Census Profile, 2016 Census
West Kelowna, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	West Kelowna, DM British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Richmond, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , West Kelowna, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : West Kelowna, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	32,655	...	...	3,232	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	30,902 ^r	...	...	3,275	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.7	...	...	-1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	13,190	...	...	1,679	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	12,437	...	...	1,572	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	264.4	...	...	467.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	123.53	...	...	6.92	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	32,655	16,145	16,510	3,235	1,610	1,620
0 to 14 years	5,405	2,810	2,590	450	240	200
0 to 4 years	1,675	895	785	170	90	80
5 to 9 years	1,790	915	875	145	85	65
10 to 14 years	1,935	1,000	930	130	70	60
15 to 64 years	20,590	10,155	10,440	2,005	1,025	975
15 to 19 years	1,895	995	895	140	75	70
20 to 24 years	1,605	830	775	195	100	95
25 to 29 years	1,540	775	765	175	90	85
30 to 34 years	1,895	900	995	170	95	80
35 to 39 years	1,910	935	975	200	105	95
40 to 44 years	1,975	990	990	160	80	85
45 to 49 years	2,235	1,105	1,130	180	90	90
50 to 54 years	2,500	1,185	1,315	240	115	125
55 to 59 years	2,660	1,280	1,380	275	145	130
60 to 64 years	2,380	1,165	1,215	265	135	130
65 years and over	6,660	3,180	3,475	785	340	440
65 to 69 years	2,175	1,070	1,105	245	120	125
70 to 74 years	1,600	780	820	165	85	80
75 to 79 years	1,260	610	655	160	75	85
80 to 84 years	820	420	395	105	35	70
85 years and over	800	305	500	110	30	80
85 to 89 years	545	225	320	65	20	45
90 to 94 years	190	60	135	35	10	25
95 to 99 years	55	20	40	10	0	10
100 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.4	15.7	13.9	14.9	12.3
15 to 64 years	63.1	62.9	63.2	62.0	63.7	60.2
65 years and over	20.4	19.7	21.0	24.3	21.1	27.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.9	3.0	3.4	1.9	4.9
Average age of the population	43.1	42.3	43.9	45.6	43.7	47.5
Median age of the population	45.2	44.2	46.1	48.6	46.1	50.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	12,435	...	...	1,570	...	...
Single-detached house	8,730	...	...	685	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	3,210	...	...	890	...	...
Semi-detached house	475	...	...	70	...	...
Row house	385	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,110	...	...	215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,205	...	...	570	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	495	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	12,440	...	...	1,575	...	...
1 person	2,240	...	...	660	...	...
2 persons	5,280	...	...	540	...	...
3 persons	1,945	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	1,930	...	...	130	...	...
5 or more persons	1,045	...	...	55	...	...
Number of persons in private households	32,065	...	...	3,120	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	27,250	13,335	13,915	2,785	1,365	1,415
Married or living common law	18,125	9,060	9,065	1,500	750	750
Married	15,350	7,680	7,675	870	430	435
Living common law	2,770	1,385	1,385	630	320	315
Not married and not living common law	9,125	4,270	4,855	1,290	620	670
Never married	5,420	3,025	2,390	730	420	305
Separated	700	290	410	50	25	25
Divorced	1,585	645	940	275	125	150
Widowed	1,425	315	1,110	235	45	185
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	10,125	...	...	875	...	...
2 persons	5,710	...	...	515	...	...
3 persons	1,915	...	...	185	...	...
4 persons	1,820	...	...	130	...	...
5 or more persons	685	...	...	50	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	10,130	...	...	880	...	...
Total couple families	8,905	...	...	740	...	...
Married couples	7,520	...	...	420	...	...
Common-law couples	1,385	...	...	315	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,220	...	...	135	...	...
Female parent	935	...	...	105	...	...
Male parent	285	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,905	...	...	740	...	...
Couples without children	4,975	...	...	440	...	...
Couples with children	3,930	...	...	295	...	...
1 child	1,540	...	...	135	...	...
2 children	1,730	...	...	110	...	...
3 or more children	660	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,225	...	...	140	...	...
1 child	730	...	...	75	...	...
2 children	380	...	...	50	...	...
3 or more children	110	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,975	1,880	2,095	765	380	390
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	12,435	...	...	1,575	...	...
One-census-family households	9,520	...	...	870	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	4,675	...	...	440	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,840	...	...	435	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	300	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	2,620	...	...	700	...	...
One-person households	2,240	...	...	660	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	380	...	...	40	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	32,350	16,030	16,320	3,235	1,610	1,620
English only	30,475	15,230	15,245	230	100	130
French only	5	5	5	1,435	685	745
English and French	1,790	765	1,025	1,565	825	745
Neither English nor French	75	35	45	5	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	32,345	16,030	16,315	3,230	1,610	1,625
English	31,830	15,790	16,045	805	400	405
French	395	185	210	2,395	1,190	1,210
English and French	45	25	25	30	20	10
Neither English nor French	75	30	45	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	420	195	225	815	410	410
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.2	1.4	25.2	25.5	25.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	32,350	16,025	16,320	3,230	1,610	1,625
Single responses	32,075	15,905	16,170	3,175	1,580	1,595
Official languages	28,865	14,405	14,460	3,140	1,565	1,575
English	28,420	14,200	14,225	780	390	390
French	440	200	240	2,360	1,175	1,185
Non-official languages	3,210	1,500	1,710	35	20	20
Aboriginal languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,200	1,495	1,700	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	20	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	30	85	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	20	60	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	5	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,545	1,245	1,295	25	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	650	305	345	5	5	0
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	640	305	340	5	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	55	25	20	0	0	0
Czech	80	40	45	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	175	85	85	0	0	0
Russian	105	45	65	5	0	0
Serbian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	25	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	105	40	65	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,300	645	655	15	0	10
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	30	15	10	0	0	0
Dutch	220	120	105	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	975	475	500	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	100	105	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	175	85	85	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	70	75	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	360	180	185	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	130	75	55	0	0	0
Portuguese	50	20	30	0	0	0
Romanian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Spanish	135	55	80	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	65	15	50	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	60	80	0	0	0
Chinese languages	140	55	80	0	0	0
Cantonese	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	25	35	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	165	75	95	5	5	0
Estonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	30	5	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	135	55	70	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	275	125	150	60	30	30
English and French	60	25	35	55	25	25
English and non-official language	200	90	110	0	0	5
French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	32,345	16,030	16,315	3,230	1,610	1,625
Single responses	31,850	15,795	16,060	3,145	1,575	1,570
Official languages	31,055	15,425	15,635	3,135	1,570	1,565
English	30,975	15,395	15,590	775	380	395
French	80	30	50	2,360	1,190	1,170
Non-official languages	790	375	425	10	5	10
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	790	370	420	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	570	270	305	5	0	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	65	75	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	140	65	75	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	30	15	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	25	30	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	240	120	125	5	0	5
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	50	20	30	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	170	85	85	0	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	45	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	50	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	5	0	5
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages	65	35	25	0	0	0
Cantonese	30	15	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	10	20	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	495	230	260	85	40	50
English and French	30	15	20	80	35	45
English and non-official language	450	215	235	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	32,345	16,030	16,320	3,230	1,610	1,625
None	30,480	15,185	15,300	2,690	1,330	1,360
English	415	200	215	275	140	135
French	255	100	155	245	125	120
Non-official language	1,175	535	640	25	10	10
Aboriginal	30	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,140	520	615	25	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	5	5	0	5	0
French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,665	13,120	13,540	2,675	1,325	1,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,845	12,720	13,120	2,605	1,295	1,305
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,514	47,260	28,943	28,416	33,296	24,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,875	12,750	13,130	2,600	1,300	1,305
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,456	40,895	26,675	25,888	29,683	22,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,125	12,085	12,035	2,205	1,125	1,075
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,699	43,984	24,451	25,813	31,552	20,544
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	17,485	7,500	9,985	2,140	1,010	1,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,126	8,190	6,559	9,014	8,208	10,123
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,250	9,965	9,285	1,715	920	795
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,828	42,829	24,825	28,736	34,624	24,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	26,680	13,135	13,545	2,700	1,330	1,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,895	12,795	13,105	2,585	1,285	1,300
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,910	62,470	37,645	32,804	35,725	29,918
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,965	12,845	13,120	2,590	1,285	1,300
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,237	50,138	32,523	28,629	30,571	26,711
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,170	12,135	12,035	2,220	1,105	1,110
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,492	60,440	34,430	29,140	33,631	24,662
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	17,645	7,565	10,080	2,075	970	1,110
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,203	8,688	7,839	9,703	8,928	10,379
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,265	9,985	9,285	1,770	930	840
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,483	54,926	33,250	31,725	35,061	28,035
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	26,680	13,135	13,545	2,705	1,330	1,370
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	7,975	4,580	3,390	815	470	340
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,773	64,084	46,647	40,121	42,791	35,629
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	66,489	75,925	53,743	43,087	45,714	39,470
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.7	91.8	83.8	76.3	82.2	68.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.7	70.1	61.3	63.0	68.1	57.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.3	8.2	16.2	23.7	18.1	31.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	26,660	13,125	13,540	2,670	1,325	1,345
Without total income	820	400	420	65	30	35
With total income	25,840	12,720	13,120	2,605	1,295	1,310
Percentage with total income	96.9	96.9	96.9	97.6	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,340	1,280	2,060	270	120	145
$10,000 to $19,999	3,940	1,435	2,505	590	225	360
$20,000 to $29,999	3,595	1,390	2,210	520	230	295
$30,000 to $39,999	3,130	1,340	1,790	420	230	195
$40,000 to $49,999	2,640	1,255	1,390	335	185	155
$50,000 to $59,999	2,045	1,095	955	160	100	65
$60,000 to $69,999	1,755	1,060	695	115	80	35
$70,000 to $79,999	1,280	830	445	85	55	30
$80,000 to $89,999	1,005	680	330	35	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	740	520	220	25	15	5
$100,000 and over	2,365	1,840	520	45	35	15
$100,000 to $149,999	1,590	1,230	360	30	20	10
$150,000 and over	775	610	160	15	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,660	13,125	13,540	2,670	1,330	1,345
Without after-tax income	785	370	410	65	30	40
With after-tax income	25,875	12,745	13,125	2,605	1,300	1,305
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.1	96.9	97.6	97.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,575	1,380	2,195	280	120	160
$10,000 to $19,999	4,165	1,565	2,595	610	245	370
$20,000 to $29,999	4,240	1,695	2,540	645	300	340
$30,000 to $39,999	3,580	1,565	2,020	505	280	230
$40,000 to $49,999	2,915	1,515	1,405	285	165	120
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230	1,355	870	150	100	50
$60,000 to $69,999	1,590	1,030	560	60	40	20
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	815	385	25	20	5
$80,000 and over	2,375	1,820	550	40	25	15
$80,000 to $89,999	720	525	195	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	450	340	110	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	1,205	960	245	20	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	26,665	13,120	13,540	2,675	1,325	1,345
Without employment income	7,410	3,155	4,255	960	410	550
With employment income	19,255	9,970	9,285	1,710	915	795
Percentage with employment income	72.2	76.0	68.6	63.9	69.1	59.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,350	1,580	1,770	205	105	100
$5,000 to $9,999	1,475	625	855	145	60	90
$10,000 to $19,999	2,390	975	1,415	225	90	130
$20,000 to $29,999	2,045	825	1,220	315	140	180
$30,000 to $39,999	1,850	775	1,070	270	140	125
$40,000 to $49,999	1,660	740	920	225	145	75
$50,000 to $59,999	1,365	720	645	120	80	40
$60,000 to $69,999	1,155	755	400	65	50	20
$70,000 to $79,999	940	620	320	75	55	25
$80,000 and over	3,025	2,350	675	70	55	10
$80,000 to $89,999	785	520	260	25	20	0
$90,000 to $99,999	540	410	130	15	15	5
$100,000 and over	1,705	1,420	280	30	25	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	12,440	...	...	1,570	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,942	...	...	45,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,924	...	...	40,704	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,240	...	...	660	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,094	...	...	25,152	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,079	...	...	23,654	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,200	...	...	910	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,070	...	...	64,853	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,086	...	...	57,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	12,440	...	...	1,575	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	103,877	...	...	53,967	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	86,049	...	...	47,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,235	...	...	695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,504	...	...	29,775	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,734	...	...	26,512	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,205	...	...	880	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,012	...	...	73,133	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,980	...	...	63,410	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	12,435	...	...	1,570	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	275	...	...	130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	410	...	...	115	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...	100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	450	...	...	110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	430	...	...	105	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	415	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	465	...	...	90	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	890	...	...	140	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	895	...	...	125	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	895	...	...	105	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	865	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	770	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,935	...	...	195	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,610	...	...	100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,165	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,230	...	...	35	...	...
$200,000 and over	935	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	12,440	...	...	1,575	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	300	...	...	135	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	435	...	...	140	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	435	...	...	110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	510	...	...	145	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	505	...	...	110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	545	...	...	120	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	540	...	...	90	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,100	...	...	160	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,115	...	...	120	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,045	...	...	95	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	945	...	...	65	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	840	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,690	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,560	...	...	70	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	955	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,175	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,955	...	...	890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,440	...	...	64,939	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,946	...	...	57,856	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,630	...	...	430	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,119	...	...	57,173	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,292	...	...	50,816	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,975	...	...	295	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,579	...	...	85,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,241	...	...	73,984	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,115	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,595	...	...	47,659	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,546	...	...	43,904	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,955	...	...	855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	114,953	...	...	73,592	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	95,055	...	...	63,789	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,640	...	...	400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,224	...	...	66,547	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,464	...	...	58,205	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,950	...	...	310	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,220	...	...	91,473	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,132	...	...	77,990	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,105	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,309	...	...	53,336	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,268	...	...	47,484	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,395	1,655	1,740	720	360	365
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,707	37,269	31,285	25,224	27,872	23,296
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,060	32,544	28,640	23,701	25,690	22,528
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	3,300	1,595	1,710	740	355	380
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,909	51,139	39,096	29,476	31,085	27,984
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,711	41,756	33,937	26,236	27,025	25,505
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	32,065	15,930	16,130	3,115	1,570	1,545
In the bottom half of the distribution	13,850	6,610	7,240	2,240	1,090	1,145
In the bottom decile	2,365	1,115	1,255	305	160	150
In the second decile	2,355	1,055	1,295	540	225	310
In the third decile	2,740	1,305	1,435	530	265	265
In the fourth decile	2,985	1,435	1,555	490	260	230
In the fifth decile	3,410	1,705	1,705	370	185	190
In the top half of the distribution	18,210	9,320	8,890	880	480	405
In the sixth decile	3,610	1,800	1,805	325	185	145
In the seventh decile	3,455	1,745	1,710	235	125	110
In the eighth decile	3,865	2,010	1,860	170	95	80
In the ninth decile	3,980	2,025	1,955	95	50	40
In the top decile	3,305	1,735	1,570	60	25	30
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	32,065	15,935	16,135	3,115	1,570	1,550
0 to 17 years	6,555	3,390	3,165	530	290	245
0 to 5 years	2,015	1,075	940	200	110	90
18 to 64 years	19,385	9,545	9,840	1,895	965	930
65 years and over	6,125	2,995	3,130	690	315	375
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,205	1,480	1,725	585	275	310
0 to 17 years	915	465	450	85	50	30
0 to 5 years	305	170	135	30	20	15
18 to 64 years	1,730	770	965	315	160	160
65 years and over	555	245	310	185	70	115
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.3	10.7	18.8	17.5	20.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	13.7	14.2	16.0	17.2	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	15.1	15.8	14.4	15.0	18.2	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.1	9.8	16.6	16.6	17.2
65 years and over (%)	9.1	8.2	9.9	26.8	22.2	30.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,855	885	970	205	120	90
0 to 17 years	520	265	250	30	15	10
0 to 5 years	170	90	75	10	10	5
18 to 64 years	1,215	560	655	165	90	75
65 years and over	115	55	60	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	5.6	6.0	6.6	7.6	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	7.8	7.9	5.7	5.2	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.0	5.0	9.1	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	5.9	6.7	8.7	9.3	8.1
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.8	1.9	2.2	3.2	1.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	32,075	15,940	16,130	3,120	1,535	1,580
Official languages	31,970	15,880	16,085	3,120	1,530	1,585
English	31,955	15,880	16,070	1,765	920	840
French	1,720	755	965	2,895	1,430	1,465
Non-official languages	4,150	1,900	2,250	100	35	65
Aboriginal languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	15	10	15	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,115	1,885	2,230	100	35	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	30	45	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	60	30	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	40	55	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	95	40	55	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	195	65	125	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	10	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	55	95	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,160	1,540	1,615	90	30	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	635	300	335	10	0	10
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	625	295	330	10	0	10
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	75	30	45	0	0	0
Czech	80	45	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	155	75	80	0	0	0
Russian	180	85	95	0	0	0
Serbian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	10	0	0	0	10
Slovak	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	35	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,620	815	805	20	0	15
Afrikaans	45	25	25	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	180	110	75	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,355	690	665	15	0	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	20	0	0	0
Swedish	30	10	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	35	10	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	90	115	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	175	75	95	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	55	15	35	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	70	80	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	820	405	420	75	20	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	190	100	90	20	0	10
Portuguese	75	30	45	0	10	0
Romanian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Spanish	535	250	280	55	10	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	120	40	80	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	30	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	110	15	95	0	0	0
American Sign Language	50	15	35	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	10	55	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	70	110	0	0	0
Chinese languages	180	70	110	0	0	0
Cantonese	110	40	70	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	100	30	70	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	200	95	100	0	0	0
Estonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	165	80	85	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	32,070	15,940	16,130	3,120	1,535	1,580
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	30,875	15,385	15,485	3,100	1,525	1,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,360	3,280	3,075	550	275	275
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,520	12,105	12,415	2,555	1,250	1,305
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,195	555	640	15	10	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	32,070	15,940	16,135	3,120	1,535	1,585
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	27,535	13,780	13,755	3,070	1,500	1,565
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	4,360	2,085	2,275	50	35	20
Before 1981	2,290	1,120	1,170	25	10	10
1981 to 1990	565	295	270	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	470	215	255	10	0	0
2001 to 2010	725	320	410	20	20	10
2001 to 2005	325	130	190	15	10	0
2006 to 2010	400	190	215	10	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	310	135	175	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	180	70	110	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	4,355	2,085	2,270	50	35	20
Under 5 years	495	230	260	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	855	425	425	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	1,185	565	625	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	1,525	705	825	20	10	10
45 years and over	300	165	135	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,360	2,085	2,270	50	35	15
Americas	525	270	250	15	0	10
Brazil	10	10	10	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	30	20	15	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	40	15	15	0	0	0
Peru	25	10	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	15	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	315	175	145	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	45	0	0	0
Europe	2,890	1,440	1,455	40	30	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0	10	0
Croatia	30	15	20	0	0	0
France	40	15	20	20	15	0
Germany	650	325	325	0	0	10
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Italy	115	65	50	10	0	10
Netherlands	165	95	65	0	0	0
Poland	145	70	70	0	0	0
Portugal	20	15	10	0	0	0
Romania	60	40	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	15	20	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	45	10	35	0	0	0
Ukraine	40	15	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,100	530	575	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	325	160	170	0	0	0
Africa	130	55	75	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	75	25	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	20	0	0	0
Asia	715	270	445	0	0	0
Afghanistan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	10	0	0	0
India	120	60	60	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	70	15	50	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	10	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	155	55	100	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	30	15	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	70	25	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	55	95	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	100	55	45	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	315	140	175	0	0	0
Americas	30	20	10	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	120	60	65	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	75	35	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	20	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	150	45	100	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	60	15	40	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	32,075	15,940	16,130	3,120	1,535	1,580
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,790	2,305	2,485	50	35	15
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,595	3,350	3,245	125	55	75
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,690	10,280	10,400	2,935	1,440	1,495
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,105	985	1,120	25	20	10
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,095	535	555	15	10	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	420	270	145	15	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	675	270	410	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	755	300	450	0	10	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	250	140	105	10	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	32,070	15,940	16,135	3,120	1,535	1,585
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,835	840	995	25	15	10
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,785	830	955	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	810	405	410	10	10	0
Métis	940	420	520	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	40	15	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	0	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	30,235	15,100	15,135	3,095	1,520	1,575
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	32,075	15,940	16,135	3,120	1,535	1,585
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	580	235	340	15	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,495	15,705	15,790	3,105	1,525	1,580
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	32,070	15,940	16,135	3,120	1,535	1,585
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	365	140	225	30	20	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	365	140	230	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	265	100	165	30	15	15
Métis single ancestry	100	35	65	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,890	910	980	95	40	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,870	895	970	95	35	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,005	510	490	70	35	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	825	370	455	25	0	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	10	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	29,815	14,890	14,920	2,990	1,475	1,515
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	32,075	15,940	16,135	3,115	1,535	1,580
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,835	840	995	10	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	345	175	170	0	0	0
Chinese	315	160	155	0	0	0
Black	130	65	70	0	0	0
Filipino	250	100	150	0	0	0
Latin American	185	95	90	0	0	0
Arab	40	25	20	0	10	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	155	70	85	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Korean	45	25	20	0	0	0
Japanese	250	80	170	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	55	20	30	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	30,235	15,100	15,135	3,115	1,530	1,585
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	32,070	15,940	16,135	3,115	1,535	1,580
North American Aboriginal origins	2,260	1,050	1,210	125	60	65
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,290	625	660	100	50	50
Inuit	50	15	30	0	0	0
Métis	945	420	525	20	0	20
Other North American origins	8,610	4,300	4,305	2,240	1,045	1,190
Acadian	10	0	0	20	10	10
American	675	310	370	35	0	25
Canadian	8,035	4,040	3,995	2,120	990	1,130
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	25	15	10	85	45	40
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	27,255	13,555	13,705	1,380	695	680
British Isles origins	17,025	8,390	8,635	645	340	300
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	10,805	5,325	5,475	305	165	135
Irish	5,775	2,720	3,060	300	175	130
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	7,580	3,730	3,850	175	80	90
Welsh	950	440	510	20	10	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	830	390	440	25	10	20
French origins	3,685	1,815	1,875	905	445	460
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	3,685	1,815	1,875	895	435	460
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,585	4,795	4,780	165	75	90
Austrian	655	335	320	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	200	85	115	10	0	10
Dutch	1,930	990	935	60	25	35
Flemish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	7,440	3,755	3,680	100	50	50
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	10
Swiss	190	85	110	35	20	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,365	1,610	1,750	10	10	0
Danish	435	195	245	0	0	0
Finnish	190	100	90	10	0	0
Icelandic	310	160	150	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,420	700	720	0	0	0
Swedish	1,185	525	660	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	165	95	70	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	6,325	3,105	3,215	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	200	120	80	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	120	60	60	0	0	0
Estonian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	825	385	435	0	0	0
Latvian	80	35	45	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	30	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	1,615	790	825	10	0	0
Romanian	370	170	205	0	0	0
Russian	1,150	550	600	10	0	0
Slovak	125	70	55	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,845	1,430	1,410	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	2,350	1,250	1,100	60	35	25
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	0	15	0	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	135	65	70	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	135	75	60	0	0	0
Italian	1,315	725	595	40	20	20
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	255	135	120	0	0	0
Serbian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Spanish	360	165	195	15	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	65	40	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	310	120	190	10	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	100	35	70	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	195	80	115	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	135	95	40	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Jamaican	60	40	15	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	320	135	185	10	0	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chilean	50	25	30	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	140	65	75	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	200	85	115	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	20	10	20	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	120	50	70	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	50	30	25	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	50	30	20	0	0	0
Asian origins	1,740	805	935	10	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	210	105	100	0	0	0
Afghan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	20	0	15	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	85	45	35	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	10	15	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	375	185	185	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	315	155	160	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	20	20	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,160	505	650	10	0	10
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese	405	215	185	0	0	0
Filipino	300	135	170	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	0	10	10	0	0
Japanese	285	95	185	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	30	0	0	0
Laotian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	45	50	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	250	115	135	0	0	0
Australian	150	90	60	0	0	0
New Zealander	65	10	55	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	40	15	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	12,440	...	...	1,575	...	...
Owner	10,430	...	...	785	...	...
Renter	2,015	...	...	790	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	12,445	...	...	1,575	...	...
Condominium	1,470	...	...	95	...	...
Not condominium	10,970	...	...	1,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	12,445	...	...	1,575	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	470	...	...	245	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,435	...	...	515	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,970	...	...	540	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,560	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	12,445	...	...	1,570	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,600	...	...	505	...	...
5 rooms	1,310	...	...	390	...	...
6 rooms	1,630	...	...	230	...	...
7 rooms	1,860	...	...	120	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,045	...	...	320	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.5	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	12,440	...	...	1,575	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,360	...	...	1,575	...	...
More than 1 person per room	85	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	12,445	...	...	1,570	...	...
Suitable	12,190	...	...	1,545	...	...
Not suitable	255	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	12,445	...	...	1,575	...	...
1960 or before	250	...	...	765	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,505	...	...	425	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,850	...	...	205	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,140	...	...	50	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,360	...	...	40	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,615	...	...	55	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	720	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	12,445	...	...	1,575	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	11,870	...	...	1,455	...	...
Major repairs needed	570	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	12,440	...	...	1,570	...	...
1 household maintainer	6,250	...	...	1,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,870	...	...	435	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	320	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	12,440	...	...	1,575	...	...
15 to 24 years	240	...	...	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,315	...	...	175	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,010	...	...	190	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,435	...	...	315	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,765	...	...	345	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,110	...	...	255	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,255	...	...	165	...	...
85 years and over	305	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	12,355	...	...	1,570	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,720	...	...	1,280	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,635	...	...	290	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,245	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,365	...	...	790	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.8	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	17.3	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,304	...	...	781	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,369	...	...	839	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	480,818	...	...	150,378	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	538,309	...	...	162,842	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,005	...	...	785	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.0	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	41.9	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,301	...	...	529	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,331	...	...	577	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	26,680	13,130	13,545	2,705	1,335	1,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,695	1,880	1,815	855	435	420
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,535	4,185	4,350	675	300	375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,450	7,070	7,380	1,175	600	580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,280	2,425	850	475	285	185
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,295	745	550	390	240	155
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,985	1,685	300	80	50	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,375	2,480	3,895	400	180	220
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	750	265	485	45	15	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,055	1,895	2,150	255	120	140
Bachelor's degree	2,785	1,255	1,530	195	95	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	325	130	195	25	15	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	90	30	0	0	0
Master's degree	695	350	345	30	15	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	125	70	55	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	17,000	8,210	8,780	1,670	830	840
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,355	770	585	385	210	180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,075	2,500	2,580	405	195	215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,565	4,945	5,620	875	430	450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,215	1,690	525	360	215	145
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	815	465	345	305	175	125
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,405	1,225	180	60	35	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,900	1,870	3,030	280	130	155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	180	350	30	10	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,920	1,200	1,715	205	80	120
Bachelor's degree	2,060	825	1,230	145	55	95
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	215	75	140	25	15	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	60	30	0	0	0
Master's degree	505	225	285	30	10	25
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50	20	35	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	26,680	13,135	13,545	2,700	1,330	1,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,230	6,060	6,165	1,530	735	795
Education	1,040	230	805	50	15	40
13. Education	1,035	235	805	50	10	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	475	215	265	40	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	95	35	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	345	115	230	35	10	25
Humanities	555	230	325	70	40	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	0	60	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	135	45	85	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	40	55	25	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	15	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	70	60	0	0	0
54. History	65	40	30	15	15	0
55. French language and literature/letters	30	10	25	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,080	325	755	60	10	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	35	40	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	215	10	205	15	10	10
22. Legal professions and studies	255	40	210	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	20	10	0	10
42. Psychology	225	80	145	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	280	155	120	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	3,030	1,140	1,890	225	65	165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	50	110	0	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,860	1,085	1,775	225	55	160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	320	175	145	15	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	50	45	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	50	60	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	100	70	30	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	270	190	80	30	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230	185	45	30	30	0
25. Library science	20	0	15	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,555	3,355	200	335	320	15
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	25	0	0	0
14. Engineering	385	355	30	35	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	655	575	75	60	55	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,030	1,010	20	50	50	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	960	930	25	95	90	10
48. Precision production	465	455	15	95	90	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	340	220	125	35	30	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	215	130	85	25	25	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	90	40	10	10	10
Health and related fields	2,715	490	2,225	200	30	170
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	165	70	85	0	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	2,500	390	2,115	195	20	170
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	30	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,070	500	570	110	60	55
12. Personal and culinary services	725	205	520	55	10	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	135	100	30	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	185	20	55	40	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	17,000	8,210	8,780	1,670	830	840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,430	3,270	3,165	790	400	395
Education	705	105	595	50	15	35
13. Education	705	105	600	45	15	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	380	170	215	30	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	65	20	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	295	95	195	30	10	15
Humanities	380	150	230	50	20	25
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	10	50	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	65	0	55	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	40	35	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	55	45	0	0	0
54. History	50	25	25	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	20	10	10	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	795	210	585	35	10	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	25	45	10	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	10	150	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	230	30	200	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	150	60	90	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	190	100	95	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	2,240	810	1,430	180	40	140
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	115	25	85	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,120	785	1,335	175	35	140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	205	95	110	15	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	25	35	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	40	35	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	65	30	30	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	230	170	65	25	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	205	170	40	20	20	0
25. Library science	10	0	10	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,485	2,335	150	240	230	15
04. Architecture and related services	50	30	20	0	0	0
14. Engineering	250	225	25	20	20	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	445	390	60	45	40	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	780	760	25	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	670	650	20	75	70	0
48. Precision production	285	275	10	75	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	165	110	35	25	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	185	110	75	25	20	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	55	35	10	10	10
Health and related fields	2,090	380	1,710	135	20	110
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	125	55	70	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	1,930	305	1,620	125	15	115
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	20	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	780	360	415	90	40	45
12. Personal and culinary services	515	140	375	40	0	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	105	75	25	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	145	15	40	30	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	26,680	13,135	13,545	2,705	1,330	1,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,225	6,065	6,165	1,525	730	795
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	14,455	7,075	7,380	1,175	595	575
Location of study inside Canada	12,650	6,165	6,485	1,145	580	570
Same as province or territory of residence	7,830	3,635	4,195	1,100	540	565
Different than province or territory of residence	4,820	2,530	2,290	45	35	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,800	910	895	25	20	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	430	240	185	0	0	0
Philippines	90	20	75	0	0	0
India	30	15	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	360	185	175	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	20	15	10	10	10	0
Other	860	425	440	10	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	16,995	8,215	8,785	1,670	830	835
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,430	3,270	3,160	795	405	390
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,565	4,945	5,620	880	430	445
Location of study inside Canada	9,550	4,520	5,035	865	420	445
Same as province or territory of residence	6,265	2,845	3,420	845	400	440
Different than province or territory of residence	3,285	1,675	1,615	25	15	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,015	425	585	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	255	115	135	0	0	0
Philippines	85	20	65	0	0	0
India	25	15	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	180	90	90	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	10	10	0
Other	450	170	280	10	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	26,680	13,135	13,545	2,705	1,330	1,370
In the labour force	16,960	8,990	7,970	1,645	840	810
Employed	15,880	8,310	7,575	1,535	795	745
Unemployed	1,080	685	400	110	45	60
Not in the labour force	9,720	4,140	5,575	1,060	490	565
Participation rate	63.6	68.4	58.8	60.8	63.2	59.1
Employment rate	59.5	63.3	55.9	56.7	59.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.6	5.0	6.7	5.4	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	26,680	13,135	13,545	2,705	1,335	1,370
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	8,905	3,800	5,105	965	430	535
Worked	17,775	9,335	8,440	1,740	905	835
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	8,210	4,740	3,470	825	480	345
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,570	4,595	4,970	910	420	495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.0	41.5	41.5	41.2	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	16,960	8,995	7,965	1,645	835	805
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	135	75	40	10	35
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	16,755	8,860	7,890	1,605	835	770
Employee	14,035	7,170	6,870	1,415	720	690
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,720	1,690	1,030	195	110	80
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	16,965	8,995	7,970	1,645	840	805
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	205	130	75	40	0	35
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	16,750	8,860	7,895	1,605	835	770
0 Management occupations	2,045	1,425	625	130	65	65
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,510	550	1,960	170	50	120
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	835	680	155	50	35	10
3 Health occupations	1,310	275	1,035	135	25	110
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,535	485	1,050	140	45	100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	470	210	265	30	20	15
6 Sales and service occupations	4,290	1,780	2,510	350	115	230
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,725	2,575	150	275	270	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	505	425	80	55	55	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	525	445	70	260	155	110
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	16,965	8,990	7,970	1,640	835	805
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	130	75	40	0	35
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	16,755	8,865	7,890	1,605	835	770
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	395	285	110	40	40	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	315	275	35	0	0	0
22 Utilities	120	95	25	0	0	0
23 Construction	1,880	1,610	270	35	35	0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,065	825	240	535	335	195
41 Wholesale trade	500	365	130	20	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	2,300	1,180	1,120	215	75	135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	630	460	170	105	95	10
51 Information and cultural industries	325	180	150	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	575	180	400	45	15	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	430	205	225	15	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,080	540	540	25	15	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	695	430	260	70	55	10
61 Educational services	945	290	655	80	35	45
62 Health care and social assistance	2,155	375	1,775	225	35	190
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	405	245	160	25	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	1,370	555	810	45	15	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	865	380	480	75	35	40
91 Public administration	690	370	320	45	25	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	15,880	8,310	7,570	1,535	790	745
Worked at home	1,565	725	830	100	50	50
Worked outside Canada	65	60	10	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,590	1,975	610	115	80	35
Worked at usual place	11,665	5,540	6,120	1,320	655	660
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	11,660	5,545	6,120	1,320	660	665
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,235	1,495	1,740	610	250	360
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,520	3,425	4,100	325	185	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	680	435	240	380	215	170
Commute to a different province or territory	230	190	40	0	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	14,250	7,515	6,730	1,435	740	695
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,995	6,285	5,715	1,180	615	565
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	835	390	445	55	30	25
Public transit	500	270	230	10	0	0
Walked	325	140	180	140	55	90
Bicycle	115	105	15	25	20	0
Other method	485	330	155	25	20	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	14,255	7,520	6,735	1,435	740	700
Less than 15 minutes	4,620	2,125	2,495	770	340	425
15 to 29 minutes	5,395	2,875	2,520	305	190	110
30 to 44 minutes	2,825	1,600	1,225	270	140	130
45 to 59 minutes	775	470	310	65	40	20
60 minutes and over	640	455	190	35	25	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	14,255	7,515	6,735	1,435	740	700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	785	535	245	85	60	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,105	2,125	980	370	225	145
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,755	1,975	1,780	410	190	215
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,025	1,260	1,765	260	80	185
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,565	605	955	40	25	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,020	1,015	1,005	265	165	105
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	18,485	9,705	8,775	1,795	935	860
Single responses	18,425	9,675	8,745	1,670	880	790
Official languages	18,380	9,660	8,720	1,675	880	790
English	18,340	9,640	8,705	245	100	140
French	40	20	15	1,430	780	650
Non-official languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	40	15	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	0	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	60	30	25	120	55	65
English and French	30	10	20	115	55	65
English and non-official language	30	20	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	18,485	9,705	8,775	1,795	935	865
None	18,165	9,565	8,600	1,200	630	565
English	35	25	15	455	235	220
French	150	70	80	140	65	75
Non-official language	120	40	80	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	115	45	75	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	31,740	15,725	16,010	3,090	1,520	1,570
Non-movers	27,185	13,500	13,685	2,630	1,325	1,305
Movers	4,550	2,225	2,325	460	195	265
Non-migrants	2,560	1,245	1,315	285	115	170
Migrants	1,995	980	1,010	175	85	95
Internal migrants	1,800	890	905	175	80	95
Intraprovincial migrants	1,125	565	560	180	80	95
Interprovincial migrants	675	325	350	0	0	0
External migrants	190	90	100	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	30,395	15,025	15,375	2,935	1,450	1,485
Non-movers	18,075	9,060	9,025	1,850	915	930
Movers	12,320	5,970	6,355	1,085	530	550
Non-migrants	5,825	2,835	2,985	625	290	335
Migrants	6,495	3,130	3,365	465	240	220
Internal migrants	5,950	2,885	3,065	460	240	220
Intraprovincial migrants	3,415	1,655	1,755	445	230	220
Interprovincial migrants	2,530	1,230	1,310	20	15	0
External migrants	550	250	300	0	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. West Kelowna, DM [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Richmond, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
West Kelowna, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census West Kelowna, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
West Kelowna, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Richmond, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec