Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest Territories [Territory] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Northwest Territories [Territory]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Northwest Territories [Territory] Map : Northwest Territories [Territory] Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	41,786	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	41,462	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.8	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	17,666	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,981	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.0	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,143,793.86	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	41,785	21,280	20,510	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	8,875	4,475	4,395	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	3,120	1,605	1,515	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	3,015	1,520	1,495	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	2,740	1,350	1,385	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	29,690	15,090	14,600	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	2,715	1,405	1,310	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	3,065	1,635	1,430	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	3,465	1,755	1,710	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	3,385	1,670	1,720	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	3,215	1,565	1,650	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	2,825	1,365	1,460	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	2,880	1,485	1,400	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	3,200	1,620	1,575	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	2,825	1,480	1,345	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	2,105	1,110	1,000	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	3,220	1,715	1,510	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	1,410	785	630	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	820	450	370	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	465	230	235	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	300	155	145	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	225	95	130	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	150	65	80	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	55	25	35	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	20	5	10	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	0	0	5	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.2	21.0	21.4	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	71.1	70.9	71.2	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	7.7	8.1	7.4	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	0.5	0.4	0.6	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	34.9	35.1	34.8	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	34.0	34.0	34.1	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,980	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	8,625	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	450	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	5,400	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	975	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	1,595	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	385	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,375	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	505	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	3,640	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	4,305	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	2,680	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	2,425	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	1,935	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	41,135	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	32,910	16,800	16,110	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	17,955	9,010	8,945	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	11,585	5,840	5,735	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	6,375	3,165	3,205	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	14,955	7,790	7,165	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	11,840	6,570	5,270	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	800	365	435	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	1,315	575	735	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	1,010	280	730	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	11,105	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	4,835	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	2,730	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	2,230	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	1,305	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	11,110	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	8,695	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	5,510	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	3,185	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,410	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	1,790	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	620	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,700	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	3,395	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	5,300	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	2,105	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	1,990	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	1,205	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,410	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	1,440	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	625	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	345	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,125	3,975	3,150	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,980	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	9,930	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,080	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	6,850	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	565	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,480	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	3,640	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	840	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	41,375	21,055	20,325	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	36,845	18,945	17,900	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	60	30	30	535	255	280
English and French	4,275	1,985	2,295	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	195	90	105	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	41,375	21,050	20,325	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	39,875	20,255	19,620	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	1,165	625	540	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	150	85	65	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	195	90	100	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,240	665	570	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.0	3.2	2.8	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	41,380	21,050	20,330	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	40,565	20,675	19,890	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	32,940	16,920	16,020	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	31,765	16,290	15,470	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	1,175	630	550	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	7,625	3,755	3,875	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	4,635	2,270	2,360	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	145	65	80	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	5	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	130	60	70	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	15	10
Plains Cree	5	0	5	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	250	115	135
Woods Cree	0	0	0	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	120	55	65	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	935	445	490
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	5	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	3,875	1,950	1,930	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	3,875	1,945	1,930	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	440	250	190	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,600	820	775	0	0	0
Gwich'in	140	60	90	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,690	820	870	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	745	365	380	0	0	0
South Slavey	775	375	395	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	175	80	90	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	600	250	350	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	470	210	265	5	5	0
Inuktitut	110	30	80	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	5	0	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	235	110	125
Salish languages	0	5	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Dakota	0	0	0	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,990	1,480	1,510	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	140	70	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	5	0	0	10	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	50	40	10	1,050	505	545
Bilen	0	0	0	55	25	30
Oromo	0	0	0	195	100	90
Somali	45	40	10	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Semitic languages	160	105	60	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	20	10	10	290	140	155
Arabic	120	75	50	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	75	75
Harari	0	5	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	0	5	0	75	45	30
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	20	15	5	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	75	90	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	135	70	70
Vietnamese	160	75	85	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	910	380	525	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	5	0	5	85	40	40
Cebuano	60	25	35	1,545	685	855
Fijian	0	0	0	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	255	120	140
Ilocano	70	25	45	790	370	415
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	175	80	95
Pangasinan	5	0	0	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	745	320	430	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	265	125	140
Creole languages	40	25	15	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	60	40	25	1,560	865	700
Kannada	0	0	0	60	35	30
Malayalam	25	15	5	850	455	395
Tamil	20	10	5	350	200	150
Telugu	15	10	10	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,045	540	500	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	10	5	0	380	190	190
Armenian	45	25	25	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	220	120	100	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	0	0	5	175	85	90
Latvian	0	0	0	100	45	50
Lithuanian	0	0	5	75	40	35
Slavic languages	220	125	100	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	225	110	120
Bulgarian	10	5	5	65	35	30
Croatian	15	10	5	455	240	220
Czech	15	5	10	235	115	125
Macedonian	5	5	5	55	30	30
Polish	45	30	20	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	40	20	20	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	15	10	5	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	120	60	65
Slovak	25	10	10	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	80	40	45
Ukrainian	35	15	15	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	145	145
Celtic languages	10	5	5	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Welsh	5	5	5	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	5
Germanic languages	270	125	145	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	20	5	15	880	450	430
Danish	5	5	0	255	145	110
Dutch	55	25	30	1,385	685	700
Frisian	0	0	0	30	20	10
German	170	80	90	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	5	0	5	55	20	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	310	140	165
Swedish	10	5	5	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	60	25	35
Yiddish	0	0	0	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	20	10	10	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	285	155	125	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	245	140	110	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	70	40	30	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	15	10	5	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	40	20	20	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	35	15	10
Marathi	5	0	0	140	80	55
Nepali	20	10	10	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	30	20	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	0	0	0	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	270	130	135
Urdu	45	20	25	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	35	15	20	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	0	0	0	145	80	65
Pashto	5	0	0	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	15	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	190	95	95	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	50	35	15	705	365	340
Portuguese	25	10	15	615	265	350
Romanian	10	5	5	850	425	430
Spanish	105	50	60	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	60	20	45	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Korean	40	20	20	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Mongolian	5	0	0	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	135	80	60	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	190	115	75
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ewe	0	5	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	5
Ga	0	0	0	20	15	5
Ganda	10	10	0	35	15	20
Igbo	5	5	0	215	125	90
Lingala	5	5	0	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	115	55	60
Shona	40	20	15	90	55	40
Swahili	5	0	0	425	220	205
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	5	0	0	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	335	195	140
Dinka	0	0	0	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	220	120	100
Sign languages	5	5	0	200	100	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	120	130	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	250	120	125	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	110	55	55	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	0	0	5	35	20	15
Mandarin	60	30	30	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	40	35	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,040	530	505
Burmese	0	0	0	180	115	65
Karenic languages	0	0	0	810	395	415
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	525	235	290
Lao	5	0	0	345	175	170
Thai	5	0	0	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	10	10
Turkish	5	5	0	290	155	130
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uzbek	5	5	0	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uralic languages	30	20	10	1,555	735	820
Estonian	5	0	0	20	10	10
Finnish	10	5	5	205	85	120
Hungarian	20	15	5	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	100	55	45
Multiple responses	815	375	440	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	145	65	75	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	630	285	345	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	35	20	15	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	41,380	21,055	20,325	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	40,290	20,550	19,740	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	36,905	18,780	18,125	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	36,270	18,465	17,810	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	635	315	315	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	3,385	1,765	1,620	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	2,045	1,080	965	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	20	5	5	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	95	40	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,950	1,040	915	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,950	1,035	915	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	160	85	70	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	470	0	0	0
Gwich'in	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	745	385	360	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	185	160	0	0	0
South Slavey	320	160	160	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	70	30	40	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	55	20	30	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	10	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,340	685	655	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	90	40	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	30	0	720	335	380
Bilen	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oromo	0	0	0	140	75	70
Somali	35	35	0	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	95	60	35	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	10	5	5	150	75	70
Arabic	75	45	25	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	115	60	55
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	55	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	40	20	25
Vietnamese	105	50	55	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	455	215	235	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	20	10	15	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5	110	60	50
Ilocano	20	5	10	240	115	120
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	190	215	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45
Creole languages	15	10	5	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	845	440	410
Kannada	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malayalam	15	10	5	525	265	260
Tamil	5	5	5	155	90	65
Telugu	10	0	0	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	350	170	175	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	0	0	0	205	100	100
Armenian	25	10	15	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	30	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Slavic languages	55	25	30	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	85	45	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Croatian	0	0	0	170	85	85
Czech	5	0	5	30	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Polish	10	5	5	480	220	255
Russian	20	10	10	1,725	875	840
Serbian	5	5	0	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slovak	5	0	5	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	45	20	20	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	10	0	5	530	275	250
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Dutch	5	0	5	200	110	95
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	25	15	15	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Greek	5	5	0	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	170	90	80	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	155	85	70	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	40	25	20	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	10	5	5	1,585	865	720
Hindi	15	10	5	880	490	390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	55	30	30
Nepali	20	10	10	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	25	15	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	0	0	0	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	140	70	70
Urdu	35	20	15	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	20	5	10	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	0	0	0	65	40	30
Pashto	0	0	0	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	20	10	10	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	30	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	155	80	75
Portuguese	5	0	5	220	100	115
Romanian	5	5	0	315	165	150
Spanish	30	15	20	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Japanese	50	20	25	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	55	30	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	0	0	5	40	15	20
Lingala	0	0	0	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	35	15	25
Shona	15	5	10	35	25	15
Swahili	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wolof	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
Dinka	0	0	0	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	40
Sign languages	5	5	5	285	175	105
American Sign Language	0	0	5	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	70	65	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	135	70	65	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	55	30	25	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	20	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	775	380	395
Burmese	0	0	0	115	65	55
Karenic languages	0	0	0	640	310	335
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	190	85	105
Lao	5	0	0	125	60	60
Thai	0	0	0	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	170	90	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	240	125	120
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Multiple responses	1,090	500	585	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	125	55	70	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	930	430	495	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	15	5	5	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	25	10	15	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	41,375	21,050	20,325	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	34,235	17,535	16,700	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	2,180	1,145	1,030	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	785	365	425	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	4,105	1,970	2,135	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	2,995	1,440	1,555	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	1,110	530	580	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	15	5	5	170	85	85
