51.2	50.2	51.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
Single-detached house	21,620	...	...	2,540	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	405	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	3,815	...	...	945	...	...
Semi-detached house	705	...	...	200	...	...
Row house	780	...	...	230	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	565	...	...	140	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,675	...	...	365	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	165	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	26,010	...	...	3,710	...	...
1 person	6,665	...	...	1,030	...	...
2 persons	10,745	...	...	1,585	...	...
3 persons	3,610	...	...	490	...	...
4 persons	3,030	...	...	400	...	...
5 or more persons	1,950	...	...	200	...	...
Number of persons in private households	62,425	...	...	8,355	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	54,320	26,725	27,590	7,280	3,400	3,880
Married or living common law	33,745	17,020	16,730	4,570	2,280	2,290
Married	28,530	14,405	14,125	3,820	1,905	1,915
Living common law	5,220	2,610	2,610	750	375	375
Not married and not living common law	20,570	9,710	10,865	2,710	1,120	1,590
Never married	11,820	6,585	5,230	1,330	685	645
Separated	1,670	770	900	225	95	130
Divorced	3,150	1,450	1,700	600	235	365
Widowed	3,935	900	3,035	555	100	450
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	19,125	...	...	2,640	...	...
2 persons	11,130	...	...	1,660	...	...
3 persons	3,540	...	...	465	...	...
4 persons	2,860	...	...	370	...	...
5 or more persons	1,585	...	...	140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	19,120	...	...	2,640	...	...
Total couple families	16,495	...	...	2,240	...	...
Married couples	13,885	...	...	1,865	...	...
Common-law couples	2,610	...	...	375	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,630	...	...	395	...	...
Female parent	1,980	...	...	305	...	...
Male parent	645	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	16,490	...	...	2,245	...	...
Couples without children	9,470	...	...	1,415	...	...
Couples with children	7,020	...	...	830	...	...
1 child	2,830	...	...	355	...	...
2 children	2,660	...	...	345	...	...
3 or more children	1,520	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,630	...	...	395	...	...
1 child	1,655	...	...	250	...	...
2 children	710	...	...	115	...	...
3 or more children	265	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,965	4,210	4,760	1,435	580	860
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	26,010	...	...	3,710	...	...
One-census-family households	18,370	...	...	2,525	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	9,155	...	...	1,360	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	9,215	...	...	1,170	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	370	...	...	55	...	...
Non-census-family households	7,265	...	...	1,125	...	...
One-person households	6,665	...	...	1,030	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	595	...	...	95	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	63,265	31,470	31,795	8,435	3,980	4,455
English only	60,535	30,195	30,340	7,945	3,780	4,165
French only	10	10	0	5	0	5
English and French	2,025	885	1,140	475	190	280
Neither English nor French	695	380	315	15	5	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	63,265	31,465	31,795	8,435	3,980	4,455
English	62,030	30,825	31,205	8,320	3,925	4,395
French	550	275	275	95	45	40
English and French	35	20	15	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	655	350	305	10	5	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	570	285	285	100	50	45
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	63,265	31,470	31,800	8,435	3,980	4,455
Single responses	62,820	31,255	31,565	8,390	3,955	4,435
Official languages	55,210	27,490	27,725	7,915	3,750	4,170
English	54,590	27,195	27,400	7,815	3,700	4,115
French	625	295	325	100	55	50
Non-official languages	7,605	3,765	3,845	470	200	270
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,605	3,760	3,840	465	200	265
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	25	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	25	0	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	5	0	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	5	5	0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	20	70	55	15	40
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	50	50	10	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	5	5	0
Tamil	0	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,800	3,395	3,405	295	135	160
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	620	275	345	55	25	35
Baltic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	575	255	320	55	20	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	45	25	20	10	5	5
Czech	25	10	15	10	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Polish	255	105	145	10	0	10
Russian	30	15	20	5	5	5
Serbian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	30	10	20	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	150	70	80	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,905	2,410	2,495	170	80	90
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	5
Danish	25	10	15	10	10	5
Dutch	620	315	310	40	20	20
Frisian	25	15	10	0	0	5
German	3,895	1,920	1,970	100	45	55
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	10	5	5
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	330	140	190	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Greek	45	25	20	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	115	60	55	20	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	90	40	45	15	5	10
Bengali	10	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	15	15	5	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	20	10	10	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,105	625	485	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	135	75	55	20	10	10
Portuguese	640	335	310	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Spanish	325	210	110	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	20	15	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	55	50	30	10	20
Chinese languages	105	55	50	30	10	25
Cantonese	45	25	25	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	15	20	5	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	5	0	5
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	430	200	225	30	15	10
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	15	5	5
Hungarian	415	200	220	10	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	445	215	230	50	30	20
English and French	75	35	35	10	5	5
English and non-official language	350	165	185	35	20	15
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	63,265	31,470	31,800	8,435	3,980	4,455
Single responses	62,465	31,070	31,395	8,355	3,945	4,410
Official languages	59,255	29,435	29,820	8,225	3,895	4,335
English	59,140	29,375	29,765	8,215	3,890	4,330
French	110	60	50	10	5	10
Non-official languages	3,215	1,640	1,575	125	55	75
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,215	1,635	1,575	125	55	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	15	15	25	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	20	5	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	5	5	0	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,955	1,510	1,450	40	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	40	60	0	5	0
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	40	60	5	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	5
Czech	5	5	5	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	15	30	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,230	1,115	1,110	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dutch	60	30	30	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,055	1,030	1,025	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	5	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	75	35	40	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	60	25	30	10	5	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5	0	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10	5	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	530	305	225	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	5	0	5
Portuguese	270	120	145	0	0	5
Romanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	245	180	65	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	15	20	15	5	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	40	30	20	5	15
Chinese languages	70	40	30	20	5	15
Cantonese	25	15	10	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	20	10	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	65	25	35	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	30	35	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	800	400	405	80	35	45
English and French	45	25	20	5	5	0
English and non-official language	750	365	380	75	30	40
French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	63,265	31,470	31,800	8,435	3,980	4,455
None	59,380	29,570	29,810	8,125	3,860	4,265
English	1,360	680	680	50	25	25
French	355	155	205	90	35	50
Non-official language	2,145	1,055	1,095	170	60	110
Aboriginal	10	0	5	10	5	10
Non-Aboriginal	2,140	1,050	1,090	155	55	100
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,330	3,765
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	51,245	25,255	25,985	6,870	3,235	3,635
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,301	40,264	25,680	34,268	44,971	28,122
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	51,275	25,260	26,015	6,875	3,240	3,635
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,581	36,068	24,019	31,019	39,506	25,864
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	45,920	23,230	22,690	6,275	3,015	3,260
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,724	37,474	21,283	29,520	39,974	23,185
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	38,265	17,610	20,660	5,060	2,160	2,900
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,391	8,355	8,429	9,590	11,380	8,336
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,425	19,345	17,080	4,800	2,420	2,380
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,022	35,468	22,372	29,248	39,309	23,552
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	52,735	25,905	26,825	7,105	3,335	3,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	51,390	25,300	26,085	6,840	3,225	3,615
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,045	47,271	33,035	42,943	53,393	33,617
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	51,415	25,305	26,110	6,845	3,225	3,620
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,298	39,880	28,888	36,505	44,274	29,579
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,970	23,180	22,795	6,210	2,995	3,215
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,106	44,609	29,476	39,509	50,068	29,687
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	38,400	17,760	20,635	5,120	2,205	2,920
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,166	9,121	9,204	9,467	10,184	8,925
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,425	19,225	17,205	4,800	2,435	2,365
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,098	41,839	29,685	39,320	48,679	29,679
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,335	3,765
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	16,370	9,455	6,910	2,030	1,165	865
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,895	55,288	41,991	55,264	65,108	45,544
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,957	60,716	47,080	60,865	70,049	48,553
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.4	87.2	77.9	83.6	87.1	78.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.7	67.1	58.8	63.7	68.0	57.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.6	12.8	22.1	16.4	13.0	21.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,335	3,770
Without total income	1,485	645	840	230	95	135
With total income	51,250	25,255	25,985	6,870	3,235	3,630
Percentage with total income	97.2	97.5	96.9	96.8	97.0	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,625	2,555	4,070	835	295	540
$10,000 to $19,999	9,625	3,670	5,950	1,140	400	745
$20,000 to $29,999	7,855	3,215	4,635	1,055	410	650
$30,000 to $39,999	6,490	3,090	3,400	890	365	525
$40,000 to $49,999	5,785	3,070	2,710	735	315	420
$50,000 to $59,999	4,105	2,330	1,780	560	280	280
$60,000 to $69,999	3,020	1,955	1,065	420	260	160
$70,000 to $79,999	2,200	1,505	700	325	220	110
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	1,120	475	235	150	85
$90,000 to $99,999	1,390	870	525	210	155	55
$100,000 and over	2,560	1,880	680	470	390	80
$100,000 to $149,999	1,865	1,345	520	365	305	65
$150,000 and over	690	530	160	105	90	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,335	3,765
Without after-tax income	1,455	640	815	225	90	135
With after-tax income	51,275	25,260	26,010	6,875	3,240	3,635
Percentage with after-tax income	97.2	97.5	97.0	96.8	97.2	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,910	2,610	4,300	895	325	565
$10,000 to $19,999	10,075	3,825	6,245	1,205	425	780
$20,000 to $29,999	9,020	3,845	5,180	1,215	475	745
$30,000 to $39,999	7,865	3,920	3,945	1,045	425	620
$40,000 to $49,999	6,115	3,420	2,695	785	390	395
$50,000 to $59,999	3,930	2,520	1,410	560	355	210
$60,000 to $69,999	2,800	1,940	860	375	240	135
$70,000 to $79,999	1,925	1,260	665	300	215	90
$80,000 and over	2,640	1,930	715	490	400	90
$80,000 to $89,999	1,060	740	320	200	150	50
$90,000 to $99,999	525	390	140	105	95	10
$100,000 and over	1,055	800	260	185	150	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,335	3,770
Without employment income	16,305	6,560	9,750	2,305	915	1,390
With employment income	36,425	19,345	17,080	4,800	2,420	2,375
Percentage with employment income	69.1	74.7	63.7	67.6	72.6	63.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,705	3,485	3,220	990	475	510
$5,000 to $9,999	3,325	1,410	1,915	365	170	195
$10,000 to $19,999	5,045	2,170	2,875	565	220	345
$20,000 to $29,999	3,845	1,695	2,155	510	185	325
$30,000 to $39,999	3,815	1,770	2,045	460	170	290
$40,000 to $49,999	3,620	1,970	1,650	385	155	230
$50,000 to $59,999	2,590	1,575	1,020	310	160	155
$60,000 to $69,999	1,905	1,345	560	285	190	95
$70,000 to $79,999	1,600	1,105	495	215	145	75
$80,000 and over	3,970	2,825	1,150	705	545	155
$80,000 to $89,999	1,145	800	345	180	105	75
$90,000 to $99,999	1,090	675	415	155	120	35
$100,000 and over	1,735	1,345	390	370	325	50
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,338	...	...	67,674	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	60,073	...	...	59,597	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	6,670	...	...	1,030	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,916	...	...	34,414	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,996	...	...	31,147	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	19,335	...	...	2,680	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,037	...	...	83,929	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,656	...	...	73,504	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,124	...	...	79,184	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,807	...	...	67,353	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,645	...	...	1,025	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,858	...	...	42,821	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,094	...	...	36,797	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	19,360	...	...	2,685	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,265	...	...	93,090	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,041	...	...	79,037	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,005	...	...	130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,210	...	...	150	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,025	...	...	170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,200	...	...	175	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,210	...	...	155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,220	...	...	200	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,200	...	...	165	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,255	...	...	330	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,080	...	...	285	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,970	...	...	275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,745	...	...	235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,580	...	...	190	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,180	...	...	1,095	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,875	...	...	435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,695	...	...	285	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,660	...	...	255	...	...
$200,000 and over	950	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	645	...	...	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,055	...	...	140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,325	...	...	200	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,150	...	...	170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,355	...	...	215	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,465	...	...	220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,475	...	...	220	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,395	...	...	195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,610	...	...	370	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,490	...	...	330	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,250	...	...	275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,880	...	...	270	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,475	...	...	230	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,940	...	...	735	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,450	...	...	380	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,220	...	...	185	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,265	...	...	170	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	18,905	...	...	2,605	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,860	...	...	83,733	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,469	...	...	73,301	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	9,000	...	...	1,335	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,937	...	...	77,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,825	...	...	68,384	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	7,110	...	...	835	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,013	...	...	115,712	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,952	...	...	97,849	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,425	...	...	375	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,816	...	...	52,608	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,539	...	...	46,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	18,910	...	...	2,600	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,252	...	...	93,028	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,966	...	...	78,884	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	9,005	...	...	1,325	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,148	...	...	85,054	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,032	...	...	72,153	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	7,125	...	...	865	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,417	...	...	118,659	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,256	...	...	99,566	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,440	...	...	355	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,564	...	...	57,088	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,075	...	...	50,462	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,085	3,825	4,265	1,300	540	765
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,912	35,675	27,868	31,817	34,624	29,909
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,361	32,035	26,054	29,133	31,360	27,981
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	8,075	3,800	4,270	1,285	515	765
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,797	42,610	35,404	40,265	43,350	38,205
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,461	35,935	31,260	34,743	36,792	33,375
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,360	3,960	4,400
In the bottom half of the distribution	33,300	16,035	17,265	4,110	1,830	2,275
In the bottom decile	4,730	2,280	2,450	630	270	365
In the second decile	6,920	3,110	3,810	850	350	500
In the third decile	7,600	3,680	3,920	860	395	465
In the fourth decile	6,850	3,365	3,490	835	385	450
In the fifth decile	7,200	3,605	3,595	930	435	500
In the top half of the distribution	29,125	14,885	14,245	4,250	2,130	2,120
In the sixth decile	6,670	3,295	3,370	970	480	485
In the seventh decile	6,590	3,355	3,235	915	435	480
In the eighth decile	6,320	3,240	3,080	975	490	485
In the ninth decile	5,715	3,020	2,700	820	430	390
In the top decile	3,830	1,975	1,855	570	295	275
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,360	3,960	4,400
0 to 17 years	11,850	6,065	5,780	1,520	760	765
0 to 5 years	3,780	1,940	1,845	470	230	245
18 to 64 years	36,965	18,285	18,685	4,640	2,145	2,495
65 years and over	13,610	6,565	7,040	2,200	1,060	1,140
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,905	3,635	4,265	985	425	565
0 to 17 years	1,855	955	905	250	135	120
0 to 5 years	660	350	310	70	40	35
18 to 64 years	4,525	2,105	2,425	485	195	290
65 years and over	1,520	585	935	255	100	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	11.8	13.5	11.8	10.7	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.7	15.7	16.4	17.8	15.7
0 to 5 years (%)	17.5	18.0	16.8	14.9	17.4	14.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	11.5	13.0	10.5	9.1	11.6
65 years and over (%)	11.2	8.9	13.3	11.6	9.4	13.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,535	1,240	1,295	400	185	220
0 to 17 years	505	250	255	95	50	45
0 to 5 years	170	95	75	25	15	5
18 to 64 years	1,890	920	970	280	115	165
65 years and over	140	70	70	25	20	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.8	4.7	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.1	4.4	6.3	6.6	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.9	4.1	5.3	6.5	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.0	5.2	6.0	5.4	6.6
65 years and over (%)	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.9	0.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,360	3,955	4,400
Official languages	61,895	30,655	31,245	8,355	3,955	4,395
English	61,885	30,645	31,240	8,340	3,950	4,385
French	2,110	965	1,150	460	170	290
Non-official languages	8,615	4,135	4,480	645	280	370
Aboriginal languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,605	4,135	4,475	650	275	370
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	20	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	20	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	20	90	60	20	45
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	15	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	20	85	55	15	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	15	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,600	3,695	3,910	485	230	255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	650	295	350	75	40	35
Baltic languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Latvian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	595	270	325	75	40	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	60	30	25	15	10	10
Czech	45	25	20	15	10	0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Polish	195	110	85	20	15	0
Russian	65	20	50	10	10	10
Serbian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovak	45	25	20	0	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	180	55	120	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,535	2,630	2,905	240	120	125
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	10	0
Danish	30	0	25	20	10	15
Dutch	770	380	385	50	20	25
Frisian	45	30	15	0	0	0
German	4,190	2,000	2,195	160	90	75
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	10	0	0	10	0
Swedish	15	0	10	10	0	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	145	205	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	440	235	200	0	0	0
Greek	90	55	35	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	25	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25	15	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	20	15	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	15	15	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	10	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,505	855	650	135	55	80
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	165	90	75	35	20	20
Portuguese	755	400	355	15	0	10
Romanian	50	15	35	0	0	0
Spanish	550	360	195	90	35	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	70	30	35	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	110	40	70	20	0	20
American Sign Language	55	25	30	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	15	40	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	75	55	15	0	15
Chinese languages	130	70	60	10	0	10
Cantonese	50	30	20	0	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	35	20	0	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	10	10	0	10
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	10	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	515	225	285	30	15	10
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	25	0	20	20	10	15
Hungarian	480	220	260	0	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,360	3,960	4,400
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	60,975	30,150	30,825	8,130	3,875	4,255
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,755	6,050	5,710	1,470	740	730
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	49,215	24,105	25,115	6,660	3,135	3,525
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,455	770	685	230	80	145
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,360	3,960	4,400
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	55,260	27,380	27,880	7,315	3,495	3,815
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	6,855	3,355	3,495	1,030	460	575
Before 1981	3,885	1,865	2,015	700	305	390
1981 to 1990	990	490	500	110	45	60
1991 to 2000	870	420	455	85	45	40
2001 to 2010	735	390	340	70	25	45
2001 to 2005	305	175	135	30	15	20
2006 to 2010	430	220	205	40	10	30
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	375	190	185	70	35	35
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	310	185	130	15	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	6,855	3,355	3,500	1,030	455	575
Under 5 years	1,240	595	645	150	80	70
5 to 14 years	1,805	885	910	195	80	115
15 to 24 years	1,660	780	880	270	110	165
25 to 44 years	1,920	975	945	355	145	205
45 years and over	230	120	110	65	40	20
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	6,850	3,355	3,500	1,035	460	575
Americas	2,325	1,115	1,210	115	35	80
Brazil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	20	0	0	0
El Salvador	20	10	10	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	115	70	45	0	0	0
Mexico	1,550	770	780	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	45	25	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	370	130	245	105	35	70
Other places of birth in Americas	165	105	65	10	0	10
Europe	4,035	2,000	2,035	755	365	390
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	10	0	0	10	0
Croatia	75	25	45	20	10	10
France	25	15	10	0	0	0
Germany	375	175	195	75	40	35
Greece	35	25	10	10	10	0
Hungary	175	90	85	10	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	10	15	10	0
Italy	110	65	35	10	10	10
Netherlands	590	325	265	40	20	20
Poland	110	50	55	10	15	0
Portugal	495	265	220	0	0	0
Romania	45	15	30	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	40	25	20	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	15	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,375	635	735	475	195	280
Other places of birth in Europe	525	260	270	80	35	40
Africa	105	75	35	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	75	45	25	0	0	0
Asia	365	150	215	120	30	90
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	80	45	40	15	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	25	10	15	10	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	95	15	80	70	20	45
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	35	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	15	10	25	20	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	375	185	185	70	35	35
Americas	295	145	145	0	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	15	15	0	0	0
Mexico	190	100	95	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	0	15	10	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	25	0	0	0
Europe	25	25	0	15	10	10
France	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	15	10	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	40	10	30	50	20	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	25	0	25	45	20	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	10	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,355	3,955	4,400
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	7,345	3,630	3,715	1,105	500	610
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	12,935	6,415	6,520	1,620	710	910
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	42,150	20,875	21,275	5,625	2,755	2,875
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,095	1,535	1,555	345	155	190
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,125	540	585	200	80	125
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	355	240	115	80	45	35
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	770	300	475	120	30	90
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,585	790	795	125	65	65
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	335	180	155	15	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	45	25	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	62,430	30,920	31,505	8,360	3,955	4,400
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,795	835	960	665	360	305
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,730	805	925	655	345	305
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,335	620	715	360	185	170
Métis	385	180	205	280	140	135
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	0	20	20	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	10	10	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	60	35	30	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	60,630	30,080	30,550	7,695	3,600	4,095
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	62,430	30,920	31,510	8,360	3,960	4,400
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	835	375	460	220	120	105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	61,595	30,545	31,050	8,135	3,840	4,295
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,360	3,960	4,400
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	335	135	195	100	70	30
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	335	140	195	105	70	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	300	125	175	60	40	20
Métis single ancestry	35	20	15	35	25	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,190	1,055	1,130	630	305	320
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,170	1,040	1,130	590	285	305
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,810	875	935	370	190	180
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	165	190	205	85	125
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	15	10	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	59,905	29,725	30,175	7,625	3,580	4,045
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	62,425	30,920	31,510	8,360	3,960	4,400
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,390	745	650	275	115	165
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	120	75	45	35	25	10
Chinese	175	90	80	25	0	20
Black	580	345	230	25	20	10
Filipino	135	25	110	90	30	60
Latin American	95	40	50	10	0	10
Arab	30	15	10	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	85	40	50	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Korean	75	40	35	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	55	20	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	60	40	25	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40	20	20	20	10	15
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	61,035	30,180	30,855	8,085	3,845	4,235
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	62,425	30,920	31,505	8,355	3,955	4,400
North American Aboriginal origins	2,525	1,195	1,330	735	380	355
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,135	1,015	1,120	475	255	220
Inuit	0	0	0	20	20	0
Métis	415	200	215	280	130	150
Other North American origins	20,885	10,295	10,585	2,420	1,150	1,270
Acadian	55	15	35	15	0	15
American	805	340	470	285	145	145
Canadian	20,425	10,100	10,325	2,215	1,045	1,170
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	25	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	0	0	0
European origins	50,525	24,910	25,615	7,270	3,440	3,830
British Isles origins	31,820	15,385	16,440	5,710	2,695	3,020
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	20,430	9,785	10,640	3,945	1,820	2,130
Irish	11,230	5,385	5,850	1,900	875	1,025
Manx	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish	12,850	6,095	6,755	2,590	1,275	1,315
Welsh	1,300	675	625	275	145	135
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,530	725	805	230	95	130
French origins	4,855	2,450	2,405	895	395	495
Alsatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	4,850	2,445	2,405	890	395	495
Western European origins (except French origins)	20,715	10,265	10,450	1,850	780	1,070
Austrian	360	160	200	100	60	40
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	4,030	2,070	1,960	45	30	15
Dutch	5,625	2,815	2,810	605	255	345
Flemish	155	80	80	15	10	0
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	12,500	6,070	6,425	1,250	490	760
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	170	80	90	35	15	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	930	470	460	950	385	560
Danish	230	100	130	160	65	90
Finnish	135	65	70	175	60	115
Icelandic	50	30	20	60	30	30
Norwegian	255	145	110	365	150	215
Swedish	250	110	140	240	85	155
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	50	35	15	55	30	25
Eastern European origins	8,725	4,275	4,450	1,195	550	650
Bulgarian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	10	0	10
Czech	235	125	110	50	25	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	135	55	85	55	10	40
Estonian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,745	1,335	1,415	110	55	55
Latvian	75	35	40	10	0	0
Lithuanian	170	80	85	50	20	25
Moldovan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Polish	2,115	1,020	1,095	405	175	235
Romanian	435	205	235	35	20	15
Russian	945	460	490	210	120	95
Slovak	280	150	135	15	0	10
Ukrainian	2,550	1,300	1,250	560	265	300
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	25	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,735	1,840	1,895	635	315	320
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	175	95	80	25	10	10
Cypriot	40	15	20	0	0	0
Greek	215	100	110	110	60	55
Italian	1,500	690	810	365	175	195
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Maltese	130	85	50	10	0	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,160	625	535	60	40	25
Serbian	55	25	35	0	10	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	75	25	50	10	10	0
Spanish	275	150	125	50	25	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	220	105	115	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	210	95	115	50	35	10
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	105	55	50	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	25	10	10	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	10	0	10	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	75	25	55	30	25	10
Caribbean origins	520	330	195	25	10	15
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	125	80	45	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dominican	20	0	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	260	170	90	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70	50	25	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,125	525	605	20	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	10	15	10	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	930	430	505	0	10	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	45	35	15	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	25	10	15	10	0	10
African origins	260	120	140	65	35	30
Central and West African origins	20	10	10	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	30	20	0	30	15	20
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	15	10	0	35	20	20
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	190	75	115	35	20	15
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	20	10	10	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	180	70	110	20	20	0
Asian origins	830	420	410	305	130	175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	190	120	65	0	0	0
Afghan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	60	40	20	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	15	0	15	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	20	20	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	20	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	140	75	65	35	25	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	125	70	60	30	20	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	15	10	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	505	220	285	270	105	165
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese	210	100	110	55	10	45
Filipino	145	35	115	110	45	65
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	20	15	0	65	25	35
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	40	35	0	10	0
Laotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10	20	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	20	10	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	65	25	40	40	25	15
Australian	45	15	30	25	15	10
New Zealander	20	10	10	20	15	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
Owner	20,780	...	...	2,990	...	...
Renter	5,230	...	...	720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	26,010	...	...	3,710	...	...
Condominium	1,055	...	...	460	...	...
Not condominium	24,950	...	...	3,250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	26,010	...	...	3,710	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	15	...	...
1 bedroom	1,770	...	...	195	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,155	...	...	965	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,500	...	...	1,525	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,545	...	...	1,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,355	...	...	620	...	...
5 rooms	3,380	...	...	625	...	...
6 rooms	4,525	...	...	660	...	...
7 rooms	4,430	...	...	560	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,325	...	...	1,245	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	26,010	...	...	3,710	...	...
One person or fewer per room	25,820	...	...	3,700	...	...
More than 1 person per room	185	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	26,010	...	...	3,710	...	...
Suitable	25,295	...	...	3,655	...	...
Not suitable	710	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
1960 or before	10,060	...	...	880	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,890	...	...	775	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,695	...	...	330	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,415	...	...	830	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,205	...	...	265	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,470	...	...	410	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,275	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	24,310	...	...	3,485	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,695	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	26,005	...	...	3,710	...	...
1 household maintainer	14,985	...	...	2,135	...	...
2 household maintainers	10,675	...	...	1,535	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	345	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	26,010	...	...	3,710	...	...
15 to 24 years	450	...	...	35	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,540	...	...	330	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,270	...	...	475	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,810	...	...	690	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,115	...	...	770	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,070	...	...	815	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,765	...	...	465	...	...
85 years and over	980	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	25,120	...	...	3,700	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,015	...	...	2,930	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,105	...	...	770	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,660	...	...	675	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,995	...	...	2,990	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.7	...	...	60.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.7	...	...	16.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	905	...	...	1,035	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,061	...	...	1,090	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,831	...	...	340,036	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,434	...	...	346,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,160	...	...	715	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.2	...	...	14.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.0	...	...	37.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	824	...	...	915	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	837	...	...	949	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,335	3,765
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,725	6,685	6,045	1,085	585	495
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	15,810	7,680	8,130	2,045	905	1,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,195	11,540	12,650	3,980	1,840	2,140
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,815	3,440	1,370	785	620	165
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,220	1,350	870	325	200	120
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,595	2,090	505	460	420	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,015	5,460	7,550	1,730	585	1,135
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	785	355	425	390	135	255
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,580	2,280	3,295	1,080	490	585
Bachelor's degree	4,090	1,600	2,495	695	305	395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	430	180	245	80	40	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	75	55	35	20	10
Master's degree	845	375	465	235	105	130
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	85	45	40	35	20	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	32,020	15,710	16,310	4,225	1,935	2,290
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,180	2,945	2,230	370	215	155
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	9,550	4,835	4,715	1,160	555	605
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,295	7,930	9,365	2,690	1,165	1,525
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,025	2,165	865	530	390	135
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,355	830	525	225	120	105
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,670	1,335	340	305	270	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,905	4,170	5,730	1,170	370	800
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	415	195	225	260	75	180
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,950	1,400	2,550	740	330	410
Bachelor's degree	2,915	1,005	1,905	530	250	285
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	300	110	190	35	10	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	40	40	25	15	10
Master's degree	615	220	390	135	55	80
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45	20	30	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,335	3,765
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	28,535	14,365	14,170	3,125	1,495	1,630
Education	1,700	360	1,335	335	75	260
13. Education	1,705	365	1,340	335	75	260
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	630	235	395	140	80	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	25	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	530	165	370	115	60	55
Humanities	945	405	535	120	40	80
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	15	15	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	200	65	135	35	10	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	60	145	15	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	30	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	135	80	25	10	20
54. History	195	95	100	30	10	20
55. French language and literature/letters	30	10	30	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,310	555	1,755	340	110	230
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	80	120	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	80	740	85	0	80
22. Legal professions and studies	325	90	235	60	10	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	10	45	15	0	10
42. Psychology	265	45	225	65	25	40
45. Social sciences	625	250	380	100	60	45
Business, management and public administration	4,035	1,280	2,760	770	200	570
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	60	465	85	35	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,495	1,205	2,290	680	160	520
Physical and life sciences and technologies	475	270	200	80	45	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	130	110	30	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	70	50	30	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	60	45	15	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	25	25	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500	270	230	60	25	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	190	130	40	25	15
25. Library science	70	10	60	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	70	45	0	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,195	5,945	250	885	835	45
04. Architecture and related services	110	95	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	285	255	30	95	80	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,255	1,165	90	135	115	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,320	1,280	40	225	225	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,160	2,125	35	325	310	10
48. Precision production	1,065	1,020	40	100	100	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	950	700	245	155	125	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	755	580	170	45	20	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	125	70	110	110	10
Health and related fields	4,405	570	3,840	805	140	670
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	315	160	155	55	15	35
51. Health professions and related programs	4,065	390	3,675	750	120	630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	30	20	10	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,045	940	1,105	295	160	130
12. Personal and culinary services	1,155	195	960	165	35	130
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	480	365	110	30	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	370	30	95	95	0
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	32,020	15,715	16,310	4,225	1,935	2,290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	14,725	7,780	6,945	1,530	770	760
Education	990	180	815	200	35	165
13. Education	990	180	815	200	30	165
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	470	180	290	110	60	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	60	20	25	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	395	120	270	85	45	35
Humanities	660	235	425	95	30	60
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	10	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	165	50	115	25	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	40	120	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	15	30	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	70	60	20	10	15
54. History	125	55	70	30	0	20
55. French language and literature/letters	20	0	25	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,770	350	1,420	265	75	190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	60	95	10	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	675	40	635	70	10	65
22. Legal professions and studies	255	50	210	45	10	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	30	0	30	10	0	10
42. Psychology	180	30	160	40	10	30
45. Social sciences	455	175	285	80	40	35
Business, management and public administration	2,890	815	2,075	545	140	405
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	45	395	65	25	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,430	755	1,675	475	110	365
Physical and life sciences and technologies	320	170	145	30	10	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	90	80	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	45	35	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	15	15	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	25	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	385	195	185	40	15	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	280	150	130	40	15	15
25. Library science	35	10	35	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,320	4,105	215	535	510	30
04. Architecture and related services	85	70	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	150	125	30	55	45	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	945	870	75	80	75	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	915	880	40	135	135	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,450	1,420	30	215	210	0
48. Precision production	780	740	40	50	50	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	730	535	200	100	80	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	590	435	150	30	15	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	95	50	70	65	0
Health and related fields	3,220	430	2,795	560	95	460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	235	110	120	40	10	25
51. Health professions and related programs	2,980	310	2,670	515	80	430
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	10	0	0	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,525	735	795	215	105	110
12. Personal and culinary services	810	145	655	135	25	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	380	275	105	25	20	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	305	30	55	60	0
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,330	3,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,540	14,365	14,170	3,125	1,495	1,630
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	24,190	11,540	12,650	3,975	1,840	2,140
Location of study inside Canada	22,595	10,695	11,900	3,540	1,640	1,900
Same as province or territory of residence	21,815	10,330	11,480	2,570	1,175	1,390
Different than province or territory of residence	780	360	420	970	460	510
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,600	845	750	435	200	235
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	525	240	285	120	55	60
Philippines	65	15	45	40	10	35
India	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	415	265	155	195	85	110
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	10	10	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other	565	315	255	85	50	35
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	32,020	15,710	16,310	4,220	1,935	2,290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,725	7,785	6,945	1,530	770	765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	17,290	7,925	9,365	2,695	1,165	1,530
Location of study inside Canada	16,440	7,595	8,845	2,485	1,075	1,410
Same as province or territory of residence	15,930	7,350	8,585	1,960	835	1,130
Different than province or territory of residence	510	245	270	520	240	285
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	850	335	515	210	90	120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	360	135	230	55	40	20
Philippines	55	10	50	40	10	35
India	10	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	130	65	65	80	30	50
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	290	125	165	35	10	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,100	3,335	3,770
In the labour force	31,440	16,715	14,725	4,045	2,030	2,010
Employed	29,095	15,370	13,725	3,790	1,895	1,895
Unemployed	2,345	1,345	1,000	250	140	110
Not in the labour force	21,295	9,195	12,100	3,055	1,300	1,760
Participation rate	59.6	64.5	54.9	57.0	60.9	53.3
Employment rate	55.2	59.3	51.2	53.4	56.8	50.3
Unemployment rate	7.5	8.0	6.8	6.2	6.9	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	52,730	25,905	26,825	7,105	3,335	3,770
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	19,445	8,450	10,995	2,875	1,195	1,680
Worked	33,285	17,455	15,830	4,225	2,135	2,085
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	16,710	9,665	7,045	2,070	1,180	890
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	16,580	7,790	8,790	2,160	955	1,200
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.8	42.1	42.3	42.9	41.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	31,435	16,715	14,720	4,045	2,030	2,010
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	575	340	235	75	45	35
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	30,860	16,375	14,490	3,965	1,990	1,975
Employee	26,570	13,670	12,900	3,430	1,710	1,720
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,295	2,705	1,585	540	280	255
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	31,435	16,715	14,720	4,040	2,035	2,010
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	575	340	235	75	45	35
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	30,865	16,370	14,485	3,965	1,990	1,975
0 Management occupations	3,395	2,230	1,165	395	210	180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,535	800	2,740	600	135	460
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	985	755	230	215	185	40
3 Health occupations	2,030	250	1,780	310	50	260
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,800	665	2,135	485	185	295
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	525	165	365	135	40	100
6 Sales and service occupations	6,515	2,370	4,140	905	335	570
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,445	5,955	495	700	650	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,665	1,160	500	95	80	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,965	2,030	940	135	125	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	31,435	16,715	14,725	4,045	2,035	2,005
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	575	345	235	75	40	30
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	30,865	16,375	14,490	3,970	1,990	1,975
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,830	1,825	1,005	120	90	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	100	10	35	25	10
22 Utilities	275	200	75	45	30	10
23 Construction	2,565	2,255	305	280	230	50
31-33 Manufacturing	4,740	3,560	1,180	340	300	45
41 Wholesale trade	1,280	950	335	115	85	30
44-45 Retail trade	3,550	1,560	1,985	505	235	265
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,575	1,140	430	235	190	45
51 Information and cultural industries	310	150	155	65	30	35
52 Finance and insurance	665	210	460	155	40	115
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	175	145	75	30	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,125	530	600	205	90	120
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,230	625	605	180	75	105
61 Educational services	1,700	405	1,300	265	80	185
62 Health care and social assistance	3,435	430	3,005	465	75	385
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	630	280	345	50	15	30
72 Accommodation and food services	2,000	705	1,300	325	110	220
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,330	690	645	210	75	135
91 Public administration	1,185	580	600	305	175	125
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	29,095	15,370	13,720	3,790	1,895	1,895
Worked at home	2,750	1,400	1,355	300	115	185
Worked outside Canada	70	45	20	10	0	10
No fixed workplace address	3,665	2,655	1,015	635	465	170
Worked at usual place	22,610	11,280	11,330	2,840	1,315	1,530
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	22,605	11,280	11,330	2,840	1,315	1,525
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,965	5,605	7,365	950	325	620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,885	1,275	610	720	415	300
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,700	4,380	3,320	1,130	540	590
Commute to a different province or territory	55	20	35	35	25	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	26,275	13,930	12,345	3,475	1,775	1,700
Car, truck, van - as a driver	22,685	12,210	10,480	3,025	1,535	1,490
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,715	900	815	160	80	80
Public transit	135	35	100	40	30	10
Walked	1,390	590	800	185	85	100
Bicycle	90	70	15	15	15	0
Other method	255	120	135	50	35	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	26,275	13,930	12,345	3,475	1,775	1,700
Less than 15 minutes	8,920	4,155	4,760	1,155	465	695
15 to 29 minutes	8,745	4,295	4,455	1,190	680	510
30 to 44 minutes	4,285	2,425	1,865	800	405	400
45 to 59 minutes	1,920	1,270	650	110	75	40
60 minutes and over	2,405	1,790	620	225	165	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	26,275	13,925	12,345	3,475	1,775	1,700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,050	2,205	850	250	185	60
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,605	3,700	1,905	630	400	230
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,240	3,285	2,965	960	570	390
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,820	1,555	3,265	735	235	495
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,900	610	1,290	340	95	245
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,655	2,575	2,075	565	290	280
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	34,140	17,810	16,330	4,365	2,190	2,175
Single responses	34,025	17,755	16,270	4,365	2,195	2,175
Official languages	33,780	17,610	16,170	4,365	2,190	2,170
English	33,730	17,605	16,125	4,355	2,190	2,165
French	50	10	45	10	0	10
Non-official languages	245	145	100	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250	150	100	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	185	105	80	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	155	85	70	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	110	65	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	115	50	65	0	0	0
English and French	15	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	95	50	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	34,140	17,805	16,330	4,365	2,195	2,175
None	33,240	17,370	15,870	4,310	2,185	2,130
English	130	50	80	0	0	10
French	185	70	115	15	10	15
Non-official language	565	300	265	20	0	20
Aboriginal	10	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	555	300	260	15	0	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	61,780	30,590	31,190	8,315	3,940	4,380
Non-movers	56,020	27,805	28,215	6,890	3,335	3,555
Movers	5,755	2,785	2,970	1,430	605	825
Non-migrants	2,595	1,310	1,290	665	295	375
Migrants	3,160	1,475	1,685	765	310	450
Internal migrants	2,870	1,350	1,525	745	310	440
Intraprovincial migrants	2,695	1,260	1,440	550	215	335
Interprovincial migrants	175	90	85	195	95	105
External migrants	290	125	160	20	0	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	59,270	29,290	29,975	7,965	3,765	4,200
Non-movers	41,705	20,645	21,060	4,575	2,215	2,365
Movers	17,560	8,650	8,920	3,385	1,555	1,835
Non-migrants	8,795	4,355	4,440	1,375	645	730
Migrants	8,770	4,290	4,480	2,015	905	1,105
Internal migrants	8,285	4,045	4,240	1,945	880	1,060
Intraprovincial migrants	7,820	3,815	4,005	1,385	620	765
Interprovincial migrants	465	230	235	555	260	295
External migrants	485	240	240	75	30	45

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Norfolk [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Ladysmith, T [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Norfolk [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Ladysmith, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Norfolk [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Ladysmith, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Norfolk [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Ladysmith, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia