Census Profile, 2016 Census
Richmond Centre [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Keremeos [Population centre], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Richmond Centre British Columbia [Federal electoral district]			Keremeos British Columbia [Population centre]
	Data quality , Richmond Centre [Federal electoral district], British Columbia Map : Richmond Centre [Federal electoral district], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Keremeos [Population centre], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	98,396	...	...	1,714	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	93,863	...	...	1,479^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.8	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	39,532	...	...	874	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	37,103	...	...	816	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,276.0	...	...	602.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	43.23	...	...	2.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	98,395	46,610	51,790	1,715	825	890
0 to 14 years	12,975	6,630	6,340	180	90	90
0 to 4 years	4,275	2,145	2,125	50	25	25
5 to 9 years	4,185	2,130	2,060	60	30	35
10 to 14 years	4,515	2,360	2,155	70	40	25
15 to 64 years	67,920	31,990	35,930	775	370	405
15 to 19 years	5,775	3,000	2,775	70	35	35
20 to 24 years	7,000	3,580	3,420	30	15	15
25 to 29 years	7,125	3,525	3,605	50	25	25
30 to 34 years	6,170	2,995	3,175	55	25	25
35 to 39 years	5,380	2,545	2,835	60	30	30
40 to 44 years	6,000	2,545	3,450	55	25	30
45 to 49 years	7,415	3,220	4,195	65	30	35
50 to 54 years	8,130	3,705	4,425	100	50	50
55 to 59 years	7,885	3,565	4,320	125	55	70
60 to 64 years	7,040	3,305	3,730	165	75	90
65 years and over	17,505	7,990	9,520	765	365	395
65 to 69 years	6,140	2,900	3,240	230	105	125
70 to 74 years	3,770	1,810	1,955	175	85	90
75 to 79 years	3,055	1,390	1,665	135	75	60
80 to 84 years	2,295	1,050	1,245	110	60	45
85 years and over	2,245	830	1,415	105	35	70
85 to 89 years	1,385	565	820	65	20	40
90 to 94 years	635	210	425	30	10	20
95 to 99 years	185	50	135	10	5	10
100 years and over	40	5	30	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.2	14.2	12.2	10.5	10.9	10.1
15 to 64 years	69.0	68.6	69.4	45.2	44.8	45.5
65 years and over	17.8	17.1	18.4	44.6	44.2	44.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.7	6.1	4.2	7.9
Average age of the population	42.7	41.6	43.7	55.2	54.3	56.1
Median age of the population	44.1	42.2	45.4	62.3	61.7	62.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	37,100	...	...	815	...	...
Single-detached house	13,355	...	...	590	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,030	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	16,710	...	...	145	...	...
Semi-detached house	765	...	...	20	...	...
Row house	5,280	...	...	40	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,840	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,820	...	...	30	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	15	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	37,105	...	...	815	...	...
1 person	8,595	...	...	260	...	...
2 persons	11,765	...	...	410	...	...
3 persons	7,450	...	...	65	...	...
4 persons	5,820	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	3,470	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	97,425	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	85,420	39,975	45,445	1,535	735	800
Married or living common law	50,890	24,925	25,960	975	485	490
Married	47,420	23,190	24,225	850	420	430
Living common law	3,470	1,730	1,735	120	60	60
Not married and not living common law	34,535	15,055	19,485	560	250	310
Never married	24,075	12,315	11,760	225	130	95
Separated	1,625	580	1,040	40	20	20
Divorced	4,750	1,455	3,300	125	60	60
Widowed	4,085	700	3,385	170	40	130
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	28,885	...	...	550	...	...
2 persons	13,375	...	...	430	...	...
3 persons	8,060	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	5,905	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	1,545	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	28,890	...	...	545	...	...
Total couple families	24,000	...	...	475	...	...
Married couples	22,265	...	...	415	...	...
Common-law couples	1,735	...	...	60	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,885	...	...	70	...	...
Female parent	4,130	...	...	55	...	...
Male parent	760	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	24,005	...	...	475	...	...
Couples without children	10,150	...	...	375	...	...
Couples with children	13,850	...	...	100	...	...
1 child	6,720	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	5,655	...	...	45	...	...
3 or more children	1,485	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,885	...	...	75	...	...
1 child	3,220	...	...	50	...	...
2 children	1,350	...	...	20	...	...
3 or more children	315	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,770	6,040	8,730	340	145	195
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	37,105	...	...	815	...	...
One-census-family households	25,460	...	...	525	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	8,685	...	...	365	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,780	...	...	160	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,660	...	...	15	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,980	...	...	285	...	...
One-person households	8,595	...	...	255	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,390	...	...	20	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	97,620	46,335	51,280	1,680	815	865
English only	81,050	39,140	41,915	1,575	765	805
French only	25	15	10	0	0	5
English and French	4,485	2,085	2,400	75	35	40
Neither English nor French	12,060	5,100	6,960	25	15	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	97,620	46,335	51,280	1,680	815	870
English	84,590	40,755	43,835	1,615	780	830
French	505	275	225	35	15	20
English and French	595	270	325	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	11,925	5,030	6,900	30	15	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	805	415	390	40	20	20
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.8	0.9	0.8	2.4	2.5	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	97,620	46,335	51,285	1,680	815	865
Single responses	93,945	44,575	49,365	1,665	800	855
Official languages	30,345	15,600	14,745	1,480	720	765
English	29,860	15,335	14,530	1,435	695	740
French	480	270	215	40	20	25
Non-official languages	63,600	28,970	34,625	180	90	90
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,590	28,970	34,615	175	85	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	755	415	345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	700	385	315	0	0	0
Amharic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Arabic	535	295	240	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	65	55	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	120	160	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	260	110	150	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,045	1,705	2,345	5	0	5
Bikol	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	120	50	70	0	0	0
Fijian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ilocano	165	75	90	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	205	90	115	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	40	45	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,355	1,410	1,945	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	175	90	85	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tamil	100	50	50	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,750	3,235	3,510	155	80	75
Albanian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Armenian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,865	875	990	25	5	15
Baltic languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,845	870	985	25	5	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Croatian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Czech	85	45	40	5	5	5
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	150	70	80	5	0	0
Russian	1,075	490	580	5	0	0
Serbian	100	55	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	195	75	115	10	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	870	440	425	50	30	20
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0	0	0
Danish	55	35	25	0	0	0
Dutch	165	85	80	15	10	5
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	555	270	280	35	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	25	15	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	150	75	75	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,535	1,205	1,330	60	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages	2,055	970	1,085	60	35	25
Bengali	45	25	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	220	100	125	0	5	0
Hindi	345	150	195	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,020	490	525	55	30	25
Sindhi	85	35	50	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Urdu	290	135	155	0	0	0
Iranian languages	470	230	235	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	440	215	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,275	595	670	15	10	10
Catalan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	135	75	60	5	0	0
Portuguese	190	100	90	10	5	5
Romanian	120	60	65	0	0	0
Spanish	820	365	455	0	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	1,090	410	675	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	595	255	340	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	49,400	22,510	26,890	5	0	5
Chinese languages	49,315	22,470	26,835	0	0	5
Cantonese	22,870	10,535	12,335	5	0	0
Hakka	210	95	115	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,145	10,480	12,665	0	0	0
Min Dong	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,435	660	775	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	710	295	415	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	900	390	515	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	40	50	0	0	0
Burmese	75	25	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	25	70	10	0	5
Lao	10	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	85	20	65	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	205	115	90	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	185	105	85	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	100	45	55	5	0	5
Estonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	10	0	5	0
Hungarian	75	30	40	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,675	1,760	1,915	20	10	10
English and French	120	70	60	5	0	0
English and non-official language	3,465	1,650	1,820	15	10	5
French and non-official language	30	10	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	55	35	20	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	97,620	46,335	51,285	1,680	810	870
Single responses	87,945	41,815	46,125	1,655	800	855
Official languages	42,030	20,890	21,140	1,575	760	815
English	41,870	20,805	21,060	1,560	755	805
French	165	90	80	20	5	10
Non-official languages	45,915	20,925	24,985	80	40	40
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	45,910	20,925	24,985	80	40	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	200	190	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	370	190	180	0	0	0
Amharic	10	0	5	0	0	0
Arabic	295	160	140	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	65	50	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	55	45	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,755	795	965	0	0	0
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	15	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	70	35	40	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,580	715	865	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	5	10	0	0	0
Tamil	65	35	30	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,055	1,405	1,650	75	35	35
Albanian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,035	480	550	0	0	5
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,025	480	545	0	0	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	30	10	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	40	15	20	0	0	0
Russian	745	345	400	0	0	5
Serbian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	45	55	15	5	5
Afrikaans	10	5	5	5	0	0
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	65	30	40	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,195	550	650	55	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages	920	415	505	50	30	25
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	100	45	60	0	0	5
Hindi	115	50	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	210	265	50	30	20
Sindhi	35	10	25	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	160	75	80	0	0	0
Iranian languages	270	130	140	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	255	120	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	640	290	350	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	105	50	55	10	5	0
Romanian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Spanish	460	200	265	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	575	245	330	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	350	150	195	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	39,380	17,920	21,460	0	0	0
Chinese languages	39,335	17,900	21,440	0	0	0
Cantonese	18,360	8,280	10,080	0	0	0
Hakka	70	30	40	0	0	0
Mandarin	19,200	8,855	10,345	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	690	315	370	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	385	165	220	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	620	245	370	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Burmese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	5	5	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	15	20	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	95	50	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	9,670	4,520	5,155	25	10	15
English and French	60	35	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	9,520	4,435	5,085	25	10	10
French and non-official language	15	5	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	97,615	46,335	51,285	1,675	815	865
None	68,780	32,845	35,930	1,590	760	825
English	15,075	7,110	7,960	25	15	15
French	395	175	220	15	10	0
Non-official language	12,795	5,940	6,855	50	25	25
Aboriginal	20	5	5	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	12,775	5,930	6,845	45	20	20
English and French	40	25	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	420	180	240	10	5	5
French and non-official language	105	60	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	84,470	39,635	44,830	1,485	710	765
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	80,475	37,705	42,770	1,440	695	745
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,467	28,495	21,742	23,592	27,392	21,365
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	80,610	37,840	42,775	1,445	700	745
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	22,949	25,776	21,018	22,528	25,328	20,944
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,285	33,820	37,460	1,190	590	600
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,852	29,881	20,984	16,907	20,800	13,536
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	58,985	24,885	34,100	1,235	575	660
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,444	720	2,145	12,395	13,968	11,456
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	54,340	26,915	27,430	760	390	375
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,272	32,082	24,768	15,760	15,019	16,096
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	84,450	39,660	44,785	1,420	695	730
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,520	37,660	42,865	1,390	680	715
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,803	44,261	32,130	31,448	37,909	25,322
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,660	37,790	42,870	1,390	675	715
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,687	35,912	27,962	27,948	33,069	23,091
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,340	33,725	37,610	1,165	590	580
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,225	45,709	31,515	26,002	32,132	19,733
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,105	24,995	34,110	1,230	570	655
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,363	5,005	5,626	11,030	11,949	10,239
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,300	26,935	27,365	730	385	345
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,247	47,174	33,428	27,746	32,764	22,221
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	84,450	39,660	44,790	1,420	690	730
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	21,225	11,810	9,415	195	120	80
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,367	55,862	47,126	46,436	52,314	39,697
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	63,872	71,306	54,552	50,190	55,957	41,495
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.3	86.1	69.2	72.2	64.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.5	75.5	66.7	44.2	45.4	42.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.7	13.9	31.1	27.5	35.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	84,470	39,635	44,830	1,480	710	770
Without total income	3,995	1,935	2,065	40	15	20
With total income	80,475	37,705	42,770	1,440	695	745
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.1	95.4	97.3	97.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	18,890	8,155	10,735	180	75	105
$10,000 to $19,999	16,240	6,820	9,415	410	165	245
$20,000 to $29,999	10,160	4,450	5,710	305	145	165
$30,000 to $39,999	8,185	3,645	4,535	165	85	85
$40,000 to $49,999	6,605	3,110	3,490	115	60	55
$50,000 to $59,999	5,095	2,485	2,610	100	65	35
$60,000 to $69,999	3,975	2,140	1,830	65	35	30
$70,000 to $79,999	2,840	1,570	1,275	25	20	5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,200	985	20	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,525	880	645	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	4,780	3,245	1,540	35	30	5
$100,000 to $149,999	3,160	2,065	1,095	25	25	5
$150,000 and over	1,620	1,175	440	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	84,470	39,640	44,830	1,485	715	770
Without after-tax income	3,855	1,800	2,060	40	15	25
With after-tax income	80,610	37,840	42,775	1,445	700	745
Percentage with after-tax income	95.4	95.5	95.4	97.3	97.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,505	8,570	10,930	195	80	115
$10,000 to $19,999	16,880	7,185	9,695	420	180	240
$20,000 to $29,999	11,760	5,175	6,585	330	150	180
$30,000 to $39,999	9,210	4,195	5,010	185	95	90
$40,000 to $49,999	7,105	3,380	3,725	125	70	55
$50,000 to $59,999	5,325	2,815	2,510	85	50	35
$60,000 to $69,999	3,455	1,890	1,565	45	30	10
$70,000 to $79,999	2,345	1,305	1,040	25	15	10
$80,000 and over	5,030	3,320	1,710	35	25	10
$80,000 to $89,999	1,555	935	620	10	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	965	615	355	5	10	0
$100,000 and over	2,505	1,770	740	20	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	84,470	39,640	44,830	1,485	710	770
Without employment income	30,130	12,725	17,400	725	325	395
With employment income	54,340	26,910	27,425	765	385	375
Percentage with employment income	64.3	67.9	61.2	51.5	54.2	48.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,545	3,775	4,765	220	105	110
$5,000 to $9,999	4,790	2,105	2,685	90	50	40
$10,000 to $19,999	8,250	3,770	4,480	125	65	60
$20,000 to $29,999	6,590	3,145	3,445	80	35	45
$30,000 to $39,999	5,710	2,640	3,070	70	30	40
$40,000 to $49,999	5,030	2,370	2,660	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	3,795	1,875	1,920	35	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	2,925	1,680	1,245	35	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	2,210	1,255	950	15	15	5
$80,000 and over	6,490	4,295	2,205	50	35	10
$80,000 to $89,999	1,705	975	730	10	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220	740	485	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	3,565	2,580	985	25	20	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	37,105	...	...	815	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,154	...	...	43,808	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,364	...	...	41,344	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	8,595	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,587	...	...	23,936	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,722	...	...	23,381	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	28,510	...	...	560	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,768	...	...	55,040	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,986	...	...	50,603	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	37,125	...	...	795	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,993	...	...	54,946	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,848	...	...	48,829	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,600	...	...	260	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,137	...	...	31,465	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,119	...	...	28,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	28,525	...	...	540	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,311	...	...	66,256	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,016	...	...	58,603	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	37,100	...	...	815	...	...
Under $5,000	1,850	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	865	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,180	...	...	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,770	...	...	65	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,560	...	...	60	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,895	...	...	60	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,710	...	...	65	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	...	...	65	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,520	...	...	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,485	...	...	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,745	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,540	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,240	...	...	50	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,925	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,370	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,395	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,305	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,435	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,230	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	37,105	...	...	815	...	...
Under $5,000	1,960	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	865	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,205	...	...	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,815	...	...	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,755	...	...	70	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,150	...	...	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,045	...	...	75	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,850	...	...	75	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765	...	...	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,650	...	...	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,160	...	...	80	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,740	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,370	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,065	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,915	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,165	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,860	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,890	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	27,760	...	...	545	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,336	...	...	54,848	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,495	...	...	50,475	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	8,410	...	...	355	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,285	...	...	50,720	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,790	...	...	47,488	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	13,825	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,806	...	...	87,808	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	79,621	...	...	79,360	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,390	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,904	...	...	42,752	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,411	...	...	41,344	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	27,775	...	...	510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,097	...	...	66,078	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,753	...	...	58,397	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	8,410	...	...	345	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,154	...	...	60,990	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,354	...	...	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	13,765	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,482	...	...	97,047	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,206	...	...	82,381	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,405	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,103	...	...	46,758	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,916	...	...	43,162	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,740	5,095	6,650	300	130	175
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,419	27,570	25,689	23,501	23,328	23,872
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,759	25,522	24,324	23,040	22,848	23,360
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	11,655	4,995	6,660	335	145	195
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,942	40,139	34,543	30,027	31,363	29,031
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,633	33,668	30,106	27,173	27,821	26,689
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	97,425	46,260	51,165	1,660	805	855
In the bottom half of the distribution	56,355	26,180	30,175	1,200	580	625
In the bottom decile	18,200	8,355	9,845	215	105	115
In the second decile	12,090	5,530	6,560	320	150	170
In the third decile	9,510	4,455	5,055	235	115	120
In the fourth decile	8,330	3,935	4,395	210	105	110
In the fifth decile	8,220	3,905	4,320	215	105	110
In the top half of the distribution	41,070	20,085	20,985	455	225	230
In the sixth decile	8,240	3,870	4,375	160	80	80
In the seventh decile	8,095	3,960	4,135	95	45	50
In the eighth decile	8,120	4,010	4,105	70	35	35
In the ninth decile	8,210	4,045	4,170	80	40	35
In the top decile	8,410	4,200	4,210	55	30	25
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	97,425	46,265	51,165	1,660	805	855
0 to 17 years	16,285	8,310	7,975	220	120	105
0 to 5 years	5,025	2,530	2,500	60	30	30
18 to 64 years	64,425	30,220	34,205	725	340	385
65 years and over	16,715	7,730	8,985	715	350	370
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	24,870	11,410	13,465	385	180	205
0 to 17 years	4,895	2,485	2,415	65	40	20
0 to 5 years	1,505	755	750	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	15,960	7,170	8,795	165	65	100
65 years and over	4,010	1,755	2,255	155	75	85
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	25.5	24.7	26.3	23.2	22.4	24.0
0 to 17 years (%)	30.1	29.9	30.3	29.5	33.3	19.0
0 to 5 years (%)	30.0	29.8	30.0	25.0	33.3	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	24.8	23.7	25.7	22.8	19.1	26.0
65 years and over (%)	24.0	22.7	25.1	21.7	21.4	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20,055	9,175	10,880	110	50	60
0 to 17 years	4,045	2,055	1,995	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	1,235	630	610	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	13,595	6,140	7,460	75	35	45
65 years and over	2,410	980	1,430	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	20.6	19.8	21.3	6.6	6.2	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	24.8	24.7	25.0	6.8	4.2	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	24.6	24.9	24.4	8.3	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	21.1	20.3	21.8	10.3	10.3	11.7
65 years and over (%)	14.4	12.7	15.9	2.1	1.4	2.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	97,400	46,315	51,080	1,580	795	785
Official languages	85,440	41,190	44,250	1,560	780	780
English	85,405	41,175	44,225	1,560	780	780
French	4,525	2,125	2,400	45	15	25
Non-official languages	72,755	33,715	39,040	220	100	120
Aboriginal languages	25	0	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	72,735	33,710	39,025	215	95	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,185	605	580	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	95	70	25	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	95	70	25	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,145	570	575	0	0	0
Amharic	25	10	20	0	0	0
Arabic	760	410	350	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	350	150	200	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	170	220	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	365	155	215	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	6,015	2,605	3,405	0	0	0
Bikol	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	145	50	95	0	0	0
Fijian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	50	10	35	0	0	0
Ilocano	200	75	130	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	385	180	200	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	25	35	0	0	0
Pangasinan	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,430	2,345	3,085	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0
Creole languages	85	40	50	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	210	120	90	0	0	0
Kannada	0	10	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	25	15	0	0	0
Tamil	135	75	60	0	0	0
Telugu	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,315	4,570	4,750	200	95	110
Albanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Armenian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,110	1,025	1,085	35	10	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,105	1,020	1,090	35	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Croatian	145	80	70	10	10	10
Czech	100	70	35	15	0	10
Macedonian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Polish	210	110	105	0	0	0
Russian	1,335	610	725	0	0	10
Serbian	190	110	80	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	10	10	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	260	130	125	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,310	670	645	80	35	50
Afrikaans	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	70	45	25	0	0	0
Dutch	200	95	105	20	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	855	450	405	60	30	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Swedish	50	20	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	55	30	25	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	245	135	105	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,520	1,690	1,835	80	45	35
Indo-Aryan languages	2,990	1,435	1,560	60	35	20
Bengali	60	35	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	450	185	260	0	0	0
Hindi	1,010	510	500	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	10	15	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,450	725	730	55	35	25
Sindhi	155	60	90	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Urdu	500	250	250	0	0	0
Iranian languages	555	265	290	20	0	15
Kurdish	25	15	15	0	0	0
Pashto	30	15	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	510	245	265	20	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,335	1,170	1,165	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	350	190	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	265	130	135	0	0	0
Romanian	130	70	65	0	0	0
Spanish	1,700	830	875	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	1,710	765	945	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	665	305	360	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	45	10	35	0	0	0
Mongolian	50	10	35	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	85	60	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ewe	10	15	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swahili	100	55	45	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	10	40	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	0	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	54,785	25,330	29,455	0	0	0
Chinese languages	54,735	25,315	29,420	0	0	0
Cantonese	28,435	13,235	15,205	0	0	0
Hakka	260	125	140	0	0	0
Mandarin	33,870	15,285	18,585	0	0	0
Min Dong	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,150	940	1,210	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,040	450	595	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	845	390	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	105	40	65	0	0	0
Burmese	95	30	65	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	20	70	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	85	20	70	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	245	140	100	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	225	125	95	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	55	50	10	0	0
Estonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	80	50	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	97,395	46,320	51,080	1,580	790	785
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	78,370	37,545	40,825	1,565	790	780
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,835	7,180	6,655	190	120	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,535	30,365	34,170	1,375	665	710
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,025	8,780	10,250	15	0	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	97,395	46,315	51,080	1,580	795	785
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	32,575	16,710	15,870	1,355	705	650
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	61,150	27,925	33,225	215	80	130
Before 1981	8,085	3,875	4,210	140	45	95
1981 to 1990	7,120	3,320	3,795	25	10	10
1991 to 2000	20,110	9,180	10,930	30	25	0
2001 to 2010	17,120	7,585	9,535	20	10	15
2001 to 2005	7,805	3,455	4,345	20	10	10
2006 to 2010	9,315	4,130	5,190	0	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	8,720	3,965	4,755	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	3,670	1,680	1,990	10	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	61,155	27,930	33,225	215	85	130
Under 5 years	4,480	2,340	2,140	30	20	0
5 to 14 years	9,590	4,975	4,610	40	0	35
15 to 24 years	9,915	4,650	5,270	70	25	45
25 to 44 years	27,655	11,440	16,215	60	15	45
45 years and over	9,510	4,520	4,990	15	15	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	61,155	27,930	33,225	215	85	130
Americas	1,780	810	975	40	20	20
Brazil	75	25	50	0	0	0
Colombia	70	40	30	0	0	0
El Salvador	65	30	35	0	0	0
Guyana	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	60	30	30	0	0	0
Mexico	215	105	110	0	0	0
Peru	135	50	90	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	75	35	50	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	710	335	380	35	15	20
Other places of birth in Americas	355	170	190	0	10	0
Europe	4,160	2,070	2,090	120	45	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	40	20	0	0	0
Croatia	85	40	40	0	0	0
France	40	25	20	0	10	0
Germany	375	180	195	30	10	20
Greece	95	60	35	0	0	0
Hungary	40	30	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	35	35	0	0	0
Italy	125	80	40	0	0	0
Netherlands	175	95	85	10	0	10
Poland	145	70	75	0	0	0
Portugal	60	40	25	0	0	0
Romania	115	55	65	0	0	0
Russian Federation	475	180	285	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	80	20	55	0	0	0
Ukraine	375	195	185	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,305	615	695	45	15	35
Other places of birth in Europe	555	325	230	30	20	10
Africa	1,100	610	490	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	145	95	55	0	0	0
Ethiopia	35	10	25	0	0	0
Kenya	185	95	90	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	25	10	0	0	0
Somalia	70	55	15	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	240	120	115	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	360	195	170	0	0	0
Asia	53,660	24,240	29,420	50	20	30
Afghanistan	35	10	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	35	15	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	24,445	10,925	13,520	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	12,435	5,775	6,660	0	0	0
India	1,380	655	720	25	20	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	415	200	215	0	0	0
Iraq	185	90	95	0	0	0
Japan	700	255	440	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	525	240	285	0	0	0
Lebanon	35	15	25	0	0	0
Pakistan	385	190	200	0	0	0
Philippines	5,870	2,595	3,270	0	0	10
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	70	30	40	0	0	0
Taiwan	4,240	1,895	2,345	0	0	0
Viet Nam	395	195	200	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,365	1,070	1,300	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	445	205	245	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,715	3,965	4,755	0	0	0
Americas	230	115	115	0	0	0
Brazil	30	10	15	0	0	0
Colombia	20	15	10	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	35	30	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	90	40	50	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	25	0	0	0
Europe	190	70	120	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	85	20	70	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	15	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	0	0	0
Africa	145	85	65	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	50	30	20	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	20	10	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	0	0	0
Asia	8,105	3,675	4,435	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	5,615	2,505	3,110	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	280	110	175	0	0	0
India	135	70	70	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	65	35	30	0	0	0
Iraq	105	55	45	0	0	0
Israel	20	0	10	0	0	0
Japan	80	20	60	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	105	55	55	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	90	55	35	0	0	0
Philippines	965	445	515	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	35	25	15	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	65	25	40	0	0	0
Taiwan	250	120	125	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	235	120	115	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	20	20	0	0	0
Australia	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	25	0	15	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	97,395	46,315	51,080	1,580	795	785
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	65,415	29,970	35,450	240	95	145
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	20,420	10,400	10,020	380	200	185
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	11,555	5,950	5,610	960	505	460
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	53,590	24,295	29,300	75	40	35
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	39,095	18,655	20,440	15	10	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	13,430	8,225	5,205	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	25,665	10,430	15,235	10	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	11,535	4,215	7,315	60	30	30
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,585	820	760	10	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,380	605	780	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	97,400	46,315	51,080	1,585	795	790
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	685	345	345	60	30	30
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	665	330	330	60	35	30
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	390	205	190	20	10	10
Métis	255	120	140	40	15	20
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	96,710	45,975	50,735	1,520	765	760
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	97,395	46,315	51,080	1,580	795	785
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	330	175	155	25	15	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	97,065	46,140	50,925	1,555	785	780
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	97,395	46,315	51,075	1,585	795	785
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	160	85	70	20	0	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	155	85	75	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	135	70	70	20	0	10
Métis single ancestry	20	15	10	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	780	380	400	60	30	30
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	730	370	365	60	35	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	550	285	265	15	10	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	170	80	95	45	25	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	45	10	35	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	10	40	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	96,460	45,855	50,605	1,505	755	745
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	97,395	46,315	51,080	1,580	795	790
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	75,805	35,385	40,420	110	65	50
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	4,190	2,070	2,115	60	35	20
Chinese	57,490	26,760	30,725	0	0	0
Black	585	295	290	10	15	0
Filipino	5,915	2,625	3,290	0	0	10
Latin American	720	335	385	0	0	0
Arab	700	380	315	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	860	355	500	0	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	535	265	275	20	10	15
Korean	705	330	375	0	0	0
Japanese	1,680	770	910	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	170	85	85	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,260	1,110	1,155	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	21,585	10,935	10,655	1,465	735	735
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	97,395	46,315	51,075	1,580	795	785
North American Aboriginal origins	935	460	475	75	40	40
First Nations (North American Indian)	735	365	365	35	15	15
Inuit	0	10	10	0	0	0
Métis	240	100	140	45	25	20
Other North American origins	6,670	3,490	3,180	445	220	220
Acadian	25	10	10	0	0	0
American	770	390	375	50	25	30
Canadian	6,200	3,260	2,940	400	195	200
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	0	15	0	0	0
European origins	23,420	11,635	11,785	1,310	650	665
British Isles origins	13,385	6,590	6,795	880	410	470
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	8,370	4,125	4,245	620	270	345
Irish	4,275	1,915	2,355	315	115	200
Manx	45	10	30	0	0	0
Scottish	5,785	2,855	2,930	385	185	205
Welsh	795	365	430	50	10	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	955	470	485	25	10	10
French origins	2,445	1,240	1,205	215	120	95
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	0	0	0	0
French	2,445	1,240	1,205	210	115	95
Western European origins (except French origins)	5,195	2,590	2,605	425	225	200
Austrian	365	200	165	25	15	10
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	185	80	105	0	0	10
Dutch	1,235	600	635	90	45	45
Flemish	25	10	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	3,750	1,885	1,865	305	170	135
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	140	55	85	25	15	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,020	1,000	1,020	205	85	115
Danish	495	245	250	30	10	20
Finnish	230	135	95	60	35	25
Icelandic	150	85	70	20	10	15
Norwegian	645	265	380	40	15	20
Swedish	590	310	280	65	30	30
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	110	60	50	10	0	10
Eastern European origins	5,275	2,615	2,665	280	145	135
Bulgarian	80	40	40	10	0	10
Byelorussian	75	40	30	0	0	0
Czech	250	130	115	25	10	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	65	45	25	10	0	10
Estonian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	415	210	195	10	10	10
Latvian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	1,360	655	705	30	15	20
Romanian	325	160	160	30	15	10
Russian	1,695	785	910	80	35	50
Slovak	65	25	35	10	10	0
Ukrainian	1,905	905	1,000	155	80	70
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	110	60	55	0	0	0
Southern European origins	4,400	2,255	2,150	70	45	20
Albanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	240	145	100	0	0	0
Cypriot	20	10	10	0	0	0
Greek	420	225	195	10	10	0
Italian	1,115	630	485	30	25	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	600	305	300	15	0	10
Serbian	220	130	95	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	45	10	30	0	0	0
Spanish	1,880	880	1,000	10	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	80	35	40	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	710	345	365	10	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	540	260	275	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	140	65	75	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	375	170	200	10	15	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Barbadian	45	25	25	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuban	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	110	55	55	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	125	55	70	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	10	15	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	945	455	485	0	10	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	30	35	0	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	30	50	0	0	0
Chilean	35	15	15	0	0	0
Colombian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	45	20	25	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	340	175	165	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	50	30	25	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	85	40	50	0	0	0
Salvadorean	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	55	20	35	0	0	0
African origins	910	490	425	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	95	50	40	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	240	135	110	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	160	105	55	0	0	0
Libyan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	45	20	30	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	15	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	305	180	125	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	95	70	25	0	0	0
South African	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	285	130	155	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	240	100	135	0	0	0
Asian origins	74,410	34,635	39,775	110	50	60
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,720	880	850	20	10	15
Afghan	55	30	25	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	120	50	70	0	0	0
Armenian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	50	35	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	575	280	295	20	0	15
Iraqi	180	90	95	0	0	0
Israeli	180	90	90	0	0	0
Jordanian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	65	35	30	0	0	0
Palestinian	110	70	40	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turk	215	115	95	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	45	15	35	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	115	60	50	0	0	0
South Asian origins	4,370	2,170	2,195	65	35	25
Bangladeshi	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	3,635	1,825	1,805	65	35	30
Goan	50	25	25	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	395	170	220	0	0	0
Punjabi	235	120	110	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	215	105	105	0	0	0
Tamil	35	10	25	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	95	60	30	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	68,535	31,710	36,825	25	0	15
Burmese	65	25	40	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	20	0	0	0	0
Chinese	58,725	27,385	31,340	0	0	0
Filipino	6,710	3,015	3,695	10	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	170	70	100	0	0	0
Japanese	2,065	955	1,115	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	870	425	450	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	240	115	120	0	0	0
Mongolian	70	15	50	10	10	10
Singaporean	45	20	25	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,780	850	930	0	0	0
Thai	90	15	70	0	10	0
Tibetan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	535	235	295	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	80	45	35	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	75	40	35	0	0	0
Oceania origins	390	185	210	10	10	0
Australian	135	75	55	10	0	10
New Zealander	60	15	40	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	205	95	115	10	10	0
Fijian	130	60	70	0	0	0
Hawaiian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Samoan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	37,125	...	...	800	...	...
Owner	27,595	...	...	625	...	...
Renter	9,530	...	...	175	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	37,125	...	...	800	...	...
Condominium	16,485	...	...	55	...	...
Not condominium	20,640	...	...	740	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	37,125	...	...	795	...	...
No bedrooms	175	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	5,930	...	...	70	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,905	...	...	315	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,525	...	...	295	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,585	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	37,125	...	...	795	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,080	...	...	225	...	...
5 rooms	5,925	...	...	210	...	...
6 rooms	4,485	...	...	135	...	...
7 rooms	3,560	...	...	90	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,080	...	...	130	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	37,125	...	...	795	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,555	...	...	800	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,565	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	37,125	...	...	795	...	...
Suitable	34,245	...	...	780	...	...
Not suitable	2,875	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	37,120	...	...	795	...	...
1960 or before	1,540	...	...	125	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,520	...	...	215	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,570	...	...	70	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,045	...	...	165	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,970	...	...	80	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,350	...	...	90	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	5,120	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	37,120	...	...	800	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	35,110	...	...	760	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,010	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	37,125	...	...	795	...	...
1 household maintainer	21,770	...	...	470	...	...
2 household maintainers	13,660	...	...	325	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,690	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	37,125	...	...	800	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,225	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,350	...	...	50	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,460	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,350	...	...	75	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,195	...	...	165	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,465	...	...	230	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,940	...	...	130	...	...
85 years and over	1,140	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	37,005	...	...	790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,875	...	...	605	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,135	...	...	185	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,805	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,590	...	...	615	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	54.5	...	...	46.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.8	...	...	15.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,118	...	...	527	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,513	...	...	694	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	802,722	...	...	250,742	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	1,066,965	...	...	277,246	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,525	...	...	175	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	17.1	...	...	22.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	50.9	...	...	51.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,257	...	...	748	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,338	...	...	751	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	84,450	39,660	44,785	1,425	690	725
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,610	4,770	5,840	390	190	200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,065	11,750	13,320	410	200	210
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,770	23,145	25,625	625	305	320
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,570	2,325	1,245	180	145	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,885	1,075	810	75	50	25
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,685	1,255	430	105	95	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	12,325	5,195	7,125	300	90	205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,010	1,860	2,150	50	20	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	28,870	13,760	15,110	100	45	50
Bachelor's degree	20,520	9,455	11,060	60	20	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,830	870	965	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	690	350	340	0	0	0
Master's degree	5,115	2,575	2,540	20	20	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	715	515	200	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	54,865	25,210	29,660	670	305	365
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,615	1,595	2,020	155	75	75
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,440	6,130	7,305	220	110	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,810	17,475	20,330	295	120	170
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,305	1,505	800	80	50	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,225	710	510	40	30	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,085	795	285	35	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,110	3,805	5,310	145	45	100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,000	1,305	1,695	30	0	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	23,395	10,865	12,530	45	25	25
Bachelor's degree	16,470	7,450	9,020	35	10	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,405	660	740	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	520	230	290	0	0	0
Master's degree	4,455	2,130	2,325	0	10	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	550	395	155	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	84,455	39,665	44,790	1,420	695	730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	35,675	16,520	19,160	800	390	410
Education	2,485	545	1,935	40	15	25
13. Education	2,480	545	1,935	40	15	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,015	800	1,215	0	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	205	55	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,755	595	1,160	10	0	0
Humanities	3,310	1,145	2,170	20	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	850	225	625	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	735	235	500	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	995	350	655	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	85	70	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	90	55	0	0	0
54. History	340	150	195	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	75	10	65	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,370	2,525	3,845	35	0	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	30	95	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	640	280	365	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	90	605	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	860	330	530	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	30	25	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,060	305	755	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,930	1,465	1,470	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	14,025	5,825	8,200	100	25	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	60	165	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,780	5,760	8,020	85	25	65
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,485	1,260	1,230	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	830	360	470	10	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	580	275	305	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	50	20	35	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	950	585	365	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,840	1,870	975	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,265	1,570	690	0	0	0
25. Library science	120	25	95	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	250	185	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,080	6,815	1,270	170	165	10
04. Architecture and related services	440	315	125	10	10	0
14. Engineering	4,215	3,315	905	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,160	1,015	145	0	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	750	730	20	40	35	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,075	1,045	30	80	85	0
48. Precision production	425	390	35	30	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	525	260	265	65	30	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	355	170	185	40	15	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	95	80	20	20	0
Health and related fields	4,975	1,260	3,715	140	10	125
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	380	215	165	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	4,410	945	3,465	130	10	120
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	185	95	95	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,660	850	805	45	20	20
12. Personal and culinary services	1,210	480	730	35	15	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	95	85	15	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	275	55	10	0	0
Other	10	10	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	54,860	25,205	29,655	665	305	365
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,060	7,730	9,325	375	180	195
Education	1,625	345	1,280	20	0	20
13. Education	1,625	345	1,280	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,560	610	950	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	150	40	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,370	460	910	0	0	0
Humanities	2,565	830	1,740	10	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	670	140	530	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	575	195	380	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	265	525	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	70	55	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	75	50	0	0	0
54. History	220	80	140	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	50	0	45	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,125	1,940	3,185	25	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	25	75	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	200	305	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	525	65	460	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	725	245	480	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	25	30	0	0	0
42. Psychology	880	240	640	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,335	1,140	1,195	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	11,285	4,600	6,680	55	10	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	45	125	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,105	4,555	6,545	50	0	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,795	900	895	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	275	355	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	225	230	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	40	15	25	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	635	380	255	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,535	1,650	880	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,085	1,425	665	0	0	0
25. Library science	85	25	65	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	345	190	150	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,965	4,860	1,105	85	75	0
04. Architecture and related services	370	265	105	0	10	0
14. Engineering	3,260	2,465	795	10	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	810	675	130	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	555	535	20	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	735	705	20	40	35	0
48. Precision production	240	210	25	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	410	195	210	20	10	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	270	130	145	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	70	65	10	10	0
Health and related fields	3,790	975	2,820	60	0	55
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	295	180	115	0	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	3,395	760	2,635	55	0	50
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	35	65	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,145	570	570	15	0	15
12. Personal and culinary services	845	330	510	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	70	55	15	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	175	50	10	0	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	84,450	39,660	44,790	1,420	690	730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,675	16,515	19,160	800	390	410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	48,775	23,150	25,625	625	300	320
Location of study inside Canada	26,605	12,925	13,685	560	270	290
Same as province or territory of residence	22,030	10,555	11,470	405	200	210
Different than province or territory of residence	4,580	2,365	2,215	150	70	80
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	22,165	10,220	11,940	65	35	25
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,855	980	875	15	15	0
Philippines	3,025	1,180	1,845	10	0	0
India	505	245	260	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,020	505	515	20	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	7,855	3,620	4,240	0	0	0
France	95	50	45	0	0	0
Other	7,815	3,650	4,165	20	15	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	54,865	25,205	29,655	670	305	360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,060	7,730	9,325	380	185	190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	37,805	17,480	20,325	295	120	175
Location of study inside Canada	20,615	9,915	10,700	280	115	165
Same as province or territory of residence	17,395	8,340	9,055	220	95	125
Different than province or territory of residence	3,215	1,575	1,645	60	25	35
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	17,195	7,570	9,630	15	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,385	700	685	0	0	0
Philippines	2,415	935	1,475	0	0	0
India	400	185	210	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	635	295	340	0	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,865	3,105	3,760	0	0	0
France	80	40	35	0	0	0
Other	5,420	2,310	3,120	10	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	84,450	39,660	44,785	1,420	690	730
In the labour force	48,845	25,110	23,735	615	340	270
Employed	45,755	23,595	22,155	515	295	220
Unemployed	3,090	1,515	1,580	95	40	55
Not in the labour force	35,605	14,555	21,055	810	350	455
Participation rate	57.8	63.3	53.0	43.3	49.3	37.0
Employment rate	54.2	59.5	49.5	36.3	42.8	30.1
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.0	6.7	15.4	11.8	20.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	84,450	39,665	44,785	1,420	690	730
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	34,230	14,085	20,155	775	365	410
Worked	50,220	25,580	24,635	645	330	315
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	21,870	12,230	9,640	210	130	85
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	28,350	13,355	14,995	435	205	235
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.2	40.3	37.1	38.2	35.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	48,845	25,115	23,735	615	340	270
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,260	625	635	20	25	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	47,585	24,485	23,100	590	320	275
Employee	40,420	20,130	20,295	480	250	235
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	7,165	4,355	2,810	110	65	35
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	48,845	25,110	23,735	610	340	275
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,260	625	630	25	25	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	47,585	24,485	23,105	590	315	270
0 Management occupations	6,035	3,855	2,185	50	40	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,395	3,120	6,265	75	15	60
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,900	3,100	800	20	15	0
3 Health occupations	2,485	655	1,830	45	0	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,350	1,415	2,940	50	0	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,705	820	885	0	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,370	6,960	7,415	120	55	65
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,925	3,715	210	130	105	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	290	185	105	70	45	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,125	660	460	35	20	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	48,845	25,110	23,730	615	340	275
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,260	625	630	25	25	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	47,585	24,485	23,100	590	315	275
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	190	110	80	65	40	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	90	60	15	15	0
22 Utilities	200	140	60	0	0	0
23 Construction	2,330	1,970	355	65	55	10
31-33 Manufacturing	2,905	1,810	1,100	45	45	10
41 Wholesale trade	2,375	1,415	960	20	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,540	3,025	3,515	70	35	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,905	2,035	870	20	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,225	745	480	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	3,450	1,575	1,875	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,885	1,040	845	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,890	2,840	2,050	35	15	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	35	50	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,920	1,050	870	10	0	15
61 Educational services	3,250	1,135	2,125	40	10	30
62 Health care and social assistance	3,995	880	3,110	70	0	65
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,080	590	495	15	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	4,760	2,360	2,400	40	15	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,985	870	1,120	40	35	0
91 Public administration	1,455	775	680	25	0	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	45,755	23,595	22,155	515	295	220
Worked at home	4,180	2,195	1,985	55	40	15
Worked outside Canada	1,270	920	350	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,405	3,075	1,330	100	60	40
Worked at usual place	35,900	17,410	18,490	370	200	165
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	35,900	17,410	18,485	370	200	170
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,305	9,410	10,895	145	65	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,255	7,770	7,485	195	115	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	175	125	55	10	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	165	110	50	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	40,305	20,485	19,815	465	260	205
Car, truck, van - as a driver	26,935	15,160	11,775	385	215	170
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,415	605	1,810	20	0	10
Public transit	8,040	3,375	4,665	0	0	0
Walked	1,935	690	1,245	40	20	15
Bicycle	565	405	160	10	0	0
Other method	415	255	160	10	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	40,300	20,485	19,815	460	260	205
Less than 15 minutes	8,295	3,715	4,580	220	100	120
15 to 29 minutes	13,910	7,045	6,865	50	30	25
30 to 44 minutes	10,145	5,485	4,665	85	60	25
45 to 59 minutes	4,610	2,455	2,160	65	50	20
60 minutes and over	3,340	1,785	1,555	40	25	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	40,300	20,485	19,815	465	255	205
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,590	980	615	35	30	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,455	2,590	1,865	105	60	40
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,950	4,450	4,500	125	75	50
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,150	4,755	5,390	80	30	55
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,060	4,405	4,655	45	10	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,095	3,310	2,785	75	60	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	52,440	26,710	25,735	685	340	340
Single responses	49,060	25,145	23,910	685	340	340
Official languages	41,680	21,295	20,390	675	335	335
English	41,615	21,270	20,350	670	335	335
French	70	30	40	0	0	0
Non-official languages	7,375	3,855	3,525	10	0	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,375	3,850	3,525	10	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	20	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	30	45	10	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	10	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	25	0	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	105	55	50	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	15	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,065	3,695	3,375	0	0	0
Chinese languages	7,055	3,685	3,370	0	0	0
Cantonese	3,015	1,455	1,560	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,905	2,150	1,750	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	60	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,385	1,560	1,825	0	0	0
English and French	95	40	50	0	0	0
English and non-official language	3,270	1,515	1,755	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	0	15	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	52,440	26,710	25,735	685	345	340
None	41,835	21,680	20,155	660	335	330
English	2,930	1,435	1,490	0	0	0
French	220	100	115	10	0	0
Non-official language	7,210	3,355	3,855	10	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,210	3,355	3,855	10	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	210	120	90	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	15	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	96,635	45,850	50,780	1,575	795	780
Non-movers	80,075	37,735	42,335	1,415	700	715
Movers	16,565	8,115	8,445	165	95	70
Non-migrants	9,865	4,775	5,095	85	50	30
Migrants	6,695	3,340	3,360	85	45	35
Internal migrants	3,575	1,765	1,815	80	45	35
Intraprovincial migrants	2,870	1,365	1,510	75	40	35
Interprovincial migrants	705	395	305	0	0	0
External migrants	3,120	1,580	1,545	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	93,185	44,140	49,045	1,530	765	765
Non-movers	53,765	25,395	28,370	950	485	465
Movers	39,415	18,745	20,675	585	285	300
Non-migrants	21,565	10,310	11,255	200	90	115
Migrants	17,855	8,430	9,425	385	195	190
Internal migrants	7,240	3,505	3,735	385	190	185
Intraprovincial migrants	5,760	2,705	3,050	290	145	150
Interprovincial migrants	1,480	795	680	90	50	45
External migrants	10,620	4,925	5,690	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Richmond Centre [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Keremeos [Population centre], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Richmond Centre [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Keremeos [Population centre], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Richmond Centre [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Keremeos [Population centre], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Richmond Centre [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Keremeos [Population centre], British Columbia