English and non-official language	15	10	10	860	440	420
French and non-official language	45	25	25	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	32,330	16,470	15,855	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	31,290	15,980	15,315	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,618	54,924	46,322	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	31,295	15,980	15,310	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,254	48,505	41,935	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	28,515	14,760	13,750	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,324	58,388	49,104	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	30,555	15,590	14,965	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	948	943	1,794	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,150	14,125	13,030	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,161	57,762	48,970	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	32,325	16,470	15,855	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	31,265	15,995	15,275	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,586	70,000	58,918	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	31,270	15,995	15,275	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,344	56,951	49,567	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	28,545	14,780	13,770	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	65,472	71,244	59,277	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	30,535	15,630	14,900	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,924	4,259	5,622	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,155	14,110	13,040	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	63,796	69,117	58,040	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	32,325	16,475	15,855	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	13,570	7,190	6,375	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	86,780	91,659	81,218	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	91,177	96,979	84,636	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.6	94.2	90.5	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	85.3	86.5	83.9	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.4	5.8	9.5	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	32,325	16,470	15,855	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	1,035	495	540	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	31,290	15,980	15,310	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	96.8	97.0	96.6	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,455	2,335	2,120	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	3,655	1,750	1,910	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	3,100	1,430	1,670	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	2,290	1,065	1,220	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	2,025	930	1,095	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	1,830	895	935	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	1,730	855	875	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	1,620	750	870	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	1,560	690	870	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,495	735	760	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	7,520	4,535	2,980	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	5,685	3,250	2,435	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	1,835	1,290	550	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	32,330	16,470	15,855	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	1,040	490	540	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	31,290	15,980	15,310	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,495	2,350	2,145	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	3,755	1,805	1,950	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	3,395	1,580	1,815	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	2,710	1,245	1,465	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	2,455	1,195	1,260	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	2,285	1,145	1,140	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	2,130	940	1,195	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090	1,020	1,075	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	7,965	4,700	3,265	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060	1,030	1,035	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,930	1,080	850	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	3,970	2,595	1,380	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	32,325	16,470	15,855	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	5,180	2,350	2,830	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	27,155	14,125	13,025	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	84.0	85.8	82.2	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,295	1,675	1,615	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	1,825	945	880	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	2,625	1,255	1,370	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	1,940	965	975	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	1,765	850	920	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	1,650	795	855	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	1,520	765	755	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	1,480	705	775	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	1,505	685	825	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	9,545	5,495	4,050	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	1,470	655	815	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	1,385	715	670	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	6,685	4,120	2,565	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	117,688	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	99,664	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,640	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	62,098	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	53,862	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	11,340	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	141,399	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	119,496	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,980	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	134,794	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	111,332	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,640	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	73,309	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,172	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	11,340	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	154,528	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	127,752	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	405	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	485	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	390	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	335	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	385	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	320	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	295	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	615	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	590	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	580	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	680	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	590	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,660	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,635	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,525	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,260	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,240	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	290	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	410	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	510	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	390	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	385	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	415	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	370	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	345	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	760	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	725	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	855	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	855	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	830	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,465	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,970	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,540	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,955	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	10,770	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	138,515	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	117,120	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,990	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	140,928	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	118,323	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	5,330	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	166,071	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	139,235	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,015	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	71,680	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,939	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	10,750	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	151,967	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	125,470	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,960	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	156,606	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	126,428	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	5,325	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	175,858	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	145,333	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,005	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	83,886	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	72,465	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,695	3,240	2,460	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	55,744	53,959	57,808	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	48,923	47,588	50,611	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,695	3,325	2,375	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	67,699	66,575	69,271	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,001	54,960	57,458	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	13,210	6,735	6,475	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	3,475	1,785	1,695	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	2,810	1,420	1,385	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	2,275	1,175	1,095	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	2,225	1,145	1,085	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	2,430	1,210	1,220	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	27,925	14,170	13,755	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	2,355	1,205	1,155	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	3,090	1,550	1,540	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	3,990	2,000	1,990	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	6,545	3,270	3,280	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	11,940	6,145	5,790	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	0	0	0	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	0	0	0	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	0	0	0	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	0	0	0	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	...	...	...	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	...	...	...	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	...	...	...	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	...	...	...	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	...	...	...	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	0	0	0	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	...	...	...	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	...	...	...	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	...	...	...	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	...	...	...	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	...	...	...	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	40,865	20,780	20,085	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	40,815	20,765	20,055	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	4,265	1,910	2,350	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	10,750	5,305	5,445	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	6,535	3,235	3,295	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	250	125	115	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	10	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	210	110	95	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	15
Plains Cree	10	0	0	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	470	185	285
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	210	110	95	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	20	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	15	20	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5,405	2,720	2,690	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	5,400	2,720	2,685	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	630	340	285	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,285	1,175	1,110	0	0	0
Gwich'in	250	115	135	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,365	1,130	1,230	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	970	455	510	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,140	550	585	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	475	230	240	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	900	400	500	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	740	340	400	0	0	0
Inuktitut	135	50	85	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	510	255	250
Dakota	0	0	0	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,245	2,090	2,160	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	180	105	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	35	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	30	25	15	1,305	620	690
Bilen	0	0	0	85	40	45
Oromo	0	0	0	160	70	90
Somali	30	20	10	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	245	150	95	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	25	10	15	545	255	290
Arabic	195	125	65	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0	470	245	230
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	100	120	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	210	105	105
Vietnamese	215	95	120	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,120	490	630	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	10	0	0	90	30	55
Cebuano	55	20	35	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	285	130	150
Ilocano	120	45	75	785	365	415
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	265	130	135
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,075	470	605	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	145	155
Creole languages	95	45	50	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	25	30	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	65	40	20	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	0	0	0	115	65	55
Malayalam	45	30	15	1,170	625	540
Tamil	0	10	0	635	345	290
Telugu	15	10	0	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,760	920	845	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	0	0	0	560	275	285
Armenian	15	10	10	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	245	140	110	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	10	0	0	225	120	110
Latvian	0	0	0	135	60	70
Lithuanian	0	0	10	95	60	35
Slavic languages	245	135	105	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	0	0	0	20	0	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	325	155	165
Bulgarian	0	0	10	75	40	35
Croatian	20	10	10	605	355	250
Czech	15	15	0	300	155	150
Macedonian	20	10	10	65	35	35
Polish	55	35	20	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	70	35	30	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	10	0	0	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	80	30	50
Slovak	35	15	15	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	105	50	50
Ukrainian	25	15	10	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	205	140
Celtic languages	0	10	0	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	55	35	25
Welsh	0	0	0	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	45	20
Germanic languages	475	245	230	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	15	0	10	1,455	750	705
Danish	10	10	0	320	195	125
Dutch	60	35	25	1,510	720	790
Frisian	0	10	0	25	15	15
German	390	200	195	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	0	0	0	70	40	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	415	180	235
Swedish	15	0	10	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	135	125
Greek	10	0	0	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	470	260	205	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	415	240	175	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	140	75	65	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	15	20	0	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	130	75	55	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	20
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	15
Marathi	0	0	0	185	120	70
Nepali	20	10	10	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	60	45	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	10	0	0	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	355	205	150
Urdu	120	70	55	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	55	20	30	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	0	0	0	145	90	60
Pashto	0	0	0	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	55	20	30	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	625	300	320	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Italian	95	55	35	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	55	35	20	885	380	505
Romanian	0	0	10	1,105	525	575
Spanish	505	230	270	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	40	30	10
Japanese	125	30	95	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Georgian	0	0	10	15	0	10
Korean	100	45	50	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	10	0	0	55	20	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	225	130	95	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	355	185	170
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	20	0	20
Ewe	10	0	0	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	60	45	15
Ga	0	0	0	45	25	15
Ganda	30	30	0	20	10	10
Igbo	15	15	10	625	325	300
Lingala	0	0	0	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	125	65	55
Shona	65	30	30	150	90	55
Swahili	10	10	0	950	570	380
Wolof	0	0	0	40	25	15
Yoruba	15	10	0	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	300	150	145
Dinka	0	0	0	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	90	105
Sign languages	40	20	20	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	30	15	15	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	95	145	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	235	95	140	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	100	45	55	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	10	0	0	30	10	20
Mandarin	80	35	45	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	20	40	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	960	495	460
Burmese	0	0	0	315	185	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	635	310	325
Tibetan	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	635	245	385
Lao	10	10	0	410	170	240
Thai	10	10	0	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	0	0	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	20	10
Turkish	10	0	10	530	310	220
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	30	20	10	1,765	850	915
Estonian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Finnish	10	10	0	360	170	190
Hungarian	20	10	10	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	39,585	20,145	19,435	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,235	5,130	5,105	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	29,345	15,020	14,335	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,555	755	790	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	37,140	18,865	18,275	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,690	1,875	1,815	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	705	390	315	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	410	205	205	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	620	355	265	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	1,135	530	610	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	510	260	255	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	625	270	355	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	815	400	420	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	310	170	145	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,690	1,875	1,815	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	370	195	175	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	660	385	275	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	730	385	345	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	1,600	740	860	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	335	175	160	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,685	1,875	1,815	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	450	205	245	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	10	10	10	185	65	120
Colombia	15	10	10	555	275	280
El Salvador	25	10	10	630	290	340
Guyana	10	0	0	155	75	85
Haiti	10	0	0	65	45	20
Jamaica	80	35	45	815	425	395
Mexico	20	10	15	1,330	665	665
Peru	10	10	0	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	220	110	110	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	30	1,805	955	845
Europe	770	455	315	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	455	215	245
Croatia	15	15	0	445	280	165
France	35	30	10	215	90	125
Germany	130	75	55	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	10	10	0	605	325	280
Hungary	10	10	0	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	15	0	845	490	355
Italy	40	35	10	570	305	265
Netherlands	35	25	10	1,220	585	635
Poland	20	15	0	1,395	690	705
Portugal	0	10	0	220	105	120
Romania	10	0	0	695	335	360
Russian Federation	15	10	10	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	0	585	305	280
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	320	155	165	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	100	55	45	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	480	280	205	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	10	10	10	50	35	15
Egypt	10	0	0	435	230	205
Ethiopia	30	20	15	635	285	355
Kenya	10	0	0	425	225	200
Morocco	25	15	15	180	95	80
Nigeria	35	25	10	1,695	845	855
Somalia	25	20	0	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	40	20	20	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	305	170	130	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	1,955	920	1,035	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	10	0	0	515	230	285
Bangladesh	95	55	45	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	105	55	55	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	35	20	15	765	370	400
India	185	120	60	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	35	15	20	785	465	325
Iraq	0	0	0	1,175	625	550
Japan	65	15	55	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	75	35	35	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	0	0	0	255	160	90
Pakistan	70	35	35	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	955	420	535	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	10	10	10	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	10	0	10	180	80	100
Viet Nam	175	75	95	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	120	50	70	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	40	20	20	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	820	395	420	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	70	25	45	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	0	0	0	45	10	35
Colombia	0	0	0	115	55	65
Cuba	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaica	40	15	25	405	230	180
Mexico	0	0	0	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	10	10	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	490	220	270
Europe	70	45	25	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	10	10	0	50	15	45
Germany	0	0	0	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	100	50	50
Romania	0	0	0	95	35	60
Russian Federation	0	0	0	220	85	135
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	40	20	20	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10	1,505	755	750
Africa	120	65	50	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	15	15	0
Egypt	0	0	0	160	75	85
Eritrea	0	0	0	305	145	160
Ethiopia	10	0	10	190	110	85
Morocco	10	0	10	90	40	45
Nigeria	15	15	0	1,035	525	520
Somalia	0	0	0	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	550	285	265
Tunisia	0	0	0	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	80	45	30	1,360	725	635
Asia	560	260	295	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	0	0	0	125	45	85
Bangladesh	10	0	10	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	10	10	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	75	35	40
India	50	30	15	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	330	180	150
Iraq	0	0	0	405	200	205
Israel	15	10	0	95	55	35
Japan	30	0	25	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	15	15	475	195	280
Lebanon	0	0	0	80	50	30
Nepal	10	0	0	235	145	90
Pakistan	0	0	0	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	330	160	170	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	10	0	10	60	30	30
Turkey	0	0	0	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	85	55	30
Viet Nam	40	15	25	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	10	150	90	60
Australia	0	0	0	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,100	2,085	2,015	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,890	1,935	1,955	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	33,145	16,885	16,260	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,030	1,505	1,525	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,620	810	810	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	790	430	365	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	830	380	450	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,005	460	545	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	375	220	150	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	30	15	15	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	20,860	10,350	10,510	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	20,650	10,245	10,400	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	13,180	6,590	6,590	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	3,385	1,720	1,670	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	4,075	1,935	2,140	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	155	75	80	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	55	30	25	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	20,275	10,555	9,720	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	13,365	6,645	6,720	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,770	14,255	13,510	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,190	7,575	7,615	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,160	7,055	7,095	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,280	5,145	5,140	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	915	490	425	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	2,955	1,425	1,535	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,035	520	510	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	490	245	245	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	505	250	250	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,525	2,610	2,920	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	4,745	2,275	2,470	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,110	1,540	1,575	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	930	410	525	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	710	330	380	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	780	335	445	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	195	285	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	230	100	130	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	15	20	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	25	15	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	20,420	10,720	9,700	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,960	1,950	2,005	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	615	360	250	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	300	150	150	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	760	435	325	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	1,300	570	725	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	135	55	80	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	100	60	45	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	255	115	145	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	50	25	30	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	100	50	55	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	150	45	105	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	95	40	50	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	90	45	40	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	37,180	18,955	18,225	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	41,135	20,905	20,230	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	20,720	10,185	10,530	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,155	7,505	7,645	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	4,515	2,170	2,340	650	305	345
Métis	2,915	1,395	1,525	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	8,220	4,195	4,020	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	250	125	120	485	270	215
American	495	285	210	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	7,655	3,865	3,785	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	70	35	30	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	20	0	15	25	10	20
Ontarian	0	0	0	20	20	10
Québécois	35	10	20	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	85	35	55
European origins	18,115	9,335	8,780	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	12,815	6,630	6,185	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	35	15	20
English	6,560	3,315	3,245	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	5,060	2,580	2,480	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	15	10	0	250	120	130
Scottish	6,090	3,175	2,915	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	555	260	295	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	765	410	350	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	4,230	2,085	2,150	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	10	0	0	10	10	10
Breton	0	0	0	25	10	15
Corsican	0	0	0	15	0	15
French	4,230	2,075	2,150	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,480	2,240	2,240	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	185	100	80	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	0	0	0	50	45	0
Belgian	145	50	95	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	1,015	540	480	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	0	0	0	805	415	395
Frisian	0	0	0	70	35	35
German	3,410	1,670	1,745	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	0	0	0	500	275	225
Swiss	140	75	65	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,720	900	820	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	350	150	195	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	75	40	40	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	200	105	90	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	710	400	310	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	370	175	200	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	125	80	50	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	2,865	1,435	1,430	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	10	0	0	355	190	160
Byelorussian	10	0	10	290	150	140
Czech	90	65	25	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	30	20	15	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	0	0	0	265	150	115
Hungarian	260	150	110	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	50	35	15	535	265	265
Lithuanian	30	15	15	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	0	0	0	345	145	200
Polish	860	400	465	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	115	55	60	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	510	260	255	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	65	35	30	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	1,290	590	700	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	0	10	255	115	135
Southern European origins	1,215	630	580	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	0	0	0	605	310	290
Bosnian	0	0	0	515	260	260
Catalan	10	0	0	15	10	10
Croatian	30	25	0	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	35	10
Greek	50	35	15	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	500	275	225	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	0	0	0	30	25	10
Macedonian	45	15	30	110	45	65
Maltese	15	10	10	125	65	60
Montenegrin	0	0	0	85	40	40
Portuguese	205	105	100	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	10	0	0	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	0	10	0	100	75	25
Slovenian	20	15	10	640	275	365
Spanish	315	135	180	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	30	20	15	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	0	35	0	30
Other European origins	255	135	115	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	0	0	0	50	40	10
Jewish	95	50	50	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	0	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	0	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	140	80	60	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	215	105	110	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	110	45	60
Bermudan	0	0	0	20	20	0
Carib	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuban	0	0	0	185	125	55
Dominican	40	15	25	115	75	45
Grenadian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	110	75	40
Jamaican	120	60	60	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	55	15	40
St. Lucian	10	0	0	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	15	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	10	10	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	205	90	110	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	300	150	150
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	160	60	95
Belizean	0	0	0	55	35	15
Bolivian	0	10	0	45	30	15
Brazilian	15	10	0	305	150	155
Chilean	15	10	10	860	450	415
Colombian	25	0	20	705	335	370
Costa Rican	0	0	0	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	105	70	30
Guatemalan	10	10	0	270	135	140
Guyanese	0	0	0	185	110	75
Hispanic	10	10	10	125	75	50
Honduran	0	0	0	95	45	50
Maya	10	10	0	140	75	65
Mexican	50	25	30	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	140	50	90
Panamanian	0	10	0	15	0	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	40	30	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	295	120	175
Salvadorean	25	10	20	765	350	415
Uruguayan	0	0	0	65	20	40
Venezuelan	15	10	10	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	20	10	10	320	165	160
African origins	780	455	330	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	110	70	40	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	0	0	0	115	80	40
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	15	10
Cameroonian	10	0	0	205	90	110
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	530	290	240
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ghanaian	30	20	10	555	320	235
Guinean	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ibo	30	25	10	485	275	215
Ivorian	0	0	0	75	35	45
Liberian	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	35	15	1,715	875	835
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	40	25	10
Togolese	0	0	0	55	35	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yoruba	15	10	0	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	235	115	125
North African origins	175	105	65	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	35	15	15	70	50	15
Berber	10	0	10	55	45	15
Coptic	0	10	0	40	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Egyptian	0	10	0	535	290	245
Libyan	0	0	0	205	115	85
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	10	220	110	115
Sudanese	95	60	30	935	515	420
Tunisian	0	0	0	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	275	160	115	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	0	0	10	60	35	30
Amhara	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	45	30	10
Burundian	0	0	0	300	155	145
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Eritrean	30	25	10	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	20	10	10	675	335	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	190	95	95
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mauritian	10	10	10	205	90	110
Oromo	0	0	0	140	65	75
Rwandan	0	0	0	80	20	60
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	70	40	30	1,275	635	635
South African	25	15	10	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Ugandan	30	30	0	90	40	50
Zambian	0	0	0	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	70	35	35	260	170	90
Zulu	0	0	0	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	535	300	240
Other African origins	240	120	125	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	50	30	20	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	205	90	110	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	3,125	1,500	1,625	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	215	105	105	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	10	10	10	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	45	30	15	1,175	645	530
Armenian	25	15	15	240	130	115
Assyrian	0	0	0	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	10	50	25	25
Georgian	0	0	0	35	20	10
Hazara	0	0	0	25	10	20
Iranian	60	20	35	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	0	10	0	1,290	690	605
Israeli	0	0	0	120	75	50
Jordanian	0	0	0	75	40	30
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kurd	0	0	0	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lebanese	20	10	10	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	0	0	0	120	60	55
Pashtun	0	0	0	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	0	0	10	110	80	30
Syrian	25	10	15	1,365	740	625
Tajik	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tatar	0	0	0	60	25	35
Turk	15	10	0	860	450	405
Turkmen	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	15	50
Yemeni	0	0	0	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	265	130	130
South Asian origins	615	355	260	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	70	35	30	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	50	30	15	600	350	250
Bhutanese	0	0	0	210	110	100
East Indian	355	220	135	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	0	0	0	45	25	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	195	105	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	75	40
Nepali	20	10	10	565	320	245
Pakistani	85	45	40	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	15	10	0	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	0	0	0	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	25	20	10	515	290	225
Tamil	10	0	0	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	15	0	10	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,315	1,050	1,265	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	0	0	0	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	305	165	145
Chinese	375	175	200	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	1,415	620	790	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	0	220	115	105
Japanese	200	85	120	1,220	530	690
Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290
Korean	105	45	55	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	0	0	0	705	335	380
Malaysian	0	0	0	160	75	80
Mongolian	10	0	10	205	105	100
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwanese	20	10	15	265	115	155
Thai	0	0	10	420	170	250
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	35	25
Vietnamese	245	120	120	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	15	10	0	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	10	0	735	345	385
Oceania origins	85	35	50	1,430	760	665
Australian	35	15	25	890	505	385
New Zealander	45	20	20	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	0	310	140	170
Fijian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maori	0	0	0	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	25	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,985	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	8,045	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	6,915	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	20	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,980	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	1,315	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	13,670	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	2,200	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,585	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,950	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,090	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,985	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,350	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	3,235	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	2,480	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	1,600	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,310	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,215	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	770	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,980	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	13,410	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	1,575	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,980	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	560	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,805	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,430	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,950	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,355	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	945	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	935	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	12,275	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,710	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,980	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,750	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,630	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	595	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,980	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	500	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,900	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,025	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,450	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,055	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,445	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	475	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	130	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	14,865	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,020	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,845	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,605	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,975	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.1	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.0	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,581	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,739	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	321,099	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	346,427	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,900	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	41.3	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.3	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,298	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,190	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	32,325	16,475	15,855	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,860	4,745	4,115	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	6,915	3,510	3,405	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,550	8,215	8,330	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,170	2,475	690	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,565	1,090	475	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,600	1,385	220	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,115	2,730	3,380	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	805	325	485	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,470	2,690	3,775	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	4,485	1,865	2,615	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	320	110	205	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	60	70	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	1,440	600	840	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	95	60	40	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	23,610	11,885	11,725	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,845	2,650	2,195	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,570	2,320	2,250	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,190	6,915	7,285	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,615	2,040	570	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,315	925	395	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,300	1,120	180	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,135	2,250	2,890	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	260	385	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,795	2,360	3,435	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	4,000	1,640	2,360	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	95	180	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	50	65	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	1,320	535	785	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	80	45	40	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	32,325	16,470	15,855	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	15,775	8,255	7,520	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	1,525	400	1,125	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	1,525	405	1,125	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	405	220	185	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	80	10	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	315	145	170	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	655	260	395	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	105	25	80	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	110	30	80	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	80	140	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	20	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	50	40	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	80	50	30	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,615	590	1,025	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	60	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	70	135	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	305	50	255	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	230	105	115	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	0	20	465	155	310
42. Psychology	205	30	175	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	585	315	270	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	3,420	1,005	2,410	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	420	85	335	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,995	920	2,075	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	655	325	330	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	135	165	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	65	95	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	160	110	50	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	15	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	400	235	165	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	220	100	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	45	0	40	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	10	25	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,535	3,165	370	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	120	65	55	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	455	365	90	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	735	635	100	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	975	920	55	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,025	970	60	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	215	210	10	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	625	375	255	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	65	20	45	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	350	210	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	2,120	485	1,635	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	210	110	100	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	1,885	365	1,520	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	30	20	10	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,590	1,160	435	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	485	170	310	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	250	195	55	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	820	765	60	5,880	5,450	430
Other	0	0	0	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	23,610	11,885	11,725	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	9,415	4,975	4,445	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	1,325	350	975	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	1,325	350	975	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	180	160	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	65	10	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	260	110	145	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	530	205	320	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	80	20	60	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	95	25	65	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	55	120	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	30	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	75	50	30	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	10	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,405	525	880	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	70	105	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	260	45	215	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	205	95	105	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	15	370	120	250
42. Psychology	170	25	150	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	520	280	235	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	3,045	880	2,170	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	65	295	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,680	810	1,875	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	575	285	290	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	265	120	150	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	55	80	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	150	100	55	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	375	215	160	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	300	200	100	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	40	0	45	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	10	20	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,930	2,605	330	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	85	35	45	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	400	310	90	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	640	550	95	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	820	770	45	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	830	790	40	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	155	155	0	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	560	330	230	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	50	15	35	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	510	315	195	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	1,830	420	1,410	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	175	90	85	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	1,630	315	1,315	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	25	15	10	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,285	920	360	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	420	160	255	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	215	160	55	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	575	45	4,935	4,590	340
Other	0	0	0	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	32,325	16,475	15,855	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,775	8,255	7,525	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	16,555	8,220	8,335	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	14,785	7,445	7,345	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	4,155	2,040	2,115	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	10,630	5,400	5,225	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,765	775	990	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	310	125	185	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	515	180	340	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	105	70	30	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	175	95	85	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	15	10	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	25	20	10	220	125	95
Other	610	270	340	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	23,610	11,885	11,725	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,415	4,970	4,440	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	14,195	6,910	7,280	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	12,650	6,245	6,410	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	3,525	1,680	1,850	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	9,125	4,570	4,560	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,540	665	875	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	265	105	160	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	460	155	305	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	100	65	30	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	120	70	50	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	15	10	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	15	10	0	200	115	85
Other	555	240	315	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	32,330	16,475	15,855	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	23,945	12,640	11,305	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	21,415	11,075	10,345	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	2,535	1,570	960	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	8,380	3,835	4,545	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	74.1	76.7	71.3	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	66.2	67.2	65.2	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	10.6	12.4	8.5	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	32,330	16,475	15,855	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	7,415	3,400	4,020	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	24,910	13,075	11,835	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	13,780	7,325	6,450	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	11,135	5,745	5,385	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.4	41.9	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	23,945	12,640	11,305	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	695	390	300	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	23,250	12,245	11,005	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	21,895	11,385	10,510	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,355	865	500	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	23,945	12,640	11,305	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	695	395	300	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	23,255	12,245	11,010	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	2,830	1,685	1,145	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,895	1,000	2,895	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,550	1,145	405	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	1,205	200	1,005	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,045	1,500	2,545	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	605	255	350	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	4,325	1,995	2,330	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,785	3,560	225	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	670	610	60	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	330	285	45	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	23,945	12,640	11,305	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	695	395	300	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	23,255	12,245	11,005	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	190	170	25	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,440	1,145	295	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	300	235	60	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	1,745	1,505	245	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	240	175	65	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	290	235	55	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	2,260	1,180	1,075	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,460	1,105	355	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	465	235	240	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	345	110	230	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	415	220	190	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	930	470	460	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	0	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	710	410	295	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	1,805	525	1,285	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	2,175	390	1,785	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	350	195	155	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	1,230	520	710	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	870	420	455	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	6,010	2,990	3,020	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	21,415	11,070	10,345	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	780	375	400	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	10	0	0	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	1,975	1,590	385	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	18,650	9,095	9,560	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	18,655	9,095	9,560	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,200	8,175	9,025	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	755	505	250	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	550	335	220	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	150	85	65	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	20,630	10,690	9,940	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,820	6,310	5,505	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,000	850	1,155	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	255	140	115	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	4,910	2,165	2,745	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	340	240	95	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	1,305	980	325	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	20,630	10,685	9,940	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	15,205	7,700	7,505	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	3,805	1,955	1,855	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	640	310	330	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	180	130	50	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	795	595	195	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	20,630	10,685	9,945	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	650	495	160	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,945	1,320	625	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,725	3,230	2,490	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,035	3,485	4,550	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,030	975	1,055	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,240	1,185	1,060	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	25,565	13,355	12,205	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	25,360	13,265	12,100	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	24,990	13,075	11,915	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	24,790	13,005	11,780	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	200	70	135	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	370	185	180	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	330	155	170	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	315	150	165	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	315	150	165	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	25	10	10	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	160	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	125	60	60	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	50	0	0	0
South Slavey	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	40	30	10	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	10	0	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	10	0	560	250	305
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	160	70	90
Bengali	0	0	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	50	25	30
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	20	10	10	990	540	450
Cantonese	0	0	0	250	140	105
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	10	0	10	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	10	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	95	110	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	65	40	25	650	235	410
English and non-official language	135	55	75	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	25,565	13,355	12,210	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	23,255	12,340	10,915	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	445	205	250	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	630	280	350	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	1,220	525	695	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	1,050	460	595	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	170	70	100	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
French and non-official language	10	10	0	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	40,525	20,610	19,915	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	34,010	17,345	16,665	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	6,520	3,265	3,250	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	3,700	1,830	1,870	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	2,820	1,435	1,380	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	2,565	1,325	1,240	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	700	330	375	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	1,865	1,000	870	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	250	115	140	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	38,035	19,310	18,720	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	21,380	10,970	10,410	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	16,650	8,340	8,310	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	9,000	4,570	4,430	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	7,655	3,770	3,880	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	6,755	3,355	3,400	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	1,745	835	915	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	5,010	2,530	2,490	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	895	415	480	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Northwest Territories [Territory] and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest Territories [Territory] and Saskatchewan [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Northwest Territories [Territory] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest Territories [Territory] and Saskatchewan [Province]