Census Profile, 2016 Census
Owen Sound [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Owen Sound Ontario [Census agglomeration]			Boisbriand, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Owen Sound [Census agglomeration], Ontario Map : Owen Sound [Census agglomeration], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	31,820	...	...	26,884	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	32,092	...	...	26,816	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.8	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,167	...	...	10,537	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	13,888	...	...	10,288	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	50.6	...	...	966.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	628.64	...	...	27.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	31,820	15,245	16,580	26,885	13,395	13,490
0 to 14 years	4,540	2,315	2,220	5,185	2,630	2,555
0 to 4 years	1,475	770	710	1,735	855	875
5 to 9 years	1,525	770	750	1,770	900	870
10 to 14 years	1,530	770	760	1,680	875	800
15 to 64 years	19,595	9,530	10,065	18,705	9,375	9,330
15 to 19 years	1,695	875	825	1,985	1,065	925
20 to 24 years	1,780	895	885	2,265	1,170	1,095
25 to 29 years	1,665	850	815	1,635	870	765
30 to 34 years	1,625	790	835	1,495	760	735
35 to 39 years	1,565	765	800	1,585	785	795
40 to 44 years	1,645	790	860	1,610	770	835
45 to 49 years	1,835	880	950	1,925	925	995
50 to 54 years	2,490	1,185	1,300	2,505	1,200	1,300
55 to 59 years	2,725	1,280	1,445	2,210	1,105	1,105
60 to 64 years	2,575	1,225	1,350	1,495	725	765
65 years and over	7,685	3,400	4,295	2,990	1,385	1,605
65 to 69 years	2,345	1,120	1,225	1,130	535	590
70 to 74 years	1,725	810	915	855	390	465
75 to 79 years	1,265	580	690	545	260	290
80 to 84 years	1,080	450	635	285	130	150
85 years and over	1,275	440	835	185	75	110
85 to 89 years	785	300	485	130	60	70
90 to 94 years	370	115	255	45	10	30
95 to 99 years	105	20	80	10	0	10
100 years and over	15	0	10	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.2	13.4	19.3	19.6	18.9
15 to 64 years	61.6	62.5	60.7	69.6	70.0	69.2
65 years and over	24.2	22.3	25.9	11.1	10.3	11.9
85 years and over	4.0	2.9	5.0	0.7	0.6	0.8
Average age of the population	45.6	44.2	46.9	37.5	36.8	38.2
Median age of the population	48.9	47.0	50.5	37.7	36.2	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	13,890	...	...	10,290	...	...
Single-detached house	8,935	...	...	5,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	770	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	3,975	...	...	5,050	...	...
Semi-detached house	440	...	...	615	...	...
Row house	690	...	...	725	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	280	...	...	130	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,535	...	...	3,575	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	205	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	13,890	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 person	4,405	...	...	2,485	...	...
2 persons	5,410	...	...	3,445	...	...
3 persons	1,835	...	...	1,805	...	...
4 persons	1,455	...	...	1,645	...	...
5 or more persons	785	...	...	900	...	...
Number of persons in private households	30,770	...	...	26,830	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	27,285	12,925	14,360	21,700	10,760	10,940
Married or living common law	15,890	7,910	7,980	12,380	6,170	6,210
Married	13,040	6,490	6,545	7,230	3,615	3,615
Living common law	2,850	1,420	1,435	5,155	2,560	2,595
Not married and not living common law	11,395	5,020	6,375	9,320	4,590	4,730
Never married	6,360	3,470	2,895	6,860	3,740	3,120
Separated	860	365	490	315	150	165
Divorced	1,920	720	1,200	1,425	520	905
Widowed	2,255	460	1,795	720	180	540
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,255	...	...	7,605	...	...
2 persons	5,520	...	...	3,450	...	...
3 persons	1,750	...	...	1,780	...	...
4 persons	1,360	...	...	1,605	...	...
5 or more persons	620	...	...	770	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,255	...	...	7,600	...	...
Total couple families	7,770	...	...	6,150	...	...
Married couples	6,340	...	...	3,575	...	...
Common-law couples	1,430	...	...	2,575	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,485	...	...	1,450	...	...
Female parent	1,185	...	...	1,055	...	...
Male parent	300	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	7,770	...	...	6,150	...	...
Couples without children	4,570	...	...	2,565	...	...
Couples with children	3,200	...	...	3,585	...	...
1 child	1,350	...	...	1,315	...	...
2 children	1,255	...	...	1,520	...	...
3 or more children	595	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,485	...	...	1,455	...	...
1 child	945	...	...	885	...	...
2 children	400	...	...	460	...	...
3 or more children	140	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,730	2,540	3,190	3,505	1,760	1,750
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	13,890	...	...	10,290	...	...
One-census-family households	8,945	...	...	7,415	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	4,435	...	...	2,495	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,505	...	...	4,915	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	155	...	...	90	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,790	...	...	2,780	...	...
One-person households	4,400	...	...	2,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	390	...	...	295	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	31,285	15,045	16,240	26,855	13,380	13,475
English only	29,305	14,200	15,105	1,815	990	830
French only	5	0	0	10,860	4,890	5,965
English and French	1,920	815	1,110	13,585	7,180	6,405
Neither English nor French	50	25	25	600	320	280
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	31,285	15,045	16,240	26,855	13,380	13,475
English	30,980	14,895	16,085	2,880	1,550	1,330
French	240	115	120	22,765	11,245	11,525
English and French	20	10	10	620	275	345
Neither English nor French	45	25	25	595	315	280
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	245	120	125	3,190	1,685	1,500
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.8	0.8	0.8	11.9	12.6	11.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	31,285	15,045	16,235	26,860	13,380	13,480
Single responses	31,120	14,975	16,150	26,265	13,105	13,165
Official languages	29,915	14,420	15,500	22,320	11,100	11,220
English	29,665	14,295	15,370	1,035	560	480
French	255	125	130	21,285	10,545	10,740
Non-official languages	1,205	555	645	3,945	2,000	1,945
Aboriginal languages	5	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,195	555	640	3,945	2,000	1,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	365	190	175
Berber languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	335	175	160
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	25	280	145	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	5	0	55	25	30
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	100	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	90	45	45
Vietnamese	15	10	5	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	10	30	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	5	30	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	70	30	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	5	10	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	855	410	445	3,095	1,595	1,500
Albanian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0	50	30	20
Balto-Slavic languages	140	60	75	90	45	50
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	130	55	70	90	40	45
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	20	25	15	10
Russian	10	0	10	30	5	20
Serbian	10	5	5	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	485	235	255	2,005	1,035	970
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	200	90	105	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	260	120	135	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	5	1,975	1,025	950
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Greek	20	10	5	95	60	40
Indo-Iranian languages	95	45	45	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	90	40	45	5	5	5
Bengali	5	5	5	0	0	5
Gujarati	20	10	5	0	0	0
Hindi	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	5	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	50	30	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	0	30	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	55	800	400	400
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	20	10	180	105	75
Portuguese	20	10	10	145	70	80
Romanian	15	10	10	75	35	40
Spanish	30	10	20	395	185	205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	20	40	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	30	15	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	30	25	15	15
Chinese languages	60	35	30	25	15	20
Cantonese	30	15	15	0	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	15	20	5	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	210	95	115
Lao	0	0	5	200	95	110
Thai	0	0	5	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	25	5	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	5	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	25	35	10	10	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	15	15	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	160	75	95	590	280	315
English and French	55	20	35	260	120	140
English and non-official language	95	45	55	125	55	70
French and non-official language	0	0	0	180	85	90
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	30	15	20
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	31,280	15,040	16,240	26,855	13,380	13,480
Single responses	31,065	14,955	16,115	25,985	12,965	13,020
Official languages	30,730	14,800	15,935	23,175	11,530	11,650
English	30,655	14,760	15,895	1,225	645	575
French	80	40	45	21,950	10,880	11,070
Non-official languages	335	150	185	2,810	1,430	1,375
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	335	150	185	2,810	1,435	1,375
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	165	85	80
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	25	15	155	80	75
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15	100	55	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	5	60	25	30
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	45	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Vietnamese	10	5	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	65	75	2,400	1,240	1,165
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	50	25	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	15	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Serbian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	25	1,935	1,010	930
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,940	1,005	925
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	25	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	5	5	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	320	150	170
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	10	15
Romanian	5	0	0	60	30	30
Spanish	5	0	5	215	100	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	15	35	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	20	5	10
Chinese languages	45	25	25	20	10	10
Cantonese	25	15	15	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
Lao	0	0	0	135	65	70
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	215	90	120	870	420	455
English and French	15	5	10	290	140	150
English and non-official language	190	80	105	160	75	80
French and non-official language	5	0	0	365	170	190
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	65	35	30
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	31,280	15,045	16,235	26,855	13,385	13,480
None	30,380	14,655	15,725	23,055	11,435	11,615
English	185	90	100	2,110	1,100	1,005
French	315	120	190	715	350	365
Non-official language	380	175	205	770	375	395
Aboriginal	15	5	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	360	170	195	770	375	390
English and French	0	0	0	55	30	25
English and non-official language	5	5	5	125	65	60
French and non-official language	15	5	15	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,255	12,560	13,695	21,640	10,745	10,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,475	12,180	13,295	20,625	10,210	10,410
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,943	36,498	26,624	36,584	41,788	31,896
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,485	12,180	13,305	20,635	10,215	10,420
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,473	33,056	24,977	32,100	35,999	28,542
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	22,555	10,910	11,645	18,995	9,630	9,365
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,082	34,630	22,282	32,603	39,185	26,464
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,380	8,710	10,670	14,925	6,740	8,180
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,480	8,404	8,587	4,950	3,552	6,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	17,550	8,905	8,645	16,580	8,600	7,980
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,633	32,953	24,878	32,999	38,458	27,951
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	26,250	12,560	13,695	21,645	10,745	10,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,495	12,175	13,315	20,605	10,145	10,460
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,821	46,775	35,377	44,434	50,807	38,251
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,510	12,180	13,330	20,620	10,145	10,475
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,920	39,455	30,777	36,347	40,603	32,224
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	22,480	10,880	11,600	19,105	9,650	9,455
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,426	45,261	32,014	41,716	48,857	34,429
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,390	8,735	10,655	14,990	6,795	8,200
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,119	8,819	9,366	7,909	6,489	9,087
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	17,550	8,855	8,695	16,580	8,580	7,995
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,534	42,380	32,597	41,047	46,216	35,501
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	26,250	12,555	13,690	21,645	10,740	10,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	8,070	4,315	3,755	7,365	4,090	3,270
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,054	51,618	43,198	50,626	57,245	43,454
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,712	60,961	49,680	58,194	64,602	50,180
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.1	86.6	78.7	87.0	91.6	81.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.2	66.1	59.5	74.6	77.5	70.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.9	13.4	21.3	12.9	8.5	18.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	26,255	12,555	13,695	21,645	10,745	10,900
Without total income	780	375	400	1,020	530	490
With total income	25,475	12,180	13,295	20,625	10,215	10,415
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.0	97.1	95.3	95.1	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,045	1,330	1,715	2,460	1,105	1,355
$10,000 to $19,999	5,210	2,050	3,155	3,400	1,340	2,060
$20,000 to $29,999	4,125	1,690	2,430	2,715	1,200	1,515
$30,000 to $39,999	3,395	1,565	1,830	2,660	1,240	1,425
$40,000 to $49,999	2,760	1,390	1,365	2,370	1,150	1,225
$50,000 to $59,999	1,965	1,120	850	1,845	910	935
$60,000 to $69,999	1,390	800	585	1,360	765	595
$70,000 to $79,999	945	550	390	1,115	620	495
$80,000 to $89,999	665	385	280	850	525	325
$90,000 to $99,999	580	320	255	505	355	155
$100,000 and over	1,400	980	425	1,345	1,005	340
$100,000 to $149,999	960	645	315	970	715	255
$150,000 and over	445	330	110	375	290	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,250	12,560	13,690	21,645	10,745	10,900
Without after-tax income	765	375	390	1,010	530	480
With after-tax income	25,485	12,180	13,305	20,635	10,215	10,425
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.0	97.2	95.3	95.1	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,175	1,355	1,820	2,575	1,125	1,455
$10,000 to $19,999	5,400	2,110	3,285	3,550	1,420	2,130
$20,000 to $29,999	4,830	2,055	2,775	3,440	1,570	1,865
$30,000 to $39,999	3,905	1,885	2,025	3,420	1,650	1,765
$40,000 to $49,999	2,905	1,575	1,335	2,670	1,370	1,300
$50,000 to $59,999	1,825	1,050	765	1,855	1,010	840
$60,000 to $69,999	1,130	670	465	1,320	780	540
$70,000 to $79,999	830	450	375	705	460	245
$80,000 and over	1,485	1,035	450	1,100	825	275
$80,000 to $89,999	525	325	200	370	265	105
$90,000 to $99,999	285	210	80	245	190	55
$100,000 and over	670	500	170	490	375	115
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	26,250	12,560	13,690	21,640	10,745	10,900
Without employment income	8,700	3,655	5,045	5,065	2,145	2,925
With employment income	17,550	8,905	8,645	16,580	8,600	7,980
Percentage with employment income	66.9	70.9	63.1	76.6	80.0	73.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,045	1,560	1,485	1,915	1,050	860
$5,000 to $9,999	1,535	655	875	1,375	585	785
$10,000 to $19,999	2,435	1,045	1,390	2,545	1,120	1,420
$20,000 to $29,999	2,045	885	1,160	1,910	820	1,090
$30,000 to $39,999	2,020	955	1,070	1,835	850	985
$40,000 to $49,999	1,770	915	860	1,575	770	810
$50,000 to $59,999	1,265	740	520	1,305	690	610
$60,000 to $69,999	895	540	360	1,035	625	410
$70,000 to $79,999	610	370	245	970	540	430
$80,000 and over	1,920	1,250	675	2,120	1,550	565
$80,000 to $89,999	450	240	205	640	430	210
$90,000 to $99,999	490	260	235	435	315	115
$100,000 and over	985	750	235	1,045	810	240
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	13,890	...	...	10,290	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	58,272	...	...	74,762	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,599	...	...	63,817	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,400	...	...	2,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,530	...	...	39,189	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,611	...	...	33,376	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	9,490	...	...	7,805	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,532	...	...	89,662	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,282	...	...	75,989	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	13,885	...	...	10,290	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,928	...	...	88,989	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,148	...	...	72,851	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,400	...	...	2,485	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,892	...	...	43,648	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,671	...	...	35,915	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	9,490	...	...	7,800	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,083	...	...	103,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,729	...	...	84,629	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	13,890	...	...	10,285	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	65	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	530	...	...	145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	765	...	...	290	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	790	...	...	355	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	680	...	...	330	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	810	...	...	375	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	715	...	...	465	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	685	...	...	465	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	610	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,250	...	...	955	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,115	...	...	805	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	915	...	...	755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	815	...	...	670	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	690	...	...	590	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,215	...	...	3,495	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	...	...	1,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	770	...	...	800	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	765	...	...	895	...	...
$200,000 and over	515	...	...	545	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	13,890	...	...	10,290	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	545	...	...	150	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	785	...	...	295	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	895	...	...	430	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	775	...	...	430	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	865	...	...	505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	795	...	...	570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	800	...	...	595	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	805	...	...	575	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,400	...	...	1,060	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,160	...	...	980	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,000	...	...	855	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	830	...	...	730	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	610	...	...	620	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,315	...	...	2,345	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,085	...	...	1,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	555	...	...	605	...	...
