Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	British Columbia [Province]			Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , British Columbia [Province] Map : British Columbia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Nova Scotia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,648,055	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	4,400,057	...	...	921,727	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.6	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,063,417	...	...	458,568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,881,969	...	...	401,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.0	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	922,503.01	...	...	52,942.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815	923,600	446,885	476,715
0 to 14 years	691,390	355,400	335,985	133,825	68,370	65,455
0 to 4 years	220,625	113,355	107,275	42,005	21,365	20,640
5 to 9 years	236,900	122,070	114,830	45,980	23,650	22,330
10 to 14 years	233,860	119,975	113,885	45,845	23,350	22,490
15 to 64 years	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400	605,950	295,100	310,845
15 to 19 years	258,980	133,000	125,985	51,255	26,240	25,015
20 to 24 years	287,560	147,615	139,945	56,160	28,150	28,010
25 to 29 years	303,000	151,585	151,415	53,725	26,790	26,940
30 to 34 years	313,750	155,035	158,715	51,730	25,130	26,600
35 to 39 years	293,590	143,070	150,520	52,010	24,560	27,450
40 to 44 years	295,045	141,930	153,115	57,050	27,245	29,805
45 to 49 years	322,365	155,325	167,040	61,890	29,720	32,170
50 to 54 years	354,375	172,065	182,310	75,675	36,615	39,065
55 to 59 years	354,925	171,210	183,715	76,505	36,925	39,580
60 to 64 years	324,095	156,450	167,645	69,960	33,735	36,225
65 years and over	848,985	395,560	453,425	183,820	83,415	100,405
65 to 69 years	287,520	139,490	148,035	63,710	30,810	32,905
70 to 74 years	201,785	97,675	104,110	45,005	21,520	23,485
75 to 79 years	145,225	68,715	76,510	31,545	14,520	17,030
80 to 84 years	105,255	48,645	56,610	21,915	9,425	12,495
85 years and over	109,190	41,035	68,155	21,645	7,140	14,505
85 to 89 years	67,510	27,930	39,575	13,205	4,845	8,360
90 to 94 years	31,815	10,615	21,205	6,320	1,830	4,485
95 to 99 years	8,545	2,215	6,330	1,855	415	1,430
100 years and over	1,325	275	1,050	270	45	225
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.6	14.2	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.0	66.7	65.6	66.0	65.2
65 years and over	18.3	17.4	19.1	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	42.3	41.5	43.1	43.5	42.5	44.4
Median age of the population	43.0	41.9	44.0	45.5	44.5	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
Single-detached house	830,660	...	...	263,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	177,830	...	...	21,350	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	824,190	...	...	102,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	57,395	...	...	20,465	...	...
Row house	147,830	...	...	10,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230,075	...	...	12,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	385,140	...	...	58,405	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,755	...	...	780	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	49,290	...	...	14,870	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 person	541,910	...	...	118,670	...	...
2 persons	663,770	...	...	156,825	...	...
3 persons	277,690	...	...	60,250	...	...
4 persons	243,125	...	...	44,970	...	...
5 or more persons	155,470	...	...	21,275	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,560,240	...	...	908,340	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825	789,770	378,515	411,255
Married or living common law	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150	454,970	227,220	227,750
Married	1,925,345	959,690	965,645	369,695	184,705	184,990
Living common law	371,985	186,485	185,505	85,275	42,515	42,760
Not married and not living common law	1,659,335	776,660	882,675	334,800	151,295	183,505
Never married	1,076,085	582,975	493,110	209,455	110,175	99,280
Separated	105,700	45,225	60,475	24,105	10,450	13,655
Divorced	263,870	103,475	160,395	48,835	19,715	29,115
Widowed	213,685	44,990	168,700	52,405	10,955	41,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,311,340	...	...	270,965	...	...
2 persons	703,685	...	...	157,600	...	...
3 persons	275,965	...	...	56,625	...	...
4 persons	243,960	...	...	41,095	...	...
5 or more persons	87,730	...	...	15,645	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,311,345	...	...	270,965	...	...
Total couple families	1,113,405	...	...	224,065	...	...
Married couples	927,440	...	...	181,435	...	...
Common-law couples	185,960	...	...	42,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	197,940	...	...	46,900	...	...
Female parent	155,670	...	...	37,595	...	...
Male parent	42,265	...	...	9,305	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,113,400	...	...	224,065	...	...
Couples without children	577,790	...	...	128,125	...	...
Couples with children	535,610	...	...	95,940	...	...
1 child	221,065	...	...	43,810	...	...
2 children	230,705	...	...	37,595	...	...
3 or more children	83,840	...	...	14,535	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	197,940	...	...	46,900	...	...
1 child	125,890	...	...	29,480	...	...
2 children	54,900	...	...	12,810	...	...
3 or more children	17,145	...	...	4,610	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	882,895	418,495	464,405	175,575	81,140	94,435
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
One-census-family households	1,195,735	...	...	260,280	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	527,700	...	...	124,000	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	668,035	...	...	136,280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	55,620	...	...	5,285	...	...
Non-census-family households	630,620	...	...	136,425	...	...
One-person households	541,915	...	...	118,675	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,705	...	...	17,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	912,300	442,470	469,830
English only	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645	813,480	398,950	414,530
French only	1,810	820	985	705	305	400
English and French	314,925	140,650	174,275	95,380	41,925	53,460
Neither English nor French	153,910	63,795	90,115	2,735	1,295	1,440
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020	912,295	442,470	469,830
English	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655	879,465	426,535	452,930
French	55,325	27,680	27,640	28,490	13,890	14,600
English and French	18,000	8,315	9,685	1,760	825	930
Neither English nor French	151,760	62,720	89,040	2,585	1,215	1,365
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	64,325	31,840	32,480	29,370	14,300	15,070
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.4	3.2	3.2	3.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	912,295	442,470	469,830
Single responses	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220	904,240	438,550	465,690
Official languages	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160	859,690	416,245	443,445
English	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355	830,220	401,980	428,240
French	57,425	28,615	28,810	29,465	14,265	15,205
Non-official languages	1,267,460	591,400	676,060	44,550	22,305	22,245
Aboriginal languages	8,435	3,940	4,490	4,290	2,020	2,270
Algonquian languages	1,050	445	605	4,210	1,985	2,225
Blackfoot	40	5	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	840	375	465	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	150	60	85	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	15	10	5	5	0
Woods Cree	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	585	270	320	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	10	4,190	1,975	2,215
Malecite	5	0	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	4,185	1,970	2,215
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	55	105	10	5	5
Algonquin	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	135	50	90	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,310	1,045	1,260	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,295	1,045	1,250	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beaver	160	75	85	0	0	0
Carrier	1,005	460	550	0	0	0
Chilcotin	650	295	355	0	0	0
Dene	90	35	50	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sekani	85	40	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	5	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	20	5	15	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	105	45	50	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	70	30	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	30	55	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	5
Inuktitut	50	20	30	55	30	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	100	55	50	0	0	0
Michif	35	20	10	5	0	0
Salish languages	2,270	1,115	1,155	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	230	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	160	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	435	220	215	0	0	0
Squamish	35	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	330	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	0	0	0
Siouan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dakota	30	15	20	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,460	715	740	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	875	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	385	195	190	0	0	0
Tsimshian	195	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	795	365	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	100	45	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	320	140	180	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	275	135	140	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	190	80	110	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,259,025	587,455	671,570	40,260	20,285	19,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,870	13,405	11,465	7,760	4,275	3,480
Berber languages	115	75	45	10	10	0
Kabyle	40	30	15	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	45	30	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	1,505	765	740	130	65	65
Bilen	5	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	205	115	95	60	30	25
Somali	1,270	640	640	50	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	15	5	5
Semitic languages	23,195	12,540	10,655	7,615	4,205	3,415
Amharic	1,370	670	700	115	50	65
Arabic	17,480	9,595	7,890	7,110	3,950	3,165
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	650	315	330	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	440	245	200	0	0	5
Harari	20	5	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	2,065	1,125	940	210	115	95
Maltese	215	100	115	15	10	5
Tigrigna	805	395	405	140	65	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	28,740	13,170	15,575	505	245	260
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,560	710	850	5	5	5
Vietnamese	27,150	12,440	14,710	490	240	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	96,535	38,765	57,770	2,235	940	1,300
Bikol	375	165	215	5	5	5
Cebuano	4,065	1,565	2,505	150	60	90
Fijian	470	240	230	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,470	550	920	25	10	15
Ilocano	5,240	2,055	3,190	55	15	40
Malagasy	20	10	15	0	5	0
Malay	3,895	1,675	2,220	55	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	700	320	380	15	5	5
Pangasinan	295	130	170	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	78,770	31,550	47,220	1,905	810	1,090
Waray-Waray	215	85	135	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	435	580	20	10	15
Creole languages	840	440	400	95	60	35
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	500	255	245	35	20	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	55	35	20
Dravidian languages	7,500	3,995	3,510	1,010	595	420
Kannada	280	150	135	40	20	15
Malayalam	2,385	1,260	1,130	365	205	165
Tamil	3,615	1,875	1,740	315	185	130
Telugu	1,175	695	480	285	180	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	140	75	70	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	588,175	286,135	302,035	18,590	9,320	9,270
Albanian	1,465	765	705	275	130	140
Armenian	1,195	600	600	35	30	10
Balto-Slavic languages	83,110	38,595	44,515	3,470	1,645	1,830
Baltic languages	1,070	485	585	100	35	60
Latvian	565	255	300	50	20	30
Lithuanian	505	225	280	45	15	30
Slavic languages	82,040	38,110	43,930	3,375	1,610	1,765
Belarusan	95	45	50	5	5	5
Bosnian	1,360	675	685	120	60	65
Bulgarian	2,025	955	1,070	55	25	30
Croatian	7,475	3,655	3,820	225	105	115
Czech	5,920	2,850	3,070	205	105	100
Macedonian	325	160	165	20	10	15
Polish	16,910	7,875	9,035	795	365	435
Russian	25,955	11,640	14,310	1,285	615	670
Serbian	7,045	3,600	3,450	115	60	65
Serbo-Croatian	1,395	670	725	80	40	40
Slovak	3,400	1,525	1,870	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,160	545	615	35	15	15
Ukrainian	8,630	3,730	4,900	320	155	170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	175	170	5	5	5
Celtic languages	615	325	290	185	80	100
Scottish Gaelic	240	130	110	145	65	85
Welsh	280	145	135	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	10	5	5
Germanic languages	101,725	48,350	53,380	5,700	2,800	2,900
Afrikaans	3,260	1,655	1,610	120	55	60
Danish	4,665	2,280	2,385	160	105	60
Dutch	21,020	10,130	10,895	1,620	815	805
Frisian	295	145	145	35	20	15
German	66,885	31,525	35,360	3,435	1,645	1,790
Icelandic	275	135	145	45	20	20
Norwegian	2,005	970	1,035	110	60	50
Swedish	2,520	1,100	1,420	110	45	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	445	220	225	25	10	10
Yiddish	290	150	140	20	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	25	20	5	15
Greek	6,115	3,245	2,870	760	390	365
Indo-Iranian languages	297,800	147,830	149,970	4,835	2,650	2,190
Indo-Aryan languages	251,000	124,260	126,740	3,385	1,895	1,490
Bengali	3,180	1,665	1,510	475	290	185
Gujarati	6,895	3,290	3,605	195	125	70
Hindi	26,720	12,910	13,810	745	445	300
Kashmiri	65	35	25	10	5	5
Konkani	255	130	125	5	5	5
Marathi	620	325	295	70	35	35
Nepali	1,155	620	540	530	255	275
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	198,805	98,525	100,285	585	310	270
Sindhi	1,675	780	895	20	10	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,675	845	830	165	85	85
Urdu	9,885	5,090	4,795	575	330	245
Iranian languages	46,390	23,355	23,035	1,425	740	690
Kurdish	1,765	945	825	115	65	50
Pashto	1,155	615	535	80	45	35
Persian (Farsi)	43,470	21,795	21,675	1,230	630	605
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	410	220	195	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	96,135	46,430	49,710	3,335	1,605	1,730
Catalan	160	85	75	10	5	5
Italian	22,680	11,445	11,230	745	400	340
Portuguese	17,450	8,240	9,210	520	245	270
Romanian	8,730	4,250	4,480	225	110	120
Spanish	47,010	22,335	24,675	1,830	840	985
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	0	5	0
Japanese	21,350	7,195	14,150	360	100	260
Kartvelian languages	85	50	35	0	0	0
Georgian	85	50	40	5	0	0
Korean	52,160	23,495	28,670	1,095	475	620
Mongolic languages	360	150	205	5	5	5
Mongolian	360	155	210	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	3,725	1,875	1,850	630	325	305
Akan (Twi)	495	275	220	40	25	25
Bamanankan	10	5	5	15	5	5
Edo	85	50	35	5	0	5
Ewe	85	45	35	40	25	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	5	5	0
Ga	45	20	25	10	5	5
Ganda	90	45	45	20	5	15
Igbo	245	145	105	45	20	20
Lingala	80	30	45	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	50	60	20	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	70	80	50	15	30
Shona	215	100	115	30	15	15
Swahili	805	400	405	135	65	70
Wolof	50	25	25	10	10	0
Yoruba	330	185	150	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	885	410	480	140	75	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	175	165	75	40	40
Dinka	105	60	45	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	240	115	125	55	25	25
Sign languages	1,155	610	545	190	90	100
American Sign Language	470	230	240	85	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	690	380	305	105	50	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	410,920	187,725	223,190	6,665	3,335	3,330
Chinese languages	408,415	186,455	221,960	6,635	3,320	3,315
Cantonese	193,530	89,325	104,210	1,145	535	610
Hakka	2,325	1,010	1,315	20	5	15
Mandarin	186,325	84,370	101,955	4,640	2,325	2,315
Min Dong	230	105	120	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,210	4,995	6,215	120	50	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,540	1,995	2,545	50	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,050	4,570	5,480	645	365	280
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	205	85	120	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,500	1,265	1,230	30	15	20
Burmese	1,125	580	545	15	5	10
Karenic languages	815	395	425	0	0	0
Tibetan	330	175	160	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	230	120	110	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	3,985	1,335	2,650	155	55	100
Lao	1,100	550	550	10	0	5
Thai	2,865	775	2,090	150	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,140	2,295	1,845	445	240	205
Azerbaijani	530	290	235	10	10	5
Turkish	3,145	1,790	1,360	305	165	140
Uyghur	170	85	85	5	5	5
Uzbek	105	50	55	110	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	190	80	110	10	10	0
Uralic languages	13,490	6,285	7,205	415	180	235
Estonian	705	295	410	40	20	25
Finnish	3,760	1,555	2,200	95	30	60
Hungarian	9,025	4,435	4,590	275	130	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	500	280	225	25	10	15
Multiple responses	103,415	49,625	53,795	8,060	3,920	4,140
English and French	10,065	4,815	5,250	3,445	1,600	1,850
English and non-official language	89,135	42,820	46,315	4,180	2,110	2,070
French and non-official language	2,100	1,040	1,065	225	115	105
English, French and non-official language	2,115	950	1,165	210	90	120
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	912,300	442,470	469,830
Single responses	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855	900,755	436,755	464,000
Official languages	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675	878,015	425,220	452,795
English	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075	863,550	418,315	445,240
French	16,795	8,195	8,605	14,460	6,910	7,560
Non-official languages	717,375	337,200	380,180	22,740	11,540	11,205
Aboriginal languages	1,565	765	795	2,570	1,285	1,295
Algonquian languages	105	50	55	2,565	1,280	1,285
Blackfoot	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	2,560	1,280	1,280
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	2,560	1,275	1,280
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	5	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	610	290	320	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	605	290	315	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	40	20	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	110	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	260	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	5	0	5
Salish languages	275	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	15	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	50	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Straits	25	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dakota	10	10	5	0	0	0
Stoney	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	405	215	195	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	310	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	45	25	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	45	15	25	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	715,815	336,435	379,380	20,170	10,255	9,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,990	7,065	6,920	4,630	2,450	2,180
Berber languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	10	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	770	355	415	85	40	45
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	90	50	45	45	20	25
Somali	665	300	360	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	10	5
Semitic languages	13,155	6,680	6,475	4,540	2,405	2,130
Amharic	600	275	320	55	25	30
Arabic	10,415	5,335	5,080	4,260	2,270	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	405	195	210	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	310	165	145	0	0	0
Harari	10	5	5	5	0	0
Hebrew	900	465	440	125	70	55
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	410	190	225	95	40	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,870	8,305	9,560	330	160	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	800	375	420	0	0	0
Vietnamese	17,055	7,920	9,130	330	165	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40,605	17,945	22,660	1,140	550	585
Bikol	75	30	35	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,305	585	715	55	20	35
Fijian	110	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	415	175	240	5	5	5
Ilocano	1,615	695	930	15	5	5
Malagasy	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	1,120	510	605	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	150	70	80	0	0	0
Pangasinan	55	25	30	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35,375	15,600	19,770	1,065	520	545
Waray-Waray	55	25	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	310	150	160	0	0	0
Creole languages	335	150	180	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	235	105	130	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	3,940	1,995	1,940	425	240	185
Kannada	110	55	60	15	5	10
Malayalam	1,225	615	605	140	75	60
Tamil	2,055	1,025	1,030	140	80	60
Telugu	535	295	240	125	80	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	282,090	137,135	144,955	7,410	3,715	3,690
Albanian	695	335	360	110	60	55
Armenian	545	240	305	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	31,640	15,150	16,490	1,405	680	720
Baltic languages	210	90	115	30	10	15
Latvian	80	30	50	10	5	10
Lithuanian	125	60	65	15	5	10
Slavic languages	31,430	15,060	16,370	1,375	675	700
Belarusan	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	595	300	300	65	30	30
Bulgarian	1,035	485	550	25	15	10
Croatian	2,235	1,055	1,180	65	25	40
Czech	1,595	800	795	45	25	20
Macedonian	150	75	75	0	0	0
Polish	5,690	2,720	2,970	235	105	125
Russian	13,310	6,290	7,020	785	385	390
Serbian	3,695	1,870	1,825	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian	500	235	265	30	15	10
Slovak	1,000	480	520	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,430	665	765	55	30	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	5	0
Celtic languages	70	40	30	60	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	10	60	35	30
Welsh	25	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages	14,430	6,870	7,555	1,490	725	760
Afrikaans	1,475	715	760	30	15	15
Danish	305	145	160	15	0	15
Dutch	1,895	890	1,005	135	70	70
Frisian	10	5	5	5	0	0
German	10,085	4,795	5,295	1,225	600	625
Icelandic	75	35	35	30	10	15
Norwegian	140	60	80	20	5	10
Swedish	360	170	195	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	5	5	5
Yiddish	10	10	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	10
Greek	2,010	975	1,035	270	135	130
Indo-Iranian languages	194,590	95,380	99,215	2,815	1,475	1,335
Indo-Aryan languages	164,185	80,610	83,575	1,850	995	860
Bengali	1,815	895	920	250	135	115
Gujarati	2,970	1,320	1,645	100	60	35
Hindi	12,310	5,890	6,425	310	190	120
Kashmiri	10	5	5	5	5	0
Konkani	40	25	25	0	0	0
Marathi	270	140	130	30	15	15
Nepali	665	345	320	475	235	240
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	139,080	68,565	70,515	250	125	125
Sindhi	615	270	345	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	675	330	340	95	45	50
Urdu	5,705	2,825	2,880	340	175	165
Iranian languages	30,205	14,665	15,540	960	475	480
Kurdish	1,080	540	535	85	50	40
Pashto	700	350	350	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	28,420	13,765	14,660	825	405	420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	100	100	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	38,110	18,145	19,970	1,240	595	645
Catalan	65	35	35	5	0	0
Italian	5,200	2,245	2,955	165	70	85
Portuguese	6,725	3,140	3,580	195	90	105
Romanian	3,800	1,830	1,970	70	35	35
Spanish	22,310	10,900	11,410	810	390	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	5	0	0
Japanese	9,860	4,070	5,790	110	35	70
Kartvelian languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Korean	38,605	17,785	20,820	710	330	385
Mongolic languages	170	80	90	0	0	0
Mongolian	165	80	85	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	960	430	530	165	80	85
Akan (Twi)	150	80	65	10	0	10
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ewe	20	5	10	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ga	5	5	0	5	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	5	0	5
Igbo	40	20	15	15	5	5
Lingala	35	15	20	0	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	40	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	15	10	10
Shona	65	25	40	0	0	0
Swahili	200	90	115	60	30	35
Wolof	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	30	35	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	200	85	120	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	60	75	35	20	20
Dinka	55	30	20	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	25	10	15
Sign languages	1,535	850	685	285	145	140
American Sign Language	455	230	225	110	55	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,080	615	460	175	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	299,420	137,555	161,865	4,550	2,345	2,200
Chinese languages	297,675	136,670	161,000	4,545	2,345	2,200
Cantonese	137,075	62,545	74,525	640	335	310
Hakka	700	295	410	5	0	0
Mandarin	146,435	67,695	78,740	3,410	1,740	1,675
Min Dong	65	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,820	2,185	2,630	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,595	1,195	1,400	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,885	2,680	3,205	415	235	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,745	885	865	5	0	5
Burmese	720	375	350	0	0	0
Karenic languages	725	355	370	0	0	0
Tibetan	205	110	90	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	1,380	595	785	55	20	35
Lao	460	225	235	0	0	0
Thai	920	370	545	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,695	880	815	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	195	105	95	5	5	0
Turkish	1,310	685	630	140	70	75
Uyghur	95	50	50	0	0	0
Uzbek	45	25	20	70	40	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	5	0
Uralic languages	3,005	1,415	1,590	75	35	40
Estonian	95	40	55	5	5	5
Finnish	725	325	400	15	10	5
Hungarian	2,185	1,050	1,130	55	25	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	5	0	0
Multiple responses	232,540	110,375	122,165	11,540	5,715	5,825
English and French	6,155	2,970	3,185	2,180	995	1,185
English and non-official language	222,670	105,750	116,920	8,970	4,515	4,450
French and non-official language	650	290	360	75	40	30
English, French and non-official language	3,065	1,365	1,700	315	155	160
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	912,295	442,470	469,825
None	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820	861,780	418,525	443,260
English	274,535	132,990	141,545	17,005	8,480	8,525
French	41,020	18,435	22,590	16,390	7,210	9,175
Non-official language	340,930	158,590	182,345	16,275	7,850	8,420
Aboriginal	7,985	3,765	4,215	2,135	930	1,205
Non-Aboriginal	332,945	154,820	178,125	14,135	6,920	7,220
English and French	1,195	545	650	150	70	80
English and non-official language	5,660	2,655	3,005	220	105	115
French and non-official language	3,765	1,745	2,020	470	230	245
English, French and non-official language	100	45	50	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	774,750	372,455	402,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860	744,260	358,055	386,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,012	40,370	27,543	31,813	38,379	26,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600	744,545	358,085	386,455
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,783	35,383	25,659	28,627	33,642	24,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085	648,960	320,380	328,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,585	39,557	25,304	29,938	36,363	24,497
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025	554,985	243,860	311,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,592	3,717	4,920	7,438	8,175	6,961
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	523,020	264,375	258,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,713	39,186	26,034	29,979	35,676	25,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335	744,275	357,820	386,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	54,797	36,901	41,479	49,413	34,132
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130	744,560	357,855	386,710
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	44,282	31,874	34,175	39,776	28,993
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985	648,910	320,370	328,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	54,787	35,271	40,299	48,457	32,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840	555,740	243,445	312,295
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,255	7,171	8,495	8,859	8,211
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910	523,020	264,475	258,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	52,171	34,149	39,522	46,606	32,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,147,070	652,115	494,950	245,425	131,095	114,325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,940	61,004	47,039	47,665	53,785	42,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,625	72,840	53,801	56,820	63,886	48,717
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	91.7	84.9	84.6	87.7	80.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	74.4	65.8	66.9	69.7	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	8.3	15.1	15.4	12.3	19.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without total income	142,970	67,370	75,600	30,485	14,395	16,090
With total income	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860	744,265	358,060	386,205
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.4	96.2	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	573,315	240,120	333,195	104,125	43,575	60,545
$10,000 to $19,999	653,915	262,225	391,685	134,355	50,310	84,050
$20,000 to $29,999	503,290	209,095	294,195	114,855	47,195	67,660
$30,000 to $39,999	424,330	188,860	235,470	98,325	45,040	53,280
$40,000 to $49,999	366,220	173,020	193,200	79,435	39,605	39,830
$50,000 to $59,999	286,310	148,095	138,215	57,255	32,255	25,000
$60,000 to $69,999	222,975	129,400	93,580	41,715	25,830	15,885
$70,000 to $79,999	171,625	103,795	67,830	33,195	19,945	13,250
$80,000 to $89,999	134,090	83,100	50,990	25,500	14,900	10,605
$90,000 to $99,999	96,825	62,825	34,005	15,530	10,095	5,435
$100,000 and over	294,475	214,980	79,500	39,965	29,300	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	198,355	142,260	56,095	28,130	20,205	7,925
$150,000 and over	96,115	72,715	23,405	11,835	9,095	2,745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without after-tax income	138,350	63,495	74,855	30,205	14,370	15,840
With after-tax income	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605	744,540	358,085	386,455
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.6	96.2	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	597,310	253,480	343,835	108,630	44,435	64,195
$10,000 to $19,999	686,510	280,490	406,015	142,975	54,160	88,815
$20,000 to $29,999	593,490	252,075	341,415	138,435	58,900	79,535
$30,000 to $39,999	495,200	226,080	269,120	119,130	56,990	62,145
$40,000 to $49,999	402,535	200,565	201,965	84,245	46,675	37,565
$50,000 to $59,999	293,450	167,870	125,585	56,235	34,590	21,645
$60,000 to $69,999	210,085	128,000	82,080	39,320	23,195	16,125
$70,000 to $79,999	151,775	95,230	56,545	21,210	13,950	7,260
$80,000 and over	301,635	215,590	86,045	34,360	25,185	9,170
$80,000 to $89,999	94,700	64,330	30,370	11,615	8,185	3,430
$90,000 to $99,999	59,050	42,050	17,000	6,825	4,950	1,875
$100,000 and over	147,885	109,215	38,670	15,915	12,050	3,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	774,745	372,455	402,295
Without employment income	1,095,320	467,570	627,745	251,730	108,080	143,650
With employment income	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	523,020	264,370	258,640
Percentage with employment income	71.7	75.2	68.4	67.5	71.0	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	441,080	204,275	236,810	72,940	34,125	38,820
$5,000 to $9,999	212,715	90,015	122,705	45,820	19,475	26,350
$10,000 to $19,999	371,875	160,350	211,525	76,685	33,555	43,130
$20,000 to $29,999	309,470	135,945	173,525	66,155	29,385	36,770
$30,000 to $39,999	282,045	126,870	155,180	60,485	27,455	33,035
$40,000 to $49,999	253,810	118,870	134,935	49,395	24,470	24,925
$50,000 to $59,999	203,885	107,605	96,280	37,685	21,735	15,955
$60,000 to $69,999	163,740	98,205	65,535	28,695	17,955	10,740
$70,000 to $79,999	132,340	82,120	50,220	24,970	14,750	10,220
$80,000 and over	404,040	291,050	112,990	60,175	41,470	18,705
$80,000 to $89,999	106,680	67,815	38,860	20,175	11,645	8,535
$90,000 to $99,999	76,470	51,990	24,480	11,685	7,975	3,715
$100,000 and over	220,890	171,245	49,645	28,310	21,850	6,460
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,995	...	...	60,764	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,280	...	...	53,129	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	541,915	...	...	118,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,701	...	...	30,377	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,899	...	...	27,511	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,340,055	...	...	283,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,466	...	...	77,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,108	...	...	66,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,354	...	...	76,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,209	...	...	63,299	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	541,925	...	...	118,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,696	...	...	39,601	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,091	...	...	32,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,340,045	...	...	283,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,010	...	...	92,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,816	...	...	76,011	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,881,965	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	43,415	...	...	6,830	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,140	...	...	7,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55,745	...	...	12,330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,565	...	...	20,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	78,695	...	...	20,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	72,985	...	...	18,700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	78,080	...	...	21,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	78,395	...	...	19,995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	76,775	...	...	19,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	75,860	...	...	18,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	143,475	...	...	33,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	132,845	...	...	30,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,350	...	...	27,755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,350	...	...	24,340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	99,420	...	...	20,240	...	...
$100,000 and over	607,855	...	...	100,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	198,140	...	...	38,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	138,420	...	...	24,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	149,210	...	...	23,445	...	...
$200,000 and over	122,080	...	...	14,730	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,881,965	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	46,350	...	...	7,145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,605	...	...	7,885	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,780	...	...	12,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80,315	...	...	21,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	89,795	...	...	23,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	88,035	...	...	22,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	93,640	...	...	25,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	92,220	...	...	23,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	91,635	...	...	22,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	88,520	...	...	21,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	165,685	...	...	40,585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	150,650	...	...	35,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	136,430	...	...	29,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	118,520	...	...	24,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	101,185	...	...	19,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	454,595	...	...	64,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	187,490	...	...	31,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	111,260	...	...	15,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	155,845	...	...	16,280	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,276,275	...	...	269,560	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,451	...	...	77,529	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,002	...	...	66,728	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	519,030	...	...	121,200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,788	...	...	71,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,464	...	...	61,883	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	536,175	...	...	97,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,736	...	...	104,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,176	...	...	88,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	179,945	...	...	43,560	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,056	...	...	45,597	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,668	...	...	42,309	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,275,865	...	...	269,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,241	...	...	93,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,792	...	...	76,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	518,295	...	...	121,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	100,772	...	...	85,511	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,021	...	...	70,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	536,580	...	...	97,490	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,213	...	...	119,890	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,407	...	...	97,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	179,615	...	...	43,470	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,004	...	...	54,587	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,655	...	...	47,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	768,855	373,390	395,465	157,715	73,825	83,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,255	33,342	29,674	28,180	30,235	26,673
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,320	29,815	27,221	25,848	27,176	24,859
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	766,660	371,595	395,060	157,410	73,440	83,970
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,666	44,615	38,892	36,847	38,945	35,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,191	37,100	33,395	30,893	31,946	29,973
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	908,340	440,700	467,640
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555	519,830	244,725	275,105
In the bottom decile	537,405	258,275	279,140	105,810	49,730	56,080
In the second decile	449,395	205,320	244,075	112,825	49,900	62,920
In the third decile	420,355	198,845	221,510	102,515	48,345	54,175
In the fourth decile	422,805	203,710	219,095	100,645	48,515	52,130
In the fifth decile	435,290	212,555	222,735	98,030	48,235	49,800
In the top half of the distribution	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195	388,510	195,975	192,540
In the sixth decile	442,070	218,225	223,845	94,350	47,240	47,110
In the seventh decile	451,795	226,240	225,555	89,765	45,260	44,505
In the eighth decile	462,900	233,935	228,970	83,140	41,815	41,330
In the ninth decile	473,535	241,165	232,375	69,850	35,450	34,400
In the top decile	464,685	239,235	225,450	51,410	26,210	25,195
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460	898,345	435,895	462,450
0 to 17 years	822,390	422,685	399,710	159,820	81,670	78,150
0 to 5 years	260,110	133,670	126,445	49,595	25,280	24,310
18 to 64 years	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105	565,395	274,120	291,275
65 years and over	778,990	369,345	409,645	173,125	80,100	93,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	694,960	325,015	369,940	154,955	70,415	84,540
0 to 17 years	151,880	78,110	73,770	35,525	18,145	17,380
0 to 5 years	46,920	24,035	22,885	12,740	6,470	6,275
18 to 64 years	427,085	198,475	228,615	88,355	40,375	47,985
65 years and over	115,990	48,430	67,560	31,075	11,890	19,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.8	16.2	17.2	16.2	18.3
0 to 17 years (%)	18.5	18.5	18.5	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	18.0	18.1	25.7	25.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.1	15.5	15.6	14.7	16.5
65 years and over (%)	14.9	13.1	16.5	17.9	14.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	491,645	236,430	255,215	70,745	34,290	36,460
0 to 17 years	99,330	50,890	48,450	15,285	7,805	7,485
0 to 5 years	29,250	14,930	14,315	5,645	2,870	2,775
18 to 64 years	345,345	165,740	179,605	52,220	25,185	27,030
65 years and over	46,965	19,805	27,165	3,240	1,295	1,945
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.0	10.8	11.2	7.9	7.9	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.1	12.0	12.1	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.3	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.8	12.2	9.2	9.2	9.3
65 years and over (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	1.9	1.6	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	908,340	440,730	467,605
Official languages	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285	905,700	439,525	466,180
English	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340	905,020	439,215	465,805
French	314,225	140,085	174,140	95,740	42,150	53,585
Non-official languages	1,546,550	727,200	819,355	64,100	31,380	32,725
Aboriginal languages	17,190	8,115	9,075	5,645	2,685	2,960
Algonquian languages	1,950	905	1,045	5,575	2,635	2,935
Blackfoot	35	0	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,600	795	805	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	15	0	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	345	160	180	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	25	30	10	0	0
Woods Cree	80	45	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,090	560	525	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	5,550	2,625	2,920
Malecite	10	10	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	25	15	0	5,540	2,625	2,920
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	310	100	205	10	0	10
Algonquin	20	0	15	0	0	0
Ojibway	275	95	180	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	4,375	2,050	2,330	15	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	4,345	2,035	2,315	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	200	100	95	0	0	0
Beaver	255	130	130	0	0	0
Carrier	2,045	940	1,110	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Dene	130	55	80	0	10	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	125	60	75	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	25	15	10	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	45	60	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	290	155	130	0	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tahltan	250	135	120	10	10	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Haida	455	195	255	0	0	0
Inuit languages	170	70	95	35	25	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	120	50	70	30	15	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	30	10	15	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	25	10	15	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	170	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	110	50	60	10	0	10
Salish languages	5,660	2,690	2,970	10	0	0
Comox	185	75	105	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,045	470	570	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	805	360	445	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,280	630	650	0	0	0
Squamish	280	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	440	220	220	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	540	280	260	10	10	0
Siouan languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Dakota	30	15	15	0	0	0
Stoney	10	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	60	40	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,685	1,330	1,350	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,275	635	645	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Tsimshian	405	180	230	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,460	670	795	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	105	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	120	50	70	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	590	275	315	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	560	265	295	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	240	105	135	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,635	719,190	810,440	58,490	28,715	29,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	35,115	18,585	16,530	10,730	5,745	4,985
Berber languages	145	95	45	25	15	15
Kabyle	65	40	25	25	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,070	955	1,120	155	65	95
Bilen	20	10	15	20	15	10
Oromo	245	140	110	40	15	20
Somali	1,800	815	985	75	25	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	20	10	10
Semitic languages	33,110	17,660	15,460	10,635	5,715	4,925
Amharic	2,095	1,050	1,045	260	135	120
Arabic	24,230	13,180	11,050	9,685	5,185	4,500
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	760	370	390	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	570	285	285	0	0	0
Harari	55	35	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	5,450	2,805	2,645	630	370	260
Maltese	315	155	155	25	0	25
Tigrigna	1,055	560	495	140	65	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	300	160	140	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	170	85	85	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35,915	17,130	18,785	575	260	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,875	850	1,020	15	0	10
Vietnamese	34,140	16,295	17,840	555	255	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125,425	51,215	74,210	3,035	1,275	1,760
Bikol	530	215	310	10	0	10
Cebuano	5,365	2,000	3,370	185	80	100
Fijian	1,095	655	440	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,685	710	975	45	20	30
Ilocano	6,450	2,480	3,970	70	20	55
Malagasy	25	15	10	10	0	0
Malay	7,495	3,480	4,010	80	25	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	855	365	495	10	10	0
Pangasinan	480	205	275	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	113,265	45,455	67,805	2,835	1,195	1,635
Waray-Waray	320	130	195	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,515	740	775	35	15	20
Creole languages	2,485	1,320	1,165	360	185	175
Haitian Creole	135	55	75	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	1,310	730	585	120	60	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,055	540	515	210	115	100
Dravidian languages	10,390	5,485	4,905	1,365	785	580
Kannada	510	250	265	75	45	35
Malayalam	3,350	1,795	1,550	560	310	250
Tamil	5,445	2,830	2,610	450	260	190
Telugu	1,720	970	750	350	215	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	165	85	80	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	764,815	371,760	393,060	30,820	15,070	15,755
Albanian	1,640	840	795	405	185	215
Armenian	1,680	845	835	80	45	30
Balto-Slavic languages	94,050	44,710	49,340	4,095	1,935	2,160
Baltic languages	1,030	515	520	110	35	80
Latvian	555	290	265	50	15	35
Lithuanian	475	220	250	55	15	40
Slavic languages	93,235	44,305	48,940	4,010	1,910	2,105
Belarusan	245	115	125	10	0	10
Bosnian	2,075	1,020	1,050	145	60	80
Bulgarian	2,430	1,105	1,325	75	35	35
Croatian	10,685	5,255	5,430	275	105	165
Czech	7,480	3,665	3,815	210	95	110
Macedonian	400	220	185	90	55	30
Polish	19,175	8,980	10,190	900	410	490
Russian	33,990	15,850	18,135	1,945	970	970
Serbian	9,110	4,625	4,485	180	85	95
Serbo-Croatian	1,525	770	750	115	70	50
Slovak	4,270	2,045	2,225	145	70	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,375	610	760	35	10	20
Ukrainian	10,740	4,835	5,905	425	180	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	420	215	205	0	0	0
Celtic languages	1,855	990	865	1,070	495	580
Scottish Gaelic	660	395	265	910	400	505
Welsh	345	145	195	35	25	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	860	450	410	155	80	75
Germanic languages	136,685	65,350	71,335	9,225	4,490	4,740
Afrikaans	7,670	3,875	3,800	320	140	175
Danish	5,510	2,490	3,020	235	125	110
Dutch	24,060	11,520	12,550	2,105	935	1,165
Frisian	465	230	240	60	30	30
German	95,005	45,840	49,165	6,335	3,180	3,155
Icelandic	405	210	195	100	40	60
Norwegian	2,845	1,425	1,415	150	105	40
Swedish	4,825	2,125	2,695	245	115	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	545	270	275	20	10	15
Yiddish	505	225	280	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	95	60	125	45	85
Greek	9,095	4,725	4,370	1,315	670	645
Indo-Iranian languages	363,205	181,340	181,865	6,535	3,635	2,900
Indo-Aryan languages	311,955	155,465	156,490	4,935	2,790	2,140
Bengali	3,670	1,885	1,785	625	350	275
Gujarati	11,500	5,455	6,050	240	150	90
Hindi	81,330	39,950	41,380	2,270	1,300	975
Kashmiri	60	30	25	15	0	10
Konkani	415	215	200	15	15	0
Marathi	1,475	780	695	135	85	45
Nepali	1,485	725	760	620	315	305
Oriya (Odia)	70	40	30	20	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	244,485	122,450	122,035	1,010	570	445
Sindhi	3,300	1,415	1,885	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,430	1,265	1,170	245	125	120
Urdu	16,750	8,840	7,915	1,090	660	425
Iranian languages	52,300	26,435	25,870	1,625	865	755
Kurdish	2,225	1,185	1,040	185	110	75
Pashto	1,660	940	725	85	55	30
Persian (Farsi)	49,835	25,135	24,690	1,385	725	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	450	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	177,685	83,505	94,185	9,365	4,270	5,100
Catalan	395	210	180	15	10	10
Italian	37,475	18,075	19,400	1,665	845	820
Portuguese	23,260	11,060	12,200	910	480	430
Romanian	10,045	4,945	5,105	240	140	105
Spanish	115,115	53,215	61,900	6,990	3,020	3,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	380	245	140	70	55	20
Japanese	36,990	15,955	21,040	865	335	530
Kartvelian languages	115	55	60	0	0	0
Georgian	115	55	55	0	10	0
Korean	57,490	26,310	31,180	1,530	685	850
Mongolic languages	370	170	200	10	0	10
Mongolian	370	165	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	8,025	4,130	3,895	1,340	715	620
Akan (Twi)	630	350	280	65	40	30
Bamanankan	30	20	15	10	10	10
Edo	145	80	60	10	10	0
Ewe	135	90	45	80	50	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	30	70	10	10	0
Ga	150	95	50	30	15	20
Ganda	165	80	85	60	15	40
Igbo	425	240	185	70	45	30
Lingala	280	125	150	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	45	75	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	290	125	165	130	65	65
Shona	415	220	195	65	40	35
Swahili	3,365	1,785	1,575	370	200	175
Wolof	50	25	30	35	15	20
Yoruba	885	455	435	250	125	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,835	840	1,000	300	175	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	405	210	200	50	30	20
Dinka	85	50	35	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	325	155	165	45	30	10
Sign languages	7,545	2,865	4,680	1,605	555	1,045
American Sign Language	3,860	1,280	2,575	795	235	555
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	3,780	1,615	2,160	815	325	495
Sino-Tibetan languages	457,595	211,220	246,375	7,135	3,615	3,515
Chinese languages	454,885	209,850	245,030	7,115	3,610	3,500
Cantonese	234,445	108,485	125,960	1,555	730	820
Hakka	2,715	1,290	1,430	45	25	25
Mandarin	265,635	119,995	145,640	5,435	2,720	2,710
Min Dong	130	55	75	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,410	7,230	9,185	195	75	120
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,600	2,445	3,155	60	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,380	4,725	5,650	575	340	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	200	75	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,000	1,500	1,505	20	10	15
Burmese	1,490	730	755	0	0	0
Karenic languages	955	485	465	0	0	0
Tibetan	375	205	165	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	150	180	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5,635	2,190	3,450	240	110	130
Lao	1,630	735	890	20	0	10
Thai	4,275	1,535	2,740	220	100	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	6,785	3,685	3,095	620	320	300
Azerbaijani	945	510	435	20	20	0
Turkish	5,585	3,025	2,555	480	225	255
Uyghur	115	60	55	15	0	10
Uzbek	170	95	75	105	60	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	275	140	130	10	10	0
Uralic languages	15,280	7,095	8,185	430	200	230
Estonian	780	350	425	50	25	20
Finnish	4,030	1,640	2,385	120	55	70
Hungarian	10,495	5,100	5,395	255	115	140
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,045	575	470	75	40	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750	908,340	440,735	467,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015	878,415	425,340	453,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	790,485	406,970	383,510	159,440	81,575	77,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505	718,970	343,770	375,200
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	421,935	199,205	222,735	29,930	15,395	14,535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	908,340	440,730	467,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855	842,760	407,740	435,015
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	55,675	27,270	28,405
Before 1981	356,155	171,330	184,825	19,200	9,335	9,865
1981 to 1990	152,220	70,475	81,750	4,800	2,330	2,470
1991 to 2000	287,505	132,190	155,315	6,705	3,140	3,560
2001 to 2010	321,240	147,250	173,985	13,185	6,540	6,645
2001 to 2005	147,735	67,425	80,305	5,105	2,500	2,600
2006 to 2010	173,505	79,825	93,680	8,080	4,035	4,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,555	82,555	92,995	11,790	5,925	5,865
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	100,405	49,385	51,020	9,900	5,720	4,185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,292,670	603,800	688,875	55,675	27,270	28,410
Under 5 years	112,665	56,495	56,175	7,280	3,495	3,785
5 to 14 years	212,710	108,975	103,730	10,445	5,240	5,205
15 to 24 years	279,495	126,690	152,805	10,170	4,670	5,500
25 to 44 years	537,500	242,185	295,310	22,980	11,315	11,660
45 years and over	150,305	69,455	80,845	4,800	2,550	2,250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	55,680	27,270	28,410
Americas	110,850	50,515	60,330	10,610	4,830	5,780
Brazil	3,800	1,545	2,260	175	75	100
Colombia	3,915	1,720	2,195	175	90	85
El Salvador	5,425	2,710	2,715	95	50	45
Guyana	1,305	600	710	170	85	90
Haiti	570	250	315	55	30	30
Jamaica	3,505	1,770	1,735	480	210	275
Mexico	10,375	4,425	5,945	325	155	175
Peru	3,265	1,330	1,930	105	35	75
Trinidad and Tobago	2,620	1,205	1,415	220	120	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	57,780	26,425	31,355	7,375	3,320	4,055
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	8,530	9,765	1,430	675	750
Europe	319,885	156,975	162,915	22,110	11,195	10,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,570	2,230	2,345	210	115	100
Croatia	5,780	2,945	2,830	180	75	105
France	5,700	2,895	2,805	610	330	280
Germany	35,045	16,835	18,210	2,600	1,270	1,330
Greece	3,630	1,965	1,670	505	270	235
Hungary	6,175	3,145	3,030	110	40	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,890	3,090	2,795	475	225	255
Italy	15,405	8,050	7,355	525	310	215
Netherlands	18,225	9,365	8,855	1,645	790	855
Poland	15,115	6,965	8,145	630	265	365
Portugal	8,215	4,125	4,090	220	140	80
Romania	8,995	4,400	4,595	180	100	80
Russian Federation	10,920	4,700	6,215	585	270	315
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	4,480	2,225	2,260	90	45	45
Ukraine	7,500	3,520	3,980	335	145	195
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	123,810	60,975	62,835	11,275	5,815	5,460
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	19,545	20,880	1,930	985	945
Africa	42,805	21,500	21,310	3,525	1,855	1,675
Algeria	485	310	175	25	15	15
Egypt	2,705	1,480	1,225	770	395	370
Ethiopia	2,070	1,015	1,060	185	105	85
Kenya	4,705	2,175	2,535	125	75	50
Morocco	985	535	455	80	50	30
Nigeria	1,740	925	815	350	185	165
Somalia	1,080	515	570	65	30	35
South Africa, Republic of	13,375	6,700	6,675	460	205	250
Other places of birth in Africa	15,645	7,840	7,800	1,465	790	675
Asia	788,055	359,835	428,220	18,955	9,100	9,855
Afghanistan	5,040	2,550	2,490	100	40	60
Bangladesh	2,125	1,080	1,040	315	180	135
China^{Census data footnote 59}	199,990	89,145	110,845	2,830	1,140	1,685
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	74,210	34,120	40,090	280	130	155
India	162,650	79,395	83,245	2,225	1,190	1,040
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	37,160	18,890	18,270	970	525	440
Iraq	5,550	2,855	2,690	525	250	285
Japan	13,365	3,840	9,520	225	60	170
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	41,515	18,870	22,645	870	340	530
Lebanon	2,235	1,290	950	1,370	755	610
Pakistan	10,665	5,470	5,190	615	315	295
Philippines	112,100	45,890	66,210	2,570	1,035	1,540
Sri Lanka	4,585	2,360	2,230	310	140	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,845	1,450	1,400	1,150	565	580
Taiwan	38,900	17,450	21,450	225	100	120
Viet Nam	27,875	12,970	14,905	450	205	245
Other places of birth in Asia	47,255	22,215	25,045	3,930	2,130	1,795
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	31,075	14,975	16,100	480	295	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,555	82,555	92,995	11,785	5,920	5,870
Americas	14,550	7,160	7,385	1,390	675	715
Brazil	1,145	525	615	95	40	55
Colombia	580	250	325	15	0	15
Cuba	140	60	80	70	40	30
Haiti	35	35	10	20	15	0
Jamaica	625	355	265	195	100	95
Mexico	2,885	1,420	1,460	105	55	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	6,485	3,290	3,190	615	310	305
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	270	115	155	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	2,380	1,105	1,275	275	115	165
Europe	19,735	10,260	9,475	2,210	1,165	1,045
France	970	510	460	110	55	55
Germany	1,450	775	675	215	110	100
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,430	900	530	75	50	25
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	245	120	125	25	10	15
Romania	690	310	380	40	25	15
Russian Federation	1,735	620	1,110	180	75	100
Ukraine	1,230	495	735	140	55	80
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,540	3,840	2,695	1,080	620	460
Other places of birth in Europe	5,455	2,685	2,765	355	165	190
Africa	6,200	3,150	3,050	1,085	600	485
Algeria	65	40	20	15	0	10
Cameroon	65	25	35	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	80	75	55	30	25
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	0	0	0
Egypt	625	340	290	205	105	95
Eritrea	320	175	145	70	40	30
Ethiopia	305	170	140	45	35	10
Morocco	205	115	95	30	15	10
Nigeria	645	325	315	200	100	100
Somalia	355	145	215	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	815	810	80	35	45
Tunisia	80	30	45	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,745	890	860	365	220	150
Asia	131,880	60,140	71,735	7,035	3,435	3,600
Afghanistan	870	455	415	20	0	20
Bangladesh	470	230	245	80	50	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	38,105	16,965	21,140	985	465	520
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,800	770	1,030	10	0	0
India	27,460	13,780	13,680	900	490	410
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,645	4,315	4,330	260	135	125
Iraq	1,910	940	965	245	125	120
Israel	365	205	160	280	180	100
Japan	2,285	570	1,715	70	25	50
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	8,025	3,430	4,595	225	75	150
Lebanon	265	155	110	75	35	40
Nepal	310	115	195	185	95	85
Pakistan	1,965	990	975	145	80	65
Philippines	26,680	11,615	15,065	1,500	640	860
Saudi Arabia	400	180	215	125	75	50
Sri Lanka	535	265	265	100	55	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,185	1,095	1,085	890	420	460
Taiwan	2,505	970	1,530	0	0	0
Turkey	395	220	170	100	55	40
United Arab Emirates	385	195	195	70	45	20
Viet Nam	1,780	685	1,090	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Asia	4,545	1,980	2,560	715	370	345
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	3,185	1,845	1,340	70	50	20
Australia	1,920	1,130	790	35	30	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	1,265	715	550	35	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	908,340	440,735	467,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,426,450	670,440	756,010	70,310	35,320	34,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,043,860	523,340	520,520	69,125	33,765	35,360
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225	768,905	371,645	397,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	955,955	442,040	513,915	37,000	18,195	18,805
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	537,875	258,560	279,315	21,830	11,270	10,560
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	209,685	123,645	86,040	8,710	5,865	2,845
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	328,185	134,915	193,275	13,115	5,405	7,710
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	323,440	133,775	189,670	10,415	4,455	5,955
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	82,360	44,250	38,110	4,520	2,345	2,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	12,285	5,455	6,825	235	120	115
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	908,340	440,730	467,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	270,585	130,265	140,320	51,495	24,900	26,595
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	263,540	127,115	136,425	49,935	24,175	25,765
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	172,520	83,645	88,880	25,830	12,460	13,370
Métis	89,405	42,715	46,690	23,315	11,325	11,985
Inuk (Inuit)	1,610	760	855	795	385	410
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	4,350	2,090	2,260	835	425	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,695	1,060	1,635	725	300	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430	856,850	415,835	441,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750	908,340	440,735	467,610
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	135,835	65,560	70,280	18,940	9,135	9,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470	889,405	431,595	457,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	908,340	440,735	467,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	91,710	45,690	46,020	15,055	7,255	7,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90,390	45,100	45,295	14,780	7,120	7,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	79,875	39,685	40,190	11,995	5,790	6,210
Métis single ancestry	10,080	5,215	4,865	2,560	1,245	1,315
Inuit single ancestry	430	200	235	220	85	135
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,325	595	725	275	135	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	535	635	210	95	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	50	50	25	20	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	45	10	45	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	211,100	100,835	110,260	58,980	27,665	31,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	201,895	96,650	105,245	56,830	26,660	30,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,020	62,170	67,850	34,375	15,975	18,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,180	33,595	36,585	21,200	10,120	11,080
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,700	890	815	1,255	560	690
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	9,200	4,185	5,015	2,145	1,005	1,140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,865	4,050	4,810	1,850	855	995
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	75	90	135	50	80
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	35	90	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	20	30	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465	834,300	405,810	428,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	908,340	440,735	467,605
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,381,235	658,260	722,975	58,650	29,305	29,350
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	365,705	183,650	182,055	7,910	4,385	3,525
Chinese	508,480	237,805	270,670	8,640	4,210	4,435
Black	43,500	22,455	21,045	21,915	10,735	11,175
Filipino	145,025	62,505	82,520	3,400	1,485	1,920
Latin American	44,115	20,600	23,515	1,685	820	865
Arab	19,840	10,865	8,980	8,110	4,375	3,735
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,920	25,975	28,950	1,195	525	670
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	48,695	24,880	23,810	1,540	805	740
Korean	60,495	27,915	32,580	1,540	685	855
Japanese	41,230	17,435	23,800	695	295	405
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	8,760	4,280	4,485	630	300	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40,465	19,900	20,565	1,385	690	695
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775	849,690	411,430	438,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	908,340	440,730	467,610
North American Aboriginal origins	302,810	146,530	156,280	74,040	34,920	39,115
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	106,595	113,650	48,640	22,805	25,835
Inuit	2,615	1,280	1,340	1,840	830	1,010
Métis	90,515	43,460	47,050	26,025	12,435	13,585
Other North American origins	922,690	460,355	462,335	410,825	197,970	212,855
Acadian	3,940	1,960	1,980	23,700	11,050	12,650
American	78,170	37,765	40,405	7,515	3,730	3,785
Canadian	866,530	432,975	433,560	387,360	186,955	200,405
New Brunswicker	60	45	15	35	15	20
Newfoundlander	1,875	995	880	1,750	835	910
Nova Scotian	185	95	85	1,295	625	665
Ontarian	130	55	75	95	65	35
Québécois	1,830	945	880	380	190	185
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	405	175	230	20	0	15
European origins	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575	621,525	299,755	321,760
British Isles origins	1,926,040	945,580	980,460	513,725	246,085	267,645
Channel Islander	455	230	220	90	25	60
Cornish	610	340	265	105	45	65
English	1,203,540	585,700	617,845	262,375	124,610	137,765
Irish	675,135	318,455	356,675	195,865	91,260	104,605
Manx	1,810	835	975	145	70	70
Scottish	860,775	417,080	443,700	272,880	129,640	143,240
Welsh	113,905	54,260	59,645	17,135	8,105	9,030
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	122,700	59,225	63,475	18,975	8,955	10,020
French origins	388,815	184,705	204,110	149,665	70,095	79,570
Alsatian	210	95	115	25	20	10
Breton	110	45	65	15	10	10
Corsican	105	40	65	20	20	0
French	388,580	184,595	203,980	149,625	70,065	79,565
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,860	411,165	428,695	125,110	59,420	65,690
Austrian	48,510	23,030	25,485	1,775	880	895
Bavarian	225	105	120	10	10	10
Belgian	19,980	9,615	10,360	2,615	1,320	1,305
Dutch	213,670	105,040	108,630	32,045	14,640	17,410
Flemish	2,215	1,145	1,075	160	80	80
Frisian	850	425	425	50	20	30
German	603,265	294,860	308,410	97,555	46,450	51,100
Luxembourger	695	340	355	30	20	10
Swiss	31,390	15,510	15,880	2,705	1,335	1,375
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	905	425	485	140	75	60
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	166,100	180,425	14,985	7,075	7,910
Danish	58,205	27,985	30,220	3,700	1,695	2,005
Finnish	34,150	16,285	17,870	1,140	505	630
Icelandic	26,410	12,860	13,545	660	295	370
Norwegian	138,430	66,870	71,565	5,170	2,535	2,635
Swedish	110,030	51,000	59,030	3,565	1,575	1,990
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15,080	7,610	7,470	1,365	750	620
Eastern European origins	569,260	275,900	293,360	29,685	14,315	15,370
Bulgarian	4,015	1,875	2,140	280	130	145
Byelorussian	2,760	1,400	1,365	195	85	105
Czech	23,375	11,500	11,875	1,165	620	545
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	7,970	3,795	4,175	420	175	245
Estonian	4,840	2,250	2,590	345	185	165
Hungarian	56,535	27,450	29,090	2,700	1,320	1,380
Latvian	4,935	2,565	2,370	380	160	220
Lithuanian	7,225	3,465	3,755	1,150	510	635
Moldovan	1,085	510	580	10	0	10
Polish	149,635	71,605	78,030	11,575	5,525	6,050
Romanian	31,250	15,125	16,125	1,190	540	650
Russian	131,060	62,880	68,180	4,775	2,210	2,570
Slovak	11,220	5,440	5,780	610	320	290
Ukrainian	229,205	111,285	117,915	9,115	4,475	4,640
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	3,555	1,645	1,915	310	150	160
Southern European origins	334,740	164,780	169,960	28,680	13,790	14,890
Albanian	1,925	975	950	285	140	145
Bosnian	3,290	1,635	1,655	155	75	75
Catalan	120	85	30	0	0	0
Croatian	23,845	12,180	11,660	680	325	360
Cypriot	440	230	205	40	30	15
Greek	24,460	12,410	12,050	3,360	1,705	1,650
Italian	166,095	83,095	83,000	15,620	7,605	8,015
Kosovar	280	135	145	255	115	145
Macedonian	1,205	620	580	165	90	80
Maltese	2,645	1,350	1,295	440	215	220
Montenegrin	710	360	350	20	10	10
Portuguese	41,770	20,620	21,145	3,580	1,700	1,880
Serbian	12,895	6,625	6,270	255	120	135
Sicilian	545	295	255	40	20	15
Slovenian	5,555	2,725	2,825	150	70	85
Spanish	64,470	29,245	35,225	4,300	1,875	2,425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	7,080	3,360	3,725	400	205	200
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	395	200	195	85	50	40
Other European origins	34,700	17,800	16,900	5,465	2,845	2,625
Basque	840	470	375	160	75	85
Jewish	17,580	8,950	8,635	2,040	1,040	1,000
Roma (Gypsy)	805	320	485	135	110	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	965	520	450	25	25	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	14,715	7,635	7,080	3,145	1,610	1,535
Caribbean origins	25,010	12,350	12,660	5,220	2,580	2,640
Antiguan	220	115	105	100	50	55
Bahamian	255	140	110	230	105	115
Barbadian	1,870	945	930	575	300	275
Bermudan	335	155	175	185	90	100
Carib	70	50	25	45	30	10
Cuban	1,320	615	700	340	145	195
Dominican	735	330	410	150	85	65
Grenadian	380	195	185	35	20	20
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haitian	1,140	530	615	115	50	65
Jamaican	10,545	5,425	5,120	2,075	1,050	1,025
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	70	55	45	15	30
Martinican	25	0	20	10	10	0
Montserratan	25	15	10	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	570	260	310	115	40	75
St. Lucian	190	85	110	65	20	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,170	2,085	2,085	325	170	155
Vincentian/Grenadinian	415	180	230	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,120	930	1,190	785	420	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,920	945	975	330	155	180
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	33,580	36,335	3,055	1,525	1,525
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,625	1,350	1,275	185	90	100
Arawak	90	45	45	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,025	910	1,120	65	40	25
Belizean	125	60	65	25	20	10
Bolivian	375	145	230	40	20	15
Brazilian	5,455	2,465	2,990	280	140	135
Chilean	5,700	2,740	2,955	130	80	45
Colombian	5,860	2,805	3,055	430	210	225
Costa Rican	810	385	425	35	10	25
Ecuadorian	1,040	490	550	50	20	30
Guatemalan	2,575	1,310	1,265	90	65	35
Guyanese	1,925	995	935	350	160	195
Hispanic	1,535	720	810	60	35	25
Honduran	1,445	750	695	50	35	20
Maya	930	475	455	70	35	30
Mexican	23,055	11,025	12,035	810	415	395
Nicaraguan	1,520	735	785	45	20	25
Panamanian	325	140	185	25	10	15
Paraguayan	895	475	420	0	0	0
Peruvian	3,905	1,775	2,135	180	85	95
Salvadorean	6,815	3,390	3,425	110	75	35
Uruguayan	410	205	205	15	0	20
Venezuelan	1,900	915	980	80	50	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,310	1,605	1,705	185	80	105
African origins	59,985	30,635	29,345	17,655	8,560	9,095
Central and West African origins	7,075	3,810	3,265	1,335	700	635
Akan	40	30	10	10	0	10
Angolan	90	55	35	10	0	10
Ashanti	85	30	50	0	10	0
Beninese	35	20	15	20	10	10
Burkinabe	45	30	15	0	0	10
Cameroonian	150	85	70	70	35	35
Chadian	70	50	25	0	0	0
Congolese	810	405	400	180	95	85
Edo	85	55	30	0	0	0
Ewe	55	25	30	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Gambian	25	10	15	10	0	10
Ghanaian	1,600	865	730	185	105	85
Guinean	130	45	80	30	20	10
Ibo	280	160	115	90	50	40
Ivorian	100	55	50	10	0	0
Liberian	250	95	150	15	10	10
Malian	80	55	25	10	0	10
Malinké	10	0	0	15	10	10
Nigerian	2,615	1,430	1,185	445	240	210
Peulh	20	0	15	0	10	0
Senegalese	95	75	25	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	130	60	65	80	45	35
Togolese	100	70	40	70	30	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	255	135	125	65	25	45
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	620	305	315	120	65	50
North African origins	9,840	5,210	4,630	2,030	1,045	980
Algerian	770	465	305	85	45	40
Berber	210	130	80	70	50	20
Coptic	150	90	65	30	10	20
Dinka	45	25	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	4,520	2,340	2,180	1,295	695	600
Libyan	420	275	140	215	105	110
Maure	150	60	90	10	0	10
Moroccan	2,005	1,105	895	130	60	70
Sudanese	1,225	535	695	130	50	80
Tunisian	500	290	215	65	25	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	215	115	105	90	40	50
Southern and East African origins	24,800	12,345	12,450	1,865	920	945
Afrikaner	705	355	355	25	10	20
Amhara	115	60	50	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	255	140	120	10	10	0
Burundian	215	95	120	10	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,055	550	505	160	85	75
Ethiopian	2,550	1,280	1,270	280	120	155
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,615	775	845	160	85	75
Malagasy	105	65	40	20	0	15
Mauritian	975	520	450	0	0	0
Oromo	140	75	65	25	15	15
Rwandan	420	225	195	105	55	50
Seychellois	25	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	2,295	1,115	1,180	180	75	100
South African	11,060	5,510	5,550	520	255	265
Tanzanian	490	220	275	60	45	20
Tigrian	205	110	95	15	0	10
Ugandan	775	390	380	60	25	40
Zambian	210	95	110	80	35	50
Zimbabwean	855	445	405	100	55	45
Zulu	75	25	45	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,840	910	930	170	100	75
Other African origins	19,215	9,745	9,465	12,620	5,990	6,635
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,660	1,315	1,340	2,255	1,060	1,195
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	16,740	8,515	8,225	10,460	4,965	5,495
Asian origins	1,312,445	624,270	688,175	42,500	21,445	21,050
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	51,315	48,245	17,205	8,915	8,295
Afghan	7,895	4,005	3,885	230	80	150
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	5,660	3,125	2,540	1,600	835	770
Armenian	3,715	1,905	1,815	265	160	110
Assyrian	545	295	250	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	990	570	425	20	20	0
Georgian	740	380	355	20	15	10
Hazara	55	30	20	0	0	0
Iranian	47,985	24,290	23,695	1,405	785	620
Iraqi	5,575	2,860	2,715	595	270	325
Israeli	2,655	1,370	1,285	245	120	120
Jordanian	785	425	355	260	150	115
Kazakh	385	205	175	45	30	20
Kurd	2,120	1,165	950	230	120	115
Kuwaiti	125	85	40	245	115	130
Kyrgyz	175	90	85	0	0	0
Lebanese	7,980	4,175	3,805	7,445	3,815	3,630
Palestinian	2,625	1,410	1,210	990	535	455
Pashtun	360	200	160	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	975	615	360	725	470	255
Syrian	3,955	1,905	2,055	2,190	1,090	1,100
Tajik	260	135	125	20	10	10
Tatar	790	365	425	40	15	25
Turk	6,355	3,485	2,865	690	320	370
Turkmen	120	70	55	10	10	10
Uighur	130	65	60	10	10	0
Uzbek	270	150	120	90	60	30
Yemeni	300	185	115	205	105	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,635	1,340	1,295	780	410	370
South Asian origins	363,885	182,650	181,235	8,495	4,690	3,805
Bangladeshi	1,840	925	920	240	135	110
Bengali	850	405	445	65	40	20
Bhutanese	120	65	55	225	100	125
East Indian	309,315	154,795	154,520	6,255	3,460	2,795
Goan	485	245	240	10	10	0
Gujarati	700	335	365	10	0	0
Kashmiri	185	100	85	0	10	0
Nepali	1,495	690	805	430	220	210
Pakistani	12,585	6,565	6,015	665	405	260
Punjabi	38,725	19,700	19,025	230	110	115
Sinhalese	620	325	300	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	5,710	2,970	2,740	340	150	190
Tamil	1,235	670	560	60	30	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	8,245	4,070	4,170	470	290	175
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,345	393,475	461,875	16,715	7,850	8,870
Burmese	2,310	1,135	1,175	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	1,580	1,655	55	15	40
Chinese	540,155	253,065	287,090	9,695	4,720	4,980
Filipino	158,215	68,710	89,505	3,580	1,585	1,995
Hmong	130	70	60	0	0	0
Indonesian	6,625	3,115	3,510	140	65	75
Japanese	51,150	22,200	28,945	905	385	515
Karen	895	450	445	0	0	0
Korean	63,300	29,330	33,975	1,590	700	895
Laotian	2,530	1,275	1,255	15	0	10
Malaysian	5,060	2,260	2,800	80	30	45
Mongolian	1,495	740	760	55	30	30
Singaporean	1,055	490	560	10	10	0
Taiwanese	21,455	9,810	11,650	240	100	140
Thai	5,065	1,870	3,195	245	85	155
Tibetan	550	290	260	10	0	10
Vietnamese	41,435	20,205	21,230	760	355	410
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	785	310	470	75	45	25
Other Asian origins	2,500	1,250	1,250	410	190	215
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	2,500	1,250	1,255	410	190	215
Oceania origins	41,125	20,605	20,520	895	450	445
Australian	16,240	8,385	7,855	490	255	235
New Zealander	6,565	3,405	3,155	290	155	130
Pacific Islands origins	19,135	9,240	9,890	125	55	70
Fijian	14,145	6,895	7,250	15	10	10
Hawaiian	2,200	970	1,235	25	10	15
Maori	1,120	595	530	40	20	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	600	275	325	20	15	10
Samoan	485	255	230	10	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	905	440	465	30	0	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
Owner	1,279,020	...	...	276,095	...	...
Renter	599,360	...	...	123,595	...	...
Band housing	3,590	...	...	2,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
Condominium	416,770	...	...	13,370	...	...
Not condominium	1,465,200	...	...	388,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
No bedrooms	22,705	...	...	1,140	...	...
1 bedroom	311,035	...	...	45,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	514,015	...	...	105,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	513,135	...	...	158,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	521,075	...	...	90,785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	642,910	...	...	87,755	...	...
5 rooms	274,780	...	...	64,655	...	...
6 rooms	235,845	...	...	66,855	...	...
7 rooms	199,715	...	...	57,085	...	...
8 or more rooms	528,720	...	...	125,635	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,839,850	...	...	399,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	42,120	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,881,965	...	...	401,990	...	...
Suitable	1,781,905	...	...	390,445	...	...
Not suitable	100,060	...	...	11,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
1960 or before	267,560	...	...	112,530	...	...
1961 to 1980	559,485	...	...	113,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	289,565	...	...	59,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	331,865	...	...	49,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	125,335	...	...	23,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	171,945	...	...	23,925	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	136,210	...	...	19,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,763,105	...	...	366,615	...	...
Major repairs needed	118,865	...	...	35,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,091,500	...	...	241,800	...	...
2 household maintainers	725,675	...	...	152,970	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	64,790	...	...	7,220	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,881,970	...	...	401,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	58,620	...	...	14,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	253,950	...	...	49,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	304,185	...	...	59,550	...	...
45 to 54 years	378,545	...	...	77,555	...	...
55 to 64 years	390,185	...	...	85,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	288,165	...	...	66,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	152,225	...	...	35,980	...	...
85 years and over	56,085	...	...	12,405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,832,420	...	...	395,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,320,210	...	...	310,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	512,210	...	...	85,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	420,705	...	...	74,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,242,600	...	...	273,525	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.6	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.7	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	819	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,387	...	...	987	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	500,874	...	...	199,886	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	720,689	...	...	230,441	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	592,825	...	...	123,060	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.5	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.3	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,036	...	...	849	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	909	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	774,745	372,455	402,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,640	305,320	296,315	153,705	79,885	73,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,138,565	549,580	588,985	195,900	95,205	100,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310	425,140	197,365	227,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,980	250,270	88,720	76,810	54,075	22,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	142,935	83,055	59,880	42,625	25,015	17,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	196,045	167,210	28,840	34,185	29,060	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,945	280,300	420,645	168,805	67,030	101,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,010	54,420	83,585	18,380	6,975	11,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	442,880	509,360	161,150	69,290	91,855
Bachelor's degree	622,670	281,020	341,655	108,385	45,185	63,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,005	28,575	40,430	9,495	4,020	5,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,110	16,690	12,420	4,700	2,595	2,110
Master's degree	195,825	94,360	101,465	32,645	13,840	18,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35,625	22,240	13,390	5,925	3,655	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940	494,505	237,795	256,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,000	134,410	109,585	60,280	34,820	25,460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	671,010	330,835	340,175	116,280	57,600	58,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,617,965	761,790	856,175	317,950	145,375	172,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	231,445	172,290	59,155	52,370	37,255	15,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	97,350	56,920	40,435	29,105	17,300	11,810
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	134,095	115,370	18,725	23,265	19,955	3,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	528,805	210,880	317,925	128,010	51,890	76,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	99,695	39,205	60,490	11,595	4,325	7,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	758,015	339,415	418,605	125,970	51,905	74,065
Bachelor's degree	497,845	219,005	278,840	85,240	34,830	50,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	52,955	20,995	31,965	6,895	2,610	4,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	22,440	11,665	10,775	3,775	1,850	1,925
Master's degree	159,740	73,335	86,405	26,025	10,380	15,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,030	14,420	10,615	4,045	2,240	1,805
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	774,750	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	349,605	175,090	174,520
Education	144,100	34,915	109,185	31,395	8,460	22,930
13. Education	144,100	34,910	109,185	31,390	8,465	22,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	44,465	54,275	10,700	5,095	5,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,970	12,880	4,090	2,070	1,565	505
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	31,580	50,185	8,635	3,530	5,100
Humanities	124,600	49,025	75,575	18,830	7,520	11,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,235	3,675	11,555	1,175	355	820
23. English language and literature/letters	34,710	10,845	23,865	5,110	1,530	3,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	13,670	22,050	4,545	1,540	3,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	585	210	375	65	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,710	4,050	2,660	1,240	675	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,275	7,400	4,880	2,200	1,340	860
54. History	15,780	8,475	7,300	3,615	1,865	1,755
55. French language and literature/letters	3,580	705	2,880	880	190	695
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,990	87,960	158,025	40,155	11,980	28,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,120	1,060	3,060	635	145	490
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,180	8,505	14,680	3,285	1,260	2,025
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	3,285	34,785	9,115	750	8,365
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	13,545	24,955	6,110	1,920	4,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,325	1,345	2,985	610	135	475
42. Psychology	43,230	12,480	30,750	8,170	2,060	6,110
45. Social sciences	94,560	47,755	46,810	12,240	5,710	6,520
Business, management and public administration	426,460	166,470	259,990	93,075	27,030	66,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	775	215	560	205	55	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,520	5,960	20,565	6,285	1,345	4,940
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	160,295	238,865	86,590	25,630	60,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,425	46,070	40,355	15,340	7,650	7,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,760	16,800	19,960	6,910	2,990	3,925
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	9,400	9,620	3,340	1,455	1,880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	835	225	610	165	35	120
40. Physical sciences	26,370	18,395	7,975	4,260	3,005	1,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	1,255	2,185	665	165	500
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,070	51,490	28,575	15,745	9,355	6,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	43,900	18,890	12,750	8,055	4,695
25. Library science	5,560	755	4,805	1,210	175	1,040
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,875	6,295	4,580	1,590	995	600
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	835	540	300	200	135	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,670	388,335	39,340	92,920	87,340	5,580
04. Architecture and related services	15,490	9,985	5,505	1,370	860	510
14. Engineering	98,455	81,055	17,395	11,925	10,290	1,640
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,500	60,490	8,010	17,805	16,110	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	90	25	65	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	100,765	97,615	3,150	24,800	24,235	570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,720	94,520	3,200	25,465	24,680	780
48. Precision production	46,660	44,650	2,015	11,545	11,165	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	31,680	18,525	7,630	4,615	3,015
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	13,670	11,275	4,215	2,160	2,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	18,010	7,250	3,410	2,450	960
Health and related fields	322,715	65,735	256,975	66,770	10,595	56,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,740	11,920	11,820	3,560	1,730	1,825
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	48,985	241,655	61,755	7,955	53,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,330	4,835	3,495	1,460	910	550
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	61,605	61,250	32,535	17,700	14,830
12. Personal and culinary services	79,740	24,860	54,885	17,625	4,455	13,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	290	30	250	240	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	1,120	115	905	850	50
43. Security and protective services	13,935	10,390	3,545	4,540	3,535	1,005
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	24,945	2,680	9,220	8,625	600
Other	355	115	240	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	350	115	240	50	10	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935	494,505	237,795	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	915,015	465,250	449,765	176,560	92,420	84,135
Education	96,005	21,035	74,970	20,590	4,940	15,650
13. Education	96,010	21,035	74,975	20,585	4,940	15,650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	77,655	34,430	43,225	8,145	3,855	4,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,710	9,580	3,130	1,515	1,140	375
50. Visual and performing arts	64,940	24,845	40,090	6,630	2,715	3,915
Humanities	93,605	35,490	58,115	13,745	5,275	8,465
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,710	2,510	9,195	895	280	615
23. English language and literature/letters	25,665	7,810	17,850	3,800	1,095	2,705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,260	10,505	17,750	3,425	1,125	2,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	425	170	255	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,970	2,960	2,010	910	490	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,330	4,945	3,385	1,330	795	535
54. History	11,805	6,140	5,665	2,710	1,340	1,370
55. French language and literature/letters	2,445	455	2,000	620	130	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	196,450	67,000	129,450	32,650	9,150	23,500
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,460	845	2,615	520	110	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	19,685	6,940	12,750	2,750	1,030	1,720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,855	2,505	27,350	7,395	580	6,810
22. Legal professions and studies	31,190	9,665	21,525	5,225	1,380	3,845
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,540	1,110	2,425	460	100	355
42. Psychology	33,055	8,845	24,210	6,545	1,580	4,970
45. Social sciences	75,665	37,095	38,575	9,755	4,360	5,390
Business, management and public administration	335,220	128,975	206,245	69,255	20,285	48,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	540	170	365	175	40	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	20,695	4,240	16,455	5,140	1,025	4,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	313,985	124,565	189,425	63,935	19,220	44,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	63,705	32,325	31,385	11,075	5,385	5,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	28,505	12,595	15,915	5,285	2,240	3,045
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,825	6,570	7,260	2,390	1,030	1,360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	645	160	485	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	18,525	12,250	6,270	2,910	2,005	905
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,210	750	1,460	365	85	275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	68,660	44,820	23,840	13,625	8,240	5,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	56,390	39,660	16,725	11,505	7,330	4,170
25. Library science	3,830	545	3,290	815	115	700
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,760	4,185	3,570	1,130	660	470
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	680	430	250	175	125	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	310,855	277,375	33,475	67,930	63,180	4,750
04. Architecture and related services	12,110	7,240	4,875	1,020	585	430
14. Engineering	76,935	61,380	15,560	8,585	7,230	1,355
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	48,690	42,285	6,405	13,410	11,920	1,495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	20	45	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	72,800	70,225	2,570	18,355	17,835	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	69,025	66,545	2,480	18,540	17,910	625
48. Precision production	31,225	29,690	1,535	8,020	7,700	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	39,360	23,810	15,555	5,995	3,475	2,520
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	18,965	9,875	9,090	3,270	1,570	1,695
03. Natural resources and conservation	20,395	13,930	6,470	2,725	1,905	825
Health and related fields	244,975	50,520	194,460	50,220	8,215	42,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,900	9,380	9,520	2,730	1,350	1,380
51. Health professions and related programs	219,800	37,800	182,000	46,385	6,215	40,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,285	3,340	2,940	1,110	650	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	91,185	45,925	45,265	24,685	13,375	11,310
12. Personal and culinary services	58,820	18,880	39,945	13,490	3,480	10,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	195	165	30	205	200	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	570	505	65	475	435	40
43. Security and protective services	11,175	8,110	3,060	3,465	2,655	815
49. Transportation and materials moving	20,430	18,265	2,165	7,045	6,595	450
Other	275	85	185	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	270	85	185	50	10	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	774,745	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	349,605	175,090	174,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305	425,145	197,365	227,775
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,550	785,340	840,205	396,690	182,875	213,810
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	593,275	650,635	315,140	141,965	173,175
Different than province or territory of residence	381,645	192,070	189,575	81,550	40,915	40,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	504,630	242,530	262,100	28,450	14,485	13,965
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	74,030	40,425	33,610	7,950	4,110	3,840
Philippines	56,845	20,455	36,395	1,530	540	995
India	44,115	22,045	22,065	1,755	935	825
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	58,825	31,920	26,910	5,530	3,225	2,305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	61,840	27,630	34,210	1,080	445	635
France	4,385	2,360	2,025	350	210	145
Other	204,580	97,700	106,885	10,255	5,030	5,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935	494,510	237,800	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	915,015	465,250	449,765	176,560	92,420	84,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,617,960	761,790	856,170	317,950	145,380	172,575
Location of study inside Canada	1,239,640	589,155	650,490	297,430	135,465	161,965
Same as province or territory of residence	970,485	454,780	515,700	236,720	105,480	131,235
Different than province or territory of residence	269,155	134,375	134,785	60,710	29,980	30,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	378,325	172,640	205,685	20,525	9,915	10,605
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50,095	26,175	23,920	4,905	2,370	2,540
Philippines	48,935	17,385	31,555	1,415	520	900
India	36,800	17,455	19,345	1,385	725	660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	32,890	17,360	15,530	3,455	1,930	1,525
China^{Census data footnote 162}	53,570	23,445	30,125	810	335	475
France	3,505	1,885	1,615	245	140	100
Other	152,530	68,935	83,595	8,305	3,900	4,405
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610	774,750	372,455	402,290
In the labour force	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	474,595	242,775	231,820
Employed	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	427,310	215,010	212,305
Unemployed	165,975	91,385	74,590	47,280	27,765	19,520
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	596,935	801,775	300,155	129,680	170,475
Participation rate	63.9	68.3	59.7	61.3	65.2	57.6
Employment rate	59.6	63.4	55.9	55.2	57.7	52.8
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.1	6.3	10.0	11.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	774,750	372,455	402,295
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,290,235	547,350	742,885	274,375	117,550	156,825
Worked	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720	500,370	254,905	245,465
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,183,405	675,950	507,460	252,820	135,940	116,880
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,396,735	659,470	737,260	247,550	118,965	128,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.1	41.6	41.5	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835	474,590	242,775	231,820
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,555	9,265	4,800	4,470
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275	465,330	237,975	227,350
Employee	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840	420,745	210,170	210,570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	343,395	209,955	133,430	44,585	27,805	16,775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	474,595	242,775	231,820
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,560	9,265	4,800	4,470
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270	465,330	237,975	227,350
0 Management occupations	275,000	168,820	106,180	45,530	27,170	18,365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	368,940	106,205	262,740	67,495	17,930	49,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	161,520	127,060	34,460	27,450	21,980	5,465
3 Health occupations	162,865	35,775	127,095	37,600	6,290	31,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	269,255	87,765	181,485	58,165	20,975	37,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	93,100	44,855	48,245	12,490	5,560	6,930
6 Sales and service occupations	595,225	251,490	343,735	113,135	45,385	67,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	360,970	339,660	21,315	67,625	64,200	3,430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	64,235	47,530	16,700	18,380	15,730	2,650
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	76,745	55,430	21,315	17,460	12,755	4,705
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	474,595	242,775	231,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,250	22,555	9,265	4,795	4,465
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270	465,330	237,975	227,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65,205	42,840	22,360	17,775	14,165	3,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25,920	21,810	4,115	4,025	3,630	390
22 Utilities	12,445	8,915	3,535	2,880	2,115	760
23 Construction	199,985	175,195	24,790	33,555	30,185	3,370
31-33 Manufacturing	157,560	113,945	43,615	32,375	23,565	8,810
41 Wholesale trade	82,105	55,530	26,580	13,345	9,650	3,690
44-45 Retail trade	283,135	129,985	153,150	59,570	26,295	33,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	128,400	98,580	29,815	19,660	14,980	4,680
51 Information and cultural industries	67,225	41,065	26,155	9,310	5,250	4,055
52 Finance and insurance	93,805	38,430	55,380	15,240	5,690	9,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	54,995	29,515	25,475	6,870	3,890	2,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	196,670	107,680	88,990	26,065	14,090	11,975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,320	1,975	2,345	625	255	365
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	109,095	62,325	46,775	22,240	12,950	9,295
61 Educational services	173,820	56,455	117,365	35,480	11,705	23,780
62 Health care and social assistance	270,855	52,320	218,530	64,390	10,435	53,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,940	29,050	28,895	9,385	4,555	4,835
72 Accommodation and food services	207,045	86,555	120,490	33,115	12,095	21,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	112,335	47,960	64,375	19,195	8,875	10,320
91 Public administration	125,000	64,450	60,545	40,225	23,590	16,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	427,310	215,010	212,300
Worked at home	196,510	95,515	100,990	28,075	13,780	14,300
Worked outside Canada	16,040	11,285	4,760	1,665	1,185	485
No fixed workplace address	326,180	243,130	83,050	51,545	38,965	12,575
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,410	382,105	482,305	251,000	116,125	134,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	405,435	402,400	57,510	23,850	33,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	47,820	33,930	32,230	17,425	14,805
Commute to a different province or territory	12,965	9,160	3,805	5,285	3,675	1,610
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490	397,570	200,045	197,525
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	803,485	672,095	310,240	159,660	150,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,580	49,075	65,500	29,150	12,090	17,055
Public transit	274,205	117,830	156,375	25,315	11,425	13,890
Walked	142,310	62,395	79,920	24,870	11,635	13,235
Bicycle	51,350	32,665	18,680	2,480	1,695	785
Other method	35,115	22,195	12,915	5,520	3,535	1,985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	397,565	200,045	197,525
Less than 15 minutes	601,950	276,005	325,950	136,245	62,375	73,880
15 to 29 minutes	689,520	353,590	335,925	145,310	73,055	72,260
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	237,995	187,685	69,795	37,770	32,025
45 to 59 minutes	184,690	104,220	80,465	24,405	13,070	11,335
60 minutes and over	191,305	115,840	75,470	21,815	13,785	8,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	397,570	200,045	197,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,370	101,315	41,050	23,775	16,345	7,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	214,795	127,700	76,185	44,615	31,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,485	271,110	255,375	119,920	60,740	59,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,210	202,910	267,295	83,505	32,835	50,670
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,185	125,470	166,715	35,470	14,005	21,465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,400	172,045	147,355	58,715	31,510	27,205
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	514,080	261,365	252,710
Single responses	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710	510,800	259,940	250,860
Official languages	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015	509,100	258,990	250,105
English	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530	502,960	256,380	246,585
French	6,140	1,660	4,485	6,135	2,615	3,525
Non-official languages	84,500	44,805	39,705	1,705	950	755
Aboriginal languages	260	75	180	650	350	295
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	650	355	295
Blackfoot	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	645	350	290
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	645	355	295
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	30	85	0	0	0
Comox	10	0	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	0	15	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	30	10	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	10	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	10	0	10	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	84,245	44,730	39,520	1,055	600	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	440	295	145	195	150	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	295	135	190	150	45
Amharic	15	15	0	10	0	10
Arabic	320	235	85	165	135	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	20	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	30	50	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,165	1,345	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	30	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,460	1,140	1,325	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	825	385	440	15	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	65	35	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	320	375	20	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	23,765	13,305	10,460	385	225	160
Albanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	950	440	510	30	20	15
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	935	435	500	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	40	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	115	50	70	0	0	0
Russian	565	255	315	25	20	10
Serbian	95	55	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	805	465	335	190	115	75
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	15	0	10	10	10
Dutch	120	70	45	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	590	330	260	155	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	25	20	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yiddish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	0
Greek	55	25	30	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	19,805	11,280	8,535	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	18,715	10,560	8,160	20	20	0
Bengali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	15	25	0	0	0
Hindi	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,295	10,310	7,985	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,085	720	365	30	10	15
Kurdish	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,060	700	360	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,140	1,085	1,060	105	50	60
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	110	50	60	10	10	0
Portuguese	515	255	260	30	15	15
Romanian	70	45	25	0	0	0
Spanish	1,435	725	710	75	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	1,730	650	1,080	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	5,585	3,005	2,585	50	20	25
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	15	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	280	90	190	45	20	25
American Sign Language	215	45	165	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	25	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	48,735	25,645	23,085	310	165	145
Chinese languages	48,645	25,595	23,055	305	165	145
Cantonese	23,555	12,020	11,535	80	45	35
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,835	12,935	10,900	210	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	120	85	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	20	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	985	485	500	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	50	30	0	0	0
Burmese	25	15	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	55	35	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	110	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	165	65	105	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	40	15	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	10	10	0
Multiple responses	48,205	23,795	24,410	3,270	1,420	1,850
English and French	4,210	1,865	2,345	2,295	950	1,345
English and non-official language	43,480	21,760	21,720	930	460	470
French and non-official language	55	30	25	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	465	145	320	40	15	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	514,075	261,365	252,710
None	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420	491,875	250,710	241,170
English	36,505	18,270	18,235	5,115	2,370	2,745
French	22,465	10,170	12,300	13,405	6,555	6,855
Non-official language	110,375	54,925	55,455	3,430	1,600	1,825
Aboriginal	1,860	630	1,225	855	365	490
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	54,295	54,225	2,570	1,240	1,330
English and French	60	40	15	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,155	545	610	0	10	0
French and non-official language	2,070	980	1,090	230	130	105
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295	900,450	436,790	463,660
Non-movers	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945	792,100	384,560	407,535
Movers	705,440	347,095	358,345	108,350	52,230	56,120
Non-migrants	386,620	189,765	196,855	68,165	32,930	35,235
Migrants	318,825	157,335	161,490	40,185	19,300	20,885
Internal migrants	249,960	123,425	126,540	33,720	16,055	17,665
Intraprovincial migrants	188,225	92,150	96,070	18,480	8,390	10,090
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	31,275	30,465	15,240	7,665	7,570
External migrants	68,860	33,910	34,950	6,470	3,240	3,225
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180	866,425	419,580	446,845
Non-movers	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905	582,705	283,125	299,575
Movers	1,849,425	904,145	945,275	283,720	136,455	147,265
Non-migrants	940,895	460,185	480,710	169,570	81,405	88,165
Migrants	908,535	443,965	464,570	114,150	55,045	59,100
Internal migrants	672,805	329,700	343,105	94,885	45,015	49,860
Intraprovincial migrants	503,685	245,895	257,795	50,330	23,230	27,095
Interprovincial migrants	169,115	83,805	85,310	44,555	21,785	22,770
External migrants	235,730	114,265	121,465	19,270	10,035	9,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. British Columbia [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]