Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winkler [Census agglomeration], Manitoba and Portage la Prairie [Population centre], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Winkler Manitoba [Census agglomeration]			Portage la Prairie Manitoba [Population centre]
	Data quality , Winkler [Census agglomeration], Manitoba Map : Winkler [Census agglomeration], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Portage la Prairie [Population centre], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	30,297	...	...	12,949	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	26,838 ^r	...	...	12,613^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	12.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	10,539	...	...	5,647	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	10,264	...	...	5,434	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	34.8	...	...	1,373.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	870.08	...	...	9.43	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	30,295	15,000	15,300	12,945	6,195	6,750
0 to 14 years	7,710	3,965	3,745	2,540	1,280	1,260
0 to 4 years	2,665	1,355	1,310	910	465	440
5 to 9 years	2,585	1,355	1,230	845	420	425
10 to 14 years	2,465	1,260	1,210	785	395	390
15 to 64 years	18,845	9,390	9,460	8,000	3,930	4,070
15 to 19 years	2,420	1,250	1,175	815	445	370
20 to 24 years	2,255	1,135	1,120	800	410	390
25 to 29 years	2,020	1,005	1,015	875	420	455
30 to 34 years	2,000	1,000	1,000	745	380	370
35 to 39 years	1,845	910	930	690	295	395
40 to 44 years	1,795	895	900	700	345	345
45 to 49 years	1,750	870	875	740	355	385
50 to 54 years	1,715	835	885	900	440	460
55 to 59 years	1,630	780	855	940	455	480
60 to 64 years	1,415	710	700	800	375	430
65 years and over	3,735	1,645	2,095	2,405	980	1,420
65 to 69 years	1,115	545	570	670	315	360
70 to 74 years	795	340	455	565	245	320
75 to 79 years	690	325	360	415	170	245
80 to 84 years	470	200	270	320	135	185
85 years and over	675	235	435	430	120	315
85 to 89 years	380	140	240	270	85	185
90 to 94 years	230	80	150	120	30	90
95 to 99 years	55	15	45	35	0	35
100 years and over	10	5	5	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25.4	26.4	24.5	19.6	20.7	18.7
15 to 64 years	62.2	62.6	61.8	61.8	63.4	60.3
65 years and over	12.3	11.0	13.7	18.6	15.8	21.0
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	3.3	1.9	4.7
Average age of the population	34.8	33.8	35.9	40.5	38.7	42.2
Median age of the population	31.8	30.7	32.9	40.1	37.8	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	10,260	...	...	5,435	...	...
Single-detached house	7,425	...	...	3,815	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	275	...	...	195	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	2,175	...	...	1,335	...	...
Semi-detached house	570	...	...	140	...	...
Row house	935	...	...	310	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	625	...	...	825	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	385	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
1 person	2,170	...	...	1,900	...	...
2 persons	3,360	...	...	1,795	...	...
3 persons	1,380	...	...	725	...	...
4 persons	1,585	...	...	590	...	...
5 or more persons	1,770	...	...	425	...	...
Number of persons in private households	29,930	...	...	12,420	...	...
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	22,585	11,030	11,555	10,405	4,915	5,490
Married or living common law	14,915	7,475	7,440	5,305	2,650	2,660
Married	14,235	7,145	7,095	4,280	2,145	2,140
Living common law	680	335	345	1,020	505	520
Not married and not living common law	7,675	3,560	4,115	5,095	2,265	2,835
Never married	5,560	2,970	2,585	3,225	1,715	1,510
Separated	385	145	240	320	140	185
Divorced	615	265	355	685	240	440
Widowed	1,110	180	935	870	175	695
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	7,990	...	...	3,425	...	...
2 persons	3,415	...	...	1,820	...	...
3 persons	1,370	...	...	715	...	...
4 persons	1,560	...	...	560	...	...
5 or more persons	1,645	...	...	325	...	...
Average size of census families	3.4	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	7,990	...	...	3,420	...	...
Total couple families	7,335	...	...	2,570	...	...
Married couples	6,995	...	...	2,060	...	...
Common-law couples	340	...	...	510	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	655	...	...	850	...	...
Female parent	515	...	...	700	...	...
Male parent	140	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	7,335	...	...	2,570	...	...
Couples without children	3,065	...	...	1,370	...	...
Couples with children	4,270	...	...	1,200	...	...
1 child	1,200	...	...	460	...	...
2 children	1,470	...	...	465	...	...
3 or more children	1,600	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	655	...	...	855	...	...
1 child	355	...	...	445	...	...
2 children	170	...	...	250	...	...
3 or more children	135	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,035	1,305	1,730	2,580	1,160	1,420
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
One-census-family households	7,755	...	...	3,270	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	2,985	...	...	1,340	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,770	...	...	1,930	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	115	...	...	75	...	...
Non-census-family households	2,395	...	...	2,085	...	...
One-person households	2,170	...	...	1,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	225	...	...	185	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	30,040	14,910	15,130	12,445	5,945	6,500
English only	28,155	14,065	14,085	11,675	5,595	6,085
French only	10	0	5	10	5	5
English and French	840	355	480	730	330	395
Neither English nor French	1,040	480	550	35	20	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	30,040	14,910	15,130	12,445	5,945	6,500
English	28,820	14,335	14,490	12,205	5,830	6,370
French	140	75	65	200	90	105
English and French	50	25	30	10	0	5
Neither English nor French	1,020	480	545	30	15	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	170	90	80	205	100	110
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.6	0.6	0.5	1.6	1.7	1.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	30,040	14,910	15,135	12,445	5,945	6,500
Single responses	29,535	14,680	14,855	12,270	5,860	6,415
Official languages	16,030	8,015	8,020	11,135	5,330	5,800
English	15,885	7,940	7,950	10,895	5,220	5,675
French	140	75	65	240	110	130
Non-official languages	13,510	6,665	6,845	1,135	530	610
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	175	65	110
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	165	60	105
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	15	5	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	140	55	90
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	140	55	90
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,505	6,665	6,835	960	460	495
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	35	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	35	35	5	5	0
Amharic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	55	25	25	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	10	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	90	85	180	85	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	5	5	0	0
Fijian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	80	75	175	80	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	65	35	30
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0	55	30	25
Tamil	10	5	0	5	5	5
Telugu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	13,025	6,415	6,615	630	300	330
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,565	805	755	140	60	80
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavic languages	1,560	805	750	135	60	80
Belarusan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	5	10	5	5
Russian	1,360	705	655	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	150	80	75	95	35	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	11,090	5,420	5,665	315	145	165
Afrikaans	25	15	5	10	5	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	50	25	20	20	5	15
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	11,000	5,370	5,630	275	135	140
Icelandic	5	5	0	5	5	5
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	0	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	80	85	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages	140	75	70	75	40	35
Bengali	5	0	0	5	5	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	15	5	5
Hindi	5	5	5	5	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	60	55	25	10	15
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	5	25	15	10
Iranian languages	25	10	10	5	0	5
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	200	90	105	95	55	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	5	5	0
Portuguese	20	15	10	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Spanish	165	75	90	80	45	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	25	20	15	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	5	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	5	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	40	15	5	5
Chinese languages	60	30	40	15	10	5
Cantonese	20	10	10	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	25	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	25	15	10
Lao	0	0	0	20	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	5	5	5
Hungarian	5	0	5	5	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	505	230	270	175	90	90
English and French	25	15	10	35	20	15
English and non-official language	475	210	265	140	70	75
French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	30,040	14,910	15,130	12,445	5,945	6,500
Single responses	28,385	14,120	14,265	12,195	5,830	6,365
Official languages	21,975	10,955	11,025	11,805	5,625	6,175
English	21,955	10,940	11,015	11,765	5,610	6,160
French	25	15	10	40	20	20
Non-official languages	6,410	3,165	3,240	390	205	190
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	35	15	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,405	3,165	3,240	360	190	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	40	25	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Bilen	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	30	20	0	0	0
Amharic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Arabic	40	25	20	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	45	35	90	50	40
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	40	35	90	45	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	5	35	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tamil	10	5	5	5	5	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,140	3,020	3,125	195	100	95
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	950	490	455	25	10	15
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages	945	490	455	25	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	5	0	0	0
Russian	840	440	405	15	10	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	40	40	15	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,925	2,390	2,540	45	25	20
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	5	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	4,610	2,225	2,385	45	20	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	285	150	135	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	65	65	50	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	115	60	55	45	25	20
Bengali	5	5	5	5	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	10	5	5
Hindi	5	0	5	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	20	10	5
Iranian languages	15	5	10	5	0	5
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	70	65	70	40	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Spanish	110	55	55	60	35	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	20	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	25	10	0	5
Chinese languages	35	15	20	10	5	5
Cantonese	15	5	5	0	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	10	5	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,655	790	865	245	115	135
English and French	20	10	10	15	5	10
English and non-official language	1,620	775	845	235	110	125
French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	30,040	14,910	15,130	12,445	5,945	6,500
None	23,255	11,585	11,675	11,690	5,595	6,095
English	2,500	1,215	1,280	200	105	95
French	125	60	70	150	65	85
Non-official language	4,040	1,990	2,050	395	175	220
Aboriginal	10	5	5	135	50	85
Non-Aboriginal	4,030	1,985	2,050	260	120	135
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	115	60	55	5	0	5
French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	22,230	10,900	11,330	9,885	4,645	5,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	21,150	10,415	10,740	9,510	4,465	5,040
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,646	40,018	22,555	33,626	40,235	29,368
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	21,155	10,415	10,740	9,510	4,465	5,045
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,589	35,046	21,173	30,109	34,851	26,935
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,210	10,000	9,210	8,460	4,090	4,365
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,585	38,661	19,983	31,118	38,087	25,403
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	15,195	6,670	8,520	7,130	2,995	4,140
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,093	1,176	6,069	6,963	4,928	8,091
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	16,660	9,110	7,550	6,800	3,465	3,335
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,707	38,702	21,498	33,269	39,696	28,634
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	22,230	10,900	11,330	9,870	4,635	5,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	21,040	10,325	10,725	9,430	4,395	5,035
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,280	44,575	28,296	39,806	45,230	35,073
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	21,045	10,320	10,720	9,430	4,395	5,035
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,084	37,498	24,909	33,773	37,611	30,423
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,190	9,920	9,270	8,415	4,005	4,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,450	42,810	25,506	37,402	44,003	31,416
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,225	6,700	8,530	7,085	2,955	4,135
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,728	5,294	7,855	8,540	7,658	9,170
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	16,660	9,080	7,580	6,785	3,360	3,425
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,775	42,141	25,947	38,354	44,253	32,565
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	22,230	10,900	11,330	9,870	4,635	5,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	8,015	5,460	2,555	3,225	1,755	1,465
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	43,035	46,465	35,375	47,442	53,846	43,363
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,336	51,985	40,551	53,396	59,002	46,661
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.8	92.3	78.6	83.9	89.2	77.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.6	82.6	65.1	69.7	75.7	62.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.2	7.7	21.5	16.1	10.7	22.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	22,230	10,895	11,330	9,885	4,645	5,235
Without total income	1,075	485	590	375	175	190
With total income	21,150	10,410	10,740	9,510	4,465	5,045
Percentage with total income	95.1	95.5	94.8	96.2	96.1	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,955	965	1,995	1,150	545	605
$10,000 to $19,999	4,030	1,255	2,775	1,555	575	980
$20,000 to $29,999	3,380	1,265	2,115	1,545	565	980
$30,000 to $39,999	3,175	1,715	1,460	1,300	535	770
$40,000 to $49,999	2,735	1,805	925	1,305	620	685
$50,000 to $59,999	1,620	1,135	480	905	510	390
$60,000 to $69,999	1,025	710	315	495	310	190
$70,000 to $79,999	755	510	245	435	270	165
$80,000 to $89,999	510	315	190	300	185	115
$90,000 to $99,999	290	210	75	165	105	60
$100,000 and over	680	520	160	350	240	110
$100,000 to $149,999	470	345	125	270	185	90
$150,000 and over	215	175	40	75	50	25
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	22,230	10,895	11,330	9,885	4,645	5,235
Without after-tax income	1,070	485	585	370	180	190
With after-tax income	21,155	10,415	10,740	9,510	4,470	5,045
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.6	94.8	96.2	96.2	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,020	985	2,040	1,185	550	630
$10,000 to $19,999	4,335	1,375	2,960	1,690	640	1,045
$20,000 to $29,999	4,175	1,710	2,465	1,865	700	1,165
$30,000 to $39,999	3,850	2,355	1,495	1,720	760	955
$40,000 to $49,999	2,465	1,690	770	1,270	705	565
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	920	415	740	435	305
$60,000 to $69,999	900	590	315	495	305	190
$70,000 to $79,999	445	320	120	235	150	90
$80,000 and over	625	470	155	315	220	100
$80,000 to $89,999	205	160	50	110	80	40
$90,000 to $99,999	125	90	35	80	55	25
$100,000 and over	290	225	70	125	85	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	22,230	10,900	11,330	9,880	4,645	5,235
Without employment income	5,565	1,790	3,775	3,085	1,180	1,900
With employment income	16,660	9,110	7,555	6,800	3,460	3,335
Percentage with employment income	74.9	83.6	66.7	68.8	74.5	63.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,915	735	1,185	795	360	430
$5,000 to $9,999	1,400	540	855	480	220	260
$10,000 to $19,999	2,470	970	1,505	880	375	505
$20,000 to $29,999	2,365	995	1,370	945	405	540
$30,000 to $39,999	2,575	1,535	1,040	865	380	490
$40,000 to $49,999	2,180	1,550	635	870	445	425
$50,000 to $59,999	1,265	960	310	595	370	225
$60,000 to $69,999	785	575	210	385	245	145
$70,000 to $79,999	575	405	170	320	220	100
$80,000 and over	1,130	845	280	660	440	220
$80,000 to $89,999	410	275	130	255	150	105
$90,000 to $99,999	225	165	55	135	90	45
$100,000 and over	495	405	90	270	200	75
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	10,260	...	...	5,435	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	64,806	...	...	57,563	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,570	...	...	50,768	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,165	...	...	1,905	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,240	...	...	33,434	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,637	...	...	29,670	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	8,095	...	...	3,535	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,782	...	...	76,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,652	...	...	66,478	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	10,265	...	...	5,430	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,381	...	...	69,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,727	...	...	58,621	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,150	...	...	1,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,136	...	...	37,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,300	...	...	32,398	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	8,110	...	...	3,515	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,525	...	...	86,209	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,328	...	...	72,917	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	140	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	360	...	...	270	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	460	...	...	315	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	375	...	...	280	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	470	...	...	265	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	515	...	...	295	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	475	...	...	300	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	495	...	...	260	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,095	...	...	495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	970	...	...	400	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	895	...	...	430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	790	...	...	330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	620	...	...	270	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,365	...	...	1,160	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,025	...	...	490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	600	...	...	315	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	465	...	...	235	...	...
$200,000 and over	275	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	200	...	...	150	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	380	...	...	285	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	515	...	...	355	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	430	...	...	340	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	585	...	...	335	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	590	...	...	360	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	610	...	...	315	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	635	...	...	310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,290	...	...	560	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,125	...	...	515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	960	...	...	380	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	700	...	...	330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	525	...	...	250	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,525	...	...	720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	815	...	...	395	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	360	...	...	190	...	...
$150,000 and over	345	...	...	140	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	7,965	...	...	3,405	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,320	...	...	76,598	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	66,223	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,965	...	...	1,310	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,632	...	...	77,568	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,489	...	...	66,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,275	...	...	1,215	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	81,527	...	...	102,443	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	72,103	...	...	87,398	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.5	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	605	...	...	795	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,328	...	...	44,224	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,064	...	...	41,376	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	7,990	...	...	3,385	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,170	...	...	86,148	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,987	...	...	72,817	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,975	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,526	...	...	85,996	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,785	...	...	71,884	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,270	...	...	1,205	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,434	...	...	110,875	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	79,282	...	...	92,497	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	615	...	...	775	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,317	...	...	50,855	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,515	...	...	46,053	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,645	1,120	1,525	2,275	1,015	1,255
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,744	35,243	26,074	32,279	35,413	30,771
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,901	30,566	24,717	28,951	30,720	27,904
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,625	1,150	1,475	2,285	1,010	1,275
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,665	36,688	33,098	36,791	38,468	35,459
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,086	31,234	29,197	31,618	32,372	31,018
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	29,930	14,855	15,070	12,420	5,925	6,495
In the bottom half of the distribution	20,525	10,060	10,470	7,605	3,455	4,155
In the bottom decile	2,505	1,210	1,295	1,685	735	950
In the second decile	5,510	2,600	2,905	1,560	650	915
In the third decile	4,990	2,450	2,540	1,490	690	800
In the fourth decile	3,995	1,990	2,005	1,500	705	790
In the fifth decile	3,525	1,805	1,720	1,365	675	690
In the top half of the distribution	9,410	4,800	4,605	4,815	2,475	2,340
In the sixth decile	2,720	1,400	1,325	1,280	655	630
In the seventh decile	2,455	1,270	1,185	1,165	595	565
In the eighth decile	1,910	970	940	1,135	580	550
In the ninth decile	1,390	690	695	845	435	405
In the top decile	930	465	460	390	210	185
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	29,930	14,860	15,075	12,420	5,925	6,495
0 to 17 years	9,210	4,755	4,460	3,030	1,535	1,490
0 to 5 years	3,175	1,620	1,560	1,085	560	525
18 to 64 years	17,245	8,555	8,690	7,245	3,490	3,755
65 years and over	3,475	1,550	1,925	2,155	900	1,255
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,355	2,500	2,855	2,515	1,055	1,460
0 to 17 years	2,305	1,170	1,130	950	465	485
0 to 5 years	965	485	485	415	210	200
18 to 64 years	2,345	1,085	1,260	1,200	485	710
65 years and over	705	240	465	370	105	265
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.9	16.8	18.9	20.2	17.8	22.5
0 to 17 years (%)	25.0	24.6	25.3	31.4	30.3	32.6
0 to 5 years (%)	30.4	29.9	31.1	38.2	37.5	38.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	12.7	14.5	16.6	13.9	18.9
65 years and over (%)	20.3	15.5	24.2	17.2	11.7	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,370	685	685	1,085	490	595
0 to 17 years	450	255	200	375	175	200
0 to 5 years	175	95	75	185	90	95
18 to 64 years	840	400	445	675	305	375
65 years and over	80	35	45	35	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.6	4.5	8.7	8.3	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	5.4	4.5	12.4	11.4	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	5.9	4.8	17.1	16.1	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	4.7	5.1	9.3	8.7	10.0
65 years and over (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3	1.6	1.7	1.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	29,930	14,800	15,135	12,385	5,920	6,465
Official languages	28,870	14,300	14,570	12,340	5,885	6,455
English	28,855	14,300	14,555	12,340	5,885	6,455
French	900	390	505	700	290	405
Non-official languages	14,940	7,365	7,580	1,325	625	695
Aboriginal languages	15	10	0	270	115	155
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	250	105	150
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	35	15	25
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	15	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	95	135
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	215	90	125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	20	15
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,925	7,355	7,570	1,055	510	540
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	40	30	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	15	15	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	70	40	30	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	65	30	35	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	25	15	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	190	90	100	230	110	120
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	15	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	90	90	230	110	120
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	100	55	45
Kannada	0	0	0	0	10	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	70	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	0
Telugu	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,460	7,105	7,355	660	310	350
Albanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,225	1,095	1,130	180	75	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,220	1,095	1,125	175	75	100
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	10	0	0	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	45	10	15	10	0
Russian	2,085	1,035	1,050	70	35	35
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	255	105	155	95	35	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	12,915	6,335	6,585	355	165	190
Afrikaans	65	30	30	10	10	0
Danish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	45	30	15	20	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	12,255	5,975	6,275	325	155	175
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,330	670	660	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	215	90	125	100	50	50
Indo-Aryan languages	195	75	120	100	50	50
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hindi	95	45	50	80	45	35
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	40	65	15	15	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	35	10	20	15	0	10
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	785	510	280	75	40	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Portuguese	45	30	15	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	735	480	260	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	45	35	45	20	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	30	20	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	15	10	0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages	35	15	25	10	10	0
Cantonese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	15	10	0
Lao	10	0	10	10	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	29,930	14,795	15,130	12,385	5,920	6,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	25,665	12,680	12,985	11,810	5,635	6,175
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,015	4,075	3,935	2,880	1,505	1,370
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,650	8,605	9,045	8,935	4,130	4,800
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,265	2,115	2,150	575	285	290
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	29,930	14,795	15,135	12,385	5,920	6,460
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	21,580	10,615	10,965	11,445	5,455	5,995
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,935	3,955	3,980	790	390	395
Before 1981	1,295	620	680	245	115	135
1981 to 1990	585	330	260	35	10	20
1991 to 2000	895	475	420	20	10	0
2001 to 2010	3,520	1,700	1,820	200	110	95
2001 to 2005	1,385	725	660	40	15	20
2006 to 2010	2,135	975	1,160	165	90	70
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,635	825	810	285	145	140
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	410	230	185	145	75	70
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,930	3,955	3,980	795	395	400
Under 5 years	1,450	740	710	95	70	25
5 to 14 years	2,360	1,150	1,205	135	70	65
15 to 24 years	1,290	630	665	155	60	90
25 to 44 years	2,230	1,110	1,125	350	170	185
45 years and over	605	320	285	55	25	30
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,930	3,955	3,980	795	395	395
Americas	3,680	1,870	1,810	115	60	55
Brazil	0	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	15	10	10
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	30	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,850	1,460	1,395	10	0	0
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	250	110	145	65	35	35
Other places of birth in Americas	520	275	245	20	15	10
Europe	2,740	1,365	1,375	265	125	140
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	20	0	10
Germany	1,555	745	815	65	45	25
Greece	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	10	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	10	0
Netherlands	10	10	10	10	0	10
Poland	10	10	0	10	0	0
Portugal	0	0	10	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	835	415	420	20	15	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	175	100	75	35	15	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	45	25	20	90	35	50
Other places of birth in Europe	75	50	25	10	0	10
Africa	165	105	65	20	20	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0	10	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	65	35	35	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	50	20	0	10	0
Asia	1,340	605	735	385	185	205
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	10	0	0	0
India	140	65	80	110	60	55
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	10	20	10	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	10	10	0
Philippines	165	80	80	200	85	120
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10	10	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	925	420	505	40	25	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,635	825	810	285	145	140
Americas	475	220	255	15	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	315	145	165	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	50	50	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	30	15	0	10
Europe	535	280	250	10	10	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	205	100	105	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	205	95	105	0	0	0
Ukraine	75	45	25	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	35	10	0	0	0
Africa	50	35	20	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	10	10	0
Asia	575	290	290	255	125	135
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	65	30	35	100	50	45
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	10	10	10
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Philippines	110	65	45	125	60	65
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	380	185	195	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	29,930	14,800	15,135	12,385	5,920	6,460
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,745	4,385	4,355	1,020	525	500
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,735	3,310	3,425	1,355	575	775
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	14,455	7,105	7,350	10,010	4,825	5,185
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	6,775	3,405	3,370	560	290	270
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,745	2,400	2,350	450	235	220
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,150	930	230	225	150	75
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,590	1,470	2,120	225	90	140
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,665	795	870	90	50	40
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	300	195	100	10	10	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	65	20	45	10	0	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	29,930	14,795	15,135	12,385	5,920	6,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	815	355	455	3,950	1,950	1,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	800	350	455	3,915	1,935	1,975
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	380	135	245	2,110	1,015	1,095
Métis	415	210	205	1,795	915	880
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	15	0	10	25	15	15
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	0	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	29,115	14,440	14,670	8,435	3,970	4,470
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	29,930	14,800	15,135	12,385	5,920	6,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	295	105	190	2,000	985	1,015
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	29,635	14,695	14,940	10,385	4,935	5,445
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	29,930	14,795	15,130	12,385	5,920	6,460
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	255	95	165	1,730	890	840
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	250	85	160	1,690	875	815
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	150	40	110	1,180	600	575
Métis single ancestry	90	40	50	510	275	235
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	10	0	35	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	10	0	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	780	335	450	2,005	955	1,055
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	760	315	445	1,895	920	985
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	205	95	115	735	325	410
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	545	225	320	1,165	590	575
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	20	20	10	110	40	70
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	10	115	40	70
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	28,895	14,370	14,520	8,650	4,075	4,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	29,930	14,795	15,130	12,385	5,920	6,465
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	970	520	450	645	335	305
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	225	95	125	200	110	95
Chinese	60	20	40	15	15	0
Black	150	120	25	70	50	20
Filipino	175	90	80	245	115	130
Latin American	100	55	50	35	15	15
Arab	30	15	10	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	0	10	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	70	35	30	0	0	0
Korean	85	50	45	40	20	25
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	30	25	10	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40	15	25	0	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	28,955	14,275	14,685	11,740	5,585	6,155
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	29,930	14,795	15,135	12,385	5,920	6,465
North American Aboriginal origins	1,035	425	610	3,740	1,840	1,890
First Nations (North American Indian)	385	155	230	2,065	980	1,080
Inuit	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis	665	285	380	1,825	915	905
Other North American origins	8,645	4,340	4,305	3,190	1,545	1,640
Acadian	0	0	0	10	0	0
American	210	95	115	80	25	55
Canadian	8,540	4,300	4,240	3,120	1,520	1,595
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	23,190	11,330	11,860	8,450	3,980	4,475
British Isles origins	4,140	1,985	2,155	5,695	2,630	3,070
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,610	1,280	1,330	3,400	1,535	1,865
Irish	1,350	615	735	2,200	1,000	1,200
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish	1,855	885	975	2,850	1,255	1,605
Welsh	125	50	70	190	75	115
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	195	80	110	140	65	75
French origins	1,050	500	545	1,580	690	890
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,050	505	545	1,580	690	890
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,615	7,630	7,985	2,565	1,235	1,325
Austrian	75	35	40	120	70	50
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	195	85	115	245	110	135
Dutch	3,075	1,510	1,565	550	235	315
Flemish	0	0	0	20	20	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	13,630	6,625	7,000	1,945	935	1,005
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	90	50	35	35	15	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	595	330	265	785	320	465
Danish	70	55	15	90	35	55
Finnish	25	20	0	40	15	25
Icelandic	275	160	120	235	110	125
Norwegian	135	60	80	225	90	135
Swedish	145	70	70	205	80	125
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15	10	0	45	15	30
Eastern European origins	9,925	4,960	4,960	2,155	1,050	1,105
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	80	40	35	0	0	0
Czech	110	50	60	20	0	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	35	30	0	30	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	30	35	70	35	35
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Moldovan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Polish	820	385	430	535	240	295
Romanian	50	35	20	20	0	15
Russian	7,545	3,865	3,680	365	195	170
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,365	1,130	1,230	1,505	695	815
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	20	20	10	10	0
Southern European origins	350	165	180	160	65	95
Albanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	20	30	10	0	10
Italian	100	50	50	75	20	50
Kosovar	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	10	0	10	0	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	70	35	35	10	10	0
Serbian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	125	75	50	45	20	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	140	65	80	85	35	50
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	60	15	40	50	25	25
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	75	40	35	35	10	25
Caribbean origins	120	80	40	55	35	25
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Jamaican	25	25	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	25	10	20	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	20	10	30	25	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,320	1,735	1,580	115	45	70
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	0	10	0	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belizean	45	35	15	0	0	0
Bolivian	85	65	20	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	3,095	1,630	1,470	80	25	50
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	180	70	110	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	0	10	10	10
Salvadorean	0	0	0	15	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	15	0	10
African origins	225	145	85	45	30	20
Central and West African origins	35	20	10	25	15	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	15	10	15	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	40	20	20	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Libyan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	85	55	30	0	0	0
Afrikaner	30	10	20	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	10	0	0	0	0
South African	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	15	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	70	50	20	25	15	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	70	50	20	15	10	10
Asian origins	975	465	510	570	285	285
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	365	170	190	25	15	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	20	15	10	0	10	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	15	10	0
Jordanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	175	85	95	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	110	55	55	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	240	100	135	210	110	100
Bangladeshi	15	0	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	165	75	90	190	100	90
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	30	10	15	15	0	10
Punjabi	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	10	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	380	190	185	335	160	170
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	65	30	35	45	25	20
Filipino	195	105	90	240	115	125
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	95	50	40	45	20	20
Laotian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	15	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
Owner	8,020	...	...	3,465	...	...
Renter	2,250	...	...	1,970	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
Condominium	1,060	...	...	195	...	...
Not condominium	9,205	...	...	5,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	85	...	...
1 bedroom	775	...	...	750	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,330	...	...	1,380	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,065	...	...	1,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,090	...	...	1,310	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	10,265	...	...	5,430	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,080	...	...	1,355	...	...
5 rooms	1,450	...	...	890	...	...
6 rooms	1,330	...	...	875	...	...
7 rooms	1,245	...	...	740	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,165	...	...	1,570	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	10,260	...	...	5,435	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,005	...	...	5,360	...	...
More than 1 person per room	265	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	10,265	...	...	5,435	...	...
Suitable	9,845	...	...	5,150	...	...
Not suitable	425	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	10,265	...	...	5,430	...	...
1960 or before	1,185	...	...	1,800	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,675	...	...	2,140	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,225	...	...	720	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,255	...	...	300	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,025	...	...	170	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,505	...	...	135	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,400	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	10,265	...	...	5,430	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	9,850	...	...	4,905	...	...
Major repairs needed	415	...	...	525	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	10,265	...	...	5,430	...	...
1 household maintainer	6,190	...	...	3,715	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,885	...	...	1,635	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	190	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	10,260	...	...	5,435	...	...
15 to 24 years	515	...	...	225	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,915	...	...	850	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,900	...	...	785	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,865	...	...	960	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,755	...	...	1,025	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,130	...	...	775	...	...
75 to 84 years	790	...	...	530	...	...
85 years and over	400	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	10,080	...	...	5,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,315	...	...	4,480	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,765	...	...	935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,625	...	...	840	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,870	...	...	3,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.8	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.2	...	...	6.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,010	...	...	773	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,026	...	...	867	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,173	...	...	190,038	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	265,755	...	...	203,477	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,240	...	...	1,965	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.8	...	...	22.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.3	...	...	35.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	837	...	...	695	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	834	...	...	743	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	22,230	10,895	11,330	9,870	4,635	5,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,090	4,250	3,845	2,790	1,465	1,325
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	6,490	3,105	3,385	3,005	1,380	1,625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,650	3,545	4,110	4,075	1,795	2,285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,510	1,030	480	790	575	215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	700	455	240	350	195	160
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	810	575	240	440	385	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,315	1,235	2,080	1,860	630	1,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	245	285	205	85	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,300	1,035	1,265	1,215	495	715
Bachelor's degree	1,565	675	895	915	345	570
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	335	170	165	110	40	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	35	45	20	20	0
Master's degree	290	145	145	145	80	65
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25	10	10	25	15	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	14,010	6,945	7,065	6,160	2,950	3,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,040	2,260	1,780	1,160	705	450
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,155	1,945	2,210	1,960	910	1,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,805	2,735	3,070	3,045	1,340	1,710
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,075	735	340	530	395	140
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	460	310	150	235	145	90
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	610	425	190	295	250	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,460	965	1,500	1,440	500	940
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	375	190	185	120	45	75
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,900	845	1,050	955	400	555
Bachelor's degree	1,280	560	720	740	290	450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	270	130	140	80	30	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	30	50	10	15	0
Master's degree	255	115	135	105	60	45
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	10	10	15	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	22,230	10,900	11,330	9,870	4,630	5,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	14,580	7,355	7,225	5,795	2,845	2,955
Education	1,060	305	760	420	105	315
13. Education	1,060	305	760	420	105	320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130	55	75	95	45	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	15	35	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	100	40	65	60	10	45
Humanities	445	215	230	140	70	70
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	0	25	10	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	20	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	20	50	50	20	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	125	100	30	20	15
54. History	55	30	25	40	20	10
55. French language and literature/letters	20	15	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	545	145	405	310	85	225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	20	10	20	25	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	230	10	215	110	0	105
22. Legal professions and studies	45	10	45	45	0	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	15	0	15	10	10
42. Psychology	80	25	50	30	15	15
45. Social sciences	145	70	75	70	25	40
Business, management and public administration	1,135	405	735	870	255	615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	25	65	85	20	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,045	375	665	780	230	550
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	30	55	60	20	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	15	30	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	0	10	30	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	15	10	10	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	100	55	65	35	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	90	25	60	30	25
25. Library science	15	0	15	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	20	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,640	1,545	100	730	695	35
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	10	0	0	0
14. Engineering	200	170	30	65	60	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	255	205	50	110	110	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	415	415	0	220	220	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	510	500	10	280	265	20
48. Precision production	245	240	0	50	50	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	310	45	125	90	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	340	295	40	110	85	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	15	10	10
Health and related fields	1,610	255	1,355	975	225	750
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	70	45	20	40	30	10
51. Health professions and related programs	1,525	205	1,320	930	190	740
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	10	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	485	190	295	285	165	120
12. Personal and culinary services	355	60	295	165	50	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	45	45	0	60	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	85	0	45	45	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	14,005	6,950	7,065	6,165	2,950	3,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,200	4,205	3,990	3,115	1,615	1,505
Education	775	235	540	280	70	210
13. Education	770	235	535	285	75	210
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	40	50	60	20	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	0	15	10	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	70	35	35	45	10	35
Humanities	330	155	175	95	60	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	10	20	0	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	10	25	35	20	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	95	75	25	15	15
54. History	45	20	30	25	15	10
55. French language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	405	100	305	275	70	205
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	15	15	15	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	180	10	170	90	0	90
22. Legal professions and studies	35	0	35	45	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	10	0	10	10	0
42. Psychology	50	15	35	25	10	15
45. Social sciences	110	55	55	70	25	45
Business, management and public administration	870	330	540	680	215	460
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	70	20	55	75	20	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	795	315	485	595	195	400
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	30	45	40	15	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	15	25	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	15	15	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	10	0	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	80	40	55	20	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95	75	20	50	25	30
25. Library science	10	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	15	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,285	1,205	85	560	525	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	180	155	25	60	60	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	205	160	40	95	90	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	330	330	0	155	155	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	385	380	0	195	180	15
48. Precision production	180	175	0	50	45	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	235	40	85	55	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	265	225	40	80	60	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	15	0	10	0	10
Health and related fields	1,230	190	1,040	715	155	565
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	65	40	20	30	20	15
51. Health professions and related programs	1,150	140	1,005	685	135	550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	10	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	360	140	220	195	125	75
12. Personal and culinary services	260	35	225	105	40	65
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	35	35	0	50	45	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	40	35	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	22,225	10,895	11,330	9,870	4,635	5,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,580	7,355	7,225	5,795	2,840	2,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	7,650	3,545	4,105	4,070	1,790	2,285
Location of study inside Canada	6,065	2,680	3,385	3,645	1,580	2,065
Same as province or territory of residence	5,470	2,370	3,095	3,080	1,295	1,785
Different than province or territory of residence	595	305	290	565	290	280
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,585	865	720	425	215	215
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	125	85	50	60	40	20
Philippines	90	45	45	130	55	80
India	80	30	50	90	35	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	15	0	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other	1,265	690	575	115	70	45
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	14,010	6,950	7,060	6,165	2,955	3,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,200	4,205	3,990	3,115	1,615	1,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	5,810	2,740	3,070	3,050	1,335	1,710
Location of study inside Canada	4,340	1,945	2,395	2,670	1,150	1,525
Same as province or territory of residence	3,900	1,715	2,180	2,290	950	1,345
Different than province or territory of residence	440	230	215	375	200	185
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,470	795	675	375	190	185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	95	45	50	35	25	15
Philippines	85	45	40	125	55	65
India	75	30	45	80	40	45
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20	15	0	20	15	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other	1,200	660	540	110	60	45
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	22,230	10,895	11,330	9,870	4,635	5,235
In the labour force	15,375	8,735	6,635	6,090	3,085	3,010
Employed	14,460	8,285	6,170	5,650	2,850	2,805
Unemployed	920	455	465	440	235	210
Not in the labour force	6,850	2,160	4,695	3,780	1,550	2,230
Participation rate	69.2	80.2	58.6	61.7	66.6	57.5
Employment rate	65.0	76.0	54.5	57.2	61.5	53.6
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.2	7.0	7.2	7.6	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	22,230	10,900	11,330	9,870	4,635	5,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	6,095	1,915	4,185	3,390	1,410	1,980
Worked	16,130	8,985	7,145	6,475	3,220	3,255
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	8,225	5,585	2,640	3,295	1,810	1,485
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	7,910	3,400	4,510	3,185	1,415	1,770
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	44.7	41.0	42.1	42.4	41.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	15,375	8,735	6,635	6,095	3,085	3,005
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	200	75	125	80	20	65
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	15,175	8,665	6,515	6,010	3,060	2,950
Employee	13,100	7,285	5,820	5,595	2,775	2,825
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,075	1,380	700	415	290	125
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	15,380	8,740	6,635	6,090	3,085	3,010
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	200	75	120	80	25	60
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	15,180	8,665	6,510	6,010	3,060	2,945
0 Management occupations	1,520	1,120	400	560	360	205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,635	545	1,095	770	160	610
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	415	350	60	220	160	60
3 Health occupations	1,065	150	925	640	130	505
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,495	415	1,080	925	300	630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	215	90	115	85	35	45
6 Sales and service occupations	3,165	1,160	2,005	1,405	650	760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,220	3,040	180	985	935	55
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	615	440	175	110	100	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,830	1,350	475	305	230	75
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	15,375	8,740	6,635	6,090	3,085	3,010
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	200	75	125	85	20	60
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	15,175	8,660	6,515	6,010	3,060	2,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,080	785	295	195	165	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	10	10	0
22 Utilities	45	45	0	50	50	0
23 Construction	1,405	1,265	145	445	380	65
31-33 Manufacturing	2,875	2,255	625	525	390	135
41 Wholesale trade	515	435	80	155	110	45
44-45 Retail trade	1,665	785	875	695	380	315
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	820	710	110	230	215	15
51 Information and cultural industries	140	70	65	80	40	40
52 Finance and insurance	290	120	170	240	65	175
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	130	85	50	50	10	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	505	265	245	130	45	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	335	175	165	170	125	40
61 Educational services	1,135	370	765	505	160	345
62 Health care and social assistance	1,930	270	1,665	1,160	265	890
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	120	65	55	55	30	25
72 Accommodation and food services	925	270	655	500	210	290
81 Other services (except public administration)	840	450	395	275	150	120
91 Public administration	390	230	155	540	250	290
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	14,455	8,285	6,170	5,650	2,850	2,805
Worked at home	1,150	545	610	140	65	75
Worked outside Canada	80	55	30	25	30	0
No fixed workplace address	1,760	1,480	280	535	415	120
Worked at usual place	11,460	6,200	5,260	4,950	2,345	2,605
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	11,465	6,205	5,260	4,950	2,345	2,605
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,365	3,435	2,925	3,655	1,550	2,110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,795	2,560	2,230	870	500	370
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	265	170	90	415	285	130
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	15	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	13,220	7,685	5,535	5,485	2,760	2,725
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,335	6,645	4,695	4,350	2,200	2,150
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	790	455	330	505	230	275
Public transit	100	50	55	20	10	10
Walked	600	255	350	470	225	240
Bicycle	275	215	55	65	50	15
Other method	115	70	50	85	40	45
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	13,220	7,685	5,535	5,485	2,755	2,725
Less than 15 minutes	8,725	4,890	3,835	3,940	1,815	2,130
15 to 29 minutes	3,405	1,995	1,405	985	560	420
30 to 44 minutes	610	420	190	150	95	55
45 to 59 minutes	165	100	65	85	35	45
60 minutes and over	320	280	40	325	245	75
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	13,225	7,685	5,535	5,485	2,760	2,730
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	565	450	120	300	185	120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,275	2,420	855	930	570	360
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,685	2,470	1,210	1,610	885	725
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,950	1,200	1,750	1,405	510	885
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	905	310	595	475	165	305
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,840	835	1,005	765	440	325
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	16,565	9,160	7,395	6,685	3,335	3,355
Single responses	16,235	8,970	7,265	6,665	3,330	3,330
Official languages	15,690	8,640	7,055	6,640	3,325	3,315
English	15,670	8,625	7,040	6,610	3,315	3,300
French	25	10	15	25	0	15
Non-official languages	545	335	210	25	10	20
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	540	335	210	20	0	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	535	330	210	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	465	285	175	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	295	170	125	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	170	115	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	325	190	130	25	0	25
English and French	25	0	15	15	0	10
English and non-official language	300	185	115	15	0	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	16,560	9,160	7,395	6,685	3,335	3,355
None	14,215	7,755	6,465	6,535	3,265	3,270
English	325	215	115	20	0	15
French	75	15	65	45	15	30
Non-official language	1,920	1,175	750	90	50	40
Aboriginal	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal	1,925	1,170	755	65	40	25
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	29,485	14,595	14,885	12,210	5,840	6,365
Non-movers	25,160	12,520	12,640	10,290	4,925	5,360
Movers	4,325	2,075	2,245	1,925	920	1,005
Non-migrants	2,200	1,090	1,110	1,175	580	590
Migrants	2,120	985	1,135	755	340	415
Internal migrants	1,655	750	905	650	300	355
Intraprovincial migrants	1,430	655	770	500	230	275
Interprovincial migrants	225	95	130	150	65	80
External migrants	465	235	230	100	40	55
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	27,350	13,480	13,870	11,490	5,505	5,985
Non-movers	15,505	7,645	7,865	6,790	3,200	3,590
Movers	11,845	5,835	6,015	4,705	2,310	2,390
Non-migrants	5,430	2,670	2,765	2,715	1,365	1,350
Migrants	6,415	3,165	3,250	1,985	945	1,040
Internal migrants	4,560	2,180	2,370	1,615	765	850
Intraprovincial migrants	3,880	1,830	2,045	1,250	595	660
Interprovincial migrants	680	360	325	365	170	190
External migrants	1,855	980	875	370	180	195

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Winkler [Census agglomeration], Manitoba and Portage la Prairie [Population centre], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winkler [Census agglomeration], Manitoba and Portage la Prairie [Population centre], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Winkler [Census agglomeration], Manitoba and Portage la Prairie [Population centre], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winkler [Census agglomeration], Manitoba and Portage la Prairie [Population centre], Manitoba