$150,000 and over	680	...	...	595	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,190	...	...	7,605	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,558	...	...	89,799	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,317	...	...	76,067	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,365	...	...	2,450	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,118	...	...	76,197	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,857	...	...	64,185	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,235	...	...	3,600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,144	...	...	116,775	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,271	...	...	97,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,405	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,952	...	...	60,896	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,744	...	...	53,152	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,200	...	...	7,600	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,343	...	...	103,588	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,838	...	...	84,682	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,380	...	...	2,440	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,556	...	...	88,582	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,634	...	...	71,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,230	...	...	3,640	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,241	...	...	126,567	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,937	...	...	103,287	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,415	...	...	1,405	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,145	...	...	72,193	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,394	...	...	60,084	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,300	2,355	2,945	3,060	1,560	1,500
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,302	28,496	26,551	36,791	40,256	32,491
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,413	26,184	25,076	31,776	34,409	28,966
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,285	2,400	2,880	3,055	1,455	1,595
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,171	38,029	34,620	42,027	44,704	39,590
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,348	32,585	30,316	34,706	36,134	33,406
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	30,770	14,870	15,905	26,830	13,380	13,455
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,355	8,150	9,205	13,755	6,665	7,095
In the bottom decile	3,205	1,490	1,710	1,335	645	690
In the second decile	3,835	1,670	2,165	2,385	1,080	1,300
In the third decile	3,755	1,755	2,000	3,750	1,805	1,950
In the fourth decile	3,375	1,650	1,730	3,235	1,620	1,620
In the fifth decile	3,185	1,580	1,600	3,050	1,510	1,540
In the top half of the distribution	13,415	6,725	6,695	13,075	6,715	6,360
In the sixth decile	3,060	1,525	1,535	2,920	1,495	1,425
In the seventh decile	2,875	1,405	1,475	2,960	1,485	1,470
In the eighth decile	2,730	1,370	1,360	2,965	1,550	1,415
In the ninth decile	2,610	1,305	1,300	2,445	1,250	1,195
In the top decile	2,135	1,115	1,025	1,790	935	855
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	30,770	14,870	15,900	26,830	13,380	13,455
0 to 17 years	5,490	2,810	2,675	6,315	3,255	3,055
0 to 5 years	1,785	935	850	2,105	1,060	1,040
18 to 64 years	18,445	8,905	9,530	17,570	8,750	8,825
65 years and over	6,840	3,150	3,690	2,950	1,375	1,570
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,080	2,245	2,835	2,385	1,095	1,290
0 to 17 years	1,100	535	565	615	325	290
0 to 5 years	410	200	210	250	125	125
18 to 64 years	3,050	1,370	1,680	1,400	650	750
65 years and over	935	340	590	365	115	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	15.1	17.8	8.9	8.2	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	20.0	19.0	21.1	9.7	10.0	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	23.0	21.4	24.7	11.9	11.8	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.5	15.4	17.6	8.0	7.4	8.5
65 years and over (%)	13.7	10.8	16.0	12.4	8.4	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,755	850	905	1,670	785	880
0 to 17 years	295	145	150	375	200	180
0 to 5 years	105	55	50	140	75	65
18 to 64 years	1,375	670	705	1,075	525	550
65 years and over	85	35	45	220	65	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.7	5.7	6.2	5.9	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.9	6.1	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	5.9	5.9	6.7	7.1	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.5	7.4	6.1	6.0	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.2	7.5	4.7	9.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	30,770	14,870	15,900	26,830	13,375	13,455
Official languages	30,745	14,850	15,895	26,280	13,110	13,170
English	30,735	14,845	15,885	15,420	8,125	7,295
French	1,985	820	1,165	24,420	12,050	12,370
Non-official languages	1,840	865	975	5,610	2,755	2,855
Aboriginal languages	30	10	25	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,800	855	950	5,610	2,760	2,855
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	65	40	670	340	330
Berber languages	0	0	0	30	0	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	65	40	650	335	315
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	90	55	40	495	230	265
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	15	10	150	105	45
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	160	85	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	140	70	65
Vietnamese	25	20	10	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	20	30	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	30	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	0	190	55	135
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	195	55	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,225	590	635	4,325	2,195	2,135
Albanian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	80	30	50
Balto-Slavic languages	135	65	70	65	25	35
Baltic languages	20	10	0	0	10	0
Latvian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	120	55	65	55	20	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	10
Czech	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	40	15	20	0	0	10
Russian	25	15	10	40	15	25
Serbian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	645	315	330	2,320	1,240	1,080
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	25	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	260	120	140	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	365	175	190	70	50	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	10	0	2,240	1,185	1,050
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	25	195	115	80
Indo-Iranian languages	110	55	55	75	50	25
Indo-Aryan languages	90	45	50	30	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	45	25	15	0	0	10
Hindi	60	25	35	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	15	10	10
Sindhi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	55	45	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	45	30	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	140	150	1,655	755	900
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	20	15	360	195	155
Portuguese	30	15	10	165	75	85
Romanian	10	10	10	95	45	55
Spanish	215	95	120	1,115	490	630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	0	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	40	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	20	10	75	40	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Shona	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	15	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	45	25	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	60	75	55	20	35
Chinese languages	130	60	75	55	20	35
Cantonese	70	35	35	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	30	45	50	20	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	260	130	135
Lao	0	0	0	245	125	120
Thai	10	0	10	40	15	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	15	40	15	10	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	10	20	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0	0	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	30,770	14,870	15,900	26,830	13,375	13,455
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	30,340	14,690	15,645	26,325	13,100	13,220
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,445	2,760	2,685	6,280	3,285	2,995
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,895	11,930	12,960	20,045	9,820	10,230
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	435	180	255	505	275	230
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	30,775	14,870	15,900	26,830	13,375	13,455
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	28,545	13,780	14,765	24,495	12,220	12,275
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,175	1,065	1,110	2,245	1,100	1,140
Before 1981	1,350	675	670	615	295	315
1981 to 1990	230	120	110	410	200	210
1991 to 2000	175	85	95	480	240	235
2001 to 2010	325	150	175	555	275	275
2001 to 2005	170	80	90	240	130	115
2006 to 2010	155	70	85	315	150	165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	95	30	60	195	90	100
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	50	25	25	90	50	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,175	1,065	1,115	2,245	1,100	1,140
Under 5 years	320	170	155	270	110	160
5 to 14 years	425	235	190	465	200	275
15 to 24 years	540	245	290	650	375	280
25 to 44 years	790	375	415	785	405	380
45 years and over	100	40	60	70	15	55
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,180	1,065	1,115	2,245	1,105	1,140
Americas	265	125	140	745	405	340
Brazil	10	0	10	10	0	0
Colombia	0	10	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	45	10	30
Guyana	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	130	45	90
Jamaica	35	25	10	10	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	45	25	20
Peru	0	0	0	50	30	20
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	180	80	100	315	220	100
Other places of birth in Americas	35	0	25	140	75	70
Europe	1,375	700	675	580	300	275
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	10	0	0
France	10	0	10	160	80	75
Germany	180	95	90	20	15	10
Greece	20	10	15	40	15	20
Hungary	15	10	10	15	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italy	30	20	10	60	35	20
Netherlands	180	100	75	0	0	0
Poland	25	10	15	10	0	0
Portugal	15	15	0	65	30	35
Romania	20	10	10	80	45	35
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	670	325	345	55	35	15
Other places of birth in Europe	170	90	80	75	30	40
Africa	115	55	60	310	125	185
Algeria	0	0	0	75	40	40
Egypt	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	10	125	45	75
Nigeria	0	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	35	40	95	35	60
Asia	400	175	225	615	275	335
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	60	35	25	60	0	50
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	10	10	0	0	0
India	110	45	60	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	10	15	10	0
Iraq	20	10	15	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	70	30	35	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	110	60	55
Pakistan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Philippines	45	10	30	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	40	15	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	10	10
Viet Nam	40	20	15	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	20	330	160	175
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	10	20	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	95	30	60	190	95	100
Americas	10	10	0	90	50	40
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	45	10	35
Jamaica	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	10	40	35	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	25	15	15	25	15	10
France	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	10	25	0	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	45	10	35	55	25	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	10	20	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	15	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	30,775	14,870	15,905	26,830	13,380	13,450
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,280	1,115	1,165	2,415	1,195	1,225
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,785	1,835	1,950	4,000	2,000	1,995
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	24,710	11,925	12,785	20,415	10,185	10,235
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	855	400	455	1,710	845	865
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	425	200	230	670	335	335
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	160	95	65	305	215	85
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	265	100	165	365	115	250
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	325	160	165	610	315	295
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	85	30	55	415	195	215
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	10	10	15	10	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	30,770	14,870	15,905	26,830	13,380	13,455
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,130	535	590	295	130	160
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,085	510	570	270	125	150
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	610	290	325	90	45	45
Métis	460	225	240	175	75	100
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	20	15	10	25	0	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	29,645	14,335	15,315	26,535	13,245	13,290
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	30,775	14,870	15,905	26,830	13,375	13,455
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	405	195	205	65	35	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,370	14,675	15,695	26,765	13,345	13,420
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	30,775	14,870	15,900	26,830	13,380	13,450
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	190	95	95	165	100	65
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	185	90	95	155	90	65
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	150	75	75	115	70	45
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15	40	20	20
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,425	680	745	780	350	430
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,395	670	730	775	345	420
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	845	405	440	625	290	335
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	515	250	265	150	60	90
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	15	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	30	15	15	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	29,160	14,100	15,065	25,885	12,935	12,955
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	30,775	14,870	15,905	26,830	13,375	13,455
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	965	445	525	2,035	935	1,095
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	165	90	70	70	30	40
Chinese	135	65	75	80	15	65
Black	220	75	145	505	195	310
Filipino	65	15	55	10	10	10
Latin American	25	10	10	390	195	195
Arab	95	55	40	420	210	210
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	55	50	10	460	240	220
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	10	10	35	30	10
Korean	85	40	40	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	20	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	40	20	20	15	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	35	0	25	50	20	35
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	29,805	14,425	15,380	24,795	12,440	12,355
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	30,770	14,870	15,900	26,830	13,375	13,455
North American Aboriginal origins	1,610	775	840	945	445	500
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,015	495	525	755	365	390
Inuit	50	25	30	10	0	0
Métis	570	265	305	205	90	115
Other North American origins	11,265	5,325	5,935	16,825	8,340	8,485
Acadian	20	15	0	130	75	55
American	320	165	155	275	140	135
Canadian	11,025	5,185	5,840	15,980	7,885	8,100
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	35	30	10	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Québécois	10	0	0	720	400	320
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	23,920	11,575	12,345	11,520	5,835	5,680
British Isles origins	19,995	9,630	10,365	2,130	1,075	1,060
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cornish	10	10	10	0	0	0
English	12,355	5,965	6,390	680	345	335
Irish	8,660	3,960	4,695	1,230	610	625
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	10,185	4,880	5,305	455	230	225
Welsh	650	290	360	10	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	715	275	440	60	25	30
French origins	2,650	1,115	1,530	6,240	3,120	3,115
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	40	20	20
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	2,655	1,120	1,530	6,210	3,110	3,100
Western European origins (except French origins)	7,370	3,570	3,800	885	460	425
Austrian	140	55	80	155	65	90
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	95	40	60	135	75	60
Dutch	2,040	985	1,055	45	20	30
Flemish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	20	15	0	0	0	0
German	5,480	2,645	2,835	525	275	250
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swiss	150	75	75	50	30	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	605	310	295	25	10	15
Danish	150	80	70	0	0	10
Finnish	130	55	70	0	0	0
Icelandic	25	20	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	165	90	75	10	0	0
Swedish	190	95	95	15	10	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	1,905	940	965	1,525	755	770
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	90	50	35	25	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	20	10	15	35	15	25
Estonian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	285	135	150	940	460	480
Latvian	60	55	10	10	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	20	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	735	385	355	415	205	210
Romanian	85	55	35	330	175	150
Russian	295	155	140	100	45	50
Slovak	40	10	30	15	0	0
Ukrainian	535	250	285	135	60	80
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,145	590	555	2,090	1,095	1,000
Albanian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	55	30	30	10	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	90	45	45	295	180	115
Italian	645	340	300	1,270	640	635
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	105	50	60	295	140	155
Serbian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Sicilian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	160	75	85	245	135	115
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	10	10	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	160	85	80	925	495	425
Basque	0	0	0	30	20	15
Jewish	100	45	55	825	450	380
Roma (Gypsy)	25	20	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	40	15	30	65	35	35
Caribbean origins	200	80	120	405	150	255
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dominican	10	0	0	15	10	10
Grenadian	10	0	0	0	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	315	110	200
Jamaican	120	60	60	30	15	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	10	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	15	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	0	20	30	10	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	10	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	125	75	50	525	260	270
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	45	25	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	10	0	10	0	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	85	55	35
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Guatemalan	0	0	0	35	20	20
Guyanese	15	10	0	10	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	40	20	15	90	40	50
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	10	0	95	50	45
Salvadorean	0	10	0	110	45	65
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	40	15	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	20	0	15	10	10	0
African origins	300	110	190	710	320	385
Central and West African origins	15	10	10	115	50	60
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	70	35	35	495	225	270
Algerian	0	0	0	120	60	55
Berber	10	0	10	40	25	20
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	10	70	35	30
Libyan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	0	10	220	85	140
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	50	20	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	25	15	15	35	10	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other African origins	185	40	140	75	35	35
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	145	35	115	75	40	35
Asian origins	775	385	390	1,360	680	680
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	150	95	55	720	360	360
Afghan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	70	40	30	65	25	35
Armenian	20	10	10	85	40	45
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	20	10	10	45	35	10
Iraqi	25	15	15	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	125	70	55
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	25	10	15
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	10	0	240	110	130
Palestinian	10	10	0	0	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	15	10	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	10	0	115	50	70
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	40	25	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	205	100	105	25	15	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	195	105	95	20	15	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	15	0	10	15	10	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	415	190	230	595	290	305
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	170	90	80
Chinese	180	75	100	160	60	100
Filipino	60	20	45	20	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	20	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	40	45	0	0	0
Laotian	35	20	15	295	160	135
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	65	25	40
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	30	10	70	30	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	0	10	35	25	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	10	15	35	25	15
Oceania origins	55	40	20	0	0	0
Australian	25	20	10	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	35	20	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	35	20	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	13,885	...	...	10,290	...	...
Owner	9,420	...	...	7,015	...	...
Renter	4,465	...	...	3,270	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	13,890	...	...	10,285	...	...
Condominium	510	...	...	1,265	...	...
Not condominium	13,375	...	...	9,020	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	13,890	...	...	10,290	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	1,950	...	...	665	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,150	...	...	3,105	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,320	...	...	4,035	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,435	...	...	2,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	13,890	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,210	...	...	2,565	...	...
5 rooms	1,860	...	...	1,725	...	...
6 rooms	2,170	...	...	1,320	...	...
7 rooms	2,035	...	...	1,475	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,615	...	...	3,200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	13,885	...	...	10,290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,850	...	...	10,085	...	...
More than 1 person per room	45	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	13,890	...	...	10,290	...	...
Suitable	13,580	...	...	9,885	...	...
Not suitable	310	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	13,885	...	...	10,290	...	...
1960 or before	5,610	...	...	590	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,835	...	...	3,415	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,950	...	...	2,775	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,180	...	...	2,385	...	...
2001 to 2005	445	...	...	370	...	...
2006 to 2010	435	...	...	375	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	430	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	13,890	...	...	10,285	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	12,875	...	...	9,675	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,015	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	13,885	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,515	...	...	5,835	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,190	...	...	4,335	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	180	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	13,890	...	...	10,290	...	...
15 to 24 years	400	...	...	295	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,585	...	...	1,445	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,810	...	...	1,695	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,505	...	...	2,660	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,040	...	...	2,275	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,490	...	...	1,265	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,470	...	...	575	...	...
85 years and over	590	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,685	...	...	10,280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,185	...	...	8,605	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,500	...	...	1,675	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,190	...	...	1,545	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,230	...	...	7,010	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	54.5	...	...	65.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.5	...	...	11.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	956	...	...	1,169	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,089	...	...	1,186	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,384	...	...	286,423	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	289,339	...	...	306,079	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,460	...	...	3,275	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	22.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.4	...	...	27.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	824	...	...	773	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	850	...	...	815	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	26,250	12,560	13,690	21,640	10,745	10,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,345	2,760	2,585	4,005	2,305	1,700
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,000	3,865	4,135	5,555	2,625	2,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,905	5,935	6,970	12,085	5,815	6,270
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,015	1,395	620	3,715	2,295	1,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	830	490	340	2,670	1,455	1,220
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,185	905	280	1,045	840	205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,530	2,585	3,945	4,230	1,760	2,470
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	490	235	255	830	300	530
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,875	1,725	2,150	3,315	1,460	1,850
Bachelor's degree	2,505	1,080	1,425	2,445	1,070	1,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	325	145	185	290	105	190
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	125	80	50	25	25
Master's degree	785	350	430	460	240	220
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	55	20	40	60	25	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	15,965	7,695	8,270	14,415	7,055	7,360
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,125	1,255	870	1,735	1,010	725
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,665	2,395	2,270	3,265	1,565	1,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,180	4,050	5,130	9,415	4,480	4,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,255	880	375	2,835	1,685	1,150
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	550	350	200	2,010	1,020	980
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	705	530	165	830	660	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,905	1,945	2,960	3,110	1,315	1,795
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	220	100	120	645	240	405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,800	1,120	1,685	2,825	1,240	1,580
Bachelor's degree	1,815	730	1,090	2,090	930	1,160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	100	150	240	80	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	80	80	50	25	30
Master's degree	540	200	345	390	180	205
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35	15	25	50	30	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	26,255	12,560	13,695	21,640	10,740	10,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	13,345	6,625	6,720	9,560	4,930	4,630
Education	860	235	620	945	190	750
13. Education	860	240	625	940	190	755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	195	220	440	180	260
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	50	10	100	55	45
50. Visual and performing arts	355	145	205	340	125	220
Humanities	625	265	365	630	240	390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	0	20	60	10	55
23. English language and literature/letters	175	55	110	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	50	90	415	155	260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	15	15	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	85	60	40	35	10
54. History	80	45	35	30	15	10
55. French language and literature/letters	25	0	25	65	20	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,220	385	835	945	210	735
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	10	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	45	40	90	25	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335	25	310	355	30	330
22. Legal professions and studies	205	75	130	130	35	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	0	30	0	0	10
42. Psychology	195	35	160	150	30	120
45. Social sciences	360	195	160	205	90	115
Business, management and public administration	2,230	740	1,495	3,020	1,100	1,920
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	75	215	100	15	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,935	665	1,270	2,910	1,080	1,830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	265	145	120	470	270	200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	50	80	110	50	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	10	30	85	60	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	130	65	70
40. Physical sciences	80	65	0	115	90	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	15	10	30	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	230	120	110	435	310	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	150	90	55	390	290	100
25. Library science	25	0	25	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	20	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	10	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,575	2,460	115	2,510	2,345	160
04. Architecture and related services	50	40	15	50	35	15
14. Engineering	275	245	25	345	310	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	585	540	40	505	450	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	605	595	10	675	655	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	730	725	10	570	560	0
48. Precision production	330	310	20	360	340	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	405	300	110	110	65	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	260	180	85	95	60	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	125	25	15	10	15
Health and related fields	2,965	535	2,430	1,385	225	1,155
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	220	110	110	140	60	80
51. Health professions and related programs	2,675	385	2,290	1,235	160	1,070
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	45	25	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,095	550	545	1,195	675	520
12. Personal and culinary services	620	160	460	545	145	405
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	305	240	75	365	300	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	145	15	275	230	45
Other	10	0	10	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	15,965	7,700	8,270	14,410	7,055	7,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,790	3,645	3,140	5,000	2,570	2,425
Education	545	145	400	685	135	545
13. Education	540	145	395	685	140	550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	310	140	170	360	140	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	10	80	45	35
50. Visual and performing arts	265	105	160	280	95	185
Humanities	405	175	230	335	120	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	50	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	75	0	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	90	25	60	185	75	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	20	0	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	65	35	20	20	0
54. History	60	35	25	20	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	10	50	10	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	950	255	695	765	160	605
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	35	25	80	20	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	275	15	265	285	15	270
22. Legal professions and studies	175	55	120	110	25	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	10	25	10	0	10
42. Psychology	150	15	135	115	20	90
45. Social sciences	245	135	115	165	75	90
Business, management and public administration	1,570	490	1,070	2,470	870	1,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	50	160	95	20	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,345	445	905	2,365	855	1,515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190	110	80	295	200	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	40	55	80	50	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20	65	40	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	25	20	10
40. Physical sciences	45	45	0	100	80	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	0	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	100	95	395	285	110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	75	45	360	265	90
25. Library science	20	0	20	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	25	20	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,725	1,625	105	1,940	1,785	150
04. Architecture and related services	25	10	15	40	25	20
14. Engineering	145	125	20	290	250	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	435	400	35	385	345	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	435	430	10	480	465	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	460	455	10	460	450	0
48. Precision production	225	200	20	275	255	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	295	195	100	85	45	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	190	120	70	70	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	80	30	15	0	10
Health and related fields	2,155	380	1,770	1,130	195	930
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	185	85	100	110	50	60
51. Health professions and related programs	1,915	270	1,645	1,010	140	870
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	30	25	15	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	840	435	405	960	535	425
12. Personal and culinary services	450	110	335	425	95	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	240	190	55	280	235	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	130	15	250	210	45
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	26,250	12,560	13,690	21,640	10,745	10,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,345	6,625	6,720	9,555	4,925	4,625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,905	5,935	6,970	12,085	5,815	6,275
Location of study inside Canada	12,070	5,515	6,560	11,665	5,590	6,075
Same as province or territory of residence	11,585	5,285	6,305	11,435	5,465	5,970
Different than province or territory of residence	490	235	255	230	125	100
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	835	420	410	420	225	195
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	250	120	130	55	40	20
Philippines	25	10	15	0	0	0
India	55	20	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	170	105	65	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	10	10	0	10	0
France	0	0	0	70	40	30
Other	315	155	160	265	135	135
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	15,965	7,700	8,270	14,410	7,055	7,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,785	3,650	3,140	4,995	2,575	2,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	9,180	4,050	5,130	9,415	4,480	4,935
Location of study inside Canada	8,690	3,820	4,875	9,070	4,305	4,770
Same as province or territory of residence	8,315	3,650	4,665	8,920	4,225	4,695
Different than province or territory of residence	375	170	205	150	75	75
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	490	235	260	345	175	170
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	165	80	85	50	30	20
Philippines	20	10	15	0	0	10
India	40	15	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	75	50	25	15	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	10	0	0
France	0	10	0	50	30	20
Other	175	75	100	220	110	115
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	26,250	12,555	13,690	21,645	10,745	10,900
In the labour force	15,605	7,845	7,755	15,475	7,910	7,565
Employed	14,570	7,285	7,285	14,515	7,405	7,110
Unemployed	1,035	560	470	960	505	455
Not in the labour force	10,650	4,710	5,935	6,165	2,835	3,335
Participation rate	59.4	62.5	56.6	71.5	73.6	69.4
Employment rate	55.5	58.0	53.2	67.1	68.9	65.2
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.1	6.1	6.2	6.4	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	26,250	12,555	13,695	21,640	10,745	10,900
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,800	4,400	5,400	5,785	2,605	3,175
Worked	16,450	8,160	8,290	15,860	8,135	7,725
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	8,200	4,395	3,810	7,525	4,220	3,300
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	8,245	3,765	4,485	8,335	3,915	4,420
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.1	42.8	43.0	43.4	42.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	15,605	7,845	7,750	15,480	7,910	7,570
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	290	170	125	260	110	150
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	15,310	7,680	7,630	15,215	7,800	7,420
Employee	13,405	6,550	6,860	13,530	6,795	6,735
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,895	1,125	770	1,690	1,005	685
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	15,600	7,845	7,755	15,480	7,910	7,565
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	295	170	125	260	110	145
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	15,310	7,675	7,630	15,215	7,795	7,420
0 Management occupations	1,575	935	640	1,520	985	540
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,810	445	1,365	2,630	805	1,830
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	600	490	105	865	690	175
3 Health occupations	1,645	320	1,320	900	145	755
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,760	595	1,165	1,870	575	1,300
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	340	135	200	410	150	265
6 Sales and service occupations	3,940	1,540	2,400	4,155	1,870	2,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,310	2,130	180	2,135	2,030	110
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	375	335	40	95	90	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	955	735	220	620	475	150
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	15,600	7,850	7,755	15,480	7,910	7,570
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	295	170	125	260	110	150
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	15,310	7,680	7,630	15,215	7,800	7,420
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	315	220	95	35	15	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	145	10	35	35	0
22 Utilities	345	315	25	125	65	60
23 Construction	1,070	910	165	1,080	940	140
31-33 Manufacturing	1,590	1,180	410	1,785	1,280	505
41 Wholesale trade	380	290	90	890	590	300
44-45 Retail trade	2,330	970	1,360	2,215	970	1,250
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	530	405	130	745	570	175
51 Information and cultural industries	205	130	75	360	240	125
52 Finance and insurance	375	125	255	595	185	410
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	250	110	140	250	135	115
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	575	305	270	895	440	455
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	655	390	270	600	385	210
61 Educational services	850	275	565	1,235	370	865
62 Health care and social assistance	2,830	535	2,290	1,630	265	1,360
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	390	175	215	325	205	125
72 Accommodation and food services	1,120	495	625	1,055	490	565
81 Other services (except public administration)	685	335	360	565	215	345
91 Public administration	635	365	270	800	420	390
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	14,565	7,280	7,285	14,515	7,405	7,115
Worked at home	1,040	485	560	920	450	475
Worked outside Canada	30	25	15	25	20	0
No fixed workplace address	1,435	1,055	375	1,520	1,175	345
Worked at usual place	12,060	5,720	6,340	12,055	5,755	6,300
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	12,065	5,725	6,340	12,055	5,755	6,300
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,640	2,915	3,725	2,125	1,070	1,050
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,540	1,615	1,925	1,640	545	1,090
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,805	1,145	660	8,275	4,135	4,140
Commute to a different province or territory	75	50	25	15	0	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	13,495	6,780	6,715	13,575	6,930	6,640
Car, truck, van - as a driver	10,725	5,465	5,260	11,495	5,990	5,505
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,155	560	595	520	210	310
Public transit	165	30	130	790	315	475
Walked	1,155	550	600	565	250	310
Bicycle	155	115	45	85	65	20
Other method	140	50	85	120	100	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	13,495	6,775	6,720	13,570	6,930	6,640
Less than 15 minutes	6,715	3,035	3,675	3,415	1,540	1,875
15 to 29 minutes	3,885	1,885	2,000	4,445	2,110	2,335
30 to 44 minutes	1,580	835	745	2,820	1,645	1,175
45 to 59 minutes	560	385	175	1,405	790	615
60 minutes and over	760	640	120	1,485	840	645
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	13,495	6,780	6,720	13,570	6,930	6,640
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	800	560	235	1,320	1,045	280
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,210	1,410	800	2,690	1,610	1,080
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,470	1,980	1,490	3,435	1,500	1,930
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,220	1,190	2,030	2,170	780	1,395
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,575	535	1,040	1,615	635	980
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,220	1,100	1,120	2,350	1,365	985
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	16,875	8,405	8,475	16,295	8,360	7,935
Single responses	16,860	8,400	8,465	15,070	7,675	7,395
Official languages	16,840	8,390	8,450	14,745	7,525	7,220
English	16,775	8,375	8,400	1,200	735	465
French	65	15	50	13,545	6,790	6,755
Non-official languages	20	10	15	320	155	170
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25	10	15	325	155	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	320	150	170
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	315	150	160
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	310	150	165
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	15	1,225	680	545
English and French	10	0	0	1,150	650	500
English and non-official language	15	0	10	25	15	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	15	20
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	16,875	8,400	8,475	16,295	8,360	7,935
None	16,640	8,320	8,310	10,090	4,930	5,155
English	45	15	40	5,250	2,835	2,415
French	145	55	100	765	485	280
Non-official language	45	15	35	140	80	60
Aboriginal	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	45	15	30	140	80	60
English and French	0	0	0	15	0	15
English and non-official language	0	0	0	20	20	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	30,495	14,700	15,795	26,480	13,190	13,285
Non-movers	26,865	13,005	13,855	23,910	11,925	11,985
Movers	3,630	1,695	1,935	2,570	1,270	1,300
Non-migrants	1,940	870	1,075	935	435	500
Migrants	1,690	825	865	1,630	835	800
Internal migrants	1,680	825	850	1,570	805	770
Intraprovincial migrants	1,555	765	790	1,545	795	755
Interprovincial migrants	125	65	65	25	10	15
External migrants	15	0	10	65	35	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	29,295	14,105	15,185	25,090	12,460	12,625
Non-movers	18,890	9,150	9,740	16,830	8,315	8,510
Movers	10,405	4,955	5,450	8,260	4,145	4,115
Non-migrants	5,510	2,630	2,885	3,385	1,715	1,665
Migrants	4,890	2,325	2,565	4,880	2,430	2,450
Internal migrants	4,745	2,255	2,495	4,660	2,335	2,325
Intraprovincial migrants	4,540	2,145	2,395	4,585	2,295	2,290
Interprovincial migrants	205	110	100	80	45	40
External migrants	145	75	70	215	95	120

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Owen Sound [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Boisbriand, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Owen Sound [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Owen Sound [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Owen Sound [Census agglomeration], Ontario and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec