Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and St. Adolphe [Population centre], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Cowichan Valley, RD British Columbia [Census division]			St. Adolphe Manitoba [Population centre]
	Data quality , Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Map : Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : St. Adolphe [Population centre], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	83,739	...	...	1,362	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	80,332	...	...	1,117^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.2	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	37,919	...	...	501	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	35,272	...	...	497	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	24.1	...	...	853.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,474.52	...	...	1.60	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	83,735	41,015	42,725	1,360	695	665
0 to 14 years	12,340	6,285	6,050	315	170	150
0 to 4 years	3,770	1,900	1,865	85	40	50
5 to 9 years	4,270	2,190	2,085	120	70	55
10 to 14 years	4,300	2,200	2,095	105	60	50
15 to 64 years	51,335	24,905	26,430	885	445	435
15 to 19 years	4,500	2,275	2,225	65	30	30
20 to 24 years	3,515	1,855	1,665	70	30	40
25 to 29 years	3,600	1,800	1,795	90	50	45
30 to 34 years	4,065	1,965	2,095	100	40	55
35 to 39 years	4,335	2,070	2,270	110	60	50
40 to 44 years	4,535	2,215	2,320	95	55	45
45 to 49 years	5,115	2,435	2,680	85	45	40
50 to 54 years	6,680	3,185	3,495	75	30	40
55 to 59 years	7,460	3,505	3,955	90	40	50
60 to 64 years	7,530	3,605	3,930	105	60	45
65 years and over	20,065	9,820	10,245	160	85	80
65 to 69 years	7,195	3,650	3,545	85	45	40
70 to 74 years	4,870	2,395	2,480	50	25	25
75 to 79 years	3,380	1,685	1,695	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	2,315	1,150	1,165	5	5	5
85 years and over	2,300	940	1,365	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	1,455	660	790	0	5	0
90 to 94 years	660	230	430	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	170	40	130	5	0	0
100 years and over	20	5	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.3	14.2	23.2	24.5	22.6
15 to 64 years	61.3	60.7	61.9	65.1	64.0	65.4
65 years and over	24.0	23.9	24.0	11.8	12.2	12.0
85 years and over	2.7	2.3	3.2	0.4	0.7	0.0
Average age of the population	45.7	45.2	46.3	36.8	36.6	37.0
Median age of the population	49.9	49.2	50.4	36.7	36.6	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	35,275	...	...	495	...	...
Single-detached house	25,905	...	...	415	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	7,520	...	...	80	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,400	...	...	30	...	...
Row house	1,535	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,175	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,275	...	...	40	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,840	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	35,270	...	...	495	...	...
1 person	9,555	...	...	85	...	...
2 persons	14,850	...	...	190	...	...
3 persons	4,705	...	...	70	...	...
4 persons	3,935	...	...	95	...	...
5 or more persons	2,220	...	...	60	...	...
Number of persons in private households	81,880	...	...	1,365	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	71,395	34,725	36,675	1,045	525	515
Married or living common law	43,845	21,875	21,970	770	385	385
Married	35,315	17,625	17,695	670	335	335
Living common law	8,525	4,250	4,275	100	50	50
Not married and not living common law	27,555	12,855	14,700	275	140	135
Never married	15,275	8,440	6,830	200	115	85
Separated	2,210	985	1,225	15	5	10
Divorced	5,575	2,375	3,195	35	15	20
Widowed	4,505	1,055	3,450	25	5	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	25,290	...	...	415	...	...
2 persons	15,770	...	...	200	...	...
3 persons	4,480	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	3,600	...	...	90	...	...
5 or more persons	1,435	...	...	55	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	25,290	...	...	415	...	...
Total couple families	21,475	...	...	380	...	...
Married couples	17,205	...	...	335	...	...
Common-law couples	4,260	...	...	50	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,820	...	...	30	...	...
Female parent	2,855	...	...	20	...	...
Male parent	965	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	21,470	...	...	385	...	...
Couples without children	13,370	...	...	180	...	...
Couples with children	8,100	...	...	205	...	...
1 child	3,490	...	...	65	...	...
2 children	3,295	...	...	85	...	...
3 or more children	1,320	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,820	...	...	30	...	...
1 child	2,400	...	...	20	...	...
2 children	990	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	430	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,680	6,920	7,760	110	60	50
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	35,275	...	...	495	...	...
One-census-family households	23,785	...	...	400	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	12,730	...	...	170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	11,060	...	...	230	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	725	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	10,760	...	...	90	...	...
One-person households	9,560	...	...	80	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,200	...	...	5	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	82,915	40,645	42,270	1,360	695	665
English only	77,715	38,315	39,400	785	415	375
French only	15	5	15	5	5	5
English and French	4,975	2,235	2,740	565	275	290
Neither English nor French	210	90	115	5	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	82,910	40,645	42,270	1,360	700	665
English	81,725	40,075	41,655	1,020	525	495
French	910	450	460	335	170	165
English and French	80	40	40	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	195	80	115	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	950	470	485	335	165	170
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.2	1.1	24.6	23.6	25.6
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	82,915	40,645	42,270	1,365	695	665
Single responses	82,260	40,330	41,925	1,335	680	650
Official languages	76,855	37,820	39,040	1,270	650	620
English	75,860	37,320	38,540	940	480	455
French	995	495	500	330	165	165
Non-official languages	5,400	2,510	2,885	60	35	30
Aboriginal languages	380	190	195	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	350	175	170	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	320	160	160	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,020	2,330	2,695	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	45	35	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0	0	0
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	60	35	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	50	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	40	50	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	310	85	225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	15	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	0	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	75	175	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,650	1,755	1,895	60	30	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	510	235	275	20	15	10
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	490	225	265	20	15	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Czech	70	30	40	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	110	55	60	5	0	5
Russian	75	30	45	10	5	5
Serbian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	125	60	60	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,005	950	1,050	25	15	10
Afrikaans	55	35	20	0	0	0
Danish	150	75	70	0	5	0
Dutch	650	285	360	5	0	0
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
German	1,015	485	530	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Swedish	50	20	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	35	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	600	305	300	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	575	280	290	5	5	0
Bengali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0	0	0
Hindi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	500	240	260	5	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	5	5	0
Iranian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	475	230	245	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	155	85	70	5	0	0
Portuguese	60	25	30	0	0	0
Romanian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Spanish	225	100	130	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	85	20	65	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	130	60	65	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0	0	5
American Sign Language	10	5	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	355	165	195	0	0	0
Chinese languages	350	155	190	0	0	0
Cantonese	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	155	70	85	0	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	10	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	210	105	110	0	0	0
Estonian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	90	35	55	0	0	0
Hungarian	115	60	55	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	655	315	345	30	20	10
English and French	140	70	70	20	15	10
English and non-official language	470	215	250	5	5	5
French and non-official language	20	15	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	10	15	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	82,915	40,645	42,270	1,360	695	665
Single responses	82,030	40,235	41,790	1,340	685	655
Official languages	80,685	39,595	41,090	1,320	675	645
English	80,530	39,530	41,000	1,145	585	560
French	160	65	90	170	85	85
Non-official languages	1,345	640	705	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	30	20	15	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	35	20	15	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,310	620	685	15	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	15	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	20	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	30	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	30	55	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	30	50	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	710	335	380	10	10	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	35	30	10	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Russian	20	15	10	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	185	90	95	0	0	5
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	40	20	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	110	55	55	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	335	150	180	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	330	150	180	0	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	300	140	165	5	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	50	70	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	100	45	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	5	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	100	50	50	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	105	95	5	0	5
Chinese languages	185	95	90	5	0	5
Cantonese	70	35	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	45	45	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	885	410	475	25	10	15
English and French	80	45	40	15	10	5
English and non-official language	780	360	425	5	0	0
French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	82,910	40,645	42,270	1,365	700	665
None	79,160	38,940	40,220	1,080	560	515
English	625	295	330	130	70	60
French	820	370	450	120	50	75
Non-official language	2,235	1,005	1,230	25	10	15
Aboriginal	380	180	200	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,855	825	1,030	25	10	15
English and French	5	0	5	5	0	0
English and non-official language	20	5	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	30	25	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	69,620	33,885	35,735	1,045	530	515
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,125	32,715	34,410	1,015	510	505
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,123	40,201	26,323	45,632	56,160	37,888
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,215	32,780	34,430	1,015	510	505
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,120	35,527	24,706	39,077	45,952	33,451
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,810	29,585	30,230	985	500	485
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,650	36,916	22,374	42,752	53,376	32,896
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	50,005	22,635	27,370	645	260	380
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,415	9,298	7,882	5,280	7,264	4,688
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	46,670	23,960	22,710	870	455	420
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,166	33,916	22,455	44,032	53,696	35,904
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	69,625	33,885	35,735	1,080	540	535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,070	32,795	34,280	1,045	530	525
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,760	50,506	33,394	50,327	58,765	41,816
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,140	32,820	34,320	1,050	530	525
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,477	41,805	29,425	40,899	47,030	34,716
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,585	29,535	30,055	1,025	525	505
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,439	48,758	30,283	46,428	54,781	37,739
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,980	22,670	27,315	700	290	410
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,022	9,549	8,585	7,490	8,042	7,096
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,670	23,850	22,820	905	465	440
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,340	45,411	28,905	47,114	55,240	38,554
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	69,620	33,890	35,735	1,080	545	535
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	18,150	10,240	7,915	505	280	225
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,639	58,792	43,021	57,462	66,914	45,664
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,782	64,192	47,191	60,172	67,938	50,522
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.0	87.1	79.5	91.6	93.5	87.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	62.2	65.6	57.4	81.2	83.2	77.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.0	12.9	20.5	8.8	6.6	12.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	69,620	33,890	35,735	1,045	525	515
Without total income	2,495	1,175	1,325	30	15	15
With total income	67,125	32,715	34,415	1,010	510	500
Percentage with total income	96.4	96.5	96.3	96.7	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,675	4,045	5,630	55	15	40
$10,000 to $19,999	12,090	4,620	7,475	95	35	65
$20,000 to $29,999	9,980	3,905	6,070	140	45	95
$30,000 to $39,999	8,305	3,705	4,600	120	60	65
$40,000 to $49,999	6,810	3,275	3,540	140	65	75
$50,000 to $59,999	5,075	2,750	2,325	105	60	45
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	2,505	1,520	95	50	40
$70,000 to $79,999	3,035	1,990	1,050	85	60	25
$80,000 to $89,999	2,320	1,560	765	65	45	20
$90,000 to $99,999	1,680	1,175	505	45	25	20
$100,000 and over	4,120	3,180	945	65	50	15
$100,000 to $149,999	3,090	2,370	715	50	35	10
$150,000 and over	1,040	810	225	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	69,620	33,885	35,735	1,045	530	520
Without after-tax income	2,410	1,110	1,300	30	20	15
With after-tax income	67,210	32,780	34,435	1,015	515	505
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	96.7	96.4	97.1	97.2	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,160	4,275	5,885	60	15	50
$10,000 to $19,999	12,740	4,980	7,765	110	45	70
$20,000 to $29,999	11,625	4,675	6,950	170	60	110
$30,000 to $39,999	9,430	4,315	5,120	180	80	100
$40,000 to $49,999	7,290	3,775	3,515	145	85	60
$50,000 to $59,999	5,305	3,280	2,020	135	85	50
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	2,445	1,270	100	70	25
$70,000 to $79,999	2,670	1,820	850	60	35	20
$80,000 and over	4,275	3,220	1,050	50	30	15
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530	1,135	395	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	945	730	220	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	1,795	1,355	435	20	10	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	69,620	33,885	35,735	1,045	525	515
Without employment income	22,955	9,930	13,025	175	75	100
With employment income	46,665	23,960	22,710	870	455	415
Percentage with employment income	67.0	70.7	63.6	83.3	86.7	80.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,940	4,980	4,960	65	30	35
$5,000 to $9,999	3,515	1,495	2,020	40	10	30
$10,000 to $19,999	6,045	2,475	3,575	85	35	45
$20,000 to $29,999	5,195	2,235	2,960	105	35	70
$30,000 to $39,999	4,620	1,895	2,730	95	50	45
$40,000 to $49,999	3,815	1,785	2,025	110	50	60
$50,000 to $59,999	3,030	1,635	1,395	85	50	35
$60,000 to $69,999	2,555	1,640	910	65	40	25
$70,000 to $79,999	2,170	1,415	755	75	50	25
$80,000 and over	5,775	4,395	1,380	150	105	45
$80,000 to $89,999	1,665	1,115	545	50	30	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,255	920	335	40	25	15
$100,000 and over	2,855	2,355	495	55	45	15
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	35,275	...	...	500	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,191	...	...	98,048	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,783	...	...	80,868	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	9,555	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,260	...	...	48,128	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,315	...	...	42,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	25,715	...	...	415	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,631	...	...	108,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,813	...	...	89,958	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	35,270	...	...	515	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,411	...	...	102,627	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,529	...	...	83,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,540	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,099	...	...	47,016	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,359	...	...	39,226	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	25,730	...	...	425	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,615	...	...	114,059	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,455	...	...	92,484	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	35,270	...	...	500	...	...
Under $5,000	530	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	460	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,035	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,525	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,705	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,500	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,635	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,645	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,575	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,945	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,725	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,500	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,205	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,850	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,790	...	...	240	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,720	...	...	75	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,445	...	...	70	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,280	...	...	65	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,335	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	35,270	...	...	495	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	470	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,040	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,585	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,990	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,705	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,990	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,940	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,885	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,735	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,440	...	...	50	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,155	...	...	50	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	...	...	50	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,880	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,900	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,350	...	...	85	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,745	...	...	45	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,805	...	...	35	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	24,840	...	...	410	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,328	...	...	109,653	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,561	...	...	90,163	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	12,480	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,945	...	...	91,584	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,891	...	...	76,032	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	8,195	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,679	...	...	128,256	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,842	...	...	103,083	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,430	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,605	...	...	70,912	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,441	...	...	64,896	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	24,890	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,175	...	...	114,192	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,957	...	...	92,517	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	12,455	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,509	...	...	87,277	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,103	...	...	72,447	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	8,220	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,486	...	...	139,431	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,307	...	...	111,651	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,425	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,169	...	...	86,714	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,314	...	...	69,302	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	12,785	6,065	6,720	95	50	45
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,393	31,533	28,032	45,440	53,888	41,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,972	28,699	25,786	39,936	43,648	35,328
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	12,600	5,925	6,675	110	55	55
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,267	42,113	34,854	46,557	49,115	44,177
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,087	35,755	30,718	38,928	40,567	37,403
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	81,885	40,130	41,750	1,360	695	665
In the bottom half of the distribution	43,860	20,905	22,950	470	240	235
In the bottom decile	9,955	4,835	5,125	20	10	10
In the second decile	9,230	4,160	5,070	50	20	30
In the third decile	8,435	4,000	4,435	105	55	50
In the fourth decile	8,140	3,950	4,190	140	70	65
In the fifth decile	8,095	3,960	4,130	155	80	80
In the top half of the distribution	38,025	19,225	18,795	885	460	425
In the sixth decile	8,275	4,140	4,135	180	90	90
In the seventh decile	8,165	4,080	4,090	210	115	95
In the eighth decile	7,970	4,060	3,915	195	110	85
In the ninth decile	7,755	3,975	3,785	195	95	95
In the top decile	5,850	2,975	2,875	105	50	55
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	77,850	38,055	39,790	1,365	695	665
0 to 17 years	13,650	6,925	6,725	355	185	165
0 to 5 years	4,055	2,040	2,015	105	50	55
18 to 64 years	45,375	21,815	23,560	845	430	420
65 years and over	18,820	9,320	9,505	160	80	80
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,940	5,550	6,390	40	20	20
0 to 17 years	2,895	1,475	1,420	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	925	465	460	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	6,765	3,105	3,655	15	5	10
65 years and over	2,285	965	1,310	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.6	16.1	2.9	2.9	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	21.2	21.3	21.1	4.2	5.4	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	22.8	22.8	22.8	4.8	0.0	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.9	14.2	15.5	1.8	1.2	2.4
65 years and over (%)	12.1	10.4	13.8	6.3	6.3	6.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,240	2,615	2,625	15	10	5
0 to 17 years	1,140	570	565	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	360	185	175	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	3,775	1,865	1,905	5	5	5
65 years and over	330	175	155	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.7	6.9	6.6	1.1	1.4	0.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.2	8.4	1.4	0.0	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	9.1	8.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.1	0.6	1.2	1.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.9	1.6	3.1	6.3	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	81,885	40,135	41,750	1,365	695	670
Official languages	81,605	40,000	41,605	1,360	695	665
English	81,580	39,990	41,590	1,360	695	665
French	4,910	2,180	2,725	555	295	255
Non-official languages	8,085	3,640	4,450	115	65	55
Aboriginal languages	755	370	385	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	680	330	345	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	620	310	320	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	10	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Haisla	10	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,340	3,270	4,070	115	60	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	75	40	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	75	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	70	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	50	70	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	50	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	370	100	270	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	50	10	40	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	85	235	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	0	0	0	0
Telugu	15	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,585	3,030	100	60	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	590	280	305	10	0	0
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	565	270	295	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	60	20	40	0	0	0
Czech	120	70	50	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	120	60	65	0	0	0
Russian	75	20	55	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	125	60	60	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,640	1,210	1,430	35	20	15
Afrikaans	115	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	135	60	75	0	0	0
Dutch	775	325	450	0	0	0
Frisian	10	10	10	0	0	0
German	1,515	740	770	30	20	10
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	140	45	95	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	870	440	430	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	815	415	405	20	15	0
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	135	75	55	20	15	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	670	320	350	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,655	735	920	45	25	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	255	115	145	10	0	10
Portuguese	130	55	75	0	0	0
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	1,305	570	740	40	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	160	50	110	0	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	60	50	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	45	15	30	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	160	45	115	15	0	10
American Sign Language	80	10	70	15	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	405	180	225	0	0	0
Chinese languages	405	180	225	0	0	0
Cantonese	130	50	80	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	235	100	135	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	15	60	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	70	15	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	225	105	120	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	115	45	75	0	0	0
Hungarian	100	55	45	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	81,885	40,135	41,750	1,365	695	665
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	79,255	38,960	40,290	1,335	685	655
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,730	7,480	7,245	300	165	140
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,525	31,480	33,040	1,035	520	515
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,630	1,170	1,460	25	10	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	81,880	40,130	41,750	1,360	695	665
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	71,240	35,195	36,050	1,285	645	645
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	10,285	4,780	5,510	70	45	25
Before 1981	6,520	3,100	3,420	15	10	10
1981 to 1990	1,000	445	555	0	0	10
1991 to 2000	810	345	460	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,195	480	710	40	30	10
2001 to 2005	485	190	295	30	20	10
2006 to 2010	705	290	415	15	10	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	765	405	360	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	350	160	190	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10,290	4,775	5,515	70	50	20
Under 5 years	1,400	680	715	15	10	0
5 to 14 years	2,040	1,000	1,050	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	2,630	1,195	1,435	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	3,515	1,580	1,940	35	20	15
45 years and over	705	325	375	10	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,290	4,780	5,510	70	45	20
Americas	1,510	645	870	20	10	10
Brazil	25	10	15	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	10	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	10	25	0	0	0
Mexico	50	25	25	0	0	0
Peru	0	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,155	475	680	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	180	80	100	10	10	0
Europe	6,550	3,150	3,395	30	25	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	10	0	0	0
Croatia	40	20	20	0	0	0
France	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germany	710	365	345	0	0	0
Greece	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hungary	100	40	60	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italy	105	60	50	0	0	0
Netherlands	675	325	355	0	0	0
Poland	95	40	55	0	0	0
Portugal	45	20	20	0	0	0
Romania	45	25	25	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	15	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,835	1,840	1,995	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	590	265	320	15	10	0
Africa	305	145	165	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	35	15	25	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	165	70	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	40	35	0	0	0
Asia	1,615	675	935	20	10	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	190	75	120	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	45	15	30	0	0	0
India	480	225	245	15	10	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	35	25	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	55	10	45	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	90	45	40	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	20	15	0	0	0
Philippines	335	105	230	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	50	25	30	0	0	0
Taiwan	40	20	25	0	0	0
Viet Nam	65	25	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	175	75	100	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	310	170	145	10	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	765	405	365	10	0	10
Americas	115	65	45	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	70	35	40	10	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	30	0	0	0	0
Europe	180	95	85	0	0	0
France	20	0	15	0	0	0
Germany	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	45	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	25	15	0	0	0
Africa	60	30	35	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	20	0	0	0
Asia	380	200	180	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	55	35	20	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Philippines	135	65	65	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	50	20	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Australia	15	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	81,880	40,135	41,750	1,365	700	665
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,290	5,255	6,030	80	55	25
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	16,235	7,925	8,310	140	95	50
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	54,355	26,950	27,410	1,140	550	595
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,925	1,750	2,180	55	35	20
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,025	930	1,100	35	25	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	865	515	345	10	10	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,165	410	755	25	15	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,640	655	985	25	10	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	215	140	75	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	81,885	40,130	41,750	1,360	695	665
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	9,660	4,830	4,825	320	160	160
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	9,490	4,740	4,745	320	160	160
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,315	3,675	3,645	15	0	15
Métis	2,105	1,015	1,090	305	160	145
Inuk (Inuit)	60	55	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	105	65	35	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	65	20	45	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	72,220	35,300	36,920	1,040	535	505
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	81,880	40,130	41,750	1,360	695	665
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,550	3,245	3,310	10	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	75,330	36,890	38,440	1,350	695	655
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	81,880	40,135	41,750	1,360	700	665
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,150	2,615	2,535	45	10	30
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,125	2,605	2,525	40	10	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,835	2,440	2,395	15	0	10
Métis single ancestry	265	145	125	35	15	20
Inuit single ancestry	25	25	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	0	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	10	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,385	2,585	2,800	325	170	155
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,050	2,410	2,640	315	170	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,230	1,580	1,650	45	35	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,770	785	985	275	135	135
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	45	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	330	175	160	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	320	170	150	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	71,350	34,930	36,415	990	515	480
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	81,885	40,130	41,750	1,360	700	665
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,805	1,725	2,080	75	55	20
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,260	650	610	30	20	10
Chinese	660	285	380	0	0	0
Black	305	145	160	15	10	0
Filipino	475	150	325	0	0	0
Latin American	150	65	85	10	10	0
Arab	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	240	90	155	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Korean	100	55	45	0	0	0
Japanese	265	110	155	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	85	40	40	15	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	140	60	80	0	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	78,075	38,405	39,670	1,290	645	645
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	81,880	40,135	41,750	1,360	700	665
North American Aboriginal origins	10,540	5,200	5,335	365	180	190
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,420	4,200	4,220	65	35	30
Inuit	90	75	20	0	0	0
Métis	2,385	1,110	1,275	315	145	170
Other North American origins	22,815	11,270	11,550	405	190	210
Acadian	70	15	55	0	0	0
American	1,750	885	870	25	15	10
Canadian	21,410	10,580	10,825	395	185	210
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	95	45	45	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	65	35	25	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	64,810	31,435	33,380	1,145	600	545
British Isles origins	50,200	24,160	26,045	590	285	305
Channel Islander	20	15	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	33,550	15,805	17,745	370	190	180
Irish	15,875	7,245	8,625	215	120	95
Manx	60	20	35	0	0	0
Scottish	22,820	10,785	12,040	250	125	125
Welsh	3,105	1,515	1,590	35	15	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,630	1,190	1,445	20	10	10
French origins	8,530	3,945	4,580	525	280	245
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	10	10	0	0
Corsican	10	0	10	0	0	0
French	8,525	3,945	4,580	525	280	245
Western European origins (except French origins)	17,220	8,355	8,865	370	195	175
Austrian	895	450	445	15	10	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	545	275	270	65	45	25
Dutch	5,205	2,470	2,740	45	25	15
Flemish	80	40	40	20	0	15
Frisian	30	20	15	0	0	0
German	11,595	5,615	5,980	225	115	115
Luxembourger	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	530	260	270	20	10	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,550	3,955	4,600	55	15	40
Danish	1,600	750	855	0	0	0
Finnish	960	425	535	0	0	0
Icelandic	705	360	340	10	0	10
Norwegian	3,155	1,425	1,730	20	10	10
Swedish	2,660	1,215	1,450	30	10	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	360	165	190	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	9,405	4,560	4,845	370	195	175
Bulgarian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Byelorussian	55	25	35	0	0	0
Czech	400	170	230	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	255	115	145	0	0	0
Estonian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	825	420	405	10	0	10
Latvian	125	45	80	0	0	10
Lithuanian	145	65	75	0	0	0
Moldovan	25	10	20	0	0	0
Polish	2,645	1,365	1,280	65	40	20
Romanian	425	230	195	10	0	0
Russian	1,615	775	845	80	35	45
Slovak	135	65	70	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,200	2,005	2,195	280	145	135
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	60	25	35	0	0	0
Southern European origins	4,285	2,060	2,230	55	45	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	255	135	115	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	305	155	145	10	0	10
Italian	2,570	1,220	1,350	40	25	15
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	470	230	235	0	0	0
Serbian	70	55	20	0	0	0
Sicilian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	605	270	335	15	15	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	95	55	45	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	510	260	245	0	10	0
Basque	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	245	125	115	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	30	10	25	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	225	115	110	0	10	0
Caribbean origins	265	125	140	15	15	10
Antiguan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dominican	20	15	10	15	10	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	100	40	60	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	10	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	10	25	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	475	220	255	20	25	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	45	30	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Chilean	70	20	55	20	20	0
Colombian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	25	15	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mexican	180	85	90	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	10	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	20	10	15	0	0	0
African origins	505	255	245	10	10	0
Central and West African origins	40	20	15	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	60	35	25	0	0	0
Algerian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	205	80	125	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	145	40	105	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	25	10	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	200	120	80	10	10	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	170	110	60	10	10	0
Asian origins	3,790	1,735	2,055	55	30	25
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	315	180	135	10	10	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	20	20	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	95	50	40	10	10	0
Palestinian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	60	40	20	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	15	15	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,375	695	680	30	25	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,220	635	590	35	20	10
Goan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pakistani	55	10	45	0	0	0
Punjabi	50	25	20	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	10	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,070	850	1,220	15	0	10
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	845	365	485	0	0	0
Filipino	555	195	365	15	10	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	45	20	30	0	0	0
Japanese	335	140	195	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	95	60	40	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	50	10	35	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Thai	90	20	70	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	160	65	95	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	15	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oceania origins	605	315	290	0	0	0
Australian	290	135	150	0	0	0
New Zealander	160	105	50	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	155	70	85	0	0	0
Fijian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	105	40	70	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	35,270	...	...	515	...	...
Owner	27,250	...	...	485	...	...
Renter	7,805	...	...	30	...	...
Band housing	210	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	35,270	...	...	515	...	...
Condominium	3,070	...	...	65	...	...
Not condominium	32,205	...	...	445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	35,270	...	...	510	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	3,035	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,275	...	...	95	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,520	...	...	230	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,290	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	35,275	...	...	510	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,960	...	...	75	...	...
5 rooms	5,765	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	5,855	...	...	70	...	...
7 rooms	4,995	...	...	95	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,695	...	...	195	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	35,270	...	...	510	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,975	...	...	505	...	...
More than 1 person per room	300	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	35,275	...	...	515	...	...
Suitable	34,220	...	...	500	...	...
Not suitable	1,050	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	35,275	...	...	510	...	...
1960 or before	6,050	...	...	35	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,025	...	...	200	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,090	...	...	95	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,030	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,950	...	...	20	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,195	...	...	25	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,925	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	35,270	...	...	515	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	32,630	...	...	510	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,640	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	35,275	...	...	515	...	...
1 household maintainer	20,160	...	...	270	...	...
2 household maintainers	14,390	...	...	245	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	725	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	35,270	...	...	515	...	...
15 to 24 years	520	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,160	...	...	85	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,400	...	...	130	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,605	...	...	85	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,260	...	...	105	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,170	...	...	95	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,765	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	1,400	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	33,695	...	...	515	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,950	...	...	475	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,745	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,810	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,140	...	...	485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	69.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.9	...	...	7.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	910	...	...	1,109	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,113	...	...	1,105	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	376,759	...	...	284,847	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	424,941	...	...	293,135	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,595	...	...	30	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	877	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	940	...	...	1,117	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	69,625	33,885	35,735	1,080	540	535
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,635	6,635	6,000	100	65	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	20,155	9,610	10,550	415	190	230
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,835	17,645	19,190	565	295	265
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,675	6,585	2,090	135	100	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,410	1,985	1,415	40	25	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,275	4,595	675	95	75	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,245	5,195	9,050	240	120	120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,815	960	1,855	35	15	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,095	4,900	6,195	150	65	90
Bachelor's degree	6,890	2,855	4,035	105	55	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	990	425	575	20	0	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	225	170	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,455	1,145	1,300	30	10	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	365	245	120	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	42,580	20,330	22,245	795	400	400
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,300	3,060	2,240	45	30	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,295	6,020	6,280	300	145	155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,980	11,255	13,725	450	220	230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,715	4,290	1,430	95	70	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,185	1,245	940	20	10	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,530	3,045	485	75	65	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,045	3,530	6,510	200	100	95
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,880	595	1,285	30	15	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,345	2,840	4,505	120	40	85
Bachelor's degree	4,775	1,860	2,920	80	30	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	225	430	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	115	150	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,500	580	920	30	0	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	145	55	90	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	69,620	33,890	35,735	1,080	545	535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	32,790	16,245	16,545	515	250	270
Education	3,030	830	2,200	50	20	30
13. Education	3,030	830	2,200	55	20	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,185	520	665	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	170	30	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	985	355	630	0	0	0
Humanities	1,480	590	890	15	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	155	40	120	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	415	135	285	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	130	230	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	40	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	130	75	0	0	0
54. History	205	105	100	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	50	15	35	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,470	1,085	2,380	30	0	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	25	60	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	100	140	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	40	730	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	570	165	410	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	0	50	0	0	0
42. Psychology	660	205	450	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	1,085	550	535	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	5,920	1,810	4,105	135	40	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	170	410	10	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,340	1,645	3,700	125	35	85
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,040	600	440	15	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	250	225	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	105	85	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	260	205	60	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	45	60	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	765	460	305	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	580	365	215	15	15	0
25. Library science	65	20	45	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	70	40	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,820	8,295	525	155	150	0
04. Architecture and related services	120	65	55	0	0	10
14. Engineering	855	745	110	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,405	1,210	195	40	40	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,515	2,440	75	55	50	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,555	2,520	35	35	35	0
48. Precision production	1,370	1,315	50	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,375	950	425	20	15	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	675	420	255	15	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	530	170	10	0	10
Health and related fields	6,980	1,040	5,940	60	10	55
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	345	105	240	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,525	870	5,655	65	0	55
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	65	45	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,760	1,455	1,305	45	20	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,675	515	1,160	30	0	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	285	195	90	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	700	50	10	10	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	42,575	20,330	22,250	800	400	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,600	9,075	8,520	345	175	170
Education	1,710	355	1,355	35	10	35
13. Education	1,705	355	1,355	40	10	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	850	350	500	0	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	85	35	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	730	265	465	10	0	10
Humanities	890	350	545	0	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	85	15	70	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	240	75	165	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	95	165	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	65	50	0	0	0
54. History	120	60	60	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	20	0	20	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,505	660	1,850	30	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	70	120	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	625	35	590	0	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	425	85	340	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	45	0	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	405	125	280	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	755	335	425	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	4,075	1,165	2,910	120	45	75
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	95	320	0	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,655	1,075	2,585	115	35	75
Physical and life sciences and technologies	665	320	345	0	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	330	145	185	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	60	70	0	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	145	100	45	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	530	300	225	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	455	275	185	15	20	0
25. Library science	40	0	35	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,855	5,450	405	120	110	10
04. Architecture and related services	90	35	55	0	0	0
14. Engineering	500	425	75	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	900	760	145	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,830	1,760	70	45	40	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,635	1,615	20	30	30	0
48. Precision production	900	865	35	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	970	625	345	15	10	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	470	275	200	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	350	150	10	0	10
Health and related fields	4,995	725	4,270	55	10	50
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	245	70	175	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,680	620	4,060	55	10	45
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	30	35	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,925	955	965	30	20	20
12. Personal and culinary services	1,245	390	850	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	200	125	75	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	455	415	40	0	0	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	69,620	33,890	35,735	1,080	545	535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,790	16,245	16,545	520	250	270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	36,835	17,640	19,190	565	295	270
Location of study inside Canada	32,550	15,575	16,965	535	280	255
Same as province or territory of residence	24,195	11,260	12,935	500	270	225
Different than province or territory of residence	8,345	4,310	4,035	35	0	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,285	2,065	2,220	30	15	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,150	570	575	0	0	0
Philippines	175	35	140	0	0	0
India	130	65	65	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,515	750	765	0	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	15	30	0	0	0
France	25	10	15	0	0	0
Other	1,235	610	630	10	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	42,580	20,330	22,250	795	400	400
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,595	9,075	8,525	345	175	170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	24,980	11,255	13,725	445	225	230
Location of study inside Canada	22,820	10,335	12,485	420	210	210
Same as province or territory of residence	17,915	7,895	10,020	390	205	185
Different than province or territory of residence	4,905	2,435	2,465	30	0	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,160	925	1,240	25	15	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	630	275	355	0	0	10
Philippines	160	30	130	0	0	0
India	80	35	40	0	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	555	250	305	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	20	30	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other	675	305	370	10	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	69,620	33,885	35,735	1,075	545	535
In the labour force	39,945	20,475	19,470	830	435	400
Employed	36,980	18,775	18,205	785	405	380
Unemployed	2,965	1,700	1,265	50	30	20
Not in the labour force	29,680	13,420	16,265	250	110	135
Participation rate	57.4	60.4	54.5	77.2	79.8	74.8
Employment rate	53.1	55.4	50.9	73.0	74.3	71.0
Unemployment rate	7.4	8.3	6.5	6.0	6.9	5.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	69,625	33,890	35,735	1,080	545	535
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	27,680	12,260	15,420	215	95	120
Worked	41,940	21,625	20,315	865	450	415
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	18,740	10,605	8,135	515	285	230
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,200	11,025	12,180	345	165	185
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.6	41.7	44.6	43.9	45.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	39,945	20,470	19,470	830	430	400
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	900	440	460	0	0	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	39,040	20,030	19,015	825	435	395
Employee	32,260	16,160	16,100	750	385	360
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,785	3,870	2,915	75	45	30
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	39,945	20,470	19,475	835	430	400
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	895	440	455	10	0	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	39,040	20,030	19,015	825	430	395
0 Management occupations	4,440	2,600	1,840	115	65	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,100	1,105	3,995	140	45	100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,080	1,645	435	20	15	10
3 Health occupations	2,865	495	2,370	50	10	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,340	1,350	2,995	130	55	75
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,210	455	755	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	9,035	3,290	5,745	200	95	105
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,980	6,630	355	125	120	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,610	1,300	310	30	25	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,385	1,170	220	10	10	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	39,945	20,475	19,470	835	430	400
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	900	440	460	10	0	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	39,045	20,030	19,015	825	435	395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,990	1,420	570	10	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	320	280	40	0	0	0
22 Utilities	185	150	35	20	15	0
23 Construction	3,805	3,380	425	105	90	15
31-33 Manufacturing	2,910	2,410	505	40	40	0
41 Wholesale trade	865	630	235	40	35	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,030	2,170	2,855	105	35	65
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,425	1,125	300	30	15	15
51 Information and cultural industries	495	260	235	40	20	20
52 Finance and insurance	1,110	335	775	60	0	55
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	625	335	285	10	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,240	1,080	1,160	20	0	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	20	15	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,845	1,095	750	30	25	10
61 Educational services	2,755	770	1,985	75	35	40
62 Health care and social assistance	4,985	920	4,070	100	25	80
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	900	380	515	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,970	1,085	1,885	45	25	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,935	815	1,120	25	10	15
91 Public administration	2,615	1,355	1,260	70	40	30
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	36,980	18,775	18,205	785	405	380
Worked at home	3,915	1,740	2,175	55	25	35
Worked outside Canada	115	70	45	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,980	4,610	1,370	75	65	15
Worked at usual place	26,970	12,350	14,615	650	315	335
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	26,970	12,350	14,615	650	315	330
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,805	3,385	4,425	60	35	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,745	4,945	6,800	35	10	25
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,085	3,745	3,340	555	270	285
Commute to a different province or territory	330	275	55	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	32,950	16,960	15,990	730	380	345
Car, truck, van - as a driver	27,540	14,270	13,270	665	360	300
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,950	965	985	40	15	30
Public transit	630	325	310	0	10	0
Walked	1,775	740	1,030	20	0	15
Bicycle	355	220	140	0	0	0
Other method	695	445	250	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	32,950	16,960	15,990	725	380	350
Less than 15 minutes	11,405	4,940	6,460	80	30	45
15 to 29 minutes	10,315	5,205	5,115	265	130	135
30 to 44 minutes	5,035	2,830	2,205	245	145	100
45 to 59 minutes	2,550	1,535	1,010	95	50	45
60 minutes and over	3,650	2,460	1,195	40	20	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	32,950	16,960	15,990	730	380	350
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,575	1,885	685	40	40	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,340	4,055	2,285	155	110	45
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,635	4,590	4,045	255	95	155
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,905	2,495	4,415	155	75	85
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,465	1,200	2,270	60	25	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,025	2,740	2,290	65	40	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	43,505	22,325	21,180	895	460	440
Single responses	43,385	22,285	21,100	885	450	435
Official languages	43,320	22,250	21,070	880	450	430
English	43,255	22,250	21,000	835	425	400
French	70	0	70	50	20	25
Non-official languages	65	40	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	60	35	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	35	85	10	10	0
English and French	35	0	35	10	0	0
English and non-official language	70	30	40	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	43,510	22,325	21,185	900	460	435
None	42,715	22,015	20,695	795	415	380
English	110	20	95	35	20	15
French	250	125	125	65	30	35
Non-official language	400	145	255	0	0	0
Aboriginal	140	45	100	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	250	95	155	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	20	15	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	81,215	39,810	41,405	1,350	695	655
Non-movers	70,355	34,600	35,750	1,205	620	585
Movers	10,860	5,210	5,655	140	75	65
Non-migrants	4,390	2,165	2,230	45	25	15
Migrants	6,470	3,050	3,425	100	50	45
Internal migrants	6,095	2,865	3,235	100	50	50
Intraprovincial migrants	4,775	2,250	2,530	95	50	50
Interprovincial migrants	1,320	615	705	0	0	0
External migrants	375	185	185	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	78,145	38,255	39,890	1,285	660	625
Non-movers	48,820	24,120	24,700	800	410	390
Movers	29,330	14,135	15,195	485	250	235
Non-migrants	11,960	5,875	6,085	120	65	60
Migrants	17,365	8,255	9,105	360	185	175
Internal migrants	16,225	7,720	8,500	355	180	175
Intraprovincial migrants	12,500	5,965	6,540	320	155	160
Interprovincial migrants	3,720	1,755	1,965	40	25	15
External migrants	1,145	540	605	0	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Cowichan Valley, RD [Census division], British Columbia and St. Adolphe [Population centre], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and St. Adolphe [Population centre], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and St. Adolphe [Population centre], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and St. Adolphe [Population centre], Manitoba