Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lower Mainland--Southwest [Economic region], British Columbia and Ontario [Province]

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Lower Mainland--Southwest British Columbia [Economic region]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Lower Mainland--Southwest [Economic region], British Columbia  Map : Lower Mainland--Southwest [Economic region], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province]  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	2,832,000	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	2,657,713 r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	1,185,037	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	1,099,698	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	78.0	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	36,303.31	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	2,832,000	1,385,250	1,446,745	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	426,565	220,025	206,535	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	137,035	70,665	66,370	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	145,140	75,025	70,115	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	144,395	74,340	70,050	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	1,951,420	957,425	993,995	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	163,615	84,180	79,435	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	188,560	96,505	92,060	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	201,755	100,410	101,345	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	206,890	101,985	104,910	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	191,215	92,570	98,650	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	191,610	91,030	100,580	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	208,560	99,900	108,660	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	217,900	106,435	111,470	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	203,870	98,630	105,240	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	177,430	85,785	91,645	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	454,020	207,800	246,220	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	153,355	73,380	79,975	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	105,975	50,555	55,425	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	77,930	35,965	41,965	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	57,030	25,825	31,210	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	59,720	22,070	37,645	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	36,760	14,920	21,840	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	17,290	5,740	11,545	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	4,835	1,230	3,605	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	835	180	655	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.9	14.3	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	68.9	69.1	68.7	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	16.0	15.0	17.0	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	41.0	39.8	42.0	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	357,895	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	161,655	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	572,070	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	24,985	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	106,955	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	172,450	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	266,175	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,500	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	8,075	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	310,905	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	349,285	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	172,935	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	157,590	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	108,985	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,785,950	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	2,405,435	1,165,225	1,240,210	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	1,375,715	685,820	689,895	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	1,187,600	591,000	596,605	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	188,115	94,820	93,295	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	1,029,720	479,405	550,315	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	704,075	375,990	328,085	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	59,290	24,410	34,880	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	147,960	55,515	92,445	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	118,390	23,485	94,910	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	783,325	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	382,340	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	178,990	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	165,005	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	56,990	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	783,320	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	663,130	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	569,090	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	94,040	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	120,190	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	96,730	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	23,460	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	663,135	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	306,065	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	357,065	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	145,235	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	157,010	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	54,820	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	120,190	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	76,275	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	33,755	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	10,165	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	523,050	244,290	278,755	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	692,915	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	267,200	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	425,720	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	43,235	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	363,545	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	310,905	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	52,640	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	2,463,925	1,224,910	1,239,015	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	1,215	580	630	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	192,685	85,790	106,895	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	145,670	60,275	85,395	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	2,614,385	1,290,090	1,324,290	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	29,945	15,035	14,915	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	15,285	7,020	8,260	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	143,885	59,405	84,475	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	37,590	18,545	19,045	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	1.3	1.4	1.3	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	2,719,185	1,330,900	1,388,280	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	1,628,860	821,870	806,990	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	1,599,230	806,985	792,245	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	29,630	14,880	14,745	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	1,090,325	509,030	581,290	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	1,400	650	755	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	385	160	225	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	20	0	20	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	270	125	140	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	45	15	30	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	20	5	5	355	135	225
Woods Cree	20	10	5	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	175	80	95	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	85	30	60	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	80	30	50	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	120	50	70	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	115	50	65	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	45	15	25	5	0	5
Chilcotin	30	15	10	5	0	5
Dene	20	10	10	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	5	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	15	5	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	25	10	15	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	15	5	10	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	5	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	5	25	15	15
Salish languages	560	280	275	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	75	40	35	0	0	0
Lillooet	300	150	150	0	0	0
Okanagan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	15	15	5	5	0	0
Squamish	35	15	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	15	15	10	5	5
Dakota	20	10	10	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	100	40	55	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	50	20	30	0	0	5
Nisga'a	25	15	15	5	0	0
Tsimshian	20	10	15	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	70	30	40	0	0	5
Haisla	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	5	5	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	85	45	45	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,088,920	508,380	580,540	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,410	11,395	10,015	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	100	65	35	725	405	320
Kabyle	35	25	10	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	1,370	685	685	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	5	5	0	250	140	110
Oromo	175	100	75	1,445	720	730
Somali	1,175	580	600	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	225	115	110
Semitic languages	19,900	10,620	9,275	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	1,165	570	595	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	14,875	8,035	6,840	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	635	310	325	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	435	240	200	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	25	10	15	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	1,805	985	825	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	100	45	55	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	705	350	360	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	145	80	65	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,495	11,685	13,810	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,255	570	685	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	24,205	11,100	13,105	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	84,740	34,635	50,105	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	320	140	175	595	260	330
Cebuano	3,340	1,325	2,015	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	425	215	210	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	1,310	490	820	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	4,725	1,870	2,855	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	15	5	10	100	45	55
Malay	3,575	1,570	2,005	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	645	295	345	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	275	120	155	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	69,045	28,155	40,895	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	180	70	110	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	880	380	500	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	690	355	330	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	420	205	210	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	245	130	110	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	6,425	3,395	3,025	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	235	120	115	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	1,850	955	900	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	3,320	1,720	1,600	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	975	580	400	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	135	70	65	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	473,365	231,000	242,370	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	1,225	630	590	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	1,100	545	555	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	61,285	28,650	32,635	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	700	295	405	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	355	160	195	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	350	140	205	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	60,585	28,355	32,230	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	65	35	35	515	230	280
Bosnian	1,225	610	610	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	1,770	825	945	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	5,645	2,735	2,910	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	4,025	1,925	2,100	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	255	125	135	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	12,975	6,090	6,890	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	19,060	8,655	10,410	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	6,395	3,275	3,120	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	1,170	555	615	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	2,610	1,165	1,445	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	605	285	320	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	4,585	1,980	2,605	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	195	95	95	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	350	185	160	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	140	70	65	450	210	240
Welsh	140	75	65	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	225	120	110
Germanic languages	52,285	24,765	27,515	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	1,735	870	860	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	2,515	1,245	1,275	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	11,210	5,405	5,805	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	155	75	85	1,240	630	620
German	33,475	15,695	17,785	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	180	80	95	210	100	110
Norwegian	1,015	500	520	940	405	540
Swedish	1,490	650	845	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	230	115	110	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	225	115	105	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	170	80	85
Greek	5,095	2,640	2,455	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	276,335	136,855	139,485	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	231,470	114,305	117,165	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	2,720	1,415	1,305	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	6,410	3,030	3,380	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	25,065	11,975	13,090	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	45	30	20	345	170	175
Konkani	230	115	110	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	545	290	260	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	950	500	445	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	65	35	30	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	183,165	90,735	92,435	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	1,595	740	855	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,515	755	760	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	9,170	4,685	4,480	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	44,500	22,360	22,145	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	1,715	910	805	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	1,075	570	505	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	41,705	20,875	20,835	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	370	190	175	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	75,690	36,725	38,970	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	130	75	60	285	150	135
Italian	16,075	8,070	8,010	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	12,445	5,880	6,565	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	7,790	3,800	3,990	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	39,190	18,865	20,330	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	420	200	215
Japanese	17,795	6,085	11,715	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	65	35	25	1,200	635	565
Georgian	65	35	25	1,200	635	565
Korean	47,895	21,580	26,315	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	345	150	200	405	180	220
Mongolian	345	145	200	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	2,845	1,430	1,415	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	420	230	190	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	10	5	5	140	60	80
Edo	85	45	35	1,140	475	670
Ewe	60	30	25	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	5	365	180	185
Ga	30	15	20	600	275	325
Ganda	70	35	30	760	360	400
Igbo	165	100	65	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	60	20	30	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	105	40	55	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	55	1,330	545	785
Shona	160	70	85	1,455	660	790
Swahili	650	320	330	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	30	10	20	290	145	150
Yoruba	225	130	95	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	670	305	360	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	155	155	1,610	810	800
Dinka	90	55	35	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	215	95	115	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	720	380	335	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	300	150	150	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	415	230	185	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	390,745	178,580	212,160	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	388,415	177,415	211,000	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	185,300	85,535	99,765	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	2,210	970	1,245	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	176,645	80,060	96,585	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	225	105	120	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10,765	4,800	5,965	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,360	1,920	2,445	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	8,710	3,945	4,770	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	195	80	115	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,330	1,165	1,160	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	1,045	530	515	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	785	380	405	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	275	140	135	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	220	115	110	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	3,100	1,120	1,980	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	1,025	515	515	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	2,055	595	1,460	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	25	10	15
Turkic languages	3,785	2,080	1,700	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	500	275	220	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	2,845	1,605	1,235	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	165	85	85	515	255	260
Uzbek	100	45	50	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	175	75	100	640	295	345
Uralic languages	8,670	4,040	4,630	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	490	210	280	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	2,205	905	1,300	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	5,970	2,925	3,050	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	395	210	185	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	84,315	40,655	43,665	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	5,985	2,890	3,095	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	74,945	36,180	38,765	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	1,655	805	855	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	1,735	780	950	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	2,602,790	1,275,740	1,327,050	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	1,945,020	966,960	978,060	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	1,935,230	962,115	973,115	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	9,790	4,850	4,940	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	657,770	308,775	348,990	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	160	70	90	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	5	10	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	10	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	0	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	10	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lillooet	30	15	15	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Squamish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	5	0	5
Dakota	10	5	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	657,605	308,700	348,900	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,260	6,145	6,115	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	40	20	20	345	175	170
Kabyle	20	10	10	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	700	315	380	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	0	0	0	170	80	85
Oromo	80	40	35	805	380	425
Somali	610	270	345	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	110	50	65
Semitic languages	11,515	5,805	5,705	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	540	250	290	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	8,995	4,560	4,430	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	200	205	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	310	165	145	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	10	5	5	555	250	305
Hebrew	795	410	390	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	5	5	0	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	360	170	190	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	15,890	7,370	8,520	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	635	295	335	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	15,240	7,060	8,175	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	36,345	16,075	20,270	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	70	30	35	90	35	55
Cebuano	1,120	505	615	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	110	55	55	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	375	160	215	910	385	530
Ilocano	1,500	640	855	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	5	5	5	35	15	20
Malay	1,065	490	580	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	140	65	70	445	200	250
Pangasinan	55	25	30	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	31,570	13,940	17,630	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	55	25	30	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	290	140	150	380	175	200
Creole languages	305	135	170	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	225	95	130	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	3,465	1,750	1,720	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	95	40	55	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	950	480	470	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	1,955	975	985	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	460	250	205	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	60	25	30	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	250,500	121,860	128,635	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	565	270	290	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	525	230	290	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	26,725	12,830	13,895	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	165	75	95	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	70	30	40	860	350	515
Lithuanian	95	40	50	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	26,555	12,755	13,805	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	15	5	5	175	80	90
Bosnian	565	280	285	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	940	435	505	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	1,820	855	965	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	1,140	580	560	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	120	55	65	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	4,765	2,270	2,490	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	11,215	5,320	5,895	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	3,500	1,775	1,725	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	440	205	235	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	855	415	435	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	30	35	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	1,090	510	580	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	355	160	190
Celtic languages	40	20	20	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	60	30	25
Welsh	20	5	10	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	6,425	3,000	3,420	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	665	315	350	755	365	390
Danish	210	100	100	280	135	150
Dutch	1,015	470	545	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	10	5	5	90	45	45
German	4,105	1,895	2,205	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	55	25	30	45	20	30
Norwegian	75	35	40	70	30	40
Swedish	250	120	135	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	145	60	85
Yiddish	10	5	0	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	655	315	340
Greek	1,780	860	925	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	182,115	89,165	92,955	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	152,620	74,855	77,765	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	1,595	785	805	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	2,790	1,235	1,560	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	11,650	5,515	6,135	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	5	5	5	65	30	35
Konkani	40	20	20	540	260	280
Marathi	250	125	120	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	560	295	270	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	20	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	129,170	63,680	65,495	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	595	255	340	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	615	300	315	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	5,320	2,630	2,690	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	29,305	14,210	15,090	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	1,055	535	525	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	665	335	330	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	27,585	13,350	14,235	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	32,330	15,490	16,840	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	60	30	35	135	60	75
Italian	4,020	1,750	2,270	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	5,225	2,485	2,740	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	3,520	1,695	1,825	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	19,490	9,525	9,960	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	110	50	60
Japanese	8,645	3,575	5,075	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	20	10	5	770	420	355
Georgian	20	10	10	775	420	355
Korean	35,705	16,415	19,295	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	165	75	85	225	115	110
Mongolian	160	80	90	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	765	345	425	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	125	70	60	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	5	0	5	25	15	15
Edo	20	10	10	305	120	180
Ewe	15	5	10	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Ga	0	0	5	175	80	100
Ganda	5	5	5	195	85	110
Igbo	35	20	15	540	265	275
Lingala	35	10	25	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	35	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	15	30	420	160	260
Shona	45	20	25	455	210	245
Swahili	165	70	95	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	5	0	0	130	65	65
Yoruba	40	20	20	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	70	90	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	60	75	550	260	290
Dinka	55	30	20	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	425	195	225
Sign languages	940	515	425	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	320	160	155	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	620	355	260	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	287,365	131,920	155,445	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	285,705	131,085	154,620	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	132,670	60,485	72,180	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	680	280	395	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	139,860	64,645	75,215	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	60	30	35	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,665	2,120	2,550	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,500	1,150	1,350	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,155	2,325	2,830	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,660	835	825	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	685	350	340	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	705	345	365	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	180	95	85	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	1,140	500	640	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	435	210	225	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	695	285	415	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	1,590	830	760	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	180	95	85	770	385	380
Turkish	1,225	645	585	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	100	50	50	290	150	140
Uzbek	40	25	15	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	250	130	120
Uralic languages	2,190	1,035	1,155	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	75	30	45	790	290	500
Finnish	495	225	275	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	1,620	785	835	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	55	65	465	245	225
Multiple responses	200,710	95,815	104,895	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	3,910	1,875	2,030	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	193,705	92,555	101,150	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	535	240	295	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	2,560	1,135	1,425	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	2,249,180	1,108,510	1,140,675	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	244,785	118,650	126,135	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	22,820	10,360	12,455	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	277,825	129,870	147,955	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	1,440	680	755	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	276,385	129,185	147,200	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	1,020	465	555	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	5,060	2,370	2,690	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	2,710	1,285	1,430	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	85	45	40	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	2,359,980	1,143,780	1,216,205	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,263,230	1,097,500	1,165,730	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,405	38,991	27,391	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,266,270	1,100,245	1,166,025	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,270	34,158	25,579	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,034,790	1,003,285	1,031,505	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,175	39,492	26,202	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,575,265	671,850	903,420	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,847	1,483	3,722	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,700,820	863,460	837,360	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,005	39,839	27,429	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	2,360,010	1,143,755	1,216,260	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,263,515	1,097,270	1,166,245	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,142	55,079	37,735	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,266,585	1,100,070	1,166,515	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,095	44,153	32,383	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,034,275	1,002,715	1,031,560	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,383	56,119	36,919	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,575,245	671,185	904,060	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,404	6,206	6,552	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,700,825	863,425	837,395	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,163	54,051	35,998	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	2,360,010	1,143,750	1,216,255	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	726,080	414,225	311,860	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	54,361	60,328	48,283	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	66,709	74,780	55,988	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	90.4	93.1	86.6	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	73.6	77.2	68.6	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	9.6	6.9	13.4	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	2,359,985	1,143,775	1,216,205	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	96,755	46,275	50,480	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	2,263,230	1,097,505	1,165,725	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.9	96.0	95.8	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	379,360	161,345	218,020	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	399,980	164,660	235,315	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	290,520	122,995	167,530	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	246,310	110,555	135,755	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	216,680	102,005	114,670	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	171,470	87,240	84,235	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	133,090	74,720	58,365	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	101,915	59,560	42,360	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	80,390	47,760	32,625	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	57,335	35,475	21,860	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	186,180	131,190	54,990	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	121,035	82,855	38,180	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	65,150	48,335	16,810	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	2,359,985	1,143,775	1,216,205	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	93,715	43,530	50,180	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	2,266,270	1,100,250	1,166,020	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.2	95.9	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	393,465	169,995	223,465	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	418,950	175,390	243,560	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	342,985	148,440	194,535	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	290,545	132,940	157,605	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	240,205	118,335	121,870	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	174,880	96,725	78,155	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	124,580	73,005	51,575	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	89,825	53,595	36,230	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	190,840	131,820	59,020	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	56,960	36,765	20,195	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	36,120	24,605	11,515	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	97,760	70,450	27,310	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	2,359,985	1,143,780	1,216,205	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	659,160	280,320	378,845	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	1,700,820	863,460	837,365	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	72.1	75.5	68.9	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	244,220	109,730	134,490	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	129,965	55,085	74,880	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	230,480	101,020	129,455	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	190,490	85,735	104,760	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	176,405	81,450	94,955	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	161,450	76,815	84,635	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	129,645	68,330	61,315	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	102,940	60,195	42,745	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	81,320	48,935	32,380	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	253,910	176,170	77,740	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	65,415	39,925	25,495	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	46,105	29,835	16,275	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	142,390	106,410	35,975	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	1,099,695	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,196	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,053	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	310,905	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,372	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,199	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	788,795	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,035	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,340	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	94,975	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	78,518	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	310,915	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,938	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,547	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	788,785	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	113,122	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,485	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	30,630	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	17,065	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	32,640	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	43,985	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	42,275	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	41,105	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,415	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	42,545	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	42,390	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	42,405	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	80,975	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	75,570	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	69,635	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	63,805	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	57,215	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	375,045	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	115,425	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	82,570	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	92,765	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	84,285	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	32,700	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	17,320	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	33,215	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45,480	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	48,020	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	49,460	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	51,105	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	51,010	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	51,270	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	49,860	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	93,555	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	84,995	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	77,590	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	67,820	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	58,630	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	287,680	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	111,745	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	69,220	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	106,720	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	752,860	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,058	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,285	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	262,680	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,407	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,424	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	355,980	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,233	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,154	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	107,585	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,944	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,241	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	752,275	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,507	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,570	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	262,190	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	106,855	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,973	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	356,320	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,464	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,910	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	107,230	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	66,377	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,086	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	445,180	215,390	229,790	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,939	33,649	30,619	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,854	30,052	27,923	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	444,385	214,355	230,025	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,880	45,497	40,441	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,905	37,587	34,337	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	2,785,950	1,363,490	1,422,460	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,368,265	652,270	715,990	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	341,810	163,715	178,095	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	265,710	122,465	143,240	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	248,540	118,045	130,495	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	252,745	121,750	130,995	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	259,460	126,290	133,170	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	1,417,690	711,220	706,470	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	263,840	129,595	134,245	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	270,630	134,665	135,960	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	280,375	140,545	139,830	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	292,430	147,565	144,870	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	310,410	158,850	151,565	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	2,765,265	1,353,365	1,411,895	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	516,045	266,115	249,925	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	163,605	84,390	79,210	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	1,826,895	890,630	936,270	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	422,320	196,615	225,700	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	447,165	210,170	236,995	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	96,245	49,470	46,775	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	28,685	14,645	14,035	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	282,590	131,785	150,805	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	68,325	28,910	39,415	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2	15.5	16.8	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	18.7	18.6	18.7	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	17.5	17.4	17.7	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	15.5	14.8	16.1	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	16.2	14.7	17.5	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	362,850	173,035	189,820	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	73,360	37,575	35,785	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	21,070	10,705	10,365	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	250,495	119,190	131,305	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	39,000	16,265	22,730	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.1	12.8	13.4	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.1	14.3	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	12.7	13.1	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	9.2	8.3	10.1	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,455	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	2,640,970	1,303,270	1,337,695	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	2,639,805	1,302,720	1,337,090	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	192,705	85,720	106,980	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	1,306,390	615,640	690,750	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	2,870	1,285	1,590	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	550	220	330	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	15	0	15	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	355	165	190	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	10	0	10	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	105	50	50	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	20	0	15	605	255	350
Woods Cree	20	10	0	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	210	100	105	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	10	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	15	0	10	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	160	40	120	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	15	0	10	205	95	105
Ojibway	130	35	95	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	105	35	65	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	100	30	70	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	10	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	55	15	45	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	20	10	10	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haida	70	40	30	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	35	35	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	45	20	30	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	25	10	15	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	20	10	10	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	40	20	25	180	65	110
Salish languages	1,630	740	885	10	0	10
Comox	15	0	20	0	0	0
Halkomelem	270	95	175	0	0	0
Lillooet	735	375	360	0	0	0
Okanagan	35	10	25	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Squamish	275	120	150	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	225	110	115	10	0	10
Siouan languages	35	15	20	40	10	30
Dakota	20	10	15	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	190	80	110	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	60	15	40	10	0	10
Nisga'a	70	30	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian	65	30	35	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	110	45	60	10	10	0
Haisla	30	10	25	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	15	0	10	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	55	40	20	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	50	40	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,303,630	614,405	689,225	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	30,405	15,945	14,460	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	135	90	45	925	505	415
Kabyle	65	40	25	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	65	50	15	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	1,880	875	1,010	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	15	0	10	355	200	160
Oromo	190	110	80	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	1,680	760	920	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	370	170	205
Semitic languages	28,645	15,140	13,500	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	1,775	915	860	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	20,905	11,210	9,695	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	760	370	390	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	565	280	280	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	55	40	20	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	4,755	2,465	2,285	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	205	105	100	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	945	515	430	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	300	160	145	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	60	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	31,905	15,255	16,650	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,530	675	860	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	30,450	14,600	15,855	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	110,050	45,925	64,120	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	500	210	290	755	340	425
Cebuano	4,390	1,675	2,715	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	1,015	595	415	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	1,420	620	805	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	5,790	2,255	3,535	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	10	10	10	215	115	100
Malay	6,565	3,110	3,460	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	810	355	455	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	440	175	260	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,505	40,840	58,665	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	275	120	155	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,250	620	625	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	1,975	1,075	905	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	85	30	55	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	1,130	615	515	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	775	440	340	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	9,165	4,855	4,310	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	450	210	235	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	2,690	1,445	1,250	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	4,990	2,605	2,385	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	1,505	875	630	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	150	80	75	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	606,020	295,920	310,100	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	1,345	685	665	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	1,525	765	760	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	70,430	33,565	36,865	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	700	340	365	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	355	190	165	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	345	150	200	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	69,925	33,325	36,605	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	210	100	115	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	1,905	960	950	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	2,060	905	1,155	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	8,215	4,035	4,185	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	5,110	2,410	2,700	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	350	185	165	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	14,920	7,050	7,875	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	25,195	11,850	13,340	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	8,195	4,205	3,990	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	1,270	615	660	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	3,395	1,615	1,775	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	810	365	445	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	6,715	2,940	3,775	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	265	130	130	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	1,275	690	580	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	375	240	130	1,480	720	765
Welsh	165	65	100	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	735	395	340	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	74,345	35,630	38,715	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	4,835	2,450	2,380	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	2,965	1,380	1,590	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	13,630	6,490	7,145	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	235	120	120	1,655	820	835
German	49,850	24,225	25,630	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	240	120	115	285	130	155
Norwegian	1,655	840	815	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	3,150	1,365	1,785	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	265	135	135	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	400	190	215	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	7,620	3,910	3,710	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	336,265	167,320	168,945	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	287,450	142,700	144,750	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	3,180	1,625	1,550	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	10,885	5,150	5,735	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	75,365	36,670	38,690	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	50	25	25	600	300	300
Konkani	375	185	185	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	1,315	680	645	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	1,205	600	600	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	224,725	112,300	112,425	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	3,160	1,355	1,805	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,275	1,175	1,100	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	15,175	7,935	7,240	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	49,840	25,165	24,670	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	2,145	1,140	1,000	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	1,555	865	690	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	47,490	23,955	23,540	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	800	400	405	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	128,015	60,770	67,250	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	260	130	130	515	275	240
Italian	26,860	13,060	13,795	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	16,500	7,865	8,635	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	8,915	4,380	4,540	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	82,035	38,455	43,580	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	160	90	1,355	745	605
Japanese	30,230	13,165	17,075	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	100	50	50	1,555	775	780
Georgian	100	55	45	1,555	770	785
Korean	52,875	24,230	28,645	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	515	225	285
Mongolian	335	160	175	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	6,235	3,245	2,995	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	510	290	220	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	30	15	10	385	195	185
Edo	130	75	60	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	115	75	40	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	15	40	700	320	375
Ga	95	60	35	1,340	645	695
Ganda	115	60	55	1,225	550	675
Igbo	240	145	95	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	240	110	130	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	105	35	65	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	210	95	115	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	285	130	150	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	2,795	1,510	1,285	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	30	15	15	730	355	375
Yoruba	620	315	310	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,455	680	775	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	170	175	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	70	40	25	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	280	125	150	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	4,190	1,670	2,520	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	2,340	830	1,515	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,915	860	1,050	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	435,155	200,830	234,325	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	432,595	199,535	233,065	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	224,860	104,045	120,820	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	2,575	1,230	1,345	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	252,570	114,045	138,535	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	125	60	70	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15,800	7,005	8,795	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,405	2,355	3,045	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	8,995	4,120	4,875	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	195	80	115	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,845	1,425	1,415	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	1,395	685	710	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	955	490	470	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	340	180	155	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	295	140	155	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	4,370	1,795	2,580	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	1,510	705	805	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	3,085	1,170	1,915	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	6,105	3,320	2,785	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	835	450	385	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	5,005	2,710	2,295	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	110	50	55	700	350	345
Uzbek	170	95	75	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	250	135	110	915	450	465
Uralic languages	10,045	4,660	5,385	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	545	225	320	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	2,415	975	1,435	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	7,105	3,455	3,650	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	750	410	345	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	2,785,955	1,363,490	1,422,455	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	2,438,345	1,198,880	1,239,475	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	478,730	247,515	231,220	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,959,615	951,360	1,008,250	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	347,600	164,620	182,980	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,455	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	1,642,775	827,820	814,950	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	1,060,950	495,680	565,270	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	234,190	112,395	121,790	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	128,370	59,885	68,480	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	261,075	120,580	140,495	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	285,550	131,230	154,325	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	132,730	60,770	71,960	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	152,820	70,455	82,365	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	151,770	71,595	80,175	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	82,225	39,990	42,235	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	1,060,955	495,685	565,270	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	84,650	42,820	41,830	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	169,630	87,445	82,185	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	223,525	101,380	122,140	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	449,595	202,210	247,390	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	133,555	61,825	71,725	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,060,955	495,680	565,270	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	73,630	34,405	39,230	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	3,155	1,295	1,860	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	3,280	1,500	1,785	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	4,880	2,460	2,415	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	1,005	470	535	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	355	165	190	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	2,430	1,265	1,160	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	8,415	3,660	4,755	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	2,790	1,185	1,605	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	2,075	985	1,090	52,810	23,515	29,300
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	30,710	14,535	16,170	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	14,530	6,880	7,655	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	195,870	96,100	99,775	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,045	1,965	2,085	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	4,215	2,140	2,070	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	3,780	1,975	1,800	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	16,720	8,055	8,665	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	3,030	1,600	1,420	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	4,055	2,065	1,995	22,085	10,495	11,590
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	4,180	2,235	1,950	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	10,820	5,575	5,245	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	9,435	4,725	4,710	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	11,475	5,350	6,125	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	4,850	2,415	2,435	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	7,685	3,715	3,970	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	9,090	3,930	5,160	42,980	18,540	24,440
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	3,880	1,945	1,935	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	6,125	2,900	3,225	39,945	18,150	21,795
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	67,055	33,460	33,600	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	25,425	12,045	13,385	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	34,215	17,305	16,910	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	440	280	160	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	2,260	1,225	1,040	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	1,695	855	845	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	4,245	1,975	2,275	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	775	415	360	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	1,360	715	645	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	1,020	485	535	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	9,070	4,675	4,400	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	13,340	6,690	6,655	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	731,625	335,645	395,985	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	4,910	2,475	2,435	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	1,870	950	925	39,410	19,970	19,440
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	190,400	85,025	105,380	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	72,080	33,105	38,975	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	149,035	72,570	76,465	360,540	179,950	180,590
IranCensus data footnote 61	35,450	18,010	17,440	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	5,360	2,740	2,620	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	11,305	3,365	7,940	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	38,265	17,415	20,845	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	1,920	1,080	835	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	9,590	4,925	4,665	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	99,720	41,755	57,965	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	4,310	2,240	2,070	109,855	53,640	56,215
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	2,455	1,240	1,215	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	37,695	16,975	20,725	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	25,045	11,730	13,315	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	42,210	20,045	22,165	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	25,610	12,230	13,380	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	151,770	71,595	80,175	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	10,965	5,510	5,455	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	1,005	460	550	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	480	225	250	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	75	40	40	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	25	15	10	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	215	145	75	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	2,410	1,215	1,195	5,670	2,745	2,925
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	4,555	2,375	2,180	14,635	7,225	7,405
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	230	105	125	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	1,970	930	1,045	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	15,015	7,805	7,205	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	830	440	385	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	835	480	350	1,695	885	805
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	1,240	780	460	1,900	1,185	715
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	210	115	100	880	400	480
Romania	595	255	335	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	1,455	510	945	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	1,005	415	590	4,455	2,005	2,445
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	4,570	2,710	1,860	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	4,285	2,115	2,170	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	4,725	2,440	2,285	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	55	35	20	415	180	240
Cameroon	55	20	30	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	70	50	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	10	605	245	360
Egypt	550	290	250	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	295	165	135	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	250	140	110	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	145	80	60	655	275	375
Nigeria	465	230	235	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	350	145	205	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	930	500	430	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	70	30	40	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	1,425	725	700	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	118,640	54,515	64,125	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	855	455	405	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	390	185	205	8,180	4,055	4,125
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	36,160	16,125	20,035	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	1,695	715	985	1,985	800	1,190
India	25,310	12,630	12,685	69,325	35,060	34,265
IranCensus data footnote 61	8,330	4,165	4,165	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	1,865	915	950	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	300	170	125	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	1,940	500	1,440	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	7,010	3,025	3,990	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	220	120	100	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	225	90	130	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	1,735	875	860	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	21,280	9,535	11,745	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	340	150	190	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	510	250	255	8,185	3,580	4,605
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	1,900	960	940	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	2,350	920	1,430	1,015	435	580
Turkey	365	205	160	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	350	180	175	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	1,580	620	955	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	3,935	1,740	2,195	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	2,425	1,325	1,100	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	1,390	760	635	1,535	965	565
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	1,030	560	470	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	2,785,950	1,363,490	1,422,460	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generationCensus data footnote 69	1,164,225	546,545	617,680	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	692,475	350,455	342,020	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	929,250	466,495	462,760	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	842,360	390,980	451,380	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	478,795	230,180	248,615	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	184,285	108,865	75,425	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	294,505	121,320	173,190	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	277,865	115,910	161,960	940,405	382,890	557,520
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	74,335	39,850	34,490	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	11,360	5,040	6,325	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,460	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	90,735	43,175	47,560	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	88,090	41,930	46,160	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	55,070	26,340	28,730	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	32,515	15,375	17,145	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	500	210	290	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	1,490	725	760	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	1,160	515	645	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,695,215	1,320,320	1,374,895	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	2,785,955	1,363,495	1,422,455	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	38,880	18,350	20,525	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,747,075	1,345,150	1,401,925	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,455	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	23,850	11,680	12,175	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	23,400	11,460	11,940	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	19,945	9,730	10,210	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	3,300	1,655	1,645	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	160	75	80	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	455	220	235	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	385	195	195	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	40	25	15	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	0	25	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	82,685	39,360	43,325	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	79,535	37,970	41,570	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	52,240	24,945	27,295	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	26,790	12,790	14,000	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	505	235	270	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	3,150	1,395	1,755	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,055	1,370	1,685	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	0	30	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	15	25	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	15	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	2,679,410	1,312,455	1,366,955	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	2,785,955	1,363,495	1,422,455	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	1,250,700	596,985	653,710	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	332,655	166,605	166,055	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	479,145	224,140	255,005	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	32,680	16,875	15,800	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	127,275	55,855	71,420	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	37,210	17,555	19,650	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	16,995	9,125	7,865	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	47,510	22,710	24,795	133,855	63,255	70,605
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	46,420	23,715	22,705	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	55,375	25,580	29,790	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	31,925	13,410	18,510	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	6,960	3,400	3,560	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	36,555	18,015	18,540	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	1,535,255	766,510	768,745	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,460	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	106,540	51,040	55,500	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	75,720	36,270	39,455	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	820	355	465	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	33,620	16,025	17,590	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	439,735	219,965	219,765	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	1,905	955	950	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	38,715	18,735	19,980	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	412,140	206,505	205,640	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	15	0	0	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	805	465	345	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	85	45	40	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	45	35	15	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	890	500	390	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	235	115	120	675	375	300
European origins	1,452,805	720,230	732,570	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	930,010	461,175	468,835	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	200	105	95	1,120	530	590
Cornish	265	140	125	755	370	385
English	573,370	282,035	291,340	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	332,255	158,830	173,420	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	865	415	455	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	414,800	203,290	211,510	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	54,145	25,960	28,185	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	66,330	32,735	33,600	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	182,475	87,615	94,860	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	125	50	70	1,235	495	740
Breton	50	15	35	290	175	120
Corsican	80	35	45	205	125	85
French	182,340	87,550	94,785	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	410,995	202,180	208,820	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	25,455	11,990	13,465	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	80	45	35	450	225	230
Belgian	9,620	4,740	4,875	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	112,435	55,435	56,995	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	1,180	595	580	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	430	190	245	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	289,180	142,260	146,920	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	360	185	175	915	500	415
Swiss	13,990	6,965	7,020	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	510	230	285	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	160,860	77,325	83,535	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	28,535	13,830	14,705	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	17,225	8,250	8,970	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	13,230	6,520	6,715	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	61,165	29,595	31,570	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	50,575	23,285	27,295	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	6,470	3,325	3,145	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	307,075	148,850	158,230	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	3,155	1,455	1,700	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	1,950	990	960	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	13,395	6,490	6,905	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	3,300	1,600	1,695	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	3,005	1,405	1,600	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	30,970	15,200	15,770	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	2,815	1,430	1,385	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	4,635	2,200	2,440	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	755	355	395	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	82,770	39,600	43,175	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	19,850	9,650	10,205	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	73,035	34,960	38,075	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	7,225	3,390	3,840	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	114,455	55,670	58,785	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	2,430	1,125	1,310	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	216,160	107,315	108,845	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	1,545	755	785	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	2,845	1,405	1,440	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	75	55	20	285	180	110
Croatian	16,635	8,565	8,070	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	370	215	155	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	17,690	9,105	8,590	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	98,515	49,760	48,760	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	215	110	105	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	920	485	435	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	1,400	760	645	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	600	290	315	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	26,515	13,145	13,375	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	10,505	5,465	5,040	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	260	165	100	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	3,360	1,645	1,715	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	48,080	22,230	25,855	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	3,680	1,710	1,975	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	270	120	150	965	425	540
Other European origins	21,440	11,170	10,265	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	555	325	230	1,585	805	780
Jewish	12,200	6,300	5,900	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	375	155	225	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	550	280	270	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	7,890	4,170	3,725	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	18,050	9,030	9,015	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	155	80	75	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	190	105	85	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	1,410	740	670	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	170	85	85	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	60	35	25	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	965	475	495	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	550	255	295	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	280	155	130	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	70	20	50
Haitian	810	375	440	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	7,255	3,770	3,485	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	100	50	45	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	20	0	20	195	65	125
Montserratan	20	10	10	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	320	135	180	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	125	60	70	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	3,365	1,685	1,685	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	330	150	185	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	1,560	720	845	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	1,525	750	775	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	54,280	26,245	28,035	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,990	1,030	960	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	70	30	40	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	1,510	685	830	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	40	15	20	810	395	415
Bolivian	220	85	135	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	4,475	2,025	2,445	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	4,155	2,000	2,160	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	4,860	2,380	2,475	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	540	255	285	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	835	410	425	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	2,210	1,140	1,070	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	1,360	715	645	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	1,345	645	695	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	1,210	630	575	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	655	350	310	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	16,750	7,980	8,765	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	1,155	535	620	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	210	105	105	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	695	390	305	600	280	320
Peruvian	3,245	1,505	1,745	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	6,030	3,015	3,020	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	315	170	140	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	1,620	780	835	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	2,730	1,340	1,390	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	44,450	22,695	21,750	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	5,305	2,850	2,455	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	30	20	10	965	540	425
Angolan	80	45	25	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	65	25	40	1,205	620	585
Beninese	30	15	15	555	280	270
Burkinabe	25	15	10	415	190	225
Cameroonian	105	60	40	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Congolese	685	360	320	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	80	55	25	1,025	545	480
Ewe	55	25	30	180	95	80
Gabonese	10	0	10	170	80	90
Gambian	25	10	10	630	305	330
Ghanaian	1,295	715	580	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	125	40	80	1,105	550	560
Ibo	205	125	85	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	50	30	15	1,350	600	745
Liberian	215	90	125	770	365	405
Malian	40	25	10	490	250	240
Malinké	0	0	0	345	160	185
Nigerian	1,825	995	835	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	25	0	15	135	80	55
Senegalese	45	35	20	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	100	55	50	1,175	585	585
Togolese	85	45	35	670	370	300
Wolof	0	0	0	80	45	35
Yoruba	175	85	90	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	430	205	225	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	7,985	4,195	3,785	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	640	380	260	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	185	115	70	1,845	985	860
Coptic	125	70	55	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	45	25	20	205	110	95
Egyptian	3,670	1,910	1,760	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	210	150	60	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	125	55	70	290	160	125
Moroccan	1,610	860	750	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	1,115	480	640	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	385	215	170	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	175	110	70	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	18,610	9,405	9,205	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	405	195	210	560	285	275
Amhara	115	60	50	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	240	130	115	870	455	415
Burundian	195	90	110	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	0	0	0	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	965	520	445	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	2,045	1,070	975	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	1,295	630	670	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	85	50	35	430	200	230
Mauritian	820	445	370	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	120	70	50	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	315	175	140	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	20	15	10	350	140	205
Somali	2,120	1,020	1,105	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	7,300	3,715	3,575	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	440	180	260	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	185	100	90	770	395	375
Ugandan	600	295	310	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	135	75	60	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	645	325	315	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	65	25	40	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	1,515	760	755	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	13,295	6,660	6,630	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	1,710	850	860	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	11,705	5,870	5,840	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	1,189,105	566,675	622,425	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	88,160	45,495	42,665	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	7,590	3,840	3,750	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	4,765	2,575	2,195	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	3,005	1,545	1,460	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	485	265	215	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	885	515	375	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	575	300	275	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	50	30	25	680	390	290
Iranian	44,765	22,725	22,040	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	5,335	2,715	2,620	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	2,210	1,175	1,035	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	640	330	305	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	285	170	110	1,325	610	715
Kurd	2,015	1,100	915	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	105	70	35	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	170	90	80	340	130	210
Lebanese	5,675	2,990	2,680	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	2,325	1,250	1,070	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	355	195	160	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	570	340	230	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	2,970	1,430	1,545	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	240	120	120	1,850	880	970
Tatar	675	335	345	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	5,385	2,970	2,415	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	75	45	25	695	345	355
Uighur	100	50	50	755	385	375
Uzbek	245	135	110	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	270	175	100	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	2,250	1,160	1,085	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	329,365	164,860	164,515	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	1,520	745	775	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	760	360	405	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	95	55	45	1,450	710	735
East Indian	279,460	139,455	140,010	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	330	165	165	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	620	295	320	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	160	85	80	1,795	900	895
Nepali	1,185	575	610	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	11,340	5,880	5,460	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	36,160	18,325	17,835	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	560	300	260	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	5,275	2,785	2,495	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	1,085	595	485	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	7,735	3,820	3,915	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	777,360	359,255	418,110	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	2,055	1,050	1,010	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,645	1,270	1,380	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	505,320	236,935	268,385	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	138,480	61,160	77,320	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	115	60	60	650	340	305
Indonesian	5,175	2,460	2,715	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	39,800	17,265	22,535	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	890	450	445	1,645	830	815
Korean	57,945	26,850	31,095	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	2,325	1,170	1,155	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	4,360	2,020	2,345	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	1,065	515	550	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	910	430	485	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	20,485	9,395	11,085	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	3,670	1,430	2,240	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	490	260	230	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	36,615	17,945	18,670	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	690	295	395	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	1,960	990	975	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	1,960	990	975	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	29,900	15,010	14,885	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	10,110	5,350	4,765	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	3,900	2,015	1,885	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	16,405	7,935	8,470	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	13,520	6,580	6,935	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	1,065	445	630	470	235	240
Maori	675	385	295	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	395	170	225	275	115	165
Samoan	300	165	135	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	700	340	360	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	713,665	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	385,315	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	720	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	320,920	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	778,775	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	1,099,695	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	17,830	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	222,920	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	297,430	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	256,885	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	304,630	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	448,155	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	150,085	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	119,960	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	100,175	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	281,330	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,063,790	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	35,910	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	1,022,865	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	76,835	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	1,099,695	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	141,215	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	291,790	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	176,270	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	201,335	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	82,040	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	110,680	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	96,365	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,036,760	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	62,940	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	634,075	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	419,750	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,865	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	1,099,700	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	33,720	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	160,215	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	194,530	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	237,445	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	217,460	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	148,500	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	77,755	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	30,070	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	1,085,045	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	746,225	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	338,820	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	270,200	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	703,945	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	24.6	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,352	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,581	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	700,255	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	939,163	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	383,190	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	12.8	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	43.3	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,111	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,222	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	2,360,010	1,143,755	1,216,260	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	343,535	168,935	174,605	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	686,895	336,215	350,685	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,329,580	638,610	690,970	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	163,580	117,280	46,300	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	74,665	43,065	31,595	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	88,920	74,215	14,705	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	397,400	164,850	232,550	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90,095	37,400	52,700	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	678,500	319,070	359,425	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	446,730	204,770	241,955	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	49,140	20,395	28,745	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	19,690	10,760	8,930	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	138,725	68,075	70,650	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	24,215	15,070	9,150	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	1,583,325	765,210	818,115	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,335	72,020	64,315	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	399,705	199,385	200,320	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,047,285	493,805	553,475	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	114,865	83,125	31,735	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	52,430	30,455	21,975	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	62,435	52,670	9,760	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	306,545	127,300	179,250	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	67,405	27,635	39,770	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	558,470	255,745	302,725	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	366,625	165,110	201,510	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,245	15,785	23,455	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15,685	7,910	7,770	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	118,405	56,090	62,310	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	18,520	10,845	7,675	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	2,360,015	1,143,755	1,216,260	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	1,030,430	505,145	525,285	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	81,245	18,285	62,965	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	81,250	18,285	62,965	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	72,100	33,070	39,035	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,450	9,435	3,020	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	59,650	23,635	36,015	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	89,195	34,325	54,870	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,785	2,755	9,025	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	24,505	7,600	16,910	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	27,660	10,705	16,955	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	360	135	220	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,510	2,685	1,825	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,385	4,395	2,995	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	10,480	5,565	4,915	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	2,500	475	2,025	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	169,555	62,275	107,280	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,765	740	2,030	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,515	6,340	11,175	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	22,285	1,960	20,325	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	26,665	9,855	16,810	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	2,930	850	2,075	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	29,175	8,190	20,985	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	68,220	34,340	33,880	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	285,235	120,410	164,825	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	480	140	340	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	12,395	2,925	9,470	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	272,360	117,350	155,015	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	59,630	31,260	28,375	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	24,250	10,835	13,415	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	14,285	7,045	7,245	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	655	170	485	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	18,510	12,515	6,000	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,930	695	1,235	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,370	39,255	21,110	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,755	33,645	14,110	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	3,585	505	3,080	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,420	4,725	3,690	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	605	380	230	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	242,705	215,370	27,340	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	11,965	7,655	4,315	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	77,985	63,215	14,770	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	38,270	33,820	4,445	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	25	15	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	47,985	46,495	1,490	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	44,505	43,115	1,390	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	21,955	21,045	910	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,215	12,305	8,905	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,030	7,030	6,005	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	8,185	5,280	2,900	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	184,110	40,830	143,275	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	14,595	7,525	7,075	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	163,815	30,150	133,660	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,695	3,155	2,540	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	63,980	31,145	32,840	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	43,465	13,975	29,485	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	120	115	10	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	370	15	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	7,505	5,540	1,960	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	12,505	11,140	1,370	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	240	75	160	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	240	75	160	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	1,583,325	765,210	818,115	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	536,045	271,405	264,635	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	56,990	12,000	44,990	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	56,985	11,995	44,990	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	58,315	26,545	31,775	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,795	7,445	2,350	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	48,515	19,095	29,415	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	69,615	25,905	43,715	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	9,420	2,000	7,420	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	18,870	5,745	13,130	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	22,325	8,355	13,975	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	280	115	165	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,495	2,055	1,445	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,270	3,115	2,150	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	8,105	4,165	3,940	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	1,845	355	1,485	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	138,545	49,215	89,325	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,410	630	1,780	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15,000	5,285	9,715	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	17,730	1,550	16,185	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	21,915	7,315	14,600	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	2,370	690	1,680	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	23,285	6,240	17,045	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	55,835	27,515	28,320	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	232,260	96,650	135,610	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	350	120	230	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,770	2,215	7,560	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	222,140	94,315	127,825	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45,260	22,930	22,325	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,250	8,440	10,805	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10,485	4,975	5,505	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	520	125	395	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	13,695	8,945	4,755	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,310	440	870	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	52,935	34,795	18,135	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	43,400	30,660	12,745	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	2,630	385	2,245	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,380	3,440	2,945	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	510	315	200	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	184,345	160,545	23,795	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	9,635	5,795	3,840	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	63,065	49,735	13,330	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	28,185	24,570	3,615	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	20	10	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	35,680	34,460	1,220	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	32,815	31,760	1,060	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	14,935	14,210	725	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,810	9,385	7,425	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,225	5,315	4,905	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	6,580	4,060	2,515	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	143,705	32,145	111,560	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	11,655	5,995	5,660	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	127,575	23,855	103,720	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	4,475	2,295	2,180	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	48,325	23,640	24,685	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	32,480	10,620	21,865	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	45	10	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	145	0	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	6,160	4,465	1,700	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,485	8,365	1,120	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	190	65	130	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	190	65	125	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	2,360,010	1,143,750	1,216,255	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,030,430	505,145	525,285	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	1,329,580	638,605	690,970	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	925,655	446,190	479,465	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	744,325	354,370	389,950	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	181,330	91,820	89,510	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	403,925	192,415	211,510	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	47,055	25,960	21,095	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	49,625	18,340	31,290	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	39,695	19,685	20,005	169,340	85,500	83,840
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	37,425	20,485	16,940	115,690	66,215	49,470
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	59,115	26,525	32,585	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	3,545	1,965	1,580	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	167,460	79,445	88,010	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	1,583,325	765,210	818,115	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	536,040	271,410	264,635	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	1,047,285	493,800	553,480	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	729,685	348,530	381,155	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	593,200	279,360	313,840	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	136,490	69,170	67,320	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	317,600	145,275	172,325	994,025	470,225	523,800
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	34,780	18,680	16,100	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	42,475	15,510	26,960	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	33,475	15,830	17,645	143,205	70,040	73,175
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	23,655	12,740	10,920	62,325	34,315	28,010
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	51,215	22,490	28,720	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	2,950	1,655	1,295	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	129,050	58,365	70,685	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	2,360,010	1,143,755	1,216,255	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	1,545,000	803,635	741,360	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	1,453,780	757,485	696,290	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	91,220	46,150	45,070	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	815,010	340,115	474,895	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	65.5	70.3	61.0	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	61.6	66.2	57.2	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.7	6.1	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	2,360,015	1,143,755	1,216,255	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	762,650	317,295	445,355	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	1,597,365	826,460	770,900	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	749,170	429,675	319,495	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	848,190	396,785	451,405	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.0	41.3	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	1,545,000	803,635	741,365	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	28,125	13,160	14,960	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	1,516,875	790,480	726,400	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	1,308,545	660,730	647,815	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	208,335	129,750	78,585	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	1,545,000	803,635	741,365	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	28,125	13,160	14,965	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	1,516,875	790,475	726,400	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	177,290	110,865	66,420	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	246,295	76,960	169,335	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	109,145	85,895	23,250	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	95,820	22,275	73,550	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	168,285	55,755	112,525	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	67,390	34,230	33,160	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	375,090	164,145	210,940	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	204,040	192,130	11,905	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	26,665	17,415	9,255	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	46,860	30,805	16,055	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	1,545,000	803,635	741,360	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	28,125	13,160	14,965	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	1,516,875	790,475	726,400	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	24,005	12,950	11,055	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,625	4,270	1,350	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	7,550	5,005	2,545	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	118,280	103,430	14,850	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	99,620	68,295	31,325	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	61,385	40,380	21,005	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	170,715	79,410	91,305	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	86,605	66,950	19,660	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	52,940	33,240	19,700	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	69,985	30,580	39,410	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	38,655	21,070	17,585	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	142,645	79,495	63,150	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,425	1,580	1,845	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	70,150	40,470	29,680	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	111,720	37,435	74,290	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	156,670	31,390	125,275	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	35,330	17,885	17,440	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	127,995	55,070	72,925	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	70,130	29,205	40,920	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	63,450	32,365	31,090	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	1,453,785	757,485	696,295	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	121,140	60,495	60,650	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	13,560	9,610	3,950	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	200,490	147,475	53,015	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	1,118,595	539,910	578,675	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,118,590	539,910	578,680	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	509,115	223,950	285,170	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	560,645	286,720	273,925	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	44,075	26,195	17,880	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	4,755	3,050	1,705	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	1,319,080	687,385	631,695	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	876,870	490,785	386,085	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	69,560	28,120	41,435	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	240,765	102,620	138,140	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	85,505	37,225	48,275	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	29,675	19,115	10,560	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	16,710	9,510	7,195	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	1,319,080	687,385	631,695	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	266,155	119,455	146,700	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	422,085	214,965	207,120	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	331,125	183,960	147,170	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	151,550	84,385	67,165	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	148,165	84,615	63,550	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	1,319,080	687,385	631,700	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	92,365	64,240	28,130	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	211,900	129,415	82,480	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	320,695	162,140	158,555	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	291,345	133,145	158,195	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	201,725	90,890	110,835	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	201,055	107,560	93,490	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	1,655,140	854,150	800,990	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	1,610,800	832,040	778,760	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	1,530,345	789,300	741,045	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	1,526,680	788,325	738,360	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	3,660	980	2,680	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	80,450	42,735	37,715	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	10	0	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	80,435	42,735	37,700	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	265	145	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	10	0	0	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	405	265	140	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	295	215	85	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	30	50	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,205	1,020	1,190	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	15	10	95	50	50
Vietnamese	2,185	1,005	1,180	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	760	370	395	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	30	10	15	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	35	15	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	640	305	340	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	30	10	15	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	25	15	15	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	22,135	12,450	9,685	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	10	15	0	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	750	345	405	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	10	10	10	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	10	0	10	45	20	25
Slavic languages	740	335	400	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	10	0	120	85	40
Croatian	25	10	20	155	100	50
Czech	30	20	15	25	20	10
Macedonian	10	0	10	85	35	45
Polish	95	45	50	1,925	960	960
Russian	435	190	250	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	80	45	35	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	10	15	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	20	10	10	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	450	240	205	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	30	15	20
Dutch	95	55	45	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	270	140	130	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	30	10	20
Swedish	30	20	10	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	10	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	55	25	35	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	19,025	10,880	8,145	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	17,945	10,160	7,785	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	15	15	10	335	160	170
Gujarati	40	15	20	730	255	475
Hindi	275	165	110	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	20	10	10	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,545	9,935	7,610	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	10	0	10	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	45	20	20	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	1,075	720	355	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	25	20	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	1,045	695	350	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	1,845	945	900	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	10	10	0	10	0	10
Italian	90	40	50	945	505	445
Portuguese	495	250	250	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	70	45	20	300	140	160
Spanish	1,185	605	575	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	1,580	610	970	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	5,315	2,825	2,495	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	200	60	135	810	295	515
American Sign Language	145	30	120	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	30	20	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,565	24,985	22,575	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	47,480	24,935	22,550	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	22,975	11,690	11,285	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	10	10	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	23,365	12,665	10,700	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	205	120	85	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	880	425	450	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80	50	25	90	50	45
Burmese	20	10	15	10	10	10
Karenic languages	50	35	20	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	10	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	50	60	235	95	145
Lao	10	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	100	45	50	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	45	10	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	35	30	10	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	10	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	15	10	10	75	25	50
Hungarian	15	10	10	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	10	0	10
Multiple responses	44,345	22,115	22,230	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	3,040	1,340	1,700	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	40,890	20,620	20,280	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	45	30	15	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	370	130	245	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	1,655,140	854,155	800,990	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	1,506,445	779,895	726,550	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	32,960	16,915	16,045	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	13,510	5,980	7,525	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	99,580	50,090	49,490	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	225	85	140	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	99,355	50,010	49,340	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	45	30	10	245	100	150
English and non-official language	1,125	540	585	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	1,475	695	780	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	2,758,670	1,349,480	1,409,190	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	2,322,805	1,134,745	1,188,055	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	435,865	214,735	221,130	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	237,275	116,530	120,750	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	198,585	98,210	100,380	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	141,125	69,945	71,175	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	113,300	55,740	57,550	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	27,830	14,205	13,620	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	57,465	28,265	29,200	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	2,648,905	1,292,945	1,355,960	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	1,490,310	727,555	762,760	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	1,158,595	565,395	593,200	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	591,830	288,480	303,350	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	566,765	276,910	289,855	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	369,565	181,370	188,200	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	296,645	145,200	151,445	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	72,920	36,165	36,755	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	197,200	95,545	101,650	549,965	271,080	278,885