Census Profile, 2016 Census
Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Thunder Bay Ontario [Census metropolitan area]			Montcalm, RM Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area], Ontario Map : Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	121,621	...	...	1,260	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	121,596	...	...	1,309	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.0	...	...	-3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	57,146	...	...	527	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	52,545	...	...	491	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	47.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,556.81	...	...	468.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	121,620	59,690	61,930	1,260	645	610
0 to 14 years	17,755	9,140	8,615	220	120	100
0 to 4 years	5,730	3,005	2,720	75	50	25
5 to 9 years	6,005	3,080	2,925	80	35	50
10 to 14 years	6,025	3,055	2,970	60	35	25
15 to 64 years	79,845	39,710	40,130	855	430	425
15 to 19 years	6,685	3,405	3,275	80	40	45
20 to 24 years	8,245	4,235	4,010	75	35	40
25 to 29 years	7,770	3,930	3,840	85	40	40
30 to 34 years	7,020	3,530	3,490	75	35	35
35 to 39 years	6,760	3,315	3,445	75	40	35
40 to 44 years	6,895	3,365	3,535	60	30	30
45 to 49 years	7,885	3,820	4,065	90	40	50
50 to 54 years	9,475	4,680	4,795	120	60	55
55 to 59 years	10,140	4,975	5,165	115	60	50
60 to 64 years	8,975	4,460	4,515	85	40	40
65 years and over	24,020	10,840	13,180	185	100	90
65 to 69 years	7,780	3,820	3,960	75	45	30
70 to 74 years	5,345	2,525	2,820	45	25	25
75 to 79 years	4,130	1,885	2,245	25	10	10
80 to 84 years	3,170	1,375	1,795	20	10	10
85 years and over	3,600	1,240	2,360	20	5	15
85 to 89 years	2,180	845	1,335	15	5	10
90 to 94 years	1,110	345	765	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	280	55	225	5	0	5
100 years and over	35	0	35	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.3	13.9	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.7	66.5	64.8	67.9	66.7	69.7
65 years and over	19.8	18.2	21.3	14.7	15.5	14.8
85 years and over	3.0	2.1	3.8	1.6	0.8	2.5
Average age of the population	43.2	42.1	44.3	40.3	40.1	40.5
Median age of the population	44.8	43.4	45.9	42.1	42.7	41.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
Single-detached house	36,240	...	...	445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,555	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	13,330	...	...	40	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,045	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	1,390	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,380	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,395	...	...	40	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	415	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
1 person	16,730	...	...	120	...	...
2 persons	18,880	...	...	220	...	...
3 persons	7,670	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	6,265	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	3,010	...	...	40	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,880	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	103,865	50,550	53,315	1,040	525	515
Married or living common law	56,750	28,345	28,400	700	350	350
Married	45,720	22,865	22,855	615	305	305
Living common law	11,030	5,485	5,550	85	45	45
Not married and not living common law	47,115	22,205	24,915	340	175	165
Never married	29,535	16,290	13,250	240	135	105
Separated	3,595	1,570	2,025	20	10	10
Divorced	6,430	2,810	3,620	40	25	15
Widowed	7,550	1,530	6,025	45	15	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	34,390	...	...	365	...	...
2 persons	19,090	...	...	220	...	...
3 persons	7,250	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	5,800	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	2,255	...	...	35	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	34,395	...	...	365	...	...
Total couple families	27,855	...	...	330	...	...
Married couples	22,340	...	...	285	...	...
Common-law couples	5,510	...	...	45	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,540	...	...	35	...	...
Female parent	5,040	...	...	30	...	...
Male parent	1,500	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	27,850	...	...	330	...	...
Couples without children	15,010	...	...	195	...	...
Couples with children	12,845	...	...	135	...	...
1 child	5,495	...	...	50	...	...
2 children	5,295	...	...	55	...	...
3 or more children	2,055	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,545	...	...	35	...	...
1 child	4,080	...	...	25	...	...
2 children	1,760	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	705	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,720	11,525	12,190	155	100	50
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
One-census-family households	33,115	...	...	355	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,525	...	...	195	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	18,595	...	...	165	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	635	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	18,795	...	...	130	...	...
One-person households	16,735	...	...	125	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,065	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	119,885	58,920	60,965	1,260	645	610
English only	110,205	54,695	55,515	635	320	320
French only	100	60	40	5	0	5
English and French	9,120	4,005	5,115	610	320	290
Neither English nor French	455	160	295	10	5	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	119,885	58,920	60,965	1,260	645	615
English	116,870	57,535	59,340	795	385	410
French	2,460	1,185	1,275	455	255	200
English and French	120	55	65	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	435	145	290	5	5	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,525	1,215	1,305	460	255	200
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.1	2.1	2.1	36.5	39.5	32.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	119,885	58,920	60,965	1,260	650	615
Single responses	118,325	58,185	60,140	1,235	635	600
Official languages	105,345	52,165	53,180	1,035	535	505
English	102,665	50,875	51,785	580	275	310
French	2,680	1,285	1,395	455	255	200
Non-official languages	12,985	6,020	6,960	195	100	95
Aboriginal languages	1,225	495	735	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	1,210	485	725	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	95	30	60	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	5	20	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,115	450	660	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	700	290	410	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	410	160	250	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,760	5,535	6,230	190	95	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	170	115	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	280	165	115	0	0	0
Amharic	10	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	260	150	105	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	50	75	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	125	50	80	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	245	80	165	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	65	130	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	165	90	80	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	115	55	65	0	0	0
Tamil	30	25	10	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,890	3,755	4,135	185	95	90
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,280	970	1,310	10	5	5
Baltic languages	25	5	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,255	960	1,295	10	5	5
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	270	135	140	0	0	0
Czech	45	25	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	890	370	520	0	0	0
Russian	100	40	55	10	5	0
Serbian	35	15	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	160	70	90	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	40	0	0	0
Ukrainian	635	245	385	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,180	555	625	170	90	85
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	55	30	30	0	0	0
Dutch	345	170	180	5	0	0
Frisian	10	5	10	0	0	0
German	690	320	370	170	85	80
Icelandic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	45	15	25	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	135	65	65	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	595	335	260	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	470	265	200	0	0	0
Bengali	70	45	25	0	0	0
Gujarati	90	55	35	0	0	0
Hindi	95	55	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	95	50	45	0	0	0
Iranian languages	120	65	55	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	115	60	55	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,690	1,825	1,865	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,905	1,440	1,465	0	0	0
Portuguese	405	200	200	5	0	0
Romanian	45	25	25	0	0	0
Spanish	330	155	170	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	5	25	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	25	10	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	780	385	395	0	0	0
Chinese languages	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cantonese	180	70	105	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	315	165	150	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	5	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	235	125	115	0	0	0
Burmese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	205	105	100	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,985	865	1,125	0	0	5
Estonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Finnish	1,815	770	1,045	0	0	0
Hungarian	140	75	65	0	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,560	735	820	25	15	10
English and French	325	155	170	20	10	10
English and non-official language	1,185	560	630	5	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	15	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	25	10	15	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	119,885	58,920	60,965	1,260	650	610
Single responses	117,620	57,890	59,730	1,240	640	600
Official languages	113,915	56,155	57,755	1,110	570	540
English	113,080	55,760	57,325	825	425	400
French	830	395	435	280	140	145
Non-official languages	3,705	1,735	1,970	130	70	60
Aboriginal languages	315	140	175	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	310	140	175	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	5	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	135	150	0	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	185	90	95	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	105	45	60	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,390	1,595	1,800	130	70	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	85	55	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	85	60	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	140	85	55	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	35	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70	30	40	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	30	40	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	35	40	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	25	30	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,960	895	1,065	125	65	60
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	445	185	265	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	445	180	265	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	70	25	40	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	220	95	130	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	120	65	55
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	5	0	0	0	0
German	45	20	25	125	65	55
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	180	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	270	145	125	0	0	0
Bengali	45	25	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hindi	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	70	30	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,070	485	585	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	805	355	445	0	0	0
Portuguese	125	55	70	0	0	0
Romanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	120	60	60	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	35	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	475	245	230	0	0	0
Chinese languages	305	160	150	0	0	0
Cantonese	80	40	40	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	195	105	90	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	165	85	80	0	0	0
Burmese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	460	200	260	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	445	190	250	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,265	1,025	1,235	25	10	15
English and French	210	110	105	20	10	10
English and non-official language	2,025	910	1,115	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	15	20	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	119,885	58,920	60,965	1,260	650	615
None	111,315	54,990	56,325	780	400	375
English	2,150	1,040	1,115	260	130	130
French	1,760	785	980	180	95	85
Non-official language	4,545	2,065	2,480	40	15	20
Aboriginal	785	315	465	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,765	1,745	2,020	40	20	20
English and French	5	5	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	15	15	5	0	5
French and non-official language	75	25	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	101,145	49,380	51,760	975	500	475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	98,150	47,945	50,200	930	485	445
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,378	43,311	30,968	36,907	43,563	30,848
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	98,180	47,945	50,235	935	485	450
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,913	38,484	28,372	32,416	37,723	27,776
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,905	43,650	44,255	890	475	420
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,877	41,046	27,707	34,176	41,387	27,824
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	72,475	33,465	39,010	610	280	330
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,518	7,601	7,468	5,204	4,624	5,496
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,270	35,785	34,490	770	420	345
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,572	40,488	30,326	31,936	39,936	26,304
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	101,140	49,450	51,685	965	470	490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	98,095	47,960	50,135	920	460	455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,168	52,692	37,969	41,204	49,542	32,784
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	98,120	47,960	50,165	920	460	460
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,144	43,704	32,828	34,877	40,901	28,794
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,790	43,610	44,175	850	450	405
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,271	51,384	35,262	38,454	45,102	31,031
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	72,460	33,455	39,000	580	265	315
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,721	8,554	8,865	8,649	9,706	7,771
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,270	35,770	34,500	745	400	345
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,767	49,459	35,829	35,957	41,942	29,039
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	101,140	49,450	51,690	965	475	495
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	31,210	16,950	14,260	355	225	125
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,751	60,922	48,753	43,078	45,814	39,524
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,642	69,755	54,185	47,504	50,485	42,220
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.8	88.6	82.1	89.0	91.4	84.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.8	69.9	65.0	71.0	75.0	65.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.2	11.4	17.9	11.2	8.3	15.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	101,140	49,380	51,760	975	500	475
Without total income	3,000	1,435	1,560	45	15	25
With total income	98,150	47,945	50,200	935	485	450
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.1	97.0	95.9	97.0	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,375	5,015	6,360	105	35	70
$10,000 to $19,999	15,950	6,130	9,815	125	50	70
$20,000 to $29,999	13,815	5,605	8,210	140	60	75
$30,000 to $39,999	12,145	5,435	6,715	130	55	75
$40,000 to $49,999	10,995	5,250	5,745	135	85	55
$50,000 to $59,999	9,040	4,785	4,255	95	55	40
$60,000 to $69,999	6,595	3,945	2,655	65	40	20
$70,000 to $79,999	4,865	2,930	1,935	55	45	10
$80,000 to $89,999	3,620	2,200	1,420	30	20	5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	1,815	1,210	25	20	5
$100,000 and over	6,715	4,830	1,885	35	25	10
$100,000 to $149,999	4,945	3,520	1,420	20	10	10
$150,000 and over	1,775	1,305	465	15	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	101,145	49,380	51,760	975	500	475
Without after-tax income	2,965	1,440	1,530	45	20	25
With after-tax income	98,180	47,945	50,235	930	480	450
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.1	97.1	95.4	96.0	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,815	5,085	6,735	110	40	70
$10,000 to $19,999	16,780	6,495	10,290	135	60	80
$20,000 to $29,999	16,095	6,660	9,440	180	75	100
$30,000 to $39,999	14,655	6,800	7,855	170	90	80
$40,000 to $49,999	12,830	6,545	6,285	130	75	50
$50,000 to $59,999	8,715	5,145	3,570	85	60	25
$60,000 to $69,999	6,010	3,685	2,325	65	40	20
$70,000 to $79,999	4,370	2,655	1,715	25	20	5
$80,000 and over	6,900	4,880	2,025	35	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	2,760	1,820	945	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,285	940	345	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	2,850	2,120	735	20	15	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	101,140	49,385	51,760	975	500	475
Without employment income	30,870	13,595	17,270	205	75	130
With employment income	70,270	35,785	34,485	765	420	345
Percentage with employment income	69.5	72.5	66.6	78.5	84.0	72.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,260	5,175	5,085	90	50	45
$5,000 to $9,999	5,255	2,330	2,920	75	40	35
$10,000 to $19,999	8,890	3,875	5,015	95	40	55
$20,000 to $29,999	7,415	3,330	4,085	95	40	60
$30,000 to $39,999	7,060	3,050	4,010	100	45	55
$40,000 to $49,999	7,060	3,065	3,995	95	55	35
$50,000 to $59,999	6,085	3,195	2,890	75	45	25
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420	2,645	1,775	40	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	2,140	1,385	45	35	10
$80,000 and over	10,295	6,980	3,320	60	50	15
$80,000 to $89,999	2,815	1,715	1,105	25	25	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,510	1,045	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	4,930	3,760	1,170	25	20	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	52,545	...	...	495	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,476	...	...	71,595	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	60,536	...	...	62,656	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,735	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,282	...	...	38,784	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,850	...	...	33,408	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	35,810	...	...	370	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,927	...	...	85,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,486	...	...	71,424	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	84,321	...	...	77,043	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,232	...	...	65,213	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,720	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,190	...	...	48,966	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,880	...	...	39,510	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	35,820	...	...	400	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,521	...	...	83,356	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,267	...	...	70,992	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
Under $5,000	550	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	790	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,825	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,080	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,430	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,005	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,220	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,415	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,260	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,200	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,260	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,800	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	...	...	40	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,135	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,220	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,755	...	...	60	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,785	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,080	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,610	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
Under $5,000	590	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	795	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,865	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,170	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,310	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,665	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,780	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,735	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,655	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,750	...	...	50	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,405	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	...	...	50	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,470	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,950	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,760	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,250	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,030	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,480	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	34,305	...	...	365	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,578	...	...	85,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,882	...	...	71,424	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	14,220	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,552	...	...	81,237	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,173	...	...	68,864	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,985	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	121,993	...	...	91,819	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,448	...	...	79,616	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,155	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,365	...	...	55,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,385	...	...	49,536	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	34,365	...	...	385	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,411	...	...	83,351	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,866	...	...	70,946	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	14,265	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,585	...	...	77,967	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,441	...	...	67,142	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	13,065	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,705	...	...	100,954	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,926	...	...	84,215	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,095	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,827	...	...	53,628	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,667	...	...	47,783	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	21,235	10,365	10,875	140	95	45
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,004	34,130	30,385	35,520	41,792	31,296
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,323	30,742	28,199	32,032	35,456	28,864
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	21,025	10,240	10,785	125	80	40
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,056	43,285	36,991	44,343	39,683	53,481
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,389	36,494	32,390	36,312	32,228	44,318
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	118,880	58,515	60,360	1,160	595	560
In the bottom half of the distribution	55,045	26,150	28,900	635	330	305
In the bottom decile	12,000	5,930	6,075	75	40	35
In the second decile	10,235	4,475	5,765	110	50	60
In the third decile	10,285	4,790	5,500	150	75	80
In the fourth decile	10,850	5,150	5,695	155	80	75
In the fifth decile	11,665	5,805	5,860	140	85	55
In the top half of the distribution	63,835	32,365	31,465	525	270	255
In the sixth decile	12,545	6,160	6,385	125	70	60
In the seventh decile	12,665	6,380	6,285	120	60	60
In the eighth decile	13,760	6,990	6,770	110	60	50
In the ninth decile	13,870	7,170	6,700	115	60	55
In the top decile	11,000	5,665	5,335	50	20	30
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	117,900	58,015	59,880	1,160	600	565
0 to 17 years	21,380	10,985	10,395	230	120	110
0 to 5 years	6,875	3,580	3,290	85	50	30
18 to 64 years	74,445	36,835	37,610	755	385	375
65 years and over	22,070	10,195	11,875	175	95	75
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,235	7,540	8,695	130	65	65
0 to 17 years	4,250	2,210	2,040	35	15	20
0 to 5 years	1,630	865	770	15	15	5
18 to 64 years	9,705	4,580	5,125	70	35	35
65 years and over	2,280	750	1,530	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.8	13.0	14.5	11.2	10.8	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	19.9	20.1	19.6	15.2	12.5	18.2
0 to 5 years (%)	23.7	24.2	23.4	17.6	30.0	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.4	13.6	9.3	9.1	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.3	7.4	12.9	14.3	10.5	20.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,330	4,705	4,620	55	35	25
0 to 17 years	2,215	1,180	1,035	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	915	490	430	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	6,710	3,380	3,325	30	20	15
65 years and over	400	145	260	10	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	8.1	7.7	4.7	5.8	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.4	10.7	10.0	6.5	8.3	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.7	13.1	11.8	10.0	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	9.2	8.8	4.0	5.2	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.4	2.2	5.7	5.3	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	118,880	58,515	60,365	1,160	585	580
Official languages	118,445	58,350	60,100	1,145	570	575
English	118,360	58,285	60,080	1,125	555	570
French	9,150	4,045	5,105	625	290	330
Non-official languages	16,210	7,675	8,540	155	90	65
Aboriginal languages	1,715	755	950	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,710	760	955	0	0	0
Blackfoot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	130	40	90	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	115	30	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,605	720	880	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	955	440	515	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	655	290	370	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,515	6,930	7,590	155	95	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	445	255	190	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	425	240	190	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	395	215	180	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	30	85	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	30	80	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	275	100	175	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	40	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	75	155	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	75	60	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	50	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	125	60	70	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tamil	40	20	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,900	4,815	5,090	115	75	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,455	1,095	1,360	20	10	10
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,435	1,095	1,340	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	315	175	140	0	0	0
Czech	75	35	40	0	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,110	500	615	0	0	0
Russian	150	55	90	15	10	10
Serbian	85	35	55	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slovak	185	80	100	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	90	40	55	0	0	0
Ukrainian	595	230	360	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,360	640	720	105	70	35
Afrikaans	25	20	10	0	0	0
Danish	65	25	40	0	10	0
Dutch	295	155	145	0	0	0
Frisian	25	0	20	0	0	0
German	910	415	490	85	55	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Swedish	60	15	40	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Greek	185	110	75	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	885	495	385	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	695	390	300	0	0	0
Bengali	190	110	75	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	40	25	0	0	0
Hindi	260	155	105	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	40	30	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	50	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	190	100	95	0	0	0
Iranian languages	195	115	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	180	100	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,130	2,515	2,615	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	3,800	1,885	1,910	0	0	0
Portuguese	475	225	250	0	0	0
Romanian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Spanish	925	430	495	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Japanese	60	30	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	165	75	90	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	175	105	70	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	165	75	90	0	0	0
American Sign Language	90	25	70	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	50	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	880	415	465	0	0	0
Chinese languages	575	275	300	0	0	0
Cantonese	230	100	130	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	330	180	155	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	300	140	165	0	0	0
Burmese	75	45	30	0	0	0
Karenic languages	275	130	150	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	20	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	25	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,335	1,010	1,325	0	0	0
Estonian	45	10	40	0	0	0
Finnish	2,125	905	1,225	0	0	0
Hungarian	165	95	75	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	118,880	58,515	60,365	1,160	585	575
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	116,330	57,250	59,080	1,115	555	560
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,665	11,100	10,560	235	110	130
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	94,665	46,150	48,520	880	450	435
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,550	1,265	1,285	45	30	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	118,875	58,515	60,365	1,160	580	575
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	107,500	52,925	54,575	1,030	515	515
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	10,490	5,120	5,370	110	60	55
Before 1981	6,855	3,220	3,635	30	20	10
1981 to 1990	885	460	430	0	0	10
1991 to 2000	880	450	430	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,170	630	545	65	35	35
2001 to 2005	530	310	215	30	15	15
2006 to 2010	645	320	325	40	20	20
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	695	365	330	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	890	470	420	25	15	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10,490	5,120	5,370	110	55	50
Under 5 years	1,730	850	880	25	15	10
5 to 14 years	2,220	1,080	1,140	30	10	25
15 to 24 years	2,855	1,395	1,455	10	0	0
25 to 44 years	3,340	1,655	1,685	45	20	25
45 years and over	340	140	200	10	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,490	5,120	5,370	115	60	55
Americas	1,215	530	685	15	10	10
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	55	25	25	0	0	0
El Salvador	25	20	10	0	0	0
Guyana	10	10	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	10	0	0	0
Mexico	50	10	40	0	0	0
Peru	20	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	840	355	485	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	75	70	10	0	10
Europe	7,175	3,475	3,695	55	30	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0	0	0
Croatia	185	110	75	0	0	0
France	80	30	50	0	0	0
Germany	630	315	315	30	20	15
Greece	80	40	40	0	0	0
Hungary	100	70	30	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	40	35	0	0	0
Italy	2,125	1,100	1,030	0	0	0
Netherlands	245	105	140	0	10	0
Poland	650	300	345	0	0	0
Portugal	250	130	120	0	0	0
Romania	30	15	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	25	30	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	65	30	35	0	0	0
Ukraine	95	40	55	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,105	530	580	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,400	600	795	10	10	0
Africa	280	185	95	10	0	0
Algeria	10	15	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	15	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	25	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	185	105	80	10	10	0
Asia	1,745	875	875	35	15	25
Afghanistan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	120	70	50	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	240	125	115	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	60	35	25	0	0	0
India	175	115	60	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	125	70	50	0	0	0
Iraq	20	10	15	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	10	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	15	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	115	50	65	0	0	0
Philippines	240	90	155	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	10	15	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	10
Viet Nam	85	35	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	450	230	220	25	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	80	55	25	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	695	365	330	10	10	0
Americas	145	65	85	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	40	55	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	0	0	0
Europe	75	40	35	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	20	0	0	0
Africa	55	25	20	10	10	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	10	0	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	20	0	0	0
Asia	405	215	190	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	30	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	65	50	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	40	30	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Philippines	40	10	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	50	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	118,880	58,515	60,365	1,160	585	580
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,725	5,795	5,930	130	75	60
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	22,695	11,080	11,615	110	60	50
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	84,460	41,645	42,820	915	450	465
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,795	1,975	1,825	85	40	45
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,520	830	685	50	35	20
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	655	470	185	20	20	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	860	355	505	35	15	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,390	645	745	10	0	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	860	495	375	25	10	15
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	118,875	58,515	60,365	1,160	585	580
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,070	7,125	7,945	200	75	125
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,810	6,970	7,840	200	70	125
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	11,340	5,330	6,015	30	25	10
Métis	3,440	1,630	1,810	140	35	100
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	15	30	15	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	90	30	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	140	65	75	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	103,805	51,385	52,415	960	510	450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	118,880	58,515	60,365	1,160	580	575
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10,500	4,920	5,580	30	20	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,380	53,595	54,785	1,135	565	570
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	118,875	58,515	60,365	1,160	585	575
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,050	2,855	3,200	10	15	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,025	2,840	3,180	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,675	2,665	3,010	15	10	0
Métis single ancestry	335	175	160	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	25	15	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	15	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	9,615	4,595	5,020	225	75	150
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	9,310	4,475	4,835	225	75	150
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,415	3,095	3,325	65	30	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,845	1,355	1,485	125	25	100
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	25	30	15	15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	310	120	185	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	110	160	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	0	25	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	103,215	51,070	52,145	920	495	420
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	118,880	58,515	60,365	1,160	585	575
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	4,790	2,485	2,305	40	25	15
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	935	520	415	0	0	0
Chinese	755	360	390	0	0	0
Black	680	390	290	40	20	15
Filipino	360	155	215	0	0	0
Latin American	350	185	165	0	0	0
Arab	345	190	155	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	520	230	290	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	175	95	80	0	0	0
Korean	185	100	80	0	0	0
Japanese	250	145	110	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	35	20	20	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	200	100	100	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	114,090	56,030	58,060	1,120	560	560
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	118,880	58,515	60,365	1,160	585	575
North American Aboriginal origins	15,670	7,450	8,220	240	85	150
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,425	5,885	6,535	80	40	35
Inuit	100	35	60	30	15	15
Métis	3,475	1,655	1,820	125	25	100
Other North American origins	28,820	14,465	14,355	340	170	165
Acadian	130	50	80	0	0	0
American	1,290	595	695	10	0	10
Canadian	27,850	14,045	13,805	335	170	170
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	95	50	45	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Québécois	40	20	20	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	97,730	47,900	49,825	965	485	485
British Isles origins	56,135	27,100	29,035	315	165	150
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	32,825	15,805	17,025	155	70	80
Irish	22,115	10,455	11,655	110	55	55
Manx	30	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish	25,425	12,195	13,230	150	80	65
Welsh	2,235	1,090	1,145	10	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,205	1,125	1,080	15	0	15
French origins	19,420	9,395	10,025	540	235	300
Alsatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	15	10	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	19,405	9,385	10,015	535	235	300
Western European origins (except French origins)	18,450	9,060	9,390	345	180	165
Austrian	920	445	475	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	435	240	195	25	0	25
Dutch	4,820	2,375	2,440	80	35	40
Flemish	50	35	15	0	10	0
Frisian	30	10	25	0	0	0
German	13,015	6,345	6,670	250	145	105
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	455	205	250	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	21,570	10,260	11,305	20	0	15
Danish	1,325	670	650	15	0	15
Finnish	13,565	6,520	7,040	0	0	0
Icelandic	760	355	405	0	0	0
Norwegian	3,320	1,570	1,755	0	0	0
Swedish	5,360	2,400	2,960	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	310	190	125	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	26,215	12,710	13,505	180	70	115
Bulgarian	55	20	35	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Czech	315	180	130	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	285	125	160	0	0	10
Estonian	265	100	165	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,075	535	540	0	0	0
Latvian	235	125	105	0	0	0
Lithuanian	240	110	130	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	8,395	4,255	4,145	40	10	25
Romanian	520	175	340	0	0	0
Russian	1,390	720	675	50	10	40
Slovak	2,375	1,040	1,335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	16,085	7,755	8,325	90	50	35
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	20,245	10,185	10,055	0	0	0
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Catalan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,230	625	610	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	770	390	380	0	0	0
Italian	16,610	8,355	8,255	0	0	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,065	555	515	0	0	0
Serbian	185	90	95	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	330	165	165	0	0	0
Spanish	445	220	235	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	300	135	165	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	365	180	185	0	0	0
Basque	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	150	60	90	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	175	95	75	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	390	230	165	10	0	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	60	35	25	10	0	10
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	20	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	175	105	70	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	640	285	350	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	35	10	25	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	20	60	0	0	0
Chilean	65	30	30	0	0	0
Colombian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Costa Rican	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Guyanese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	10	0	0	0
Mexican	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	50	30	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	15	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	60	40	25	0	0	0
African origins	785	470	320	30	25	0
Central and West African origins	260	160	100	10	0	0
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	80	60	25	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	40	40	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	45	25	15	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	30	20	10	0	0	0
North African origins	105	70	35	25	20	10
Algerian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	20	0	30	20	10
Libyan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	150	95	50	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	10	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	0	0	0	0
South African	70	60	15	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	290	160	130	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	270	140	125	0	0	0
Asian origins	4,110	2,070	2,040	30	10	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	875	455	420	25	10	15
Afghan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	205	110	95	0	0	0
Armenian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	200	105	95	0	0	0
Iraqi	10	10	10	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	200	85	115	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	80	40	35	0	0	0
Syrian	45	30	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	15	20	10	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	30	10	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins	900	500	400	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	105	70	40	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	580	310	275	0	0	0
Goan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	25	15	0	0	0
Pakistani	80	50	30	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	65	30	35	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,380	1,120	1,260	10	0	10
Burmese	50	35	25	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese	930	460	465	0	0	10
Filipino	385	160	220	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Japanese	380	195	190	0	0	0
Karen	280	125	150	0	0	0
Korean	185	105	85	0	0	0
Laotian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	150	45	105	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	30	25	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	35	25	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	140	70	70	0	0	0
Australian	60	30	30	0	0	0
New Zealander	60	30	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	25	10	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	20	0	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
Owner	37,800	...	...	410	...	...
Renter	14,725	...	...	80	...	...
Band housing	25	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
Condominium	1,890	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	50,655	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	6,045	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,075	...	...	150	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,355	...	...	180	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,940	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	52,545	...	...	495	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,965	...	...	65	...	...
5 rooms	8,805	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	8,905	...	...	100	...	...
7 rooms	7,330	...	...	60	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,545	...	...	185	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,170	...	...	480	...	...
More than 1 person per room	375	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
Suitable	51,050	...	...	480	...	...
Not suitable	1,495	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	52,545	...	...	495	...	...
1960 or before	20,480	...	...	170	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,735	...	...	160	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,810	...	...	60	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,650	...	...	50	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,455	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,190	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,220	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	52,545	...	...	495	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	48,730	...	...	455	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,810	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
1 household maintainer	32,205	...	...	260	...	...
2 household maintainers	19,480	...	...	230	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	860	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	52,545	...	...	490	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,615	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,760	...	...	45	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,480	...	...	95	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,025	...	...	120	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,570	...	...	95	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,245	...	...	85	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,780	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	2,075	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	52,070	...	...	440	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,010	...	...	400	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,060	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,950	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,400	...	...	365	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.0	...	...	56.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.2	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	877	...	...	662	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,054	...	...	864	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	240,311	...	...	174,329	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	261,881	...	...	186,136	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,685	...	...	75	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	24.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	825	...	...	697	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	842	...	...	626	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	101,140	49,450	51,690	965	475	490
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,065	10,050	10,020	255	140	115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	26,500	12,775	13,730	290	125	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,575	26,635	27,940	420	210	210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,260	6,655	1,605	100	70	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,460	2,425	1,035	65	35	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,800	4,230	570	35	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	24,620	10,450	14,170	170	55	115
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,975	925	1,050	40	25	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	19,705	8,600	11,110	105	55	55
Bachelor's degree	14,085	5,830	8,255	75	30	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,295	550	745	10	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	585	335	245	0	0	0
Master's degree	3,010	1,425	1,585	20	15	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	740	460	285	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	64,090	31,505	32,580	675	330	340
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,515	4,110	3,400	95	70	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	15,960	7,960	8,000	240	100	135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,620	19,435	21,180	340	165	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,360	4,410	950	85	60	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,170	1,575	595	60	30	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,190	2,835	350	25	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,760	7,975	10,780	135	45	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,285	585	695	40	25	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,215	6,460	8,760	80	35	45
Bachelor's degree	10,795	4,420	6,380	55	15	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	970	400	565	0	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415	215	195	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,455	1,065	1,390	25	15	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	580	350	230	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	101,145	49,455	51,690	965	475	490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	46,565	22,820	23,745	540	265	280
Education	4,240	1,105	3,135	30	10	25
13. Education	4,235	1,105	3,130	35	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,335	750	590	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	255	75	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,000	490	515	10	0	10
Humanities	2,280	965	1,310	0	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	75	25	50	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	745	250	495	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	220	425	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	130	80	0	0	0
54. History	395	270	125	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	115	25	90	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,555	1,615	3,940	50	10	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	10	105	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	90	110	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	160	1,240	20	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	605	220	380	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	225	25	200	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,235	315	920	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,775	795	980	0	10	0
Business, management and public administration	9,935	3,335	6,600	45	30	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,985	385	1,600	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,930	2,950	4,975	45	30	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,855	1,055	805	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	860	435	415	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	130	145	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	30	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	610	435	175	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,145	655	490	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	840	570	265	10	0	10
25. Library science	205	20	185	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	55	40	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	12,655	11,965	685	100	95	10
04. Architecture and related services	305	215	95	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,535	1,345	190	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,835	2,575	255	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,665	2,650	15	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,405	3,355	50	20	20	0
48. Precision production	1,910	1,830	75	20	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,435	1,075	365	40	45	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	310	200	105	40	45	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,125	870	255	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10,335	1,885	8,450	105	0	105
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	815	400	415	20	10	20
51. Health professions and related programs	9,335	1,370	7,965	85	0	85
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	185	110	75	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,805	2,230	1,580	15	10	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,745	510	1,230	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	980	730	250	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,060	970	95	10	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	64,090	31,505	32,585	670	330	340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	23,475	12,070	11,400	330	165	160
Education	2,950	720	2,230	30	0	20
13. Education	2,950	715	2,230	25	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	985	540	450	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	160	80	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	745	375	365	0	0	10
Humanities	1,655	695	965	0	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	15	40	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	525	165	360	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	495	170	320	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	25	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	105	65	0	0	0
54. History	280	185	95	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	65	10	55	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,330	1,170	3,160	40	10	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	10	95	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	60	80	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,115	145	970	25	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	525	165	355	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	190	25	170	0	0	0
42. Psychology	935	215	725	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,315	550	760	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	7,790	2,580	5,205	45	30	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,645	315	1,330	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,130	2,270	3,860	40	30	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,400	795	610	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	690	365	325	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	85	110	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	20	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	455	315	145	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940	550	385	0	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	490	220	10	0	0
25. Library science	150	10	140	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	25	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,965	8,415	550	75	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	255	165	90	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,105	960	145	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,090	1,875	215	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,830	1,825	10	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,415	2,370	45	20	15	0
48. Precision production	1,270	1,220	45	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135	820	315	30	35	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	230	135	95	35	30	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	905	685	220	0	0	0
Health and related fields	7,595	1,450	6,145	90	10	90
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	600	280	320	15	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	6,845	1,090	5,760	75	0	80
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	140	75	65	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,875	1,705	1,170	10	10	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,245	365	875	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	765	550	215	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	850	780	75	0	10	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	101,140	49,455	51,685	965	475	490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,570	22,820	23,750	540	265	275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	54,575	26,630	27,940	425	205	215
Location of study inside Canada	51,335	24,945	26,395	380	180	200
Same as province or territory of residence	48,150	23,405	24,750	365	180	190
Different than province or territory of residence	3,185	1,540	1,645	10	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,240	1,690	1,550	40	30	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,150	600	555	0	0	0
Philippines	135	35	105	0	0	0
India	165	85	85	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	355	205	145	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	85	60	30	0	0	0
France	35	20	15	10	0	0
Other	1,315	700	615	35	20	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	64,090	31,505	32,585	670	330	340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,475	12,070	11,405	330	170	160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,615	19,440	21,185	340	160	180
Location of study inside Canada	38,680	18,475	20,200	300	135	165
Same as province or territory of residence	36,340	17,365	18,975	290	135	155
Different than province or territory of residence	2,335	1,110	1,230	15	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,940	960	980	40	30	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	655	305	355	0	0	0
Philippines	115	25	90	0	0	0
India	85	50	40	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	130	75	55	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	75	45	25	0	0	0
France	30	10	15	0	0	0
Other	850	450	400	30	20	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	101,140	49,450	51,690	965	475	490
In the labour force	61,690	31,490	30,205	650	365	280
Employed	56,945	28,585	28,365	635	365	275
Unemployed	4,745	2,905	1,840	15	0	10
Not in the labour force	39,450	17,965	21,490	310	105	205
Participation rate	61.0	63.7	58.4	67.4	76.8	57.1
Employment rate	56.3	57.8	54.9	65.8	76.8	56.1
Unemployment rate	7.7	9.2	6.1	2.3	0.0	3.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	101,140	49,450	51,690	965	475	490
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	36,240	16,465	19,775	255	85	165
Worked	64,905	32,985	31,915	710	385	325
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	31,695	17,280	14,415	360	230	125
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	33,210	15,710	17,495	350	155	200
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.2	42.6	43.7	44.2	43.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	61,690	31,485	30,200	650	370	285
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,055	620	430	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	60,640	30,865	29,775	650	370	285
Employee	55,820	27,885	27,935	480	230	250
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,815	2,980	1,835	175	140	35
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	61,690	31,490	30,205	655	370	285
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,050	625	430	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	60,635	30,865	29,775	650	370	280
0 Management occupations	5,105	3,010	2,100	145	105	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,715	2,265	6,445	65	25	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,730	3,060	675	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	6,000	1,210	4,795	60	10	55
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,645	2,800	5,845	90	30	60
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,390	585	810	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,565	6,190	8,380	90	35	50
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,670	9,220	455	125	115	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,285	1,145	135	55	40	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,530	1,385	140	15	15	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	61,690	31,485	30,205	655	365	285
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,055	625	430	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	60,640	30,865	29,775	650	370	280
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,155	875	280	180	135	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	845	755	90	0	0	0
22 Utilities	590	485	105	0	0	0
23 Construction	4,730	4,195	535	40	40	0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,235	2,725	510	20	20	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,560	1,210	350	25	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	7,255	3,425	3,835	60	15	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,105	2,445	665	50	40	10
51 Information and cultural industries	1,215	740	480	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,350	450	900	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	805	475	330	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,230	1,760	1,475	20	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,920	1,155	765	25	25	0
61 Educational services	5,365	1,730	3,635	45	10	35
62 Health care and social assistance	10,775	2,070	8,705	115	15	100
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,170	565	605	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,770	1,850	2,915	20	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,660	1,285	1,375	20	10	10
91 Public administration	4,895	2,675	2,215	15	20	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	56,950	28,585	28,360	640	365	275
Worked at home	2,185	920	1,270	145	110	35
Worked outside Canada	120	85	35	10	0	10
No fixed workplace address	6,245	4,670	1,580	85	70	15
Worked at usual place	48,390	22,910	25,480	405	190	220
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	48,385	22,910	25,480	405	185	215
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	41,160	19,065	22,090	160	70	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,220	3,170	3,050	130	50	80
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	795	520	275	115	65	50
Commute to a different province or territory	220	150	65	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	54,640	27,580	27,055	490	255	230
Car, truck, van - as a driver	45,490	23,215	22,275	410	215	200
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,340	1,370	1,975	25	10	10
Public transit	2,120	935	1,185	10	0	0
Walked	2,305	1,115	1,185	45	20	20
Bicycle	645	465	180	0	0	0
Other method	735	485	255	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	54,635	27,580	27,055	490	255	230
Less than 15 minutes	24,755	11,665	13,085	250	130	125
15 to 29 minutes	22,800	11,840	10,960	75	40	35
30 to 44 minutes	4,655	2,505	2,140	70	35	35
45 to 59 minutes	905	445	460	40	15	20
60 minutes and over	1,530	1,125	410	60	45	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	54,635	27,580	27,060	490	260	230
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,095	1,535	560	50	35	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,015	4,130	2,890	105	85	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,915	8,690	6,225	100	30	65
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	15,700	5,995	9,710	130	55	75
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,995	2,450	3,545	20	10	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,920	4,790	4,130	80	40	40
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	66,705	33,840	32,865	740	400	340
Single responses	66,350	33,695	32,655	680	365	315
Official languages	66,240	33,645	32,595	675	365	315
English	65,850	33,520	32,335	575	330	250
French	390	125	265	100	40	65
Non-official languages	110	55	55	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	70	30	40	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	25	20	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	355	145	215	60	30	25
English and French	165	70	95	45	25	25
English and non-official language	185	70	120	10	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	66,705	33,840	32,865	740	400	340
None	64,635	32,875	31,760	585	315	265
English	330	130	205	70	30	35
French	1,030	500	525	80	55	25
Non-official language	670	330	345	10	0	10
Aboriginal	215	80	135	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	460	250	210	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	10	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	117,870	58,030	59,850	1,150	575	575
Non-movers	103,980	51,315	52,665	1,005	495	510
Movers	13,895	6,715	7,180	150	80	70
Non-migrants	9,565	4,650	4,920	45	25	25
Migrants	4,330	2,070	2,265	100	60	45
Internal migrants	3,905	1,885	2,025	80	40	35
Intraprovincial migrants	3,125	1,455	1,670	80	40	35
Interprovincial migrants	780	425	350	0	0	0
External migrants	425	185	235	20	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	113,255	55,680	57,575	1,080	535	555
Non-movers	77,205	38,105	39,100	770	380	390
Movers	36,050	17,575	18,475	320	155	160
Non-migrants	24,825	12,015	12,805	100	55	45
Migrants	11,230	5,560	5,665	215	100	120
Internal migrants	9,750	4,815	4,930	190	80	110
Intraprovincial migrants	7,820	3,790	4,025	190	80	110
Interprovincial migrants	1,930	1,025	905	0	0	0
External migrants	1,480	745	735	25	20	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and Montcalm, RM [Census subdivision], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and Montcalm, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba