Census Profile, 2016 Census
Dawson Creek, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Ramara, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Dawson Creek, CY British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Ramara, TP Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Dawson Creek, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : Dawson Creek, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Ramara, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	12,178	...	...	9,488	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	11,583	...	...	9,275	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	6,020	...	...	6,028	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,035	...	...	4,032	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	499.8	...	...	22.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	24.37	...	...	418.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	12,180	5,980	6,200	9,490	4,815	4,675
0 to 14 years	2,335	1,155	1,175	1,160	605	555
0 to 4 years	910	440	470	330	185	145
5 to 9 years	770	400	375	375	195	180
10 to 14 years	655	320	335	455	230	225
15 to 64 years	8,290	4,175	4,115	5,885	2,965	2,915
15 to 19 years	755	390	360	475	265	205
20 to 24 years	965	500	465	455	245	215
25 to 29 years	1,120	560	560	375	195	180
30 to 34 years	1,040	545	490	385	205	180
35 to 39 years	780	380	400	375	190	185
40 to 44 years	725	355	370	500	250	255
45 to 49 years	710	330	380	615	300	310
50 to 54 years	820	435	385	835	410	425
55 to 59 years	750	370	385	955	465	495
60 to 64 years	630	310	320	915	450	470
65 years and over	1,555	645	905	2,445	1,245	1,205
65 to 69 years	480	205	270	855	425	430
70 to 74 years	320	145	175	675	355	325
75 to 79 years	275	110	165	430	225	205
80 to 84 years	240	90	150	290	155	135
85 years and over	245	90	150	190	90	100
85 to 89 years	165	65	95	130	65	70
90 to 94 years	65	20	45	45	20	25
95 to 99 years	15	5	15	10	5	5
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.3	19.0	12.2	12.6	11.9
15 to 64 years	68.1	69.8	66.4	62.0	61.6	62.4
65 years and over	12.8	10.8	14.6	25.8	25.9	25.8
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.4	2.0	1.9	2.1
Average age of the population	37.2	36.2	38.1	47.7	47.2	48.2
Median age of the population	34.4	33.3	35.5	52.7	52.1	53.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
Single-detached house	3,220	...	...	3,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,575	...	...	340	...	...
Semi-detached house	255	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	290	...	...	250	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	110	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	910	...	...	20	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	45	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	240	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
1 person	1,630	...	...	945	...	...
2 persons	1,610	...	...	1,825	...	...
3 persons	795	...	...	580	...	...
4 persons	630	...	...	420	...	...
5 or more persons	370	...	...	265	...	...
Number of persons in private households	11,785	...	...	9,455	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	9,845	4,820	5,020	8,325	4,210	4,120
Married or living common law	5,170	2,580	2,585	5,430	2,715	2,715
Married	3,795	1,900	1,895	4,505	2,245	2,260
Living common law	1,375	685	690	925	465	460
Not married and not living common law	4,680	2,240	2,440	2,895	1,495	1,405
Never married	3,000	1,690	1,310	1,635	960	670
Separated	390	165	225	280	150	130
Divorced	680	270	410	475	235	235
Widowed	610	115	495	515	145	370
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,170	...	...	3,060	...	...
2 persons	1,625	...	...	1,945	...	...
3 persons	715	...	...	545	...	...
4 persons	555	...	...	390	...	...
5 or more persons	275	...	...	185	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,170	...	...	3,060	...	...
Total couple families	2,500	...	...	2,680	...	...
Married couples	1,810	...	...	2,215	...	...
Common-law couples	685	...	...	465	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	670	...	...	380	...	...
Female parent	525	...	...	260	...	...
Male parent	145	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	2,500	...	...	2,680	...	...
Couples without children	1,240	...	...	1,710	...	...
Couples with children	1,255	...	...	970	...	...
1 child	515	...	...	430	...	...
2 children	495	...	...	360	...	...
3 or more children	250	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	670	...	...	385	...	...
1 child	380	...	...	235	...	...
2 children	200	...	...	115	...	...
3 or more children	85	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,705	1,380	1,325	1,385	690	695
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,035	...	...	4,035	...	...
One-census-family households	3,035	...	...	2,895	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,195	...	...	1,630	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,840	...	...	1,265	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	65	...	...	80	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,940	...	...	1,055	...	...
One-person households	1,630	...	...	940	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	305	...	...	110	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	12,025	5,905	6,120	9,485	4,810	4,675
English only	11,370	5,615	5,755	9,080	4,640	4,440
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	605	270	340	380	160	220
Neither English nor French	45	20	25	20	10	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	12,020	5,900	6,125	9,485	4,810	4,675
English	11,860	5,815	6,040	9,365	4,755	4,615
French	115	60	50	90	45	45
English and French	15	5	0	10	0	5
Neither English nor French	45	15	25	20	10	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	115	65	55	95	45	50
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	12,020	5,900	6,125	9,485	4,810	4,670
Single responses	11,860	5,830	6,030	9,425	4,785	4,640
Official languages	10,770	5,330	5,435	8,755	4,435	4,320
English	10,630	5,255	5,370	8,660	4,385	4,270
French	140	75	65	100	50	50
Non-official languages	1,090	500	595	675	345	325
Aboriginal languages	35	15	25	0	0	5
Algonquian languages	35	10	20	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,055	490	565	670	350	320
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	5	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	10	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	325	130	190	20	5	15
Bikol	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	115	170	20	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	5	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	100	40	60	5	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	30	55	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	480	230	250	525	280	250
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	35	140	70	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages	75	35	35	130	65	70
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Polish	20	15	5	40	15	25
Russian	15	5	10	55	25	25
Serbian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	5	0	5
Ukrainian	20	5	15	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	205	90	115	210	110	95
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	5	10	5	5
Dutch	20	10	10	55	30	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	150	65	90	140	75	60
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	5	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	135	65	65	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	60	5	5	5
Bengali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	5	0	0
Hindi	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	45	50	5	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	0	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	30	30	160	90	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	105	60	45
Portuguese	15	5	5	30	15	15
Romanian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Spanish	35	20	20	10	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	5	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	20	15	15	5	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	35	15	20
Chinese languages	35	20	20	35	20	20
Cantonese	15	10	10	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	45	20	20
Estonian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Finnish	5	5	0	15	5	10
Hungarian	15	10	5	25	15	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	165	75	90	60	25	35
English and French	15	5	5	15	5	10
English and non-official language	145	60	85	35	15	20
French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	12,020	5,900	6,120	9,485	4,810	4,675
Single responses	11,725	5,755	5,965	9,385	4,765	4,625
Official languages	11,140	5,490	5,650	9,190	4,665	4,525
English	11,095	5,460	5,635	9,175	4,660	4,515
French	45	25	20	20	10	15
Non-official languages	580	270	310	190	95	95
Aboriginal languages	0	0	5	0	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	580	270	310	190	95	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	90	115	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	5	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	205	90	115	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	25	45	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	65	20	45	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	100	105	140	70	70
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	55	25	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	5	5	5
Russian	10	5	10	40	20	20
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	25	35	15	10	5
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	15	25	20	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	45	50	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	85	45	45	0	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	60	30	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	45	20	25
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	15	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	5	20	15	5
Chinese languages	20	10	5	20	10	5
Cantonese	10	10	5	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	0	10	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	5	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	300	140	155	100	45	50
English and French	15	15	0	5	0	0
English and non-official language	285	135	155	90	40	50
French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	12,025	5,900	6,120	9,485	4,810	4,670
None	11,330	5,575	5,755	9,150	4,650	4,500
English	295	145	150	90	50	40
French	95	40	55	55	20	30
Non-official language	290	135	155	185	85	95
Aboriginal	35	10	20	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	255	125	130	175	80	95
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5	0	5	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	9,465	4,650	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,185	4,530	4,650	8,045	4,070	3,975
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,303	55,782	31,000	34,001	40,218	28,976
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,185	4,535	4,655	8,055	4,075	3,980
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,755	47,680	28,533	30,853	36,131	26,475
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,395	4,260	4,135	7,305	3,765	3,540
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,421	56,503	29,152	30,212	36,749	24,647
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,885	2,350	3,525	5,980	2,850	3,125
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,624	3,384	5,123	8,501	8,800	8,329
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,600	3,945	3,655	5,520	2,965	2,555
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,037	56,759	30,029	29,995	33,888	26,080
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	9,460	4,655	4,810	8,295	4,195	4,105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,180	4,500	4,675	8,070	4,080	3,985
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,206	63,878	37,042	44,324	51,129	37,356
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,175	4,500	4,675	8,075	4,080	3,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,844	51,485	32,561	37,175	42,561	31,673
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,375	4,235	4,135	7,265	3,735	3,530
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,856	63,892	35,499	41,643	48,592	34,293
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,990	2,385	3,605	6,020	2,860	3,160
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,231	7,150	7,284	9,123	9,498	8,784
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,600	3,890	3,715	5,515	2,975	2,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,065	62,803	34,673	38,548	41,920	34,607
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	9,460	4,650	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,120	1,750	1,370	2,575	1,430	1,150
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	60,643	71,013	49,159	50,776	56,841	43,599
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	67,766	78,515	53,990	57,278	62,174	51,204
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.7	94.3	84.6	84.3	86.8	80.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	81.9	86.3	74.2	61.1	62.7	58.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.3	5.7	15.3	15.7	13.2	19.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	9,465	4,650	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
Without total income	280	125	155	255	120	130
With total income	9,185	4,530	4,655	8,040	4,070	3,975
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.4	96.8	96.9	97.1	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,100	395	705	1,035	475	555
$10,000 to $19,999	1,330	505	825	1,370	560	815
$20,000 to $29,999	1,110	375	730	1,215	535	680
$30,000 to $39,999	1,030	360	670	1,000	455	545
$40,000 to $49,999	905	400	505	825	410	410
$50,000 to $59,999	780	370	410	710	415	295
$60,000 to $69,999	645	380	265	560	340	220
$70,000 to $79,999	490	325	165	335	225	110
$80,000 to $89,999	450	305	140	255	175	80
$90,000 to $99,999	315	220	95	230	130	95
$100,000 and over	1,025	880	145	510	345	160
$100,000 to $149,999	710	600	115	365	245	120
$150,000 and over	320	285	35	145	105	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	9,465	4,655	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
Without after-tax income	275	115	155	245	115	125
With after-tax income	9,185	4,530	4,655	8,050	4,075	3,980
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	97.3	96.8	97.0	97.3	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,115	410	710	1,100	495	605
$10,000 to $19,999	1,400	540	865	1,440	580	860
$20,000 to $29,999	1,350	475	875	1,385	630	755
$30,000 to $39,999	1,240	480	765	1,160	540	620
$40,000 to $49,999	1,015	475	540	980	550	430
$50,000 to $59,999	895	530	370	725	450	275
$60,000 to $69,999	650	430	220	425	275	150
$70,000 to $79,999	480	335	140	305	195	115
$80,000 and over	1,030	865	165	530	360	170
$80,000 to $89,999	345	270	75	205	130	75
$90,000 to $99,999	220	180	35	100	65	40
$100,000 and over	465	410	55	230	165	60
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	9,460	4,650	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
Without employment income	1,860	710	1,155	2,775	1,230	1,550
With employment income	7,600	3,940	3,655	5,515	2,965	2,555
Percentage with employment income	80.3	84.7	76.0	66.5	70.8	62.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	890	335	555	965	555	410
$5,000 to $9,999	440	170	270	440	205	235
$10,000 to $19,999	880	350	530	730	325	405
$20,000 to $29,999	730	265	465	615	280	335
$30,000 to $39,999	765	280	485	600	280	320
$40,000 to $49,999	765	350	420	485	245	245
$50,000 to $59,999	620	325	295	435	260	175
$60,000 to $69,999	530	325	205	340	220	125
$70,000 to $79,999	445	300	145	215	160	60
$80,000 and over	1,520	1,240	280	685	440	245
$80,000 to $89,999	380	270	110	175	120	55
$90,000 to $99,999	260	185	75	190	95	95
$100,000 and over	885	785	95	325	225	95
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,035	...	...	4,035	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,211	...	...	72,160	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,107	...	...	63,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,630	...	...	945	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,667	...	...	39,168	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,746	...	...	35,008	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,405	...	...	3,090	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	84,437	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,616	...	...	74,183	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	91,491	...	...	88,665	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,252	...	...	74,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,630	...	...	940	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	50,370	...	...	51,758	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,976	...	...	42,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,405	...	...	3,095	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,141	...	...	99,849	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,632	...	...	84,077	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190	...	...	110	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	180	...	...	155	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	175	...	...	140	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	195	...	...	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	155	...	...	200	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...	190	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	165	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	330	...	...	350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	360	...	...	345	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	310	...	...	295	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	310	...	...	270	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	305	...	...	265	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,880	...	...	1,255	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	610	...	...	470	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	445	...	...	295	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	470	...	...	305	...	...
$200,000 and over	350	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	205	...	...	115	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	210	...	...	165	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	210	...	...	150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	230	...	...	195	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	205	...	...	230	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	220	...	...	195	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	210	...	...	215	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	440	...	...	460	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	410	...	...	370	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	395	...	...	340	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	350	...	...	280	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	330	...	...	275	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,360	...	...	880	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	610	...	...	415	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	330	...	...	220	...	...
$150,000 and over	420	...	...	245	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,175	...	...	3,005	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,527	...	...	84,395	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,894	...	...	74,051	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,155	...	...	1,570	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,829	...	...	76,361	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,253	...	...	67,491	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,265	...	...	1,000	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,928	...	...	108,544	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,495	...	...	93,257	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	635	...	...	335	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,808	...	...	53,453	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,200	...	...	50,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,180	...	...	3,030	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	110,192	...	...	99,118	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,510	...	...	83,482	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,150	...	...	1,590	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	108,923	...	...	91,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,442	...	...	75,844	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,270	...	...	1,005	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,359	...	...	121,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,323	...	...	102,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	635	...	...	325	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,353	...	...	69,335	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,546	...	...	61,626	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,430	1,250	1,180	1,205	610	590
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,360	45,901	31,451	36,224	40,192	32,853
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,104	40,512	28,749	32,299	35,584	30,656
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,410	1,170	1,235	1,155	595	565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,657	55,833	36,005	49,435	49,862	48,988
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,487	45,666	31,677	40,826	41,922	39,681
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	11,785	5,805	5,980	9,455	4,795	4,660
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,275	2,400	2,875	4,490	2,225	2,265
In the bottom decile	1,140	505	640	675	340	340
In the second decile	970	415	555	840	395	445
In the third decile	995	440	560	1,000	515	490
In the fourth decile	1,010	480	540	1,010	495	510
In the fifth decile	1,160	570	590	965	485	480
In the top half of the distribution	6,505	3,400	3,105	4,965	2,570	2,395
In the sixth decile	1,125	545	580	1,045	540	505
In the seventh decile	1,265	645	620	1,125	580	540
In the eighth decile	1,355	705	650	1,050	540	510
In the ninth decile	1,430	750	680	1,015	530	485
In the top decile	1,335	750	580	730	380	350
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	11,785	5,800	5,980	9,455	4,795	4,660
0 to 17 years	2,725	1,365	1,365	1,470	785	685
0 to 5 years	1,065	530	535	395	215	175
18 to 64 years	7,735	3,880	3,855	5,550	2,770	2,775
65 years and over	1,325	560	770	2,435	1,245	1,200
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,485	630	860	1,045	515	530
0 to 17 years	435	220	215	215	105	105
0 to 5 years	185	100	90	65	35	35
18 to 64 years	840	345	495	610	310	305
65 years and over	210	65	145	220	100	120
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.6	10.9	14.4	11.1	10.7	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	16.1	15.8	14.6	13.4	15.3
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	18.9	16.8	16.5	16.3	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	8.9	12.8	11.0	11.2	11.0
65 years and over (%)	15.8	11.6	18.8	9.0	8.0	10.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	805	370	435	335	180	160
0 to 17 years	225	120	110	55	25	30
0 to 5 years	100	55	45	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	555	245	310	245	130	115
65 years and over	20	10	10	35	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	6.4	7.3	3.5	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.8	8.1	3.7	3.2	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	10.4	8.4	3.8	2.3	5.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	6.3	8.0	4.4	4.7	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.8	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	11,785	5,800	5,985	9,455	4,795	4,660
Official languages	11,750	5,795	5,960	9,450	4,795	4,655
English	11,750	5,795	5,955	9,445	4,790	4,650
French	560	250	310	370	140	225
Non-official languages	1,425	610	815	900	460	435
Aboriginal languages	95	55	45	30	15	20
Algonquian languages	90	45	40	30	15	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	90	50	45	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	20	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	10	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	30	30	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	30	15	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,330	560	775	865	450	420
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	10	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	10	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	440	160	280	10	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	440	165	280	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	105	35	70	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	100	35	65	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	670	310	355	670	350	315
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	135	60	75
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	125	55	70
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	20	0	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	45	20	20
Russian	0	10	0	45	25	25
Serbian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	10	15	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	260	135	125	280	155	130
Afrikaans	20	10	10	20	0	10
Danish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10	80	35	50
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	210	100	110	170	105	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	225	115	115	10	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	220	105	110	15	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	10	10	10	10
Hindi	165	95	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	70	105	230	130	105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	20	110	65	40
Portuguese	20	10	10	40	30	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	120	50	70	90	35	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	20	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	10	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	20	10	15	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	80	40	40
Chinese languages	30	10	15	80	40	40
Cantonese	25	10	20	40	25	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	20	0	10	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	65	25	35
Estonian	0	0	0	15	20	0
Finnish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Hungarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	11,785	5,805	5,980	9,455	4,795	4,655
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	10,905	5,445	5,465	9,310	4,725	4,585
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,640	1,345	1,295	1,455	790	660
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,270	4,100	4,170	7,855	3,930	3,920
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	875	355	515	145	70	80
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	11,780	5,800	5,980	9,455	4,795	4,655
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	10,375	5,180	5,195	8,390	4,240	4,145
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,130	500	630	1,060	550	505
Before 1981	315	165	150	765	400	365
1981 to 1990	90	40	50	115	60	60
1991 to 2000	75	30	45	100	65	40
2001 to 2010	185	85	110	45	30	15
2001 to 2005	60	25	40	20	10	10
2006 to 2010	125	60	65	25	15	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	470	190	280	25	10	20
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	280	120	160	10	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,125	495	630	1,055	550	505
Under 5 years	80	30	55	175	115	60
5 to 14 years	220	120	95	180	90	90
15 to 24 years	255	115	140	315	145	170
25 to 44 years	500	210	295	340	175	170
45 years and over	70	25	50	45	30	20
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,130	500	625	1,055	550	505
Americas	210	85	125	120	60	65
Brazil	0	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	20	15	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	20	0	15
Mexico	0	0	10	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	135	65	70	45	15	30
Other places of birth in Americas	50	15	30	25	15	10
Europe	280	150	125	760	405	355
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	10	10	0
France	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	70	45	30	110	60	50
Greece	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italy	0	0	0	60	35	25
Netherlands	30	25	10	65	35	35
Poland	0	0	0	20	0	20
Portugal	0	0	0	40	25	15
Romania	15	10	10	10	10	10
Russian Federation	0	10	0	30	20	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ukraine	10	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	45	50	295	150	140
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	35	60	40	20
Africa	55	30	25	40	15	30
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	10	10	10
Asia	575	235	340	125	75	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	35	15	20
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	160	70	95	10	10	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	0	10	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Philippines	335	125	210	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	30	15	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	15	10	10	10	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	470	190	280	25	0	25
Americas	20	10	15	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	0	10	10	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	40	20	20	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	10	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	10	0	0	0
Asia	390	150	240	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	135	60	80	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	230	80	150	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	11,785	5,800	5,985	9,455	4,800	4,660
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,460	640	820	1,085	565	515
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,695	795	895	1,465	720	750
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	8,630	4,360	4,270	6,905	3,510	3,395
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	840	345	495	315	160	160
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	570	255	315	180	100	85
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	305	160	145	65	55	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	270	100	170	115	45	75
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	215	65	155	125	60	65
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	50	25	20	15	10	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	11,785	5,800	5,980	9,455	4,795	4,660
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,925	905	1,020	380	210	170
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,910	905	1,005	360	200	160
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	885	475	405	290	170	115
Métis	1,015	420	590	75	35	45
Inuk (Inuit)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	15	0	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	9,860	4,895	4,960	9,075	4,585	4,490
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	11,785	5,800	5,980	9,455	4,795	4,660
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	575	285	295	205	120	80
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	11,210	5,515	5,690	9,250	4,670	4,580
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	11,785	5,805	5,980	9,455	4,800	4,660
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	510	225	280	95	70	25
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	490	225	270	95	70	25
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	315	170	145	75	60	20
Métis single ancestry	175	55	125	20	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	10	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,465	695	770	395	195	205
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,385	660	725	365	185	180
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	840	400	440	290	155	135
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	535	250	285	80	35	45
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	85	35	45	30	10	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	40	30	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	9,810	4,880	4,930	8,965	4,535	4,430
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	11,785	5,805	5,985	9,455	4,795	4,660
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,160	480	680	290	160	135
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	340	145	195	45	25	15
Chinese	35	10	25	105	50	50
Black	150	90	60	75	50	25
Filipino	455	165	300	15	0	10
Latin American	40	15	25	10	0	10
Arab	15	10	0	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	50	25	25	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	25	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	0	0	10	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	15	0	15	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	10,630	5,325	5,305	9,160	4,635	4,525
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	11,785	5,800	5,980	9,455	4,795	4,660
North American Aboriginal origins	1,975	920	1,050	495	265	230
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,250	610	635	395	215	180
Inuit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	815	345	470	125	55	70
Other North American origins	3,650	1,890	1,760	3,490	1,755	1,740
Acadian	15	10	10	25	10	10
American	310	155	155	70	30	40
Canadian	3,430	1,780	1,650	3,445	1,745	1,705
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	10
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	10	10	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	8,300	4,110	4,195	7,405	3,670	3,735
British Isles origins	5,670	2,695	2,970	5,800	2,865	2,935
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	3,325	1,555	1,775	3,625	1,810	1,815
Irish	2,350	1,105	1,245	2,480	1,135	1,350
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	2,580	1,215	1,375	2,780	1,420	1,360
Welsh	245	105	145	150	80	65
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	210	95	110	255	125	135
French origins	1,595	790	805	945	405	545
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,595	785	805	945	405	540
Western European origins (except French origins)	3,225	1,525	1,700	1,490	710	785
Austrian	165	80	80	65	40	25
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	75	45	30	45	15	30
Dutch	570	235	340	580	285	290
Flemish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,535	1,215	1,325	835	360	475
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	80	40	45	80	40	40
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,565	805	760	230	120	115
Danish	115	70	50	55	35	15
Finnish	100	50	45	85	30	55
Icelandic	50	25	25	10	10	0
Norwegian	915	470	445	40	25	15
Swedish	505	250	255	35	20	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	50	30	20	20	0	15
Eastern European origins	1,670	930	745	750	355	390
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	120	50	65	35	20	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	65	45	25	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	35	25	15
Hungarian	120	65	50	105	55	50
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	10	10	10	0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	375	195	180	275	125	155
Romanian	85	50	30	40	30	15
Russian	350	165	190	110	40	70
Slovak	45	25	20	30	20	10
Ukrainian	765	440	325	205	90	115
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	430	190	245	655	320	335
Albanian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	10	10	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	75	45	30
Italian	265	120	140	335	165	170
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	50	20	30	105	35	65
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	100	30	70	70	30	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	0	15	10	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	25	15	15
Other European origins	80	40	40	55	20	35
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	55	20	35	40	20	25
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	25	15	10	15	10	15
Caribbean origins	70	40	35	80	45	35
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	10	10	10	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	40	30	0	35	20	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	10	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	120	50	70	30	25	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	10	10	10	10	10	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	75	35	35	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	145	75	65	65	30	35
Central and West African origins	25	10	10	10	15	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	15	15	0
North African origins	25	10	10	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	25	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	40	30	15	30	10	25
Afrikaner	10	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	25	10	20
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins	60	30	30	20	10	15
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	0	15	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	45	25	20	25	10	15
Asian origins	1,010	410	605	275	140	135
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	55	30	25	65	30	30
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	35	25	15
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	0	10	30	10	20
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	10	10	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	330	140	185	60	40	25
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	325	140	185	45	30	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	15	10	15
Punjabi	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	630	235	395	145	70	75
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese	105	30	70	100	45	50
Filipino	470	175	295	10	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	30	15	20
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	10	10	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	10	0	10	20	15	10
Australian	10	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	10	25	15	10
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,035	...	...	4,035	...	...
Owner	3,055	...	...	3,640	...	...
Renter	1,985	...	...	390	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
Condominium	290	...	...	310	...	...
Not condominium	4,750	...	...	3,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	565	...	...	100	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,285	...	...	865	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,655	...	...	2,005	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,485	...	...	1,055	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,035	...	...	4,035	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,310	...	...	420	...	...
5 rooms	900	...	...	675	...	...
6 rooms	735	...	...	910	...	...
7 rooms	570	...	...	685	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,510	...	...	1,345	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,965	...	...	4,035	...	...
More than 1 person per room	70	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,035	...	...	4,035	...	...
Suitable	4,755	...	...	3,960	...	...
Not suitable	280	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
1960 or before	1,180	...	...	835	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,950	...	...	1,190	...	...
1981 to 1990	495	...	...	760	...	...
1991 to 2000	365	...	...	515	...	...
2001 to 2005	175	...	...	370	...	...
2006 to 2010	355	...	...	240	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	515	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,565	...	...	3,730	...	...
Major repairs needed	470	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,035	...	...	4,030	...	...
1 household maintainer	3,315	...	...	2,250	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,565	...	...	1,695	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	160	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,035	...	...	4,035	...	...
15 to 24 years	350	...	...	65	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,130	...	...	235	...	...
35 to 44 years	830	...	...	425	...	...
45 to 54 years	950	...	...	785	...	...
55 to 64 years	835	...	...	1,045	...	...
65 to 74 years	505	...	...	870	...	...
75 to 84 years	320	...	...	505	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,025	...	...	3,930	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,900	...	...	2,980	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,125	...	...	955	...	...
30% to less than 100%	995	...	...	810	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,050	...	...	3,545	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.8	...	...	57.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.0	...	...	21.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,201	...	...	1,097	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,241	...	...	1,244	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,408	...	...	324,572	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	301,549	...	...	407,731	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,985	...	...	390	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.4	...	...	48.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,061	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,120	...	...	1,167	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	9,460	4,655	4,810	8,300	4,190	4,105
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,280	1,290	990	1,745	990	755
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,825	1,250	1,575	2,485	1,165	1,315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,355	2,105	2,245	4,065	2,030	2,035
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,185	880	300	870	670	195
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	420	220	195	350	230	125
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	765	660	105	520	440	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,800	745	1,055	2,095	905	1,190
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	215	80	140	170	65	110
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,155	405	750	925	390	535
Bachelor's degree	855	290	570	670	260	410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	75	35	35	90	35	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	20	20	10	10
Master's degree	155	40	115	145	80	65
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	30	25	10	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,470	3,145	3,320	4,905	2,425	2,480
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,125	630	495	705	435	265
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,975	905	1,075	1,475	705	775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,365	1,610	1,755	2,725	1,285	1,440
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	805	620	185	520	425	100
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	250	140	110	210	160	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	560	480	80	310	265	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,385	580	810	1,530	640	890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	70	115	85	30	50
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	985	340	645	590	185	405
Bachelor's degree	740	250	495	440	135	305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65	35	30	50	10	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	15	15	20	10	0
Master's degree	130	35	95	75	35	40
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	10	0	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	9,465	4,655	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,105	2,545	2,565	4,230	2,155	2,070
Education	270	70	195	260	55	205
13. Education	265	65	200	260	55	205
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	50	55	115	55	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	10	30	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	60	10	45	85	35	55
Humanities	120	45	80	145	80	65
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	25	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	10	10	45	25	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	20	35	25	10
54. History	25	10	20	40	25	15
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	260	35	230	430	110	320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	40	10	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	105	0	105	135	15	120
22. Legal professions and studies	30	10	20	55	20	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	10	0	10
42. Psychology	50	10	45	80	15	70
45. Social sciences	60	15	45	120	55	60
Business, management and public administration	860	250	605	700	245	455
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	25	105	90	0	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	720	220	500	610	240	370
Physical and life sciences and technologies	70	30	40	80	35	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	20	45	10	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	0	15	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	20	0	20	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90	60	30	125	85	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	60	35	115	75	40
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,335	1,200	135	1,090	1,035	50
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	10	10	10	0
14. Engineering	85	65	20	100	80	20
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	210	185	25	235	225	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	335	300	30	240	230	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	555	520	35	340	340	0
48. Precision production	145	135	15	160	160	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	135	50	125	75	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	60	40	30	75	45	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	95	25	45	35	15
Health and related fields	805	115	690	665	75	590
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	40	10	25	35	15	20
51. Health professions and related programs	765	105	665	625	60	565
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	260	115	145	340	185	150
12. Personal and culinary services	175	30	145	135	35	95
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	10	0	160	105	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	40	45	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,470	3,150	3,320	4,900	2,420	2,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	3,105	1,535	1,570	2,180	1,140	1,040
Education	235	65	170	160	30	130
13. Education	235	60	170	160	30	125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	65	25	40	75	30	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	10	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	10	35	60	20	40
Humanities	105	35	70	95	50	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	10	35	20	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	25	15	10
54. History	25	10	20	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	210	30	180	320	70	245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	20	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	75	0	75	105	10	90
22. Legal professions and studies	25	10	10	45	10	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	10	0	0	10
42. Psychology	50	10	40	55	0	55
45. Social sciences	50	10	35	80	40	40
Business, management and public administration	685	200	485	480	130	350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	30	75	65	0	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	580	170	415	415	135	285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	15	15	50	20	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	20	0	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	15	0	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80	50	25	65	60	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	50	25	65	60	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	975	880	95	705	670	35
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	65	50	20	50	25	20
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	175	155	20	155	145	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	255	225	25	180	170	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	380	365	15	225	225	0
48. Precision production	100	85	10	100	100	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	160	110	50	70	40	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	55	30	25	40	20	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	80	20	25	15	10
Health and related fields	640	110	535	480	65	415
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	35	15	20	30	15	20
51. Health professions and related programs	605	95	510	450	45	400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	180	90	90	230	125	105
12. Personal and culinary services	110	20	85	80	25	60
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0	115	65	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	60	0	35	35	0
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	9,465	4,650	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,110	2,545	2,565	4,230	2,160	2,075
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,350	2,105	2,245	4,065	2,035	2,030
Location of study inside Canada	3,695	1,840	1,855	3,700	1,825	1,880
Same as province or territory of residence	2,525	1,280	1,240	3,525	1,745	1,780
Different than province or territory of residence	1,170	565	610	170	75	100
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	665	270	395	365	210	155
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	90	45	45	85	50	35
Philippines	230	80	150	0	0	0
India	160	65	90	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	40	15	20	85	60	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	15	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	140	60	80	180	95	80
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,470	3,150	3,320	4,905	2,425	2,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,105	1,540	1,565	2,180	1,140	1,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,365	1,610	1,755	2,725	1,280	1,440
Location of study inside Canada	2,845	1,405	1,440	2,605	1,245	1,360
Same as province or territory of residence	1,980	975	1,005	2,510	1,195	1,315
Different than province or territory of residence	870	430	440	100	55	50
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	520	205	310	115	40	75
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	65	35	35	25	10	15
Philippines	225	75	145	0	0	0
India	90	40	50	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	0	10	25	15	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	10	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	120	45	75	55	15	40
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	9,465	4,655	4,810	8,295	4,190	4,105
In the labour force	6,720	3,525	3,195	4,710	2,535	2,180
Employed	5,905	2,990	2,915	4,370	2,320	2,050
Unemployed	820	535	280	340	215	125
Not in the labour force	2,745	1,125	1,610	3,585	1,655	1,925
Participation rate	71.0	75.7	66.4	56.8	60.5	53.1
Employment rate	62.4	64.2	60.6	52.7	55.4	49.9
Unemployment rate	12.2	15.2	8.8	7.2	8.5	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	9,460	4,655	4,810	8,300	4,195	4,105
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,395	935	1,455	3,210	1,490	1,725
Worked	7,070	3,715	3,350	5,085	2,700	2,385
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,205	1,805	1,405	2,695	1,520	1,175
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,860	1,910	1,950	2,385	1,180	1,210
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.4	40.4	43.2	43.3	43.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	6,720	3,525	3,195	4,710	2,535	2,180
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	140	70	70	85	50	35
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,585	3,455	3,125	4,625	2,485	2,140
Employee	5,985	3,095	2,890	3,885	2,005	1,880
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	595	360	240	740	480	255
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	6,720	3,525	3,195	4,710	2,535	2,180
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	140	65	70	90	45	35
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,580	3,460	3,125	4,625	2,485	2,140
0 Management occupations	590	335	260	540	345	195
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	895	210	685	580	140	435
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	225	190	35	210	160	55
3 Health occupations	490	95	395	280	30	255
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	610	145	460	460	120	340
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70	25	45	110	65	50
6 Sales and service occupations	1,665	625	1,045	1,165	445	715
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,425	1,310	120	915	860	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	280	240	40	155	140	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	320	285	40	205	185	20
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	6,720	3,525	3,195	4,710	2,535	2,180
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	140	70	70	85	50	40
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,580	3,460	3,125	4,625	2,490	2,140
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80	60	15	105	85	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	510	440	65	75	75	0
22 Utilities	40	45	0	65	45	15
23 Construction	680	570	115	455	390	65
31-33 Manufacturing	315	255	60	380	285	95
41 Wholesale trade	155	110	45	135	115	15
44-45 Retail trade	965	405	565	665	320	340
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	355	260	95	185	120	65
51 Information and cultural industries	65	35	30	60	40	20
52 Finance and insurance	140	35	100	60	10	50
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	120	65	45	100	60	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	215	90	120	190	80	115
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	300	190	115	250	180	70
61 Educational services	425	100	320	255	50	205
62 Health care and social assistance	780	155	625	525	35	490
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	100	45	50	240	120	115
72 Accommodation and food services	650	240	410	320	110	210
81 Other services (except public administration)	375	225	155	195	125	70
91 Public administration	320	130	190	365	235	135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,900	2,990	2,915	4,370	2,320	2,050
Worked at home	225	95	130	405	225	175
Worked outside Canada	0	0	10	10	0	10
No fixed workplace address	1,085	810	275	675	515	160
Worked at usual place	4,585	2,080	2,505	3,285	1,575	1,710
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	4,585	2,080	2,500	3,280	1,575	1,705
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,790	1,605	2,190	565	305	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	700	425	275	1,940	865	1,075
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	10	15	765	390	375
Commute to a different province or territory	70	45	30	15	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	5,675	2,895	2,775	3,960	2,090	1,870
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,690	2,440	2,245	3,570	1,910	1,660
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	380	195	185	240	110	135
Public transit	60	10	45	25	10	20
Walked	445	175	270	70	25	45
Bicycle	25	25	0	15	15	10
Other method	70	40	30	35	30	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	5,670	2,890	2,775	3,955	2,090	1,870
Less than 15 minutes	4,050	1,835	2,210	850	430	415
15 to 29 minutes	850	475	375	1,550	665	885
30 to 44 minutes	260	160	105	620	330	285
45 to 59 minutes	175	155	15	350	210	140
60 minutes and over	340	260	75	585	445	140
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	5,670	2,890	2,780	3,955	2,090	1,870
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	395	290	105	355	255	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	975	760	215	830	550	280
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,535	795	740	955	475	480
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,365	470	895	795	290	505
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	565	200	365	335	135	200
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	840	380	460	690	385	305
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,310	3,795	3,515	5,225	2,760	2,465
Single responses	7,295	3,785	3,505	5,200	2,750	2,450
Official languages	7,270	3,780	3,500	5,180	2,740	2,440
English	7,270	3,780	3,490	5,165	2,735	2,435
French	10	0	10	10	10	0
Non-official languages	20	10	10	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	10	10	25	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	10	10	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	0	10	25	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	10	15	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,310	3,790	3,515	5,225	2,760	2,465
None	7,235	3,770	3,460	5,100	2,700	2,405
English	0	0	10	15	10	10
French	0	0	10	40	30	15
Non-official language	60	15	40	70	25	40
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	60	15	40	55	25	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	11,555	5,705	5,855	9,400	4,755	4,645
Non-movers	8,835	4,340	4,495	8,285	4,190	4,095
Movers	2,720	1,365	1,360	1,115	570	545
Non-migrants	1,865	950	920	310	140	175
Migrants	860	420	440	800	430	375
Internal migrants	735	370	360	785	430	360
Intraprovincial migrants	450	230	215	760	400	355
Interprovincial migrants	290	140	150	25	25	0
External migrants	120	45	75	20	0	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	10,880	5,355	5,525	9,155	4,630	4,530
Non-movers	5,245	2,550	2,700	6,215	3,155	3,065
Movers	5,635	2,800	2,830	2,935	1,475	1,460
Non-migrants	2,990	1,540	1,455	825	395	435
Migrants	2,640	1,265	1,375	2,115	1,080	1,030
Internal migrants	2,035	1,015	1,020	2,035	1,050	985
Intraprovincial migrants	1,330	670	665	1,950	1,005	950
Interprovincial migrants	710	350	360	85	50	35
External migrants	605	250	355	75	25	45

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Dawson Creek, CY [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Ramara, TP [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Dawson Creek, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Ramara, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Dawson Creek, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Ramara, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Dawson Creek, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Ramara, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario