Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sarnia [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Sarnia Ontario [Census agglomeration]			Montcalm, RM Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Sarnia [Census agglomeration], Ontario Map : Sarnia [Census agglomeration], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	96,151	...	...	1,260	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	97,131 ^r	...	...	1,309	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-1.0	...	...	-3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	44,252	...	...	527	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	41,989	...	...	491	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	86.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,118.65	...	...	468.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	96,155	46,885	49,265	1,260	645	610
0 to 14 years	14,720	7,410	7,310	220	120	100
0 to 4 years	4,620	2,325	2,290	75	50	25
5 to 9 years	5,175	2,575	2,605	80	35	50
10 to 14 years	4,925	2,505	2,415	60	35	25
15 to 64 years	61,000	30,130	30,870	855	430	425
15 to 19 years	5,230	2,670	2,560	80	40	45
20 to 24 years	5,860	3,045	2,815	75	35	40
25 to 29 years	5,590	2,845	2,745	85	40	40
30 to 34 years	5,490	2,750	2,745	75	35	35
35 to 39 years	5,165	2,495	2,670	75	40	35
40 to 44 years	5,265	2,595	2,675	60	30	30
45 to 49 years	5,670	2,785	2,885	90	40	50
50 to 54 years	7,120	3,395	3,725	120	60	55
55 to 59 years	8,010	3,870	4,145	115	60	50
60 to 64 years	7,605	3,690	3,910	85	40	40
65 years and over	20,425	9,345	11,080	185	100	90
65 to 69 years	6,660	3,250	3,405	75	45	30
70 to 74 years	4,915	2,365	2,545	45	25	25
75 to 79 years	3,490	1,585	1,900	25	10	10
80 to 84 years	2,725	1,180	1,545	20	10	10
85 years and over	2,640	955	1,680	20	5	15
85 to 89 years	1,720	690	1,030	15	5	10
90 to 94 years	740	230	510	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	155	35	120	5	0	5
100 years and over	25	5	20	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.8	14.8	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	63.4	64.3	62.7	67.9	66.7	69.7
65 years and over	21.2	19.9	22.5	14.7	15.5	14.8
85 years and over	2.7	2.0	3.4	1.6	0.8	2.5
Average age of the population	43.7	42.7	44.6	40.3	40.1	40.5
Median age of the population	45.7	44.3	46.9	42.1	42.7	41.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	41,990	...	...	490	...	...
Single-detached house	30,305	...	...	445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,905	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	7,665	...	...	40	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,400	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	2,085	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	865	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,245	...	...	40	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	110	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	41,990	...	...	490	...	...
1 person	12,830	...	...	120	...	...
2 persons	16,170	...	...	220	...	...
3 persons	5,600	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	4,940	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	2,445	...	...	40	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,890	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	81,430	39,475	41,955	1,040	525	515
Married or living common law	48,130	24,050	24,080	700	350	350
Married	40,640	20,315	20,325	615	305	305
Living common law	7,490	3,740	3,750	85	45	45
Not married and not living common law	33,300	15,425	17,875	340	175	165
Never married	19,730	10,865	8,865	240	135	105
Separated	2,680	1,155	1,525	20	10	10
Divorced	5,185	2,195	2,990	40	25	15
Widowed	5,700	1,210	4,495	45	15	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	28,330	...	...	365	...	...
2 persons	16,250	...	...	220	...	...
3 persons	5,430	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	4,635	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	2,020	...	...	35	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	28,330	...	...	365	...	...
Total couple families	23,720	...	...	330	...	...
Married couples	19,975	...	...	285	...	...
Common-law couples	3,745	...	...	45	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,610	...	...	35	...	...
Female parent	3,620	...	...	30	...	...
Male parent	995	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	23,720	...	...	330	...	...
Couples without children	13,480	...	...	195	...	...
Couples with children	10,240	...	...	135	...	...
1 child	4,105	...	...	50	...	...
2 children	4,230	...	...	55	...	...
3 or more children	1,905	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,610	...	...	35	...	...
1 child	2,770	...	...	25	...	...
2 children	1,325	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	520	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,850	8,095	8,755	155	100	50
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	41,990	...	...	490	...	...
One-census-family households	27,560	...	...	355	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	13,205	...	...	195	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	14,360	...	...	165	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	385	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,045	...	...	130	...	...
One-person households	12,830	...	...	125	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,210	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	95,255	46,555	48,700	1,260	645	610
English only	88,355	43,575	44,775	635	320	320
French only	45	20	25	5	0	5
English and French	6,605	2,855	3,750	610	320	290
Neither English nor French	250	100	150	10	5	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	95,255	46,555	48,695	1,260	645	615
English	92,980	45,545	47,440	795	385	410
French	1,920	865	1,055	455	255	200
English and French	115	55	60	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	240	90	145	5	5	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,975	890	1,085	460	255	200
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.1	1.9	2.2	36.5	39.5	32.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	95,250	46,555	48,695	1,260	650	615
Single responses	94,345	46,120	48,230	1,235	635	600
Official languages	87,700	42,875	44,825	1,035	535	505
English	85,610	41,940	43,675	580	275	310
French	2,085	940	1,150	455	255	200
Non-official languages	6,650	3,245	3,405	195	100	95
Aboriginal languages	50	15	30	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	45	15	25	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	15	25	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	45	15	25	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,600	3,225	3,375	190	95	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	130	115	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	245	125	115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	210	110	100	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	40	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	225	80	150	5	0	0
Bikol	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	60	125	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	135	85	50	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	40	20	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	15	0	0	0
Telugu	35	25	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,180	2,540	2,640	185	95	90
Albanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	775	350	425	10	5	5
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	755	340	415	10	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Czech	50	15	40	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	315	145	170	0	0	0
Russian	60	20	45	10	5	0
Serbian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	90	45	50	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,590	745	840	170	90	85
Afrikaans	20	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	40	20	15	0	0	0
Dutch	945	440	505	5	0	0
Frisian	40	20	20	0	0	0
German	505	240	265	170	85	80
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	5	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	195	115	85	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	750	410	340	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	665	360	300	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	270	145	125	0	0	0
Hindi	110	65	45	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	65	50	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	105	55	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	60	35	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,820	895	930	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	950	495	450	0	0	0
Portuguese	395	190	210	5	0	0
Romanian	50	15	30	0	0	0
Spanish	420	190	235	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	30	50	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	15	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	180	195	0	0	0
Chinese languages	350	165	190	0	0	0
Cantonese	140	75	70	0	0	0
Hakka	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	180	75	100	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Burmese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	15	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0	5	5
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	10	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	145	75	75	0	0	5
Estonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	30	15	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	100	55	50	0	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	905	435	470	25	15	10
English and French	300	125	175	20	10	10
English and non-official language	555	290	270	5	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	30	10	20	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	95,255	46,555	48,695	1,260	650	610
Single responses	94,020	45,975	48,040	1,240	640	600
Official languages	91,965	45,000	46,965	1,110	570	540
English	91,435	44,765	46,665	825	425	400
French	535	235	305	280	140	145
Non-official languages	2,055	975	1,080	130	70	60
Aboriginal languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,040	970	1,070	130	70	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	50	60	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	50	60	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	90	40	55	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	35	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	50	30	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,370	640	735	125	65	60
Albanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	145	65	75	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	30	35	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	105	45	60	120	65	55
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	35	10	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	60	30	30	125	65	55
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	85	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	405	215	190	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	370	195	170	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	185	90	90	0	0	0
Hindi	50	30	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	10	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	40	25	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	20	20	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	625	260	365	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	245	95	150	0	0	0
Portuguese	160	60	95	0	0	0
Romanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	200	95	110	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	20	30	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	20	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	105	110	0	0	0
Chinese languages	205	100	110	0	0	0
Cantonese	75	35	40	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	120	60	60	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,235	580	655	25	10	15
English and French	130	45	85	20	10	10
English and non-official language	1,070	515	560	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	95,255	46,555	48,700	1,260	650	615
None	90,000	44,140	45,860	780	400	375
English	1,185	560	620	260	130	130
French	1,530	630	905	180	95	85
Non-official language	2,450	1,180	1,265	40	15	20
Aboriginal	120	45	75	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,325	1,135	1,195	40	20	20
English and French	10	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	15	15	5	0	5
French and non-official language	55	25	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	80,190	39,020	41,170	975	500	475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	77,320	37,840	39,485	930	485	445
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,349	48,399	26,836	36,907	43,563	30,848
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	77,385	37,845	39,545	935	485	450
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,028	42,530	24,727	32,416	37,723	27,776
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	69,515	34,820	34,700	890	475	420
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,530	45,490	22,936	34,176	41,387	27,824
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	57,680	26,345	31,340	610	280	330
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,926	8,200	7,708	5,204	4,624	5,496
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	54,835	29,515	25,320	770	420	345
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,490	40,076	24,148	31,936	39,936	26,304
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	80,180	39,045	41,135	965	470	490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	77,130	37,795	39,330	920	460	455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,860	64,126	36,151	41,204	49,542	32,784
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	77,245	37,795	39,450	920	460	460
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,727	51,064	30,823	34,877	40,901	28,794
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	69,380	34,815	34,560	850	450	405
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,121	63,064	33,067	38,454	45,102	31,031
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,575	26,270	31,305	580	265	315
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,807	8,681	8,913	8,649	9,706	7,771
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,830	29,490	25,340	745	400	345
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,634	57,882	33,543	35,957	41,942	29,039
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	80,180	39,045	41,140	965	475	495
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	23,690	13,660	10,030	355	225	125
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	56,880	72,017	44,541	43,078	45,814	39,524
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	72,933	86,966	53,827	47,504	50,485	42,220
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.9	90.7	80.3	89.0	91.4	84.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.3	70.3	59.5	71.0	75.0	65.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.1	9.3	19.7	11.2	8.3	15.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	80,185	39,020	41,165	975	500	475
Without total income	2,865	1,175	1,685	45	15	25
With total income	77,325	37,840	39,485	935	485	450
Percentage with total income	96.4	97.0	95.9	95.9	97.0	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,680	4,150	6,525	105	35	70
$10,000 to $19,999	12,550	4,345	8,210	125	50	70
$20,000 to $29,999	10,625	3,725	6,895	140	60	75
$30,000 to $39,999	8,615	3,620	4,995	130	55	75
$40,000 to $49,999	7,620	3,645	3,970	135	85	55
$50,000 to $59,999	5,800	3,275	2,525	95	55	40
$60,000 to $69,999	4,610	2,840	1,770	65	40	20
$70,000 to $79,999	3,505	2,300	1,200	55	45	10
$80,000 to $89,999	2,750	1,815	930	30	20	5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	1,570	865	25	20	5
$100,000 and over	8,130	6,545	1,585	35	25	10
$100,000 to $149,999	5,200	4,070	1,125	20	10	10
$150,000 and over	2,930	2,470	460	15	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	80,185	39,020	41,170	975	500	475
Without after-tax income	2,800	1,175	1,620	45	20	25
With after-tax income	77,390	37,840	39,545	930	480	450
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	97.0	96.1	95.4	96.0	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,265	4,210	7,055	110	40	70
$10,000 to $19,999	13,160	4,570	8,595	135	60	80
$20,000 to $29,999	12,175	4,475	7,700	180	75	100
$30,000 to $39,999	10,105	4,475	5,635	170	90	80
$40,000 to $49,999	8,300	4,410	3,885	130	75	50
$50,000 to $59,999	6,185	3,805	2,385	85	60	25
$60,000 to $69,999	4,375	2,960	1,415	65	40	20
$70,000 to $79,999	3,675	2,470	1,205	25	20	5
$80,000 and over	8,140	6,465	1,675	35	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	1,730	645	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,625	1,265	360	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	4,140	3,475	670	20	15	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	80,185	39,020	41,170	975	500	475
Without employment income	25,350	9,505	15,845	205	75	130
With employment income	54,840	29,515	25,320	765	420	345
Percentage with employment income	68.4	75.6	61.5	78.5	84.0	72.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,410	5,970	4,440	90	50	45
$5,000 to $9,999	4,365	1,790	2,575	75	40	35
$10,000 to $19,999	6,670	2,585	4,085	95	40	55
$20,000 to $29,999	5,695	2,225	3,470	95	40	60
$30,000 to $39,999	5,170	2,170	3,000	100	45	55
$40,000 to $49,999	4,175	2,020	2,155	95	55	35
$50,000 to $59,999	3,260	1,790	1,465	75	45	25
$60,000 to $69,999	2,575	1,570	1,005	40	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	2,100	1,380	720	45	35	10
$80,000 and over	10,415	8,005	2,410	60	50	15
$80,000 to $89,999	1,915	1,255	665	25	25	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,975	1,270	705	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	6,525	5,485	1,045	25	20	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	41,990	...	...	495	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,785	...	...	71,595	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,161	...	...	62,656	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	12,835	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,413	...	...	38,784	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,923	...	...	33,408	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	29,160	...	...	370	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,466	...	...	85,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,668	...	...	71,424	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	41,990	...	...	490	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	91,592	...	...	77,043	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	74,927	...	...	65,213	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,835	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,518	...	...	48,966	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,596	...	...	39,510	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	29,160	...	...	400	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,986	...	...	83,356	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,473	...	...	70,992	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	41,990	...	...	490	...	...
Under $5,000	445	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	675	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,280	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,570	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,870	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,580	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,830	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,810	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,730	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,685	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,245	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,035	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,805	...	...	40	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,570	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,670	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,315	...	...	60	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,905	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,400	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,050	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	41,990	...	...	490	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	680	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,310	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,625	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,115	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,840	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,090	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,055	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,165	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,975	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,885	...	...	50	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,515	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,320	...	...	50	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,700	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,280	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,960	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,120	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,465	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,380	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	28,255	...	...	365	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,027	...	...	85,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,073	...	...	71,424	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	13,005	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,529	...	...	81,237	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,812	...	...	68,864	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	10,360	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,393	...	...	91,819	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,317	...	...	79,616	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,355	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,936	...	...	55,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,655	...	...	49,536	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	28,245	...	...	385	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,885	...	...	83,351	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,049	...	...	70,946	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	13,030	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	103,756	...	...	77,967	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,472	...	...	67,142	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	10,305	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	144,541	...	...	100,954	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,890	...	...	84,215	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,375	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,455	...	...	53,628	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,088	...	...	47,783	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,440	7,475	7,960	140	95	45
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,603	37,549	30,757	35,520	41,792	31,296
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,502	33,568	28,408	32,032	35,456	28,864
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	15,420	7,525	7,895	125	80	40
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,448	50,115	39,046	44,343	39,683	53,481
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,236	40,833	33,808	36,312	32,228	44,318
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	94,890	46,420	48,470	1,160	595	560
In the bottom half of the distribution	43,355	20,175	23,180	635	330	305
In the bottom decile	8,790	4,165	4,625	75	40	35
In the second decile	8,535	3,615	4,925	110	50	60
In the third decile	8,590	3,955	4,630	150	75	80
In the fourth decile	8,440	4,010	4,430	155	80	75
In the fifth decile	9,005	4,435	4,575	140	85	55
In the top half of the distribution	51,535	26,240	25,290	525	270	255
In the sixth decile	9,265	4,610	4,655	125	70	60
In the seventh decile	10,270	5,125	5,140	120	60	60
In the eighth decile	10,220	5,235	4,985	110	60	50
In the ninth decile	10,900	5,610	5,285	115	60	55
In the top decile	10,880	5,660	5,220	50	20	30
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	94,250	46,115	48,140	1,160	600	565
0 to 17 years	17,580	8,900	8,675	230	120	110
0 to 5 years	5,555	2,810	2,745	85	50	30
18 to 64 years	57,325	28,220	29,105	755	385	375
65 years and over	19,350	8,990	10,360	175	95	75
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,685	5,680	7,010	130	65	65
0 to 17 years	3,195	1,595	1,595	35	15	20
0 to 5 years	1,195	595	600	15	15	5
18 to 64 years	7,745	3,520	4,220	70	35	35
65 years and over	1,755	565	1,185	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.3	14.6	11.2	10.8	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	18.2	17.9	18.4	15.2	12.5	18.2
0 to 5 years (%)	21.5	21.2	21.9	17.6	30.0	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.5	12.5	14.5	9.3	9.1	9.3
65 years and over (%)	9.1	6.3	11.4	14.3	10.5	20.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,670	3,235	3,440	55	35	25
0 to 17 years	1,445	695	745	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	540	255	285	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	4,900	2,415	2,490	30	20	15
65 years and over	325	125	195	10	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.1	7.0	7.1	4.7	5.8	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	7.8	8.6	6.5	8.3	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.7	9.1	10.4	11.8	10.0	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	8.6	8.6	4.0	5.2	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.4	1.9	5.7	5.3	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	94,880	46,420	48,470	1,160	585	580
Official languages	94,620	46,290	48,330	1,145	570	575
English	94,585	46,280	48,310	1,125	555	570
French	6,730	2,960	3,765	625	290	330
Non-official languages	8,575	4,130	4,445	155	90	65
Aboriginal languages	200	70	130	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	195	65	130	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	195	70	130	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	195	70	125	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,380	4,065	4,320	155	95	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	280	200	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	475	275	200	0	0	0
Amharic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Arabic	415	230	185	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	320	120	200	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	20	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	295	100	195	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	175	135	40	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	80	65	20	0	0	0
Tamil	45	30	10	0	0	0
Telugu	70	60	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,465	3,120	3,350	115	75	35
Albanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	875	390	485	20	10	10
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	855	390	470	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Croatian	40	15	30	0	0	0
Czech	50	25	25	0	10	0
Macedonian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Polish	365	175	195	0	0	0
Russian	140	55	90	15	10	10
Serbian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	95	30	60	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	120	50	75	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	35	25	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,840	865	970	105	70	35
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	10	0	10	0
Dutch	1,000	465	530	0	0	0
Frisian	60	40	25	0	0	0
German	755	355	395	85	55	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	10
Greek	260	155	110	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,005	555	450	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	910	510	400	0	0	0
Bengali	50	30	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	345	200	145	0	0	0
Hindi	505	290	210	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	80	95	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	175	85	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	110	60	55	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	10	20	0	0	0
Pashto	0	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	85	45	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,525	1,175	1,360	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,160	570	590	0	0	0
Portuguese	415	175	245	0	0	0
Romanian	65	20	45	0	0	0
Spanish	950	430	520	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	110	85	25	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	180	90	85	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	15	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	125	50	75	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	100	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	25	10	25	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	430	185	245	0	0	0
Chinese languages	395	165	230	0	0	0
Cantonese	155	80	75	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	80	130	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Burmese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	20	10	15
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	10	25	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Estonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	135	65	70	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	94,885	46,415	48,470	1,160	585	575
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	92,240	45,245	46,995	1,115	555	560
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,540	8,865	8,670	235	110	130
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,700	36,380	38,320	880	450	435
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,640	1,170	1,470	45	30	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	94,885	46,420	48,465	1,160	580	575
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	83,900	41,275	42,625	1,030	515	515
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	10,400	4,760	5,640	110	60	55
Before 1981	6,535	3,115	3,420	30	20	10
1981 to 1990	1,145	430	715	0	0	10
1991 to 2000	965	430	535	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,230	545	685	65	35	35
2001 to 2005	590	265	325	30	15	15
2006 to 2010	635	275	360	40	20	20
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	525	245	290	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	585	385	200	25	15	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10,400	4,755	5,640	110	55	50
Under 5 years	1,420	660	755	25	15	10
5 to 14 years	2,060	1,040	1,025	30	10	25
15 to 24 years	2,740	1,160	1,575	10	0	0
25 to 44 years	3,660	1,660	2,005	45	20	25
45 years and over	520	235	280	10	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,395	4,760	5,640	115	60	55
Americas	1,950	670	1,285	15	10	10
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	50	15	30	0	0	0
El Salvador	95	45	55	0	0	0
Guyana	20	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	125	65	60	0	0	0
Mexico	70	35	40	0	0	0
Peru	0	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	75	35	40	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,260	335	925	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	240	115	120	10	0	10
Europe	6,215	3,020	3,195	55	30	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	15	0	0	0
Croatia	20	10	10	0	0	0
France	55	25	25	0	0	0
Germany	375	160	215	30	20	15
Greece	160	90	70	0	0	0
Hungary	125	70	55	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	120	60	60	0	0	0
Italy	700	375	325	0	0	0
Netherlands	840	425	415	0	10	0
Poland	215	90	125	0	0	0
Portugal	250	100	145	0	0	0
Romania	70	20	55	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	10	15	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	0	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,795	1,370	1,420	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	395	190	205	10	10	0
Africa	335	180	155	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	20	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	220	110	115	10	10	0
Asia	1,865	865	995	35	15	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	210	60	155	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	40	25	20	0	0	0
India	460	235	225	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	80	45	30	0	0	0
Iraq	160	95	60	0	0	0
Japan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	70	35	40	0	0	0
Lebanon	45	20	25	0	0	0
Pakistan	110	55	60	0	0	0
Philippines	290	110	180	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	15	0	0	10
Viet Nam	65	25	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	225	115	115	25	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	35	30	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	525	240	285	10	10	0
Americas	130	60	70	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	30	65	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	0	0	0
Europe	90	25	60	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	10	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	80	50	30	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	15	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	15	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	30	0	0	0
Asia	225	100	125	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	65	35	35	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	10	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	30	10	25	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	94,885	46,415	48,465	1,160	585	580
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,385	5,330	6,060	130	75	60
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	15,915	7,870	8,050	110	60	50
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	67,580	33,225	34,360	915	450	465
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,010	1,700	2,305	85	40	45
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,590	820	765	50	35	20
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	595	435	160	20	20	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	990	380	605	35	15	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,860	615	1,245	10	0	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	535	255	285	25	10	15
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	94,885	46,415	48,465	1,160	585	580
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,985	1,930	2,055	200	75	125
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,840	1,860	1,975	200	70	125
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,770	1,295	1,475	30	25	10
Métis	1,040	555	485	140	35	100
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	30	15	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	45	10	30	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	100	55	50	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	90,900	44,490	46,410	960	510	450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	94,880	46,415	48,465	1,160	580	575
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,375	1,085	1,285	30	20	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,510	45,330	47,180	1,135	565	570
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	94,885	46,415	48,465	1,160	585	575
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,495	715	780	10	15	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,485	705	780	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,390	670	720	15	10	0
Métis single ancestry	95	35	55	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	3,485	1,735	1,750	225	75	150
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,415	1,690	1,730	225	75	150
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,350	1,130	1,220	65	30	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,045	550	495	125	25	100
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	10	30	15	15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	65	45	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	45	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	89,905	43,970	45,935	920	495	420
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	94,885	46,415	48,465	1,160	585	575
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	5,040	2,605	2,435	40	25	15
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,245	680	565	0	0	0
Chinese	610	260	350	0	0	0
Black	1,120	605	515	40	20	15
Filipino	445	180	270	0	0	0
Latin American	410	205	200	0	0	0
Arab	415	230	190	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	220	115	105	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	110	60	50	0	0	0
Korean	90	45	45	0	0	0
Japanese	95	55	35	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	125	80	40	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	155	85	70	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	89,845	43,810	46,035	1,120	560	560
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	94,880	46,415	48,465	1,160	585	575
North American Aboriginal origins	4,975	2,445	2,530	240	85	150
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,815	1,845	1,965	80	40	35
Inuit	25	10	15	30	15	15
Métis	1,220	640	575	125	25	100
Other North American origins	34,170	16,630	17,540	340	170	165
Acadian	70	15	50	0	0	0
American	1,620	650	970	10	0	10
Canadian	33,025	16,175	16,850	335	170	170
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	40	20	20	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	72,815	35,305	37,515	965	485	485
British Isles origins	52,890	25,680	27,205	315	165	150
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	31,250	14,625	16,630	155	70	80
Irish	21,835	10,505	11,335	110	55	55
Manx	45	20	25	0	0	0
Scottish	23,815	11,415	12,400	150	80	65
Welsh	1,970	985	985	10	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,345	1,130	1,220	15	0	15
French origins	14,265	6,725	7,545	540	235	300
Alsatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	14,255	6,720	7,530	535	235	300
Western European origins (except French origins)	19,665	9,525	10,145	345	180	165
Austrian	380	195	185	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,535	745	795	25	0	25
Dutch	8,730	4,210	4,520	80	35	40
Flemish	70	20	45	0	10	0
Frisian	40	20	15	0	0	0
German	10,250	4,950	5,300	250	145	105
Luxembourger	25	0	20	0	0	0
Swiss	165	90	70	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,950	955	1,000	20	0	15
Danish	445	235	215	15	0	15
Finnish	390	210	175	0	0	0
Icelandic	130	70	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	480	220	260	0	0	0
Swedish	475	220	255	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	110	35	75	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	7,300	3,440	3,860	180	70	115
Bulgarian	80	25	50	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	370	195	175	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	225	85	130	0	0	10
Estonian	55	35	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	935	410	520	0	0	0
Latvian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Lithuanian	145	60	85	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,645	1,350	1,295	40	10	25
Romanian	445	175	270	0	0	0
Russian	725	350	365	50	10	40
Slovak	650	265	385	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,055	970	1,085	90	50	35
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	55	30	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins	7,125	3,690	3,440	0	0	0
Albanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	200	100	100	0	0	0
Cypriot	25	10	15	0	0	0
Greek	650	360	290	0	0	0
Italian	4,390	2,315	2,075	0	0	0
Kosovar	10	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	60	45	15	0	0	0
Maltese	95	65	25	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,045	510	530	0	0	0
Serbian	70	50	25	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	80	30	50	0	0	0
Spanish	570	255	320	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	140	60	70	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	290	120	175	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	105	55	55	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	180	65	115	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	790	465	320	10	0	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	50	25	20	10	0	10
Bermudan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	35	25	10	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	430	225	205	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	75	30	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	85	50	35	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	55	50	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	705	360	350	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Belizean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	50	35	15	0	0	0
Colombian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	110	60	45	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	35	15	15	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	210	100	110	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	105	55	50	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	20	10	10	0	0	0
African origins	900	470	435	30	25	0
Central and West African origins	230	130	100	10	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	100	40	60	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	75	55	20	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	110	45	65	25	20	10
Algerian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	105	45	65	30	20	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	120	65	55	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ethiopian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	465	235	230	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	90	55	35	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	380	180	200	0	0	0
Asian origins	3,815	1,895	1,920	30	10	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	870	450	420	25	10	15
Afghan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	80	35	45	0	0	0
Armenian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	100	60	40	0	0	0
Iraqi	155	95	65	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	325	155	170	0	0	0
Palestinian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	75	35	45	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	45	10	30	20	10	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	15	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,290	700	590	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,040	575	460	0	0	0
Goan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	135	75	60	0	0	0
Punjabi	55	20	35	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	50	20	30	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,670	765	905	10	0	10
Burmese	40	20	25	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	830	390	440	0	0	10
Filipino	470	190	285	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	60	40	20	0	0	0
Japanese	120	65	50	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	95	50	45	0	0	0
Laotian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	60	50	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	40	15	25	0	0	0
Australian	25	10	15	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	41,985	...	...	490	...	...
Owner	30,270	...	...	410	...	...
Renter	11,625	...	...	80	...	...
Band housing	85	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	41,985	...	...	490	...	...
Condominium	1,870	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	40,115	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	41,990	...	...	490	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	4,320	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,380	...	...	150	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,950	...	...	180	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,265	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	41,985	...	...	495	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,430	...	...	65	...	...
5 rooms	5,210	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	5,925	...	...	100	...	...
7 rooms	6,280	...	...	60	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,145	...	...	185	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	41,985	...	...	490	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,820	...	...	480	...	...
More than 1 person per room	165	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	41,985	...	...	490	...	...
Suitable	41,085	...	...	480	...	...
Not suitable	900	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	41,990	...	...	495	...	...
1960 or before	15,210	...	...	170	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,470	...	...	160	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,940	...	...	60	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,100	...	...	50	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,450	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,650	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,175	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	41,985	...	...	495	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	39,050	...	...	455	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,930	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	41,985	...	...	490	...	...
1 household maintainer	26,625	...	...	260	...	...
2 household maintainers	14,915	...	...	230	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	450	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	41,985	...	...	490	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,245	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,350	...	...	45	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,865	...	...	95	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,435	...	...	120	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,130	...	...	95	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,240	...	...	85	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,100	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	1,615	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	41,100	...	...	440	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,710	...	...	400	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,385	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,605	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,580	...	...	365	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.5	...	...	56.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.2	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	892	...	...	662	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,048	...	...	864	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	213,565	...	...	174,329	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	256,520	...	...	186,136	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,570	...	...	75	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	829	...	...	697	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	874	...	...	626	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	80,185	39,045	41,135	965	475	490
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,470	5,930	6,540	255	140	115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	23,440	10,645	12,795	290	125	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,270	22,470	21,805	420	210	210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,540	6,970	1,570	100	70	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,095	2,145	950	65	35	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,445	4,825	620	35	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	22,610	9,715	12,895	170	55	115
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,010	370	640	40	25	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,110	5,410	6,700	105	55	55
Bachelor's degree	8,645	3,620	5,020	75	30	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	870	375	500	10	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	205	90	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,010	1,015	990	20	15	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	295	195	100	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	49,695	24,335	25,360	675	330	340
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,040	2,105	1,935	95	70	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,625	6,410	7,220	240	100	135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,030	15,825	16,205	340	165	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,555	4,570	980	85	60	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,975	1,390	585	60	30	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,575	3,180	395	25	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,235	7,445	9,795	135	45	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	265	390	40	25	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	8,590	3,540	5,045	80	35	45
Bachelor's degree	6,210	2,460	3,750	55	15	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	580	235	345	0	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	150	85	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,400	610	790	25	15	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	160	90	75	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	80,180	39,045	41,135	965	475	490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	35,910	16,580	19,335	540	265	280
Education	2,555	635	1,915	30	10	25
13. Education	2,555	640	1,915	35	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	855	285	570	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	110	80	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	670	175	490	10	0	10
Humanities	1,715	650	1,070	0	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	75	10	65	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	435	90	345	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	175	335	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	140	65	0	0	0
54. History	335	195	135	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	85	0	85	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,045	1,065	2,975	50	10	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	90	180	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,325	110	1,215	20	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	490	175	315	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	10	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	615	100	520	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,265	580	685	0	10	0
Business, management and public administration	6,605	2,015	4,590	45	30	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	900	160	740	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,690	1,860	3,830	45	30	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,315	745	565	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	145	230	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	85	100	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	405	275	135	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	330	230	100	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,120	705	415	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	895	590	300	10	0	10
25. Library science	85	20	65	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	85	35	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,945	13,020	930	100	95	10
04. Architecture and related services	160	120	45	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,895	1,550	340	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,740	3,370	365	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,510	3,460	45	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,720	2,645	75	20	20	0
48. Precision production	1,920	1,870	50	20	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	740	485	260	40	45	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	535	350	180	40	45	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	130	75	0	0	0
Health and related fields	8,010	1,170	6,840	105	0	105
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	625	285	335	20	10	20
51. Health professions and related programs	7,305	820	6,485	85	0	85
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	65	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,365	1,685	1,680	15	10	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,740	355	1,385	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	985	730	260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	620	580	35	10	0	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	49,695	24,340	25,360	670	330	340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,665	8,515	9,155	330	165	160
Education	1,545	380	1,165	30	0	20
13. Education	1,540	375	1,160	25	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	625	220	405	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	70	55	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	505	145	355	0	0	10
Humanities	1,200	465	740	0	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	60	10	55	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	265	50	220	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	390	140	250	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	25	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	105	40	0	0	0
54. History	225	130	95	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	55	0	50	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,055	715	2,345	40	10	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	85	155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,060	70	990	25	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	390	115	270	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	10	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	440	65	380	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	850	370	480	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	4,955	1,400	3,555	45	30	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	735	110	630	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,210	1,295	2,915	40	30	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	900	460	435	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	265	90	170	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	70	75	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	245	140	105	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	240	155	85	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	915	585	325	0	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	730	490	240	10	0	0
25. Library science	70	20	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	70	30	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,925	9,110	815	75	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	145	105	40	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,295	995	300	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,685	2,355	325	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,490	2,455	35	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,945	1,875	70	20	15	0
48. Precision production	1,365	1,325	45	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	375	215	30	35	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	415	270	145	35	30	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	105	65	0	0	0
Health and related fields	5,825	855	4,975	90	10	90
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	505	210	290	15	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	5,265	595	4,670	75	0	80
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	45	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,505	1,265	1,240	10	10	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,275	290	985	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	815	585	225	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	380	25	0	10	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	80,180	39,040	41,140	965	475	490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,910	16,580	19,335	540	265	275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	44,270	22,465	21,810	425	205	215
Location of study inside Canada	40,045	20,305	19,740	380	180	200
Same as province or territory of residence	37,930	19,195	18,735	365	180	190
Different than province or territory of residence	2,120	1,110	1,010	10	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,230	2,160	2,065	40	30	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,600	670	930	0	0	0
Philippines	140	40	100	0	0	0
India	370	195	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	760	510	250	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	20	30	0	0	0
France	20	15	10	10	0	0
Other	1,290	705	580	35	20	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	49,695	24,335	25,360	670	330	340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,665	8,510	9,155	330	170	160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,030	15,825	16,205	340	160	180
Location of study inside Canada	29,670	14,810	14,860	300	135	165
Same as province or territory of residence	28,260	14,080	14,175	290	135	155
Different than province or territory of residence	1,420	730	685	15	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,355	1,010	1,345	40	30	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,090	410	685	0	0	0
Philippines	70	20	45	0	0	0
India	215	90	120	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	195	105	90	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	40	15	25	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other	730	360	370	30	20	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	80,180	39,045	41,135	965	475	490
In the labour force	46,840	24,620	22,220	650	365	280
Employed	42,705	22,315	20,395	635	365	275
Unemployed	4,140	2,305	1,830	15	0	10
Not in the labour force	33,340	14,420	18,915	310	105	205
Participation rate	58.4	63.1	54.0	67.4	76.8	57.1
Employment rate	53.3	57.2	49.6	65.8	76.8	56.1
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.4	8.2	2.3	0.0	3.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	80,180	39,045	41,140	965	475	490
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	31,280	13,405	17,875	255	85	165
Worked	48,900	25,640	23,260	710	385	325
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	24,100	13,870	10,235	360	230	125
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	24,800	11,770	13,030	350	155	200
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.5	42.3	43.7	44.2	43.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	46,845	24,620	22,220	650	370	285
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,240	595	640	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	45,605	24,025	21,580	650	370	285
Employee	41,470	21,590	19,880	480	230	250
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,140	2,435	1,700	175	140	35
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	46,840	24,620	22,220	655	370	285
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,235	595	640	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	45,605	24,025	21,580	650	370	280
0 Management occupations	4,070	2,485	1,585	145	105	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,595	1,405	4,190	65	25	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,365	2,695	675	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	3,595	520	3,075	60	10	55
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,510	1,360	3,150	90	30	60
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	800	290	505	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	11,970	4,685	7,285	90	35	50
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,185	7,675	515	125	115	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	935	725	210	55	40	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,590	2,200	390	15	15	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	46,840	24,620	22,225	655	365	285
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,235	595	640	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	45,605	24,025	21,580	650	370	280
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,030	690	340	180	135	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	585	480	110	0	0	0
22 Utilities	495	380	115	0	0	0
23 Construction	4,050	3,655	395	40	40	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,235	4,100	1,135	20	20	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,700	1,335	360	25	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	5,545	2,370	3,170	60	15	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,825	1,345	475	50	40	10
51 Information and cultural industries	430	170	265	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,015	340	675	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	630	360	275	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,450	1,420	1,025	20	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	20	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,565	1,495	1,065	25	25	0
61 Educational services	2,900	845	2,060	45	10	35
62 Health care and social assistance	5,970	825	5,145	115	15	100
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,115	520	595	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,865	1,395	2,470	20	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,375	1,270	1,110	20	10	10
91 Public administration	1,780	1,010	770	15	20	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	42,705	22,315	20,390	640	365	275
Worked at home	2,305	1,125	1,180	145	110	35
Worked outside Canada	330	170	160	10	0	10
No fixed workplace address	4,345	3,250	1,095	85	70	15
Worked at usual place	35,725	17,765	17,960	405	190	220
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	35,725	17,770	17,960	405	185	215
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,515	10,675	11,835	160	70	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,945	5,820	5,125	130	50	80
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,135	1,185	945	115	65	50
Commute to a different province or territory	135	85	45	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	40,070	21,020	19,050	490	255	230
Car, truck, van - as a driver	34,055	18,015	16,040	410	215	200
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,505	1,185	1,320	25	10	10
Public transit	1,075	460	620	10	0	0
Walked	1,585	795	795	45	20	20
Bicycle	480	375	105	0	0	0
Other method	360	190	175	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	40,070	21,020	19,050	490	255	230
Less than 15 minutes	19,505	9,205	10,300	250	130	125
15 to 29 minutes	15,175	8,595	6,575	75	40	35
30 to 44 minutes	3,575	2,085	1,500	70	35	35
45 to 59 minutes	735	415	320	40	15	20
60 minutes and over	1,075	720	355	60	45	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	40,070	21,015	19,055	490	260	230
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,555	1,815	740	50	35	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,815	5,345	2,465	105	85	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,990	6,195	4,800	100	30	65
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,680	2,640	5,035	130	55	75
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,010	1,340	2,670	20	10	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,015	3,675	3,340	80	40	40
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	50,340	26,335	24,000	740	400	340
Single responses	50,195	26,270	23,925	680	365	315
Official languages	50,150	26,255	23,895	675	365	315
English	49,885	26,180	23,705	575	330	250
French	265	75	190	100	40	65
Non-official languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	140	60	80	60	30	25
English and French	100	40	60	45	25	25
English and non-official language	40	15	25	10	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	50,340	26,335	24,005	740	400	340
None	49,340	25,965	23,380	585	315	265
English	155	25	130	70	30	35
French	560	255	305	80	55	25
Non-official language	255	85	170	10	0	10
Aboriginal	35	0	30	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	220	80	140	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	10	25	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	93,955	45,940	48,015	1,150	575	575
Non-movers	82,860	40,665	42,195	1,005	495	510
Movers	11,095	5,275	5,815	150	80	70
Non-migrants	7,055	3,315	3,745	45	25	25
Migrants	4,040	1,965	2,075	100	60	45
Internal migrants	3,635	1,755	1,880	80	40	35
Intraprovincial migrants	3,210	1,555	1,650	80	40	35
Interprovincial migrants	425	200	225	0	0	0
External migrants	405	210	195	20	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	90,325	44,115	46,215	1,080	535	555
Non-movers	59,280	29,115	30,165	770	380	390
Movers	31,045	15,000	16,045	320	155	160
Non-migrants	18,910	9,055	9,860	100	55	45
Migrants	12,140	5,950	6,195	215	100	120
Internal migrants	10,860	5,270	5,595	190	80	110
Intraprovincial migrants	9,600	4,625	4,970	190	80	110
Interprovincial migrants	1,260	645	620	0	0	0
External migrants	1,275	680	600	25	20	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Sarnia [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Montcalm, RM [Census subdivision], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sarnia [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Sarnia [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sarnia [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba