Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Shuniah, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Williams Lake, CY British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Shuniah, MU Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Williams Lake, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : Williams Lake, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Shuniah, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	10,753	...	...	2,798	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	10,832	...	...	2,737	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.7	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,005	...	...	2,130	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	4,506	...	...	1,196	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	324.6	...	...	4.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	33.13	...	...	570.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	10,755	5,335	5,420	2,800	1,425	1,370
0 to 14 years	1,805	955	855	315	160	160
0 to 4 years	595	325	275	115	60	55
5 to 9 years	605	320	290	95	45	50
10 to 14 years	600	310	290	105	60	50
15 to 64 years	6,890	3,445	3,455	1,820	905	915
15 to 19 years	620	320	300	130	60	70
20 to 24 years	690	375	315	140	75	65
25 to 29 years	710	355	350	105	50	55
30 to 34 years	750	380	365	125	60	65
35 to 39 years	630	315	315	135	70	65
40 to 44 years	630	295	335	145	65	80
45 to 49 years	695	345	350	155	75	80
50 to 54 years	670	315	350	265	130	135
55 to 59 years	780	390	390	295	150	145
60 to 64 years	730	360	375	330	170	155
65 years and over	2,055	940	1,115	660	355	300
65 to 69 years	655	325	320	270	135	130
70 to 74 years	440	235	205	175	95	80
75 to 79 years	330	145	190	105	55	50
80 to 84 years	280	100	185	65	40	25
85 years and over	345	135	210	45	25	15
85 to 89 years	150	85	65	40	25	10
90 to 94 years	180	45	140	15	0	10
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	0	0	0
100 years and over	5	5	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.9	15.8	11.3	11.2	11.7
15 to 64 years	64.1	64.6	63.7	65.0	63.5	66.8
65 years and over	19.1	17.6	20.6	23.6	24.9	21.9
85 years and over	3.2	2.5	3.9	1.6	1.8	1.1
Average age of the population	41.7	40.4	43.0	47.6	48.2	47.0
Median age of the population	41.4	39.4	43.1	52.8	53.6	51.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Single-detached house	2,165	...	...	1,125	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,845	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	240	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	335	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	495	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	765	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	500	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
1 person	1,425	...	...	265	...	...
2 persons	1,610	...	...	570	...	...
3 persons	650	...	...	155	...	...
4 persons	510	...	...	155	...	...
5 or more persons	305	...	...	55	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,325	...	...	2,785	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	8,945	4,380	4,565	2,480	1,265	1,215
Married or living common law	4,890	2,480	2,410	1,750	875	875
Married	3,670	1,870	1,800	1,475	740	735
Living common law	1,220	610	610	275	135	140
Not married and not living common law	4,060	1,905	2,155	740	390	340
Never married	2,465	1,370	1,090	445	245	195
Separated	350	150	200	65	35	25
Divorced	620	285	340	105	70	30
Widowed	625	100	530	125	40	90
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,915	...	...	940	...	...
2 persons	1,650	...	...	600	...	...
3 persons	580	...	...	150	...	...
4 persons	475	...	...	150	...	...
5 or more persons	205	...	...	35	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,915	...	...	935	...	...
Total couple families	2,330	...	...	860	...	...
Married couples	1,720	...	...	725	...	...
Common-law couples	610	...	...	135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	585	...	...	75	...	...
Female parent	465	...	...	55	...	...
Male parent	125	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	2,330	...	...	860	...	...
Couples without children	1,305	...	...	545	...	...
Couples with children	1,025	...	...	315	...	...
1 child	415	...	...	135	...	...
2 children	420	...	...	150	...	...
3 or more children	190	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	585	...	...	75	...	...
1 child	355	...	...	55	...	...
2 children	165	...	...	15	...	...
3 or more children	75	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,275	1,165	1,110	340	200	140
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
One-census-family households	2,760	...	...	900	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,250	...	...	530	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,510	...	...	370	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	75	...	...	20	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,670	...	...	275	...	...
One-person households	1,430	...	...	265	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	240	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	10,370	5,165	5,205	2,800	1,425	1,370
English only	9,840	4,940	4,900	2,525	1,305	1,220
French only	30	5	25	5	5	0
English and French	425	195	235	265	115	150
Neither English nor French	65	25	45	5	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	10,370	5,165	5,205	2,800	1,425	1,375
English	10,165	5,085	5,080	2,710	1,380	1,330
French	130	55	75	80	45	40
English and French	15	10	5	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	65	25	40	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	135	60	80	85	45	40
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.2	1.5	3.0	3.2	2.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	10,370	5,165	5,205	2,795	1,425	1,375
Single responses	10,215	5,090	5,125	2,780	1,420	1,365
Official languages	9,180	4,605	4,580	2,580	1,320	1,260
English	9,030	4,545	4,485	2,495	1,275	1,220
French	150	60	90	90	45	40
Non-official languages	1,030	480	545	200	95	105
Aboriginal languages	130	45	80	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	5	5	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	95	35	65	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	100	35	65	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	90	30	60	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	905	435	465	195	95	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	30	45	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	40	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	695	345	350	125	65	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	30	50	20	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	40	25	50	25	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	5	5	0	5
Czech	0	5	0	5	5	5
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	15	5	10
Russian	10	5	5	5	5	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	235	110	120	45	25	20
Afrikaans	40	25	15	0	0	0
Danish	10	5	5	10	10	0
Dutch	30	15	15	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	145	60	85	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	315	165	155	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	310	165	150	0	0	0
Bengali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	145	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	5	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	35	45	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	15	5	25	10	10
Portuguese	15	5	10	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	40	15	25	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	15	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	35	5	0	5
Chinese languages	55	25	35	0	5	5
Cantonese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	15	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	65	30	35
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	55	25	30
Hungarian	5	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	155	75	75	15	5	10
English and French	25	15	10	5	5	5
English and non-official language	130	65	70	10	0	5
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	10,370	5,165	5,205	2,800	1,425	1,370
Single responses	10,155	5,060	5,090	2,760	1,410	1,350
Official languages	9,720	4,850	4,870	2,730	1,390	1,335
English	9,675	4,845	4,835	2,685	1,370	1,320
French	45	10	35	45	20	20
Non-official languages	430	215	220	35	20	15
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	0	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	415	200	210	30	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	20	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	160	160	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	15	5	15	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	10	0	0
Russian	0	5	0	5	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	25	30	5	0	0
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	240	120	120	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	240	120	125	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	110	120	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Cantonese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	215	100	115	35	15	20
English and French	10	5	5	10	5	5
English and non-official language	205	95	110	25	5	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	10,370	5,165	5,205	2,800	1,425	1,375
None	9,760	4,885	4,870	2,655	1,355	1,305
English	170	75	95	35	15	10
French	60	30	30	40	20	20
Non-official language	380	170	210	65	30	35
Aboriginal	110	45	60	5	5	0
Non-Aboriginal	275	125	145	65	30	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
French and non-official language	5	0	0	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,520	4,200	4,325	2,465	1,260	1,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,290	4,090	4,200	2,400	1,235	1,170
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,093	47,181	26,297	46,144	57,429	37,171
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,300	4,095	4,200	2,405	1,235	1,170
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,686	41,015	24,698	40,306	49,579	33,134
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,330	3,740	3,595	2,250	1,180	1,070
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,896	47,093	23,509	42,859	52,896	34,048
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,815	2,505	3,315	1,645	820	830
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,350	7,744	7,083	8,549	9,968	7,819
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,260	3,250	3,005	1,760	940	810
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,581	50,560	24,531	39,211	49,451	33,888
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	8,520	4,195	4,320	2,470	1,260	1,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,275	4,085	4,195	2,420	1,240	1,180
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,353	55,137	31,869	56,890	67,978	45,228
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,280	4,085	4,195	2,425	1,240	1,185
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,861	45,650	28,304	46,718	54,940	38,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,330	3,775	3,560	2,225	1,190	1,040
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,219	53,977	29,745	54,891	63,925	44,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,790	2,420	3,370	1,665	855	810
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,489	8,855	8,227	9,382	9,867	8,869
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,260	3,320	2,940	1,760	965	785
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,760	54,101	29,964	50,612	57,430	42,252
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	8,520	4,195	4,325	2,470	1,260	1,210
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,660	1,610	1,050	770	415	355
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	56,538	66,636	41,120	67,106	72,892	58,642
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,583	71,240	46,788	77,302	86,438	66,484
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.1	89.9	79.9	89.0	90.1	86.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.1	78.9	66.4	64.7	65.9	62.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.9	10.0	20.1	11.1	9.7	13.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	8,525	4,195	4,325	2,465	1,255	1,210
Without total income	230	110	125	60	20	40
With total income	8,290	4,090	4,195	2,405	1,235	1,170
Percentage with total income	97.2	97.5	97.0	97.6	98.4	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,105	430	680	225	70	160
$10,000 to $19,999	1,415	510	900	290	115	180
$20,000 to $29,999	1,230	460	770	260	125	135
$30,000 to $39,999	1,005	410	595	280	125	150
$40,000 to $49,999	735	315	425	235	115	125
$50,000 to $59,999	600	335	265	205	110	100
$60,000 to $69,999	570	385	190	190	115	80
$70,000 to $79,999	430	300	130	155	90	70
$80,000 to $89,999	340	245	95	140	85	55
$90,000 to $99,999	250	200	45	120	75	45
$100,000 and over	610	500	110	300	220	80
$100,000 to $149,999	500	410	85	190	145	45
$150,000 and over	110	90	20	115	80	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	8,525	4,200	4,325	2,470	1,255	1,205
Without after-tax income	225	100	120	60	25	40
With after-tax income	8,300	4,100	4,200	2,405	1,235	1,170
Percentage with after-tax income	97.4	97.6	97.1	97.4	98.4	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,140	445	695	245	70	175
$10,000 to $19,999	1,495	565	930	305	115	185
$20,000 to $29,999	1,425	530	895	315	150	165
$30,000 to $39,999	1,120	465	660	335	155	180
$40,000 to $49,999	830	415	415	270	135	140
$50,000 to $59,999	760	515	240	270	160	110
$60,000 to $69,999	525	365	155	200	130	75
$70,000 to $79,999	415	310	105	160	105	55
$80,000 and over	585	470	110	310	225	85
$80,000 to $89,999	240	195	45	90	60	30
$90,000 to $99,999	150	130	20	50	45	5
$100,000 and over	195	155	45	165	120	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	8,525	4,195	4,320	2,470	1,260	1,210
Without employment income	2,265	945	1,315	710	315	395
With employment income	6,260	3,250	3,005	1,755	940	810
Percentage with employment income	73.4	77.5	69.6	71.1	74.6	66.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	945	380	565	300	155	135
$5,000 to $9,999	480	200	280	95	40	50
$10,000 to $19,999	730	280	450	185	85	100
$20,000 to $29,999	675	260	415	155	75	85
$30,000 to $39,999	665	275	390	165	70	95
$40,000 to $49,999	505	220	290	125	45	80
$50,000 to $59,999	450	260	190	140	70	70
$60,000 to $69,999	455	310	145	105	60	45
$70,000 to $79,999	355	245	105	110	65	40
$80,000 and over	1,005	825	175	380	275	110
$80,000 to $89,999	295	225	70	85	55	30
$90,000 to $99,999	215	180	40	85	55	35
$100,000 and over	495	425	65	215	170	45
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,831	...	...	96,939	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,788	...	...	81,664	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,430	...	...	265	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,090	...	...	52,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,534	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,075	...	...	935	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,033	...	...	111,232	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,088	...	...	94,208	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,621	...	...	115,142	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,735	...	...	94,711	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,430	...	...	260	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,120	...	...	57,671	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,666	...	...	47,965	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,080	...	...	935	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,599	...	...	131,154	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,196	...	...	107,734	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	205	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	230	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	200	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	195	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	310	...	...	65	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	330	...	...	80	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	305	...	...	90	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	290	...	...	75	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	265	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,335	...	...	570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	535	...	...	160	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	320	...	...	110	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	310	...	...	150	...	...
$200,000 and over	165	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	270	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	245	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	230	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	210	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	240	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...	45	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	420	...	...	100	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	390	...	...	115	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	380	...	...	105	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	315	...	...	105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	275	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 and over	880	...	...	445	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	420	...	...	170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	230	...	...	100	...	...
$150,000 and over	230	...	...	175	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,910	...	...	920	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,460	...	...	110,763	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,023	...	...	93,355	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,225	...	...	520	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,459	...	...	98,219	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,875	...	...	83,392	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,035	...	...	320	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,084	...	...	140,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,928	...	...	120,960	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	555	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,877	...	...	78,080	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,440	...	...	67,328	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,895	...	...	930	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,673	...	...	130,575	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,317	...	...	107,185	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,225	...	...	525	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,556	...	...	118,636	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,187	...	...	98,183	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,045	...	...	325	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	117,639	...	...	158,626	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,158	...	...	128,436	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	535	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,707	...	...	89,872	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,152	...	...	75,597	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,990	1,040	955	305	180	120
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,653	39,296	28,256	48,640	52,864	43,392
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,712	35,008	26,022	41,728	45,312	36,224
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,980	1,005	975	305	165	135
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,624	51,647	33,284	54,214	56,914	50,899
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,586	43,106	29,837	45,268	47,463	42,574
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	10,325	5,150	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,365
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,330	2,495	2,835	800	410	385
In the bottom decile	1,165	520	640	75	40	35
In the second decile	1,140	520	615	120	65	55
In the third decile	1,045	480	560	165	85	80
In the fourth decile	1,010	490	520	205	105	105
In the fifth decile	970	480	495	235	125	110
In the top half of the distribution	4,995	2,655	2,340	1,980	1,005	975
In the sixth decile	1,035	515	520	255	120	135
In the seventh decile	1,130	605	525	325	165	160
In the eighth decile	1,025	545	480	365	185	185
In the ninth decile	1,080	605	480	470	235	235
In the top decile	720	390	330	565	295	270
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	10,320	5,150	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,370
0 to 17 years	2,145	1,125	1,020	400	200	205
0 to 5 years	725	395	325	135	75	60
18 to 64 years	6,465	3,225	3,240	1,720	865	860
65 years and over	1,705	800	910	660	355	305
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,625	720	910	125	60	60
0 to 17 years	450	230	220	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	175	100	75	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	915	390	525	70	35	35
65 years and over	260	95	165	40	25	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	14.0	17.6	4.5	4.2	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.0	20.4	21.6	3.8	2.5	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	24.1	25.3	23.1	3.7	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	14.2	12.1	16.2	4.1	4.0	4.1
65 years and over (%)	15.2	11.9	18.1	6.1	7.0	4.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	715	325	395	30	15	15
0 to 17 years	185	85	100	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	60	35	25	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	505	225	280	25	20	10
65 years and over	25	10	15	0	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.3	7.6	1.1	1.1	1.1
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	7.6	9.8	1.3	0.0	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.9	7.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.0	8.6	1.5	2.3	1.2
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.6	0.0	0.0	1.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	10,325	5,150	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,365
Official languages	10,270	5,140	5,130	2,780	1,415	1,360
English	10,270	5,140	5,135	2,760	1,405	1,355
French	355	160	195	310	145	170
Non-official languages	1,350	600	745	235	115	120
Aboriginal languages	260	115	140	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	215	80	130	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	210	85	130	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	200	80	120	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	45	35	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	40	35	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,090	485	605	235	115	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	20	60	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	15	55	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	845	410	440	155	85	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	65	50	35	0	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	65	50	35	10	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	20	20	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	10	20	0	20
Russian	35	10	30	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	245	95	150	65	45	20
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	25	10	15	20	15	10
Dutch	40	20	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	165	65	100	40	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	185	160	0	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	340	185	160	0	0	0
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	55	35	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	165	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	25	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	70	85	60	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	55	30	20	35	20	15
Portuguese	35	15	20	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	75	30	45	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	25	60	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	15	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Cantonese	20	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	15	0	75	35	40
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0	70	30	45
Hungarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	10,320	5,145	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,365
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	9,950	5,005	4,945	2,740	1,390	1,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,115	1,120	990	405	205	200
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,835	3,885	3,950	2,335	1,190	1,150
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	375	145	230	40	30	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	10,325	5,150	5,175	2,785	1,415	1,370
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,240	4,665	4,575	2,560	1,295	1,270
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,000	445	550	215	120	90
Before 1981	475	250	225	170	100	75
1981 to 1990	115	35	85	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	105	45	65	10	10	10
2001 to 2010	100	45	55	15	10	0
2001 to 2005	60	25	30	10	10	10
2006 to 2010	45	20	25	0	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	200	80	120	10	10	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	85	30	45	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	995	445	550	215	120	95
Under 5 years	85	45	40	70	30	35
5 to 14 years	215	90	125	40	25	15
15 to 24 years	330	135	195	55	35	20
25 to 44 years	285	130	160	55	20	30
45 years and over	85	45	40	0	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,000	450	555	215	120	95
Americas	165	70	100	30	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	130	55	75	30	15	15
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	375	185	190	180	105	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	20	10	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	65	35	35	25	10	15
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	10	10	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Italy	15	10	0	30	15	15
Netherlands	30	10	15	10	0	0
Poland	15	10	10	0	0	0
Portugal	30	15	20	0	10	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	110	55	55	25	20	10
Other places of birth in Europe	40	10	30	85	45	40
Africa	40	20	20	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	395	170	230	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	0	0	0
India	220	95	125	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	75	20	55	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	205	85	120	10	0	0
Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	20	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	130	45	90	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	0	20	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	75	20	50	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	10,320	5,150	5,170	2,785	1,415	1,365
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,125	505	615	225	125	95
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,635	800	835	575	265	300
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,565	3,840	3,720	1,985	1,020	965
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	540	205	340	45	25	30
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	310	130	180	10	10	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	120	60	55	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	195	70	120	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	220	70	150	20	10	15
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	10	0	10	10	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	10,325	5,150	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,365
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,045	935	1,110	135	55	80
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,035	930	1,100	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,595	720	875	55	20	35
Métis	430	210	220	80	40	45
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	8,280	4,215	4,065	2,650	1,360	1,285
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	10,325	5,150	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,365
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,355	595	755	50	15	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,975	4,550	4,420	2,730	1,400	1,335
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	10,325	5,150	5,175	2,785	1,415	1,370
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	815	375	435	30	15	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	820	380	440	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	760	355	400	25	15	10
Métis single ancestry	60	20	40	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,335	640	695	140	55	85
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,250	620	635	135	60	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	490	485	45	10	25
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	125	145	90	45	50
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	85	20	65	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	25	60	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	8,170	4,130	4,040	2,605	1,345	1,265
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	10,325	5,150	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,370
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	745	340	410	15	10	10
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	405	220	185	0	0	0
Chinese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Black	40	0	30	0	0	0
Filipino	80	25	60	0	0	0
Latin American	10	0	15	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	20	20	0	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	20	45	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	10	0	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	55	25	30	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,575	4,810	4,765	2,765	1,405	1,360
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	10,320	5,150	5,175	2,780	1,415	1,365
North American Aboriginal origins	2,155	1,015	1,135	170	70	100
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,825	870	950	75	25	50
Inuit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	415	170	245	105	40	65
Other North American origins	3,050	1,580	1,465	675	370	310
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	210	110	100	25	15	0
Canadian	2,910	1,510	1,405	655	360	300
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	7,245	3,625	3,620	2,530	1,275	1,260
British Isles origins	4,960	2,530	2,425	1,500	730	775
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	2,920	1,480	1,445	975	435	535
Irish	1,770	925	855	570	270	300
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	2,330	1,120	1,215	705	320	390
Welsh	270	140	130	25	20	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	185	95	85	40	35	0
French origins	1,370	580	795	545	265	285
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,370	580	790	545	265	285
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,450	1,220	1,230	470	230	240
Austrian	90	35	55	25	15	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	55	20	40	15	0	15
Dutch	520	260	260	90	45	50
Flemish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,850	950	895	365	175	195
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	65	20	45	25	10	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	980	510	470	660	350	315
Danish	95	55	35	80	60	15
Finnish	80	50	30	375	200	180
Icelandic	65	30	35	30	20	10
Norwegian	440	210	230	105	45	60
Swedish	370	195	180	150	70	80
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	25	20	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	1,475	695	775	610	295	315
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	35	10	25	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Estonian	20	15	0	10	10	10
Hungarian	125	60	60	25	15	10
Latvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	340	155	185	185	80	105
Romanian	150	70	80	15	0	10
Russian	290	120	175	25	15	15
Slovak	15	0	10	50	30	25
Ukrainian	710	360	350	380	190	190
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	470	225	250	385	210	175
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	25	20	10	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	0	15	20	20	0
Italian	280	145	135	320	180	140
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	50	25	25	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Spanish	80	25	55	15	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	65	45	20	10	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	20	20	0	0	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	75	40	35	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	50	20	25	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	50	15	30	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	20	10	20	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15	0	15	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	20	15	10	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10	0	15	0	0	0
Asian origins	730	330	400	20	20	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	35	10	30	10	10	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	10	0	10	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	25	0	25	10	10	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	405	210	195	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	375	190	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	15	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	285	110	175	15	0	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	55	20	35	10	0	0
Filipino	90	30	55	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	15	20	0	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	25	55	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	15	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	80	35	45	15	0	0
Australian	30	10	20	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	35	20	15	10	0	10
Fijian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	10	10	10
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Owner	2,780	...	...	1,150	...	...
Renter	1,730	...	...	45	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	4,505	...	...	1,200	...	...
Condominium	385	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	4,125	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	450	...	...	40	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,270	...	...	320	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,410	...	...	525	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,370	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	4,505	...	...	1,200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,180	...	...	195	...	...
5 rooms	740	...	...	205	...	...
6 rooms	590	...	...	205	...	...
7 rooms	540	...	...	180	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,460	...	...	410	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,470	...	...	1,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	35	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Suitable	4,360	...	...	1,180	...	...
Not suitable	145	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
1960 or before	360	...	...	290	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,440	...	...	370	...	...
1981 to 1990	630	...	...	135	...	...
1991 to 2000	570	...	...	205	...	...
2001 to 2005	175	...	...	60	...	...
2006 to 2010	195	...	...	75	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	130	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,275	...	...	1,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	230	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,845	...	...	655	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,545	...	...	525	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	115	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	4,505	...	...	1,195	...	...
15 to 24 years	275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	615	...	...	75	...	...
35 to 44 years	770	...	...	145	...	...
45 to 54 years	770	...	...	185	...	...
55 to 64 years	915	...	...	370	...	...
65 to 74 years	660	...	...	260	...	...
75 to 84 years	395	...	...	110	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	4,495	...	...	1,195	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,695	...	...	1,055	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	805	...	...	140	...	...
30% to less than 100%	715	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,775	...	...	1,150	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.5	...	...	46.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	7.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	752	...	...	794	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	930	...	...	1,089	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	224,793	...	...	348,325	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	242,376	...	...	412,896	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,725	...	...	45	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	35.4	...	...	55.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	812	...	...	732	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	856	...	...	1,032	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	8,525	4,200	4,325	2,470	1,260	1,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,135	1,140	1,000	365	180	180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,945	1,350	1,595	475	240	235
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,440	1,715	1,725	1,630	835	795
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	915	695	215	290	250	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	410	230	185	80	70	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	500	470	30	210	180	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,300	485	815	675	295	380
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	100	200	80	40	40
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	930	435	500	590	255	335
Bachelor's degree	615	285	335	410	155	250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	55	20	35	30	15	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	35	25	25	20	10
Master's degree	170	75	95	75	30	40
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35	15	15	50	30	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,420	2,655	2,770	1,540	770	770
No certificate, diploma or degree	935	495	440	110	70	40
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,975	920	1,055	265	150	115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,510	1,240	1,270	1,165	550	610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	635	490	140	180	145	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	260	145	120	45	30	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	370	345	25	135	110	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	925	345	575	485	195	290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	70	130	50	25	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	750	330	420	455	185	270
Bachelor's degree	485	220	265	310	125	185
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	15	30	30	15	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	35	20	15	0	10
Master's degree	150	55	95	60	25	40
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	10	0	40	25	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	8,520	4,200	4,320	2,475	1,265	1,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,080	2,485	2,595	840	425	415
Education	240	50	190	130	35	95
13. Education	240	50	190	130	35	95
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	70	35	35	45	35	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	10	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55	20	30	30	15	10
Humanities	130	55	75	80	35	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	30	15	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	20	15	25	20	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	0	20	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	255	85	175	135	40	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	10	55	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	65	30	35	15	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	15	0	10
42. Psychology	25	10	20	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	80	35	45	55	30	25
Business, management and public administration	580	145	435	360	120	240
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55	10	45	55	10	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	520	135	385	310	110	195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	80	45	35	45	20	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	15	10	15	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	20	10	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	70	45	25	10	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	40	20	0	0	0
25. Library science	10	0	0	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	865	840	25	410	385	25
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	0
14. Engineering	90	85	0	45	45	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	60	65	0	85	75	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	220	210	10	65	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	320	10	145	140	0
48. Precision production	155	160	0	55	55	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	230	170	50	65	40	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	15	35	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	160	20	50	35	20
Health and related fields	655	120	540	265	55	210
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	25	15	20	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	620	100	525	240	45	195
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	275	130	145	90	55	30
12. Personal and culinary services	180	30	145	30	10	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	25	25	0	25	15	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	65	65	0	40	35	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,425	2,655	2,770	1,540	770	765
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,910	1,415	1,495	375	220	160
Education	180	35	140	75	25	45
13. Education	180	40	140	75	25	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	30	25	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	25	20	15	10	0
Humanities	100	35	65	50	15	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	10	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0	0	0
54. History	15	10	10	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	210	65	145	110	25	80
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	45	0	45	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	50	15	40	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	10	0	10
42. Psychology	30	10	20	15	0	10
45. Social sciences	70	30	40	50	20	25
Business, management and public administration	390	95	290	240	65	175
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	40	10	30	40	10	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	345	85	260	205	65	140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	10	25	40	15	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	10	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	40	20	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	55	30	20	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	625	605	20	285	270	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	10	0
14. Engineering	80	70	0	35	35	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	50	50	0	60	50	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	145	145	0	55	55	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245	235	10	90	80	0
48. Precision production	105	105	0	40	40	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	125	45	50	40	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	40	10	25	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	110	20	40	35	10
Health and related fields	485	100	385	220	45	175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	25	10	15	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	450	75	375	195	30	165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	210	95	115	60	35	25
12. Personal and culinary services	140	30	115	25	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	20	25	0	15	10	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	25	25	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	8,520	4,200	4,325	2,470	1,260	1,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,080	2,485	2,595	840	425	415
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,440	1,715	1,725	1,630	835	800
Location of study inside Canada	3,150	1,580	1,565	1,555	795	760
Same as province or territory of residence	2,565	1,270	1,295	1,475	755	720
Different than province or territory of residence	585	310	275	80	40	45
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	290	135	160	75	40	40
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	75	40	30	40	20	20
Philippines	25	10	20	0	0	0
India	20	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	55	15	40	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	115	60	60	30	10	20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,425	2,655	2,765	1,535	770	770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,910	1,420	1,495	375	220	160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,510	1,240	1,270	1,165	550	610
Location of study inside Canada	2,285	1,145	1,135	1,125	530	595
Same as province or territory of residence	1,900	950	950	1,065	500	565
Different than province or territory of residence	385	195	185	55	30	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	225	90	135	40	20	20
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	55	25	30	25	10	20
Philippines	25	10	20	0	0	0
India	20	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	30	10	25	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	95	45	50	15	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	8,520	4,200	4,320	2,470	1,260	1,210
In the labour force	5,560	3,025	2,530	1,420	745	680
Employed	5,135	2,740	2,395	1,330	685	645
Unemployed	420	290	135	90	55	35
Not in the labour force	2,965	1,170	1,790	1,050	520	530
Participation rate	65.3	72.0	58.6	57.5	59.1	56.2
Employment rate	60.3	65.2	55.4	53.8	54.4	53.3
Unemployment rate	7.6	9.6	5.3	6.3	7.4	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	8,520	4,200	4,320	2,470	1,260	1,210
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,730	1,075	1,650	865	405	460
Worked	5,790	3,125	2,670	1,600	855	750
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,700	1,620	1,080	790	435	355
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,090	1,500	1,590	815	420	395
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.1	41.1	40.8	40.0	41.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	5,555	3,025	2,530	1,420	740	680
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	100	60	45	0	10	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	5,455	2,970	2,480	1,415	740	680
Employee	4,960	2,680	2,285	1,225	620	600
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	500	295	200	190	115	70
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	5,555	3,025	2,530	1,420	740	680
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	100	60	40	10	0	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	5,455	2,970	2,485	1,410	740	675
0 Management occupations	495	260	235	205	120	85
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	600	130	470	220	55	165
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	265	210	55	85	65	10
3 Health occupations	335	55	280	140	20	120
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	530	165	365	210	75	135
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70	30	45	45	10	35
6 Sales and service occupations	1,315	425	890	200	80	115
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,090	1,055	35	260	245	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	345	295	50	30	25	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	415	355	55	30	30	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	5,555	3,025	2,530	1,420	740	680
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	100	60	45	0	10	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	5,455	2,970	2,485	1,410	735	675
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320	255	60	30	25	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	320	30	45	35	10
22 Utilities	25	15	10	15	10	0
23 Construction	315	280	35	175	140	30
31-33 Manufacturing	635	540	95	75	65	15
41 Wholesale trade	140	120	20	45	40	10
44-45 Retail trade	730	315	420	135	60	75
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	255	210	45	80	60	20
51 Information and cultural industries	50	25	25	15	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	130	40	90	30	10	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	80	45	35	35	20	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	255	115	140	55	25	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	190	85	100	20	15	0
61 Educational services	280	110	165	170	60	115
62 Health care and social assistance	625	95	525	230	30	200
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	65	15	55	25	10	15
72 Accommodation and food services	480	145	340	95	50	50
81 Other services (except public administration)	225	105	115	50	20	25
91 Public administration	290	125	165	90	55	30
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,140	2,740	2,395	1,330	685	645
Worked at home	220	95	120	45	20	30
Worked outside Canada	10	15	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	600	460	140	160	115	45
Worked at usual place	4,300	2,170	2,135	1,125	550	570
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	4,300	2,175	2,130	1,125	550	570
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,710	1,715	1,995	60	30	30
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	490	390	105	1,010	485	525
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	90	55	35	50	30	15
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	10	10	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	4,905	2,635	2,270	1,280	665	620
Car, truck, van - as a driver	3,800	2,020	1,780	1,175	610	565
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	340	185	155	60	20	35
Public transit	275	195	85	0	0	0
Walked	335	135	200	0	0	0
Bicycle	85	60	20	0	0	0
Other method	70	40	25	40	30	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	4,905	2,635	2,270	1,280	665	620
Less than 15 minutes	3,475	1,665	1,810	180	110	70
15 to 29 minutes	760	425	335	585	285	300
30 to 44 minutes	140	80	65	365	175	190
45 to 59 minutes	195	180	15	65	30	35
60 minutes and over	335	275	60	85	60	25
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	4,905	2,635	2,270	1,285	665	620
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	490	415	70	70	55	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	650	430	220	185	115	70
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,205	675	525	485	270	215
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,185	445	740	295	85	210
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	500	135	370	115	50	65
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	875	530	345	135	90	45
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	6,025	3,205	2,820	1,650	865	780
Single responses	5,995	3,200	2,800	1,650	865	780
Official languages	5,985	3,200	2,790	1,645	870	780
English	5,980	3,195	2,780	1,630	860	765
French	10	10	0	15	10	0
Non-official languages	15	10	10	10	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	0	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	0	0	0
English and French	15	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	6,025	3,210	2,815	1,650	870	780
None	5,985	3,205	2,785	1,580	835	745
English	0	0	0	20	10	10
French	10	0	10	35	15	20
Non-official language	30	0	25	10	10	0
Aboriginal	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20	10	15	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	10,215	5,110	5,105	2,765	1,415	1,350
Non-movers	8,320	4,220	4,095	2,475	1,260	1,215
Movers	1,895	890	1,010	295	155	135
Non-migrants	1,180	575	605	85	50	40
Migrants	720	320	405	210	110	100
Internal migrants	655	295	355	210	105	100
Intraprovincial migrants	545	235	310	180	95	80
Interprovincial migrants	105	60	45	25	10	15
External migrants	65	20	45	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	9,775	4,820	4,955	2,680	1,375	1,310
Non-movers	5,380	2,675	2,705	2,015	1,020	990
Movers	4,395	2,145	2,245	670	350	320
Non-migrants	2,545	1,275	1,265	215	105	105
Migrants	1,850	865	980	455	240	210
Internal migrants	1,635	780	855	455	245	215
Intraprovincial migrants	1,270	605	665	430	230	200
Interprovincial migrants	365	175	190	25	15	10
External migrants	220	95	125	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Williams Lake, CY [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Shuniah, MU [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Shuniah, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Williams Lake, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Shuniah, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Shuniah, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario