Census Profile, 2016 Census
Armstrong, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan--Malahat--Langford [Federal electoral district], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Armstrong, CY British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Cowichan--Malahat--Langford British Columbia [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Armstrong, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : Armstrong, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Cowichan--Malahat--Langford [Federal electoral district], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	5,114	...	...	108,052	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	4,830 ^r	...	...	99,195^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,143	...	...	47,717	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	2,132	...	...	44,616	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	979.8	...	...	23.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5.22	...	...	4,556.78	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	5,115	2,390	2,720	108,050	52,980	55,075
0 to 14 years	795	395	400	17,200	8,800	8,400
0 to 4 years	250	125	125	5,580	2,835	2,745
5 to 9 years	290	140	145	5,895	3,020	2,880
10 to 14 years	260	130	130	5,720	2,945	2,775
15 to 64 years	2,995	1,405	1,595	69,715	33,995	35,720
15 to 19 years	275	145	125	5,955	3,045	2,915
20 to 24 years	205	85	120	5,185	2,630	2,555
25 to 29 years	235	120	120	5,615	2,760	2,850
30 to 34 years	305	150	150	6,535	3,160	3,375
35 to 39 years	265	140	125	6,625	3,255	3,375
40 to 44 years	270	120	150	6,620	3,215	3,400
45 to 49 years	300	135	165	7,110	3,435	3,675
50 to 54 years	365	160	205	8,565	4,165	4,395
55 to 59 years	385	180	210	9,055	4,290	4,765
60 to 64 years	395	165	230	8,450	4,040	4,410
65 years and over	1,320	595	725	21,140	10,180	10,955
65 to 69 years	365	170	195	7,710	3,895	3,815
70 to 74 years	285	140	140	5,105	2,455	2,655
75 to 79 years	245	95	150	3,500	1,705	1,800
80 to 84 years	185	85	95	2,395	1,160	1,235
85 years and over	245	100	150	2,425	965	1,455
85 to 89 years	150	55	95	1,495	670	830
90 to 94 years	80	35	50	710	240	470
95 to 99 years	20	5	10	190	50	135
100 years and over	0	0	5	30	10	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.5	14.7	15.9	16.6	15.3
15 to 64 years	58.6	58.8	58.6	64.5	64.2	64.9
65 years and over	25.8	24.9	26.7	19.6	19.2	19.9
85 years and over	4.8	4.2	5.5	2.2	1.8	2.6
Average age of the population	45.9	44.7	46.9	43.1	42.5	43.7
Median age of the population	48.7	46.2	50.2	45.2	44.4	45.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	2,130	...	...	44,615	...	...
Single-detached house	1,500	...	...	28,025	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	330	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	635	...	...	14,195	...	...
Semi-detached house	125	...	...	1,920	...	...
Row house	175	...	...	2,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...	4,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	265	...	...	5,545	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	195	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	2,065	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	2,135	...	...	44,615	...	...
1 person	595	...	...	11,730	...	...
2 persons	835	...	...	17,785	...	...
3 persons	320	...	...	6,635	...	...
4 persons	265	...	...	5,500	...	...
5 or more persons	115	...	...	2,965	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,930	...	...	105,955	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	4,320	1,995	2,320	90,855	44,180	46,675
Married or living common law	2,590	1,295	1,295	55,170	27,525	27,655
Married	2,155	1,080	1,075	43,870	21,880	21,990
Living common law	435	215	220	11,300	5,640	5,665
Not married and not living common law	1,725	705	1,020	35,685	16,660	19,025
Never married	830	435	400	20,835	11,430	9,405
Separated	190	75	115	2,825	1,240	1,580
Divorced	360	120	240	7,055	2,850	4,205
Widowed	350	80	270	4,965	1,135	3,830
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,505	...	...	32,100	...	...
2 persons	875	...	...	18,830	...	...
3 persons	310	...	...	6,340	...	...
4 persons	225	...	...	5,100	...	...
5 or more persons	85	...	...	1,830	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,505	...	...	32,100	...	...
Total couple families	1,265	...	...	27,035	...	...
Married couples	1,055	...	...	21,390	...	...
Common-law couples	215	...	...	5,655	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	235	...	...	5,060	...	...
Female parent	180	...	...	3,810	...	...
Male parent	50	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,270	...	...	27,040	...	...
Couples without children	740	...	...	15,615	...	...
Couples with children	530	...	...	11,420	...	...
1 child	235	...	...	4,970	...	...
2 children	215	...	...	4,745	...	...
3 or more children	85	...	...	1,705	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	235	...	...	5,065	...	...
1 child	140	...	...	3,210	...	...
2 children	75	...	...	1,375	...	...
3 or more children	20	...	...	475	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	860	350	510	19,015	9,085	9,930
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	2,130	...	...	44,615	...	...
One-census-family households	1,435	...	...	30,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	705	...	...	14,800	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	725	...	...	15,420	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	35	...	...	915	...	...
Non-census-family households	665	...	...	13,475	...	...
One-person households	590	...	...	11,730	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	75	...	...	1,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	5,005	2,350	2,650	107,180	52,615	54,565
English only	4,835	2,275	2,555	99,955	49,305	50,650
French only	0	0	0	35	5	20
English and French	165	70	95	6,840	3,145	3,695
Neither English nor French	10	5	0	350	150	200
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	5,005	2,355	2,650	107,180	52,610	54,565
English	4,935	2,320	2,610	105,320	51,705	53,615
French	60	30	35	1,395	710	680
English and French	0	0	0	135	60	75
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	330	140	190
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	60	30	30	1,465	740	720
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	5,005	2,350	2,650	107,180	52,615	54,565
Single responses	4,980	2,340	2,640	106,190	52,145	54,050
Official languages	4,710	2,215	2,490	98,195	48,435	49,765
English	4,645	2,190	2,450	96,705	47,665	49,040
French	70	30	40	1,495	765	725
Non-official languages	270	125	145	7,995	3,710	4,280
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	300	145	155
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	260	130	135
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	255	125	130
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	265	120	140	7,690	3,560	4,125
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	145	85	65
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Somali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	140	80	60
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	115	60	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	5	0	205	95	105
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	180	85	95
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	620	215	400
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	45	10	30
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	5	10
Ilocano	5	0	5	45	15	30
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	490	180	310
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	75	35	35
Kannada	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tamil	0	0	0	20	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	100	115	5,135	2,475	2,660
Albanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20	785	370	415
Baltic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Slavic languages	35	15	15	765	360	405
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Croatian	0	5	0	65	30	35
Czech	5	5	0	80	35	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	210	105	105
Russian	5	5	5	160	55	95
Serbian	5	5	5	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Slovak	0	0	0	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ukrainian	10	5	5	140	75	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	10	5	5
Welsh	5	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	155	75	80	2,220	1,050	1,170
Afrikaans	5	5	5	65	35	30
Danish	10	0	0	160	80	80
Dutch	50	20	25	710	315	395
Frisian	5	0	0	10	5	0
German	85	45	45	1,150	550	600
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	50	25	20
Swedish	5	5	0	45	20	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Greek	0	0	0	35	25	15
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	1,095	545	550
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	5	1,015	500	515
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	15	5
Hindi	0	0	0	65	35	30
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	845	405	440
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Urdu	0	0	0	35	20	20
Iranian languages	5	0	5	85	45	40
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	10	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	70	40	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	945	455	490
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	215	120	95
Portuguese	5	0	0	170	80	95
Romanian	5	5	0	55	30	20
Spanish	0	0	0	505	230	275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	135	30	110
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	250	120	125
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	5	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	35	20	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	730	315	415
Chinese languages	15	5	5	715	305	410
Cantonese	0	0	0	240	110	135
Hakka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	380	165	220
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	65	25	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	15	5	0
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	35	10	30
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	35	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	250	110	140
Estonian	0	0	5	10	5	10
Finnish	5	0	0	90	30	60
Hungarian	5	5	0	150	75	70
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Multiple responses	25	15	15	990	470	515
English and French	10	0	5	205	100	110
English and non-official language	10	10	5	710	340	375
French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	20	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	15	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	5,005	2,350	2,650	107,180	52,615	54,565
Single responses	4,970	2,340	2,635	105,575	51,855	53,720
Official languages	4,920	2,315	2,610	103,215	50,745	52,465
English	4,920	2,315	2,605	102,895	50,605	52,285
French	5	0	0	320	145	180
Non-official languages	50	25	30	2,360	1,110	1,250
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	50	25	25	2,335	1,095	1,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	60	25	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	60	30	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	55	25	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	110	50	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	100	45	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	180	80	100
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	155	65	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	10	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	15	10	1,230	575	655
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	5	140	70	75
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	145	70	75
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	50	25	20
Russian	0	0	0	50	25	30
Serbian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	220	105	115
Afrikaans	5	0	5	20	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dutch	0	0	0	50	25	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	5	5	135	65	70
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	585	270	310
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	560	255	305
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	485	220	265
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Urdu	0	0	0	30	10	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	5	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	5	260	120	140
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	5	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	15	10
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Spanish	0	0	0	195	85	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	0	50	15	35
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	185	85	95
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	0	5	0	40	25	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	30	20	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	380	185	195
Chinese languages	10	5	5	370	175	190
Cantonese	0	0	0	110	50	55
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	0	5	5	220	110	115
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	30	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Multiple responses	30	15	15	1,605	755	845
English and French	0	0	0	135	70	65
English and non-official language	25	15	15	1,425	670	755
French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	15	20
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	5,000	2,355	2,650	107,175	52,615	54,565
None	4,875	2,295	2,580	101,545	50,000	51,545
English	25	15	15	1,200	560	640
French	15	10	10	1,185	575	615
Non-official language	80	35	45	3,125	1,425	1,700
Aboriginal	0	0	0	290	135	155
Non-Aboriginal	80	40	40	2,835	1,285	1,545
English and French	0	0	0	10	5	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	40	20	25
French and non-official language	5	0	0	75	35	40
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,130	1,930	2,200	88,835	43,260	45,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,000	1,865	2,135	85,675	41,725	43,950
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,987	41,600	24,736	34,605	43,082	28,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,005	1,870	2,135	85,800	41,810	43,985
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,713	36,535	23,755	31,070	37,583	26,517
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,650	1,750	1,895	77,495	38,270	39,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,560	36,523	19,928	31,910	40,868	25,166
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,940	1,210	1,730	60,900	26,640	34,260
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,567	10,528	7,661	7,169	7,892	6,794
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,850	1,425	1,425	63,570	32,375	31,200
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,608	41,728	21,717	31,411	39,468	25,688
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	4,080	1,925	2,150	88,790	43,265	45,525
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,965	1,870	2,095	85,590	41,780	43,805
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,857	47,190	31,435	43,465	52,032	35,294
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,975	1,875	2,100	85,700	41,845	43,860
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,568	39,846	27,976	36,764	42,834	30,973
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,635	1,750	1,885	77,295	38,220	39,075
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,091	43,259	27,498	41,560	50,792	32,530
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,945	1,255	1,690	60,770	26,500	34,270
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,029	9,907	8,377	8,352	8,782	8,020
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,830	1,425	1,400	63,580	32,305	31,265
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,838	43,341	28,214	39,536	47,327	31,486
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	4,075	1,930	2,150	88,790	43,265	45,525
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,200	660	540	27,305	15,270	12,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,529	57,769	41,225	52,425	59,918	45,399
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	53,780	59,948	46,281	57,431	64,271	48,754
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.6	86.9	76.7	86.4	89.4	82.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.0	71.5	58.3	67.8	70.9	63.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.4	13.2	23.2	13.6	10.6	17.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	4,130	1,930	2,205	88,835	43,265	45,575
Without total income	135	60	70	3,155	1,535	1,625
With total income	4,000	1,865	2,130	85,680	41,725	43,950
Percentage with total income	96.9	96.6	96.6	96.4	96.4	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	475	135	345	11,555	4,820	6,735
$10,000 to $19,999	765	270	490	14,315	5,480	8,840
$20,000 to $29,999	670	245	420	11,955	4,640	7,320
$30,000 to $39,999	550	245	305	10,500	4,615	5,885
$40,000 to $49,999	425	205	220	9,175	4,270	4,905
$50,000 to $59,999	330	180	145	7,245	3,780	3,465
$60,000 to $69,999	240	175	65	5,625	3,460	2,170
$70,000 to $79,999	175	115	60	4,270	2,755	1,515
$80,000 to $89,999	120	80	40	3,370	2,260	1,110
$90,000 to $99,999	75	60	15	2,275	1,565	715
$100,000 and over	175	145	30	5,385	4,085	1,300
$100,000 to $149,999	130	110	20	4,070	3,070	995
$150,000 and over	45	30	10	1,310	1,010	300
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,130	1,930	2,205	88,835	43,260	45,575
Without after-tax income	130	55	70	3,035	1,450	1,590
With after-tax income	4,005	1,870	2,135	85,800	41,810	43,985
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	96.8	96.6	96.6	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	500	145	350	12,140	5,100	7,040
$10,000 to $19,999	805	290	515	15,100	5,915	9,185
$20,000 to $29,999	775	300	480	14,215	5,695	8,520
$30,000 to $39,999	635	295	345	12,225	5,530	6,695
$40,000 to $49,999	470	250	215	10,255	5,100	5,155
$50,000 to $59,999	305	210	95	7,415	4,485	2,930
$60,000 to $69,999	205	140	65	5,265	3,440	1,830
$70,000 to $79,999	125	85	40	3,645	2,440	1,205
$80,000 and over	190	150	35	5,540	4,115	1,425
$80,000 to $89,999	80	70	10	2,030	1,485	550
$90,000 to $99,999	40	30	10	1,225	920	305
$100,000 and over	70	50	15	2,280	1,710	570
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,130	1,925	2,205	88,835	43,260	45,575
Without employment income	1,285	505	780	25,265	10,890	14,375
With employment income	2,845	1,425	1,425	63,570	32,375	31,200
Percentage with employment income	68.9	74.0	64.6	71.6	74.8	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	540	235	310	11,420	5,545	5,875
$5,000 to $9,999	220	90	125	4,370	1,815	2,555
$10,000 to $19,999	365	140	225	8,045	3,240	4,800
$20,000 to $29,999	350	130	220	6,985	2,980	4,010
$30,000 to $39,999	285	105	180	6,460	2,735	3,730
$40,000 to $49,999	250	115	135	6,000	2,745	3,260
$50,000 to $59,999	225	125	95	4,940	2,605	2,335
$60,000 to $69,999	180	140	45	3,855	2,435	1,420
$70,000 to $79,999	140	105	35	3,325	2,190	1,130
$80,000 and over	290	240	50	8,160	6,085	2,075
$80,000 to $89,999	105	75	30	2,610	1,775	840
$90,000 to $99,999	55	50	5	1,745	1,255	490
$100,000 and over	130	115	20	3,805	3,055	745
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	2,135	...	...	44,615	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,561	...	...	69,954	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,422	...	...	61,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	590	...	...	11,730	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,272	...	...	34,956	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,904	...	...	31,381	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,540	...	...	32,885	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,104	...	...	85,811	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	68,736	...	...	74,759	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	2,135	...	...	44,605	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,282	...	...	83,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,548	...	...	70,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	585	...	...	11,690	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,081	...	...	43,335	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,686	...	...	36,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,550	...	...	32,910	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,864	...	...	97,639	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,128	...	...	82,714	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	2,130	...	...	44,615	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	655	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	540	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	1,170	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...	1,690	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	110	...	...	1,930	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	100	...	...	1,685	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	115	...	...	1,890	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	120	...	...	1,910	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...	1,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	85	...	...	1,925	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	185	...	...	3,625	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	175	...	...	3,335	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	155	...	...	3,135	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	150	...	...	2,945	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	130	...	...	2,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	505	...	...	13,670	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	225	...	...	5,150	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	120	...	...	3,395	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	115	...	...	3,260	...	...
$200,000 and over	50	...	...	1,860	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,135	...	...	44,615	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...	700	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	550	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	1,185	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...	1,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	2,240	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	120	...	...	2,005	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...	2,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	130	...	...	2,310	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	125	...	...	2,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	115	...	...	2,145	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	195	...	...	4,175	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	225	...	...	3,955	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	175	...	...	3,545	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	155	...	...	3,145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	120	...	...	2,580	...	...
$100,000 and over	320	...	...	9,675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	165	...	...	4,675	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	85	...	...	2,450	...	...
$150,000 and over	75	...	...	2,555	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,490	...	...	31,630	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,284	...	...	85,307	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,627	...	...	74,190	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	695	...	...	14,500	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,779	...	...	79,533	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,184	...	...	69,461	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	540	...	...	11,515	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,907	...	...	109,234	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	86,848	...	...	93,617	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	215	...	...	4,645	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,328	...	...	48,348	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,848	...	...	44,297	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,510	...	...	31,695	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,860	...	...	96,695	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,235	...	...	81,799	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	720	...	...	14,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,262	...	...	91,395	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,268	...	...	77,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	550	...	...	11,475	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,287	...	...	119,928	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,669	...	...	100,608	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	210	...	...	4,670	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,678	...	...	55,319	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,279	...	...	49,002	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	755	300	460	16,490	7,985	8,505
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,600	33,856	28,064	31,765	34,317	29,820
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,200	30,112	26,261	28,672	30,697	27,260
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	720	275	455	16,415	7,920	8,490
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,956	39,688	33,712	39,931	43,757	36,364
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,527	34,085	29,988	34,007	36,378	31,796
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	4,930	2,325	2,610	105,950	52,020	53,935
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,765	1,255	1,515	53,465	25,455	28,010
In the bottom decile	395	165	230	11,575	5,620	5,955
In the second decile	580	245	330	10,645	4,795	5,850
In the third decile	595	275	315	10,195	4,790	5,405
In the fourth decile	595	280	320	10,395	4,995	5,400
In the fifth decile	600	280	320	10,655	5,255	5,400
In the top half of the distribution	2,160	1,070	1,095	52,485	26,565	25,925
In the sixth decile	610	305	300	11,185	5,590	5,600
In the seventh decile	520	245	275	11,540	5,780	5,755
In the eighth decile	450	220	225	11,130	5,655	5,475
In the ninth decile	400	195	205	10,775	5,520	5,255
In the top decile	190	100	95	7,855	4,015	3,840
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	4,930	2,320	2,605	102,635	50,325	52,310
0 to 17 years	965	480	485	19,665	10,085	9,580
0 to 5 years	300	145	155	6,295	3,190	3,105
18 to 64 years	2,810	1,305	1,505	63,225	30,590	32,640
65 years and over	1,155	530	620	19,745	9,655	10,090
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	670	280	395	14,285	6,650	7,630
0 to 17 years	175	90	85	3,640	1,885	1,750
0 to 5 years	70	40	30	1,185	605	575
18 to 64 years	330	125	195	8,275	3,770	4,510
65 years and over	170	60	110	2,370	1,000	1,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	12.1	15.2	13.9	13.2	14.6
0 to 17 years (%)	18.1	18.8	17.5	18.5	18.7	18.3
0 to 5 years (%)	23.3	27.6	19.4	18.8	19.0	18.5
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	9.6	13.0	13.1	12.3	13.8
65 years and over (%)	14.7	11.3	17.7	12.0	10.4	13.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	210	90	120	7,060	3,510	3,555
0 to 17 years	45	25	25	1,630	825	800
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	495	260	230
18 to 64 years	150	65	90	5,035	2,480	2,560
65 years and over	10	5	5	395	205	190
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	3.9	4.6	6.9	7.0	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	5.2	5.2	8.3	8.2	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	6.9	3.2	7.9	8.2	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.0	6.0	8.0	8.1	7.8
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.9	0.8	2.0	2.1	1.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	4,925	2,345	2,585	105,920	52,075	53,840
Official languages	4,905	2,335	2,575	105,530	51,890	53,640
English	4,910	2,335	2,575	105,495	51,890	53,605
French	190	70	120	6,800	3,140	3,655
Non-official languages	380	165	215	11,600	5,285	6,315
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	615	290	325
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	500	230	265
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	445	210	235
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	35	20	20
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	375	165	215	11,000	4,995	6,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	180	100	75
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	10	180	105	75
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	165	100	70
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	10	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	280	120	160
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	270	110	160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15	775	280	500
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	45	10	40
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	60	20	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	45	15	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	15	685	240	440
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	45	55
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	45	25	20
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	20
Telugu	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	145	170	7,920	3,730	4,190
Albanian	0	0	0	15	15	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25	990	475	515
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	0	0
Slavic languages	50	30	25	965	460	505
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Croatian	0	0	0	80	35	45
Czech	0	0	0	160	95	70
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Polish	0	0	0	265	135	130
Russian	10	0	0	255	90	165
Serbian	15	10	10	25	15	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	35	25	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	10	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	130	65	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	30	20	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Germanic languages	170	85	85	3,055	1,435	1,615
Afrikaans	20	10	10	150	70	80
Danish	10	10	0	170	75	95
Dutch	45	15	30	895	400	500
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	105	60	45	1,765	875	885
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	40	30	15
Swedish	0	0	0	130	55	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	60	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	1,530	760	770
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	10	1,395	700	695
Bengali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	320	170	150
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	1,115	540	575
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Urdu	0	0	0	120	60	60
Iranian languages	10	10	0	145	70	75
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	0	140	65	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	25	45	2,595	1,170	1,430
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	15	10	0	365	155	210
Portuguese	10	10	10	290	120	170
Romanian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Spanish	55	15	45	2,000	895	1,105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Japanese	10	10	0	215	60	155
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	210	100	110
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	15	10	0
Swahili	0	0	0	55	25	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	195	60	130
American Sign Language	0	0	0	80	10	70
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	50	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	850	380	470
Chinese languages	20	10	20	850	380	470
Cantonese	0	0	0	265	110	155
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	0	15	605	270	335
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	50	20	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	75	15	60
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	65	15	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	85	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	15	10
Turkish	0	0	0	75	35	45
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	230	105	125
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Finnish	10	0	10	90	35	55
Hungarian	10	10	0	130	70	60
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	4,930	2,350	2,580	105,915	52,075	53,845
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,825	2,300	2,520	102,040	50,300	51,740
Canadian citizens aged under 18	970	485	480	20,310	10,480	9,830
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,860	1,815	2,045	81,730	39,820	41,905
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	100	45	55	3,875	1,775	2,105
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	4,930	2,345	2,580	105,915	52,075	53,845
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	4,510	2,165	2,345	91,870	45,575	46,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	415	175	240	13,325	6,145	7,175
Before 1981	260	115	140	7,295	3,465	3,835
1981 to 1990	25	10	10	1,425	625	800
1991 to 2000	60	25	25	1,275	560	715
2001 to 2010	45	15	35	1,950	795	1,150
2001 to 2005	30	10	20	820	335	485
2006 to 2010	20	10	15	1,130	460	665
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	30	10	15	1,375	705	670
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	10	10	0	730	355	375
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	410	175	235	13,325	6,145	7,180
Under 5 years	80	25	50	1,870	935	935
5 to 14 years	100	50	50	2,780	1,320	1,460
15 to 24 years	80	30	50	3,135	1,450	1,685
25 to 44 years	135	55	75	4,660	2,045	2,610
45 years and over	20	10	0	880	395	485
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	415	175	235	13,325	6,145	7,180
Americas	65	10	50	2,075	910	1,170
Brazil	0	0	10	35	10	25
Colombia	0	0	0	40	10	30
El Salvador	0	0	0	25	10	15
Guyana	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	60	30	30
Mexico	0	0	0	175	80	100
Peru	0	0	10	35	20	20
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	55	35	25
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	0	40	1,380	595	780
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	250	115	135
Europe	255	135	120	7,575	3,635	3,935
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	25	15	10
Croatia	10	10	0	55	25	25
France	0	0	0	115	45	70
Germany	60	35	25	865	435	430
Greece	0	0	0	40	25	20
Hungary	0	10	0	95	40	50
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	100	50	50
Italy	10	0	0	170	85	80
Netherlands	35	15	20	735	360	380
Poland	0	0	0	195	70	125
Portugal	0	0	0	120	50	65
Romania	0	0	0	60	35	30
Russian Federation	0	0	0	100	55	45
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	10	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	60	30	35
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	100	50	50	4,150	2,015	2,135
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10	670	290	380
Africa	15	0	10	460	200	255
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	0	0	0	40	20	25
Morocco	0	0	0	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	230	80	150
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	130	60	70
Asia	60	20	40	2,855	1,210	1,645
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	10	0	320	115	200
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	95	35	65
India	10	10	10	730	355	375
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	95	50	45
Iraq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	55	15	40
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	165	90	85
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	100	45	60
Philippines	10	0	10	610	220	390
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	65	35	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	65	25	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0	190	85	105
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	305	120	180
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	15	0	15	365	190	175
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	30	15	15	1,370	705	670
Americas	0	0	0	245	120	125
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	40	20	25
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	145	70	70
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	35	25	10
Europe	0	0	0	325	175	145
France	0	0	0	25	0	20
Germany	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	20	15	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	195	115	80
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	50	30	20
Africa	15	0	10	95	50	40
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	40	20	20
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	35	15	25
Asia	15	0	10	680	335	340
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	70	35	30
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	10	10	10
India	10	10	0	100	60	40
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	45	15	30
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	45	25	25
Philippines	0	0	0	255	120	130
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	50	20	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	30	20	15
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	35	15	15
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	35	20	15
Australia	0	0	0	20	15	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,930	2,345	2,580	105,920	52,075	53,845
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	430	185	240	14,905	6,910	7,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	960	455	500	20,760	10,275	10,480
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	3,540	1,700	1,840	70,260	34,890	35,370
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	155	60	95	6,245	2,775	3,470
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	80	25	50	3,235	1,515	1,715
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	40	15	20	1,285	735	550
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	45	15	30	1,950	785	1,170
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	50	20	35	2,515	955	1,565
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	15	15	0	460	280	175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	10	40	20	20
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	4,925	2,350	2,580	105,915	52,075	53,845
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	345	125	220	10,160	5,035	5,125
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	320	115	205	9,905	4,915	4,990
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	125	50	80	7,105	3,565	3,545
Métis	195	70	125	2,755	1,310	1,440
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	45	35	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	0	10	160	90	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	10	95	35	60
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,585	2,225	2,360	95,755	47,040	48,715
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	4,925	2,345	2,580	105,920	52,075	53,845
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	70	15	50	6,120	2,980	3,140
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,855	2,330	2,530	99,795	49,095	50,705
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	4,930	2,345	2,585	105,915	52,075	53,840
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	25	15	15	4,560	2,280	2,280
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	30	15	15	4,530	2,265	2,260
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10	10	0	4,250	2,120	2,125
Métis single ancestry	20	10	10	265	130	130
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	15	20	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	435	185	250	6,885	3,325	3,565
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	410	165	245	6,485	3,135	3,350
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	250	120	135	4,100	2,050	2,050
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	160	50	105	2,330	1,040	1,290
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	50	40	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	15	10	405	190	210
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	405	190	215
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	4,465	2,150	2,315	94,470	46,470	48,000
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	4,925	2,350	2,580	105,915	52,075	53,845
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	165	95	70	7,105	3,330	3,775
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	10	0	2,160	1,115	1,045
Chinese	30	10	20	1,380	615	770
Black	15	15	0	510	260	255
Filipino	15	0	15	935	365	570
Latin American	0	0	0	520	220	305
Arab	10	10	0	150	90	60
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	505	215	295
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	10	0	100	45	55
Korean	10	0	0	215	105	110
Japanese	50	45	10	325	145	175
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	100	50	45
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	15	10	10	210	105	100
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	4,760	2,250	2,510	98,810	48,745	50,070
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	4,925	2,345	2,580	105,915	52,075	53,845
North American Aboriginal origins	465	195	265	11,450	5,605	5,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	285	140	150	8,780	4,380	4,405
Inuit	20	10	0	70	55	10
Métis	200	75	125	3,030	1,375	1,655
Other North American origins	1,405	675	725	31,485	15,825	15,660
Acadian	10	0	0	100	35	65
American	80	40	45	2,090	1,070	1,020
Canadian	1,350	650	700	29,870	15,045	14,825
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	80	50	25
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	100	35	65
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	15	10	10
European origins	4,310	2,040	2,265	83,195	40,480	42,715
British Isles origins	2,855	1,330	1,525	64,075	31,030	33,045
Channel Islander	0	0	0	25	20	10
Cornish	0	0	0	15	10	10
English	1,855	810	1,050	42,090	20,040	22,050
Irish	1,205	575	635	20,105	9,240	10,865
Manx	0	0	0	60	35	25
Scottish	1,350	595	750	29,215	13,970	15,245
Welsh	190	90	95	3,840	1,820	2,020
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	140	75	60	3,955	1,810	2,140
French origins	720	315	405	11,605	5,485	6,125
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	720	315	400	11,605	5,480	6,125
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,635	745	890	22,150	10,865	11,285
Austrian	45	25	15	1,085	565	525
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belgian	55	15	40	715	340	370
Dutch	485	195	290	6,405	3,075	3,335
Flemish	0	0	0	80	40	45
Frisian	0	0	0	30	15	15
German	1,185	565	620	15,185	7,485	7,700
Luxembourger	15	10	10	0	10	0
Swiss	70	25	45	680	335	340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	640	320	325	10,660	4,910	5,750
Danish	145	65	75	2,145	975	1,165
Finnish	25	0	20	1,025	470	555
Icelandic	50	25	20	970	510	455
Norwegian	280	135	140	3,980	1,780	2,200
Swedish	155	70	85	3,200	1,480	1,720
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	20	10	0	430	205	225
Eastern European origins	750	355	395	12,695	6,070	6,615
Bulgarian	0	0	0	50	30	25
Byelorussian	0	0	0	55	25	25
Czech	30	10	20	565	255	310
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	20	0	15	270	135	135
Estonian	0	0	0	85	35	50
Hungarian	60	30	35	1,190	570	615
Latvian	15	10	0	135	60	75
Lithuanian	10	0	10	170	80	85
Moldovan	0	0	0	30	0	20
Polish	155	95	60	3,645	1,845	1,805
Romanian	50	15	30	565	295	270
Russian	95	35	60	2,090	965	1,130
Slovak	0	0	0	185	80	100
Ukrainian	430	190	240	5,665	2,590	3,075
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	70	30	35
Southern European origins	235	115	125	6,185	2,915	3,265
Albanian	0	0	0	25	15	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	10	370	210	160
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	350	160	185
Italian	130	60	70	3,345	1,595	1,750
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	35	10	25
Maltese	0	0	0	70	30	35
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	815	365	455
Serbian	25	10	15	155	80	75
Sicilian	0	0	0	40	15	30
Slovenian	15	10	0	65	30	30
Spanish	35	20	20	1,085	490	590
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	30	15	15	120	70	55
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other European origins	45	20	30	625	305	320
Basque	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jewish	20	10	10	305	155	150
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	30	10	20
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	30	10	20	275	135	140
Caribbean origins	20	20	0	475	235	245
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Bermudan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	40	10	30
Dominican	0	0	0	30	20	10
Grenadian	10	10	0	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Jamaican	20	15	0	210	110	105
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	30	20	15
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	75	30	45
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	30	25	0	1,050	470	580
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	75	45	30
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Belizean	0	0	0	15	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	10	10	85	25	60
Chilean	10	10	0	90	25	65
Colombian	0	0	0	100	40	60
Costa Rican	0	0	0	30	20	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	45	15	30
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Honduran	0	0	0	30	10	20
Maya	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mexican	10	0	0	455	200	260
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	45	25	15
Panamanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Salvadorean	0	0	0	45	15	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	35	25	10
African origins	20	10	10	855	405	450
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	90	40	50
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	0	10
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Liberian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	15	10	10
North African origins	0	0	0	95	60	35
Algerian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	10
Moroccan	0	0	0	40	25	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	10	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	335	110	225
Afrikaner	0	0	0	10	10	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	40	0	35
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	250	70	180
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	30	20	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins	15	10	0	345	200	150
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	0	0	40	30	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	305	170	135
Asian origins	225	145	80	6,840	3,195	3,640
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	40	25	10	670	330	340
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Armenian	10	10	0	40	15	30
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	20	15	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	10	10	180	80	100
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Israeli	0	0	0	35	25	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	0	0	145	80	65
Palestinian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	100	55	40
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	75	30	50
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	25	10	15
South Asian origins	50	40	10	2,300	1,200	1,100
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	50	40	10	2,035	1,060	980
Goan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	25	20	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	75	15	55
Punjabi	0	0	0	100	65	35
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	20	20	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	135	80	55	3,855	1,670	2,190
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	15	10	15
Chinese	60	20	40	1,725	795	930
Filipino	30	0	25	1,045	410	630
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	135	35	100
Japanese	70	60	10	420	195	225
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	215	105	105
Laotian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	65	10	50
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	45	20	25
Thai	0	0	0	90	20	70
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	335	150	190
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	40	20	20
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Oceania origins	30	15	15	715	355	365
Australian	25	10	15	365	160	200
New Zealander	0	0	0	175	115	60
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	190	85	105
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	135	50	80
Maori	0	0	0	15	10	10
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	2,130	...	...	44,600	...	...
Owner	1,710	...	...	33,235	...	...
Renter	420	...	...	11,235	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	2,130	...	...	44,600	...	...
Condominium	380	...	...	5,225	...	...
Not condominium	1,755	...	...	39,380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	2,135	...	...	44,600	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	160	...	...
1 bedroom	180	...	...	4,480	...	...
2 bedrooms	570	...	...	11,790	...	...
3 bedrooms	725	...	...	16,405	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	655	...	...	11,770	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	2,130	...	...	44,605	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	445	...	...	10,305	...	...
5 rooms	325	...	...	7,280	...	...
6 rooms	265	...	...	7,015	...	...
7 rooms	340	...	...	5,910	...	...
8 or more rooms	755	...	...	14,095	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	2,130	...	...	44,600	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,130	...	...	44,190	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	2,130	...	...	44,600	...	...
Suitable	2,090	...	...	43,175	...	...
Not suitable	45	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	2,135	...	...	44,600	...	...
1960 or before	335	...	...	5,640	...	...
1961 to 1980	605	...	...	11,610	...	...
1981 to 1990	250	...	...	5,860	...	...
1991 to 2000	530	...	...	7,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	105	...	...	3,190	...	...
2006 to 2010	230	...	...	6,130	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	85	...	...	4,180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	2,130	...	...	44,600	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	2,010	...	...	41,815	...	...
Major repairs needed	120	...	...	2,785	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	2,135	...	...	44,605	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,255	...	...	24,710	...	...
2 household maintainers	840	...	...	18,720	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	40	...	...	1,170	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	2,130	...	...	44,600	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...	940	...	...
25 to 34 years	225	...	...	5,365	...	...
35 to 44 years	325	...	...	6,640	...	...
45 to 54 years	320	...	...	8,805	...	...
55 to 64 years	475	...	...	9,930	...	...
65 to 74 years	405	...	...	7,685	...	...
75 to 84 years	265	...	...	3,800	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...	1,435	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	2,130	...	...	43,210	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,685	...	...	32,710	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	440	...	...	10,505	...	...
30% to less than 100%	405	...	...	9,225	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,710	...	...	32,210	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.3	...	...	62.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	885	...	...	1,158	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	960	...	...	1,268	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	343,620	...	...	400,844	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	345,723	...	...	450,982	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	420	...	...	11,045	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.2	...	...	42.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	950	...	...	1,002	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,008	...	...	1,063	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,075	1,925	2,150	88,790	43,265	45,525
No certificate, diploma or degree	795	405	395	14,910	7,960	6,950
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,450	650	795	27,075	13,090	13,980
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,840	875	965	46,805	22,205	24,595
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	530	400	130	10,200	7,695	2,505
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	200	110	90	3,945	2,315	1,630
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	330	290	40	6,260	5,380	875
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	910	315	595	18,695	6,835	11,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	15	55	3,085	1,100	1,985
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	325	145	180	14,825	6,575	8,245
Bachelor's degree	200	90	115	9,615	4,015	5,600
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	10	35	1,245	535	705
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	10	415	240	175
Master's degree	75	50	25	3,080	1,480	1,605
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	465	305	165
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,485	1,175	1,305	57,745	27,820	29,935
No certificate, diploma or degree	255	155	100	6,305	3,700	2,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	955	465	495	17,255	8,580	8,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,275	565	710	34,190	15,535	18,645
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	320	250	70	7,065	5,360	1,705
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	115	70	50	2,605	1,545	1,065
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	200	180	25	4,455	3,815	645
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	690	220	475	14,140	5,080	9,055
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50	10	45	2,175	775	1,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	205	80	125	10,810	4,320	6,490
Bachelor's degree	145	60	85	7,270	2,850	4,420
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	20	900	325	575
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	295	135	160
Master's degree	45	25	20	2,120	905	1,215
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	220	105	120
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,075	1,930	2,150	88,790	43,265	45,525
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,240	1,050	1,185	41,985	21,055	20,930
Education	155	40	110	3,390	935	2,450
13. Education	160	40	110	3,390	940	2,450
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	10	40	1,515	605	915
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	280	220	55
50. Visual and performing arts	40	10	35	1,240	385	860
Humanities	45	30	20	2,000	845	1,155
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	220	55	165
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	530	155	375
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	505	205	300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	125	75	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	0	250	165	80
54. History	0	10	0	275	165	115
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	80	20	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	105	20	90	4,880	1,615	3,265
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	90	40	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	395	180	210
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	50	10	40	985	60	930
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	800	200	600
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	80	25	50
42. Psychology	20	0	20	925	275	655
45. Social sciences	25	10	15	1,605	830	770
Business, management and public administration	350	80	270	8,120	2,650	5,470
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	40	0	35	775	190	580
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	310	75	230	7,335	2,455	4,880
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	15	15	1,370	735	640
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	10	0	625	290	335
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	255	120	135
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	10	10	10	385	285	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	105	35	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	1,260	830	430
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	1,050	710	340
25. Library science	0	0	0	55	15	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	145	90	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	535	515	15	10,645	9,970	675
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	210	125	90
14. Engineering	30	25	0	1,075	945	135
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	85	75	15	1,890	1,635	255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	195	190	0	3,155	3,065	85
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	160	160	0	2,745	2,695	55
48. Precision production	65	65	0	1,565	1,510	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	55	20	35	1,380	910	465
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	30	10	20	750	475	280
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	15	625	435	190
Health and related fields	335	45	290	8,820	1,360	7,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	20	0	10	445	195	250
51. Health professions and related programs	315	40	275	8,265	1,100	7,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	110	70	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	165	90	75	3,415	1,750	1,665
12. Personal and culinary services	120	40	80	2,085	675	1,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	20	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	70	10
43. Security and protective services	10	15	0	465	310	160
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	35	0	765	680	85
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,485	1,180	1,305	57,745	27,820	29,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,215	615	595	23,560	12,280	11,285
Education	85	25	60	2,060	440	1,620
13. Education	85	25	60	2,055	440	1,615
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	0	25	1,095	395	700
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	155	115	35
50. Visual and performing arts	30	0	30	940	275	665
Humanities	20	10	15	1,340	585	755
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	150	30	115
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	350	105	250
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	390	175	215
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	10	75	60	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	135	90	50
54. History	0	0	0	180	110	75
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	55	10	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	80	15	65	3,755	1,100	2,655
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	60	20	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	315	135	180
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	35	0	30	800	40	760
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	635	115	515
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	75	25	45
42. Psychology	10	0	10	645	180	465
45. Social sciences	25	10	15	1,225	575	650
Business, management and public administration	255	45	205	6,140	1,945	4,205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	0	30	575	105	465
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	215	45	170	5,560	1,830	3,730
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	0	20	970	430	540
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	480	190	295
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	205	85	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	10	0	220	155	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	55	10	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	1,020	665	355
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	915	620	295
25. Library science	0	0	0	35	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	55	25	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	355	335	20	7,650	7,085	565
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	175	90	85
14. Engineering	15	20	0	730	630	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	70	55	15	1,345	1,130	215
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	140	135	0	2,450	2,370	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	95	95	0	1,860	1,825	40
48. Precision production	30	25	0	1,085	1,040	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45	20	30	985	610	375
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	25	10	15	525	320	210
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	10	10	460	290	165
Health and related fields	240	35	210	6,645	1,025	5,620
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	20	10	15	335	125	210
51. Health professions and related programs	225	30	195	6,235	860	5,375
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	75	35	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	115	60	60	2,525	1,265	1,260
12. Personal and culinary services	80	20	60	1,615	560	1,050
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	15	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	55	45	10
43. Security and protective services	15	15	0	340	210	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	25	0	500	425	75
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,075	1,925	2,150	88,790	43,265	45,525
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,235	1,050	1,185	41,985	21,055	20,930
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,840	870	960	46,805	22,205	24,595
Location of study inside Canada	1,690	800	885	41,245	19,510	21,740
Same as province or territory of residence	1,340	620	715	30,630	14,055	16,575
Different than province or territory of residence	350	175	170	10,615	5,450	5,165
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	155	75	80	5,555	2,705	2,855
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	60	25	35	1,380	700	680
Philippines	10	0	0	360	125	240
India	0	0	0	285	145	135
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	30	25	10	1,620	820	800
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	10	105	35	70
France	0	0	0	45	20	30
Other	45	25	25	1,765	865	895
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,490	1,180	1,305	57,750	27,815	29,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,215	615	600	23,560	12,280	11,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,275	560	710	34,190	15,535	18,645
Location of study inside Canada	1,185	525	660	30,895	14,065	16,830
Same as province or territory of residence	950	400	550	23,815	10,550	13,260
Different than province or territory of residence	230	130	105	7,085	3,520	3,565
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	90	40	55	3,290	1,465	1,815
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	25	10	20	810	380	440
Philippines	0	0	0	340	115	225
India	0	10	0	200	95	105
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	675	320	360
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	0	100	35	65
France	0	0	0	35	20	15
Other	30	15	20	1,125	515	615
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	4,075	1,925	2,150	88,790	43,265	45,530
In the labour force	2,290	1,180	1,110	55,760	28,495	27,260
Employed	2,140	1,080	1,060	52,115	26,475	25,640
Unemployed	150	100	50	3,645	2,025	1,625
Not in the labour force	1,785	745	1,040	33,030	14,765	18,265
Participation rate	56.2	61.3	51.6	62.8	65.9	59.9
Employment rate	52.5	56.1	49.3	58.7	61.2	56.3
Unemployment rate	6.6	8.5	4.5	6.5	7.1	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	4,080	1,925	2,150	88,790	43,265	45,525
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,575	665	910	30,585	13,430	17,160
Worked	2,500	1,265	1,240	58,200	29,835	28,370
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,215	670	545	28,140	15,820	12,315
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,285	595	695	30,060	14,010	16,050
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.1	41.0	42.6	42.8	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,290	1,180	1,110	55,760	28,495	27,260
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	45	25	20	1,055	500	555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,245	1,160	1,090	54,705	27,995	26,705
Employee	1,965	995	965	46,510	23,200	23,315
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	280	160	120	8,190	4,800	3,400
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,290	1,180	1,110	55,760	28,495	27,260
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	45	25	20	1,055	505	550
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,245	1,155	1,090	54,705	28,000	26,710
0 Management occupations	205	105	100	6,185	3,680	2,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	280	75	205	7,950	1,825	6,125
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	85	65	20	3,085	2,415	665
3 Health occupations	160	10	150	4,095	735	3,360
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	200	60	145	6,380	2,190	4,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	35	10	35	1,495	620	880
6 Sales and service occupations	605	265	335	13,065	5,125	7,935
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	430	410	20	9,200	8,720	475
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	80	50	35	1,760	1,425	335
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	165	115	50	1,490	1,250	240
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,290	1,180	1,110	55,760	28,495	27,260
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	45	25	20	1,055	505	555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,245	1,155	1,090	54,705	27,995	26,710
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	40	25	1,805	1,295	510
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	10	370	330	40
22 Utilities	40	35	0	205	165	35
23 Construction	190	180	15	5,420	4,835	585
31-33 Manufacturing	315	220	95	3,175	2,560	610
41 Wholesale trade	80	45	35	1,230	920	310
44-45 Retail trade	350	175	170	7,165	3,160	3,995
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	80	70	10	1,920	1,460	455
51 Information and cultural industries	20	15	10	815	485	330
52 Finance and insurance	65	20	50	1,795	540	1,260
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	35	30	10	925	500	425
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	100	35	60	3,130	1,570	1,565
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	55	25	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	10	20	2,500	1,475	1,025
61 Educational services	110	45	60	3,455	1,000	2,460
62 Health care and social assistance	270	20	250	7,170	1,300	5,870
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	45	10	35	1,295	580	705
72 Accommodation and food services	160	75	85	4,260	1,800	2,460
81 Other services (except public administration)	150	50	100	2,585	1,045	1,540
91 Public administration	110	55	55	5,435	2,940	2,495
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,140	1,080	1,060	52,115	26,475	25,635
Worked at home	125	75	45	4,725	2,125	2,595
Worked outside Canada	10	10	10	145	105	45
No fixed workplace address	230	165	65	7,895	6,125	1,770
Worked at usual place	1,780	840	940	39,350	18,120	21,230
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,780	835	940	39,350	18,120	21,230
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	700	340	355	10,765	4,825	5,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	930	400	535	22,545	9,855	12,685
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	140	90	50	5,685	3,145	2,545
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0	360	300	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,005	1,000	1,010	47,245	24,245	23,005
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,665	830	835	38,555	19,995	18,560
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	85	45	45	2,640	1,260	1,380
Public transit	30	10	15	1,875	710	1,165
Walked	180	80	105	2,340	1,025	1,315
Bicycle	25	20	10	835	595	245
Other method	20	20	0	1,000	665	335
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,010	1,000	1,005	47,250	24,245	23,000
Less than 15 minutes	800	410	395	14,165	6,295	7,870
15 to 29 minutes	785	355	425	13,965	7,135	6,830
30 to 44 minutes	270	130	145	9,475	5,350	4,125
45 to 59 minutes	75	45	30	5,080	2,730	2,355
60 minutes and over	85	65	20	4,555	2,740	1,820
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,010	1,000	1,010	47,245	24,245	23,000
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	235	150	85	3,390	2,455	935
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	385	245	140	10,610	6,580	4,025
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	545	245	300	12,225	6,190	6,035
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	360	155	205	9,245	3,475	5,765
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	185	45	140	4,995	1,865	3,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	295	160	140	6,785	3,675	3,110
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,550	1,275	1,270	59,985	30,630	29,355
Single responses	2,545	1,270	1,270	59,805	30,550	29,250
Official languages	2,545	1,270	1,270	59,705	30,505	29,200
English	2,540	1,265	1,270	59,595	30,490	29,105
French	0	0	0	105	10	95
Non-official languages	10	0	0	105	55	55
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	10	100	55	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	10	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	10	0	0	0	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	20	15	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	25	15	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	175	75	105
English and French	10	10	0	75	30	45
English and non-official language	0	0	0	90	45	50
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,550	1,280	1,270	59,985	30,630	29,355
None	2,530	1,270	1,260	58,675	30,060	28,615
English	10	0	0	135	30	110
French	10	0	0	545	300	240
Non-official language	10	0	0	595	220	375
Aboriginal	0	0	0	115	40	80
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	10	480	180	300
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	25	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	4,890	2,335	2,555	104,925	51,545	53,375
Non-movers	4,330	2,090	2,240	89,335	43,935	45,400
Movers	555	245	310	15,590	7,615	7,975
Non-migrants	210	95	110	7,940	3,915	4,020
Migrants	350	150	200	7,655	3,695	3,955
Internal migrants	340	145	195	6,995	3,325	3,665
Intraprovincial migrants	280	120	160	5,260	2,490	2,770
Interprovincial migrants	65	25	35	1,730	830	895
External migrants	10	0	10	660	370	290
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	4,675	2,215	2,460	100,455	49,300	51,160
Non-movers	2,845	1,315	1,530	58,780	29,125	29,655
Movers	1,830	900	925	41,685	20,175	21,510
Non-migrants	850	420	430	20,705	10,125	10,585
Migrants	980	480	500	20,975	10,050	10,925
Internal migrants	970	480	490	19,015	9,055	9,960
Intraprovincial migrants	740	370	375	13,775	6,565	7,205
Interprovincial migrants	225	110	115	5,240	2,490	2,750
External migrants	15	0	10	1,960	990	960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Armstrong, CY [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan--Malahat--Langford [Federal electoral district], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Armstrong, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan--Malahat--Langford [Federal electoral district], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Armstrong, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan--Malahat--Langford [Federal electoral district], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Armstrong, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan--Malahat--Langford [Federal electoral district], British Columbia