Census Profile, 2016 Census
Duncan [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Squamish-Lillooet B, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Duncan British Columbia [Census agglomeration]			Squamish-Lillooet B, RDA British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Duncan [Census agglomeration], British Columbia Map : Duncan [Census agglomeration], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Squamish-Lillooet B, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	44,451	...	...	363	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	43,252	...	...	451^rE	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.8	...	...	-19.5^E	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	19,732	...	...	319	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	18,744	...	...	183	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	118.9	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	373.71	...	...	3,465.50	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	44,450	21,495	22,955	365	195	170
0 to 14 years	6,760	3,395	3,370	30	15	15
0 to 4 years	2,090	1,065	1,030	10	5	5
5 to 9 years	2,335	1,165	1,170	10	0	10
10 to 14 years	2,330	1,165	1,170	15	10	5
15 to 64 years	26,940	13,010	13,935	235	115	115
15 to 19 years	2,400	1,215	1,180	15	10	5
20 to 24 years	1,950	1,030	925	10	0	5
25 to 29 years	2,065	1,030	1,035	15	5	10
30 to 34 years	2,295	1,100	1,200	25	10	15
35 to 39 years	2,315	1,100	1,215	10	5	5
40 to 44 years	2,345	1,130	1,215	15	5	10
45 to 49 years	2,610	1,225	1,385	20	10	5
50 to 54 years	3,390	1,630	1,755	35	20	20
55 to 59 years	3,775	1,760	2,010	35	15	15
60 to 64 years	3,800	1,795	2,005	55	35	20
65 years and over	10,745	5,095	5,655	100	60	40
65 to 69 years	3,655	1,810	1,845	45	25	15
70 to 74 years	2,580	1,235	1,345	35	20	15
75 to 79 years	1,850	890	960	15	5	5
80 to 84 years	1,285	620	665	10	5	5
85 years and over	1,385	545	840	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	845	370	480	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	415	150	265	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	105	25	80	0	0	0
100 years and over	20	5	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.8	14.7	8.2	7.7	8.8
15 to 64 years	60.6	60.5	60.7	64.4	59.0	67.6
65 years and over	24.2	23.7	24.6	27.4	30.8	23.5
85 years and over	3.1	2.5	3.7	1.4	2.6	0.0
Average age of the population	45.4	44.7	46.1	50.5	52.1	48.6
Median age of the population	49.0	48.1	49.8	55.8	58.9	54.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	18,745	...	...	180	...	...
Single-detached house	12,245	...	...	170	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	5,765	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,010	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	1,160	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	825	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,660	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	735	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	18,745	...	...	180	...	...
1 person	5,540	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	7,510	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	2,435	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	2,000	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	1,260	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,165	...	...	360	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	37,685	18,105	19,585	330	180	155
Married or living common law	22,065	11,000	11,060	210	100	100
Married	17,725	8,840	8,885	155	80	80
Living common law	4,340	2,160	2,180	50	25	25
Not married and not living common law	15,620	7,100	8,520	125	75	50
Never married	8,565	4,705	3,865	75	50	25
Separated	1,285	535	755	10	5	5
Divorced	3,170	1,285	1,890	25	15	10
Widowed	2,595	575	2,015	15	10	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	12,940	...	...	110	...	...
2 persons	7,955	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	2,325	...	...	15	...	...
4 persons	1,850	...	...	5	...	...
5 or more persons	820	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	12,945	...	...	110	...	...
Total couple families	10,760	...	...	105	...	...
Married couples	8,590	...	...	75	...	...
Common-law couples	2,170	...	...	25	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,185	...	...	5	...	...
Female parent	1,675	...	...	5	...	...
Male parent	510	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	10,760	...	...	105	...	...
Couples without children	6,595	...	...	75	...	...
Couples with children	4,165	...	...	25	...	...
1 child	1,760	...	...	15	...	...
2 children	1,655	...	...	5	...	...
3 or more children	745	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,180	...	...	10	...	...
1 child	1,355	...	...	10	...	...
2 children	565	...	...	5	...	...
3 or more children	260	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,420	3,845	4,575	90	55	35
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	18,745	...	...	185	...	...
One-census-family households	12,130	...	...	105	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	6,270	...	...	70	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,855	...	...	35	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	395	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	6,225	...	...	75	...	...
One-person households	5,535	...	...	65	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	685	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	43,770	21,185	22,585	360	195	170
English only	41,080	20,010	21,070	345	190	160
French only	10	0	5	0	0	0
English and French	2,515	1,100	1,415	15	5	10
Neither English nor French	165	70	100	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	43,770	21,185	22,585	365	195	165
English	43,110	20,885	22,225	355	195	170
French	450	210	245	5	5	5
English and French	45	25	20	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	160	65	95	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	475	225	255	5	5	0
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.4	2.6	0.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	43,770	21,185	22,585	365	195	170
Single responses	43,380	21,010	22,365	355	190	165
Official languages	40,145	19,490	20,650	330	180	150
English	39,635	19,250	20,385	325	175	150
French	510	245	265	5	5	5
Non-official languages	3,235	1,515	1,715	25	10	15
Aboriginal languages	250	120	130	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	240	115	125	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	230	110	115	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	5	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,985	1,395	1,590	20	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	55	25	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	30	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	190	60	130	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	50	100	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,125	1,035	1,090	20	10	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	115	145	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	255	115	135	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Czech	40	10	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	40	15	25	0	0	0
Russian	40	20	25	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,075	520	555	10	10	10
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	80	45	45	0	0	0
Dutch	375	170	205	0	0	0
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
German	525	260	265	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	505	255	250	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	490	245	245	0	0	0
Bengali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	10	0	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	445	210	230	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	130	130	5	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	50	30	0	0	0
Portuguese	35	15	25	0	0	0
Romanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	125	55	65	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	55	10	40	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	40	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	115	120	0	0	0
Chinese languages	230	110	120	0	0	0
Cantonese	105	50	55	0	0	0
Hakka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	100	50	45	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	105	45	60	5	5	0
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	40	15	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	390	175	215	5	5	5
English and French	70	35	35	5	0	0
English and non-official language	295	125	165	5	5	0
French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	43,770	21,185	22,585	365	195	165
Single responses	43,240	20,940	22,300	360	195	165
Official languages	42,315	20,505	21,815	360	190	165
English	42,230	20,465	21,765	360	195	165
French	85	35	50	0	0	0
Non-official languages	930	440	485	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	5	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	905	430	480	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	35	15	20	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	495	230	270	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	5	15	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	50	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	55	30	30	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	315	145	165	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	310	145	165	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	285	130	150	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	25	35	0	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	55	20	35	0	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	75	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages	130	65	60	0	0	0
Cantonese	60	30	30	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	530	245	285	0	5	0
English and French	40	20	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	470	220	255	5	5	0
French and non-official language	0	5	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	5	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	43,770	21,185	22,585	365	195	170
None	41,645	20,220	21,430	350	190	155
English	420	195	225	0	0	0
French	380	165	220	5	0	0
Non-official language	1,285	590	695	10	5	5
Aboriginal	245	110	130	0	0	5
Non-Aboriginal	1,045	480	565	10	0	5
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	36,425	17,505	18,925	330	175	155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	35,090	16,860	18,230	320	170	150
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,789	38,405	25,731	25,024	31,360	20,779
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	35,135	16,900	18,240	320	170	150
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,115	34,124	24,276	23,424	28,608	20,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	30,885	15,080	15,805	295	155	130
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,470	35,666	21,404	20,224	24,576	15,328
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	26,680	11,905	14,775	260	135	125
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,537	9,146	8,232	7,824	8,864	7,024
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,215	12,300	11,915	235	135	105
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,432	33,102	21,770	15,536	15,392	15,632
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	36,430	17,500	18,925	365	195	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	35,070	16,920	18,155	335	170	160
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,220	48,479	32,523	31,545	33,475	29,470
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	35,105	16,935	18,175	335	175	165
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,423	40,360	28,892	28,175	29,725	26,509
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	30,835	15,080	15,755	305	160	140
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,838	46,833	29,227	26,156	25,834	26,525
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	26,575	11,910	14,670	295	150	145
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,172	9,555	8,861	8,911	10,785	6,953
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,220	12,235	11,985	225	115	110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,940	43,498	28,224	26,070	24,671	27,626
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	36,430	17,505	18,925	365	190	170
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,035	5,080	3,960	75	40	35
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,193	56,337	42,059	43,619	34,218	43,685
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,098	61,977	46,273	47,461	45,060	50,707
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.8	86.5	77.8	79.1	80.2	77.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	62.0	65.9	56.6	55.1	53.9	60.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.2	13.5	22.2	20.8	18.9	23.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	36,430	17,505	18,925	330	180	155
Without total income	1,340	645	695	10	5	5
With total income	35,090	16,860	18,230	325	170	150
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.3	96.3	98.5	94.4	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,035	2,160	2,875	55	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	6,645	2,505	4,140	80	30	45
$20,000 to $29,999	5,510	2,090	3,425	50	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	4,465	1,980	2,485	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	3,545	1,680	1,870	25	15	5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,550	1,400	1,150	25	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	1,995	1,240	755	5	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,480	985	495	15	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	1,135	770	365	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	785	540	245	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	1,950	1,505	440	10	10	0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,450	1,115	335	10	10	0
$150,000 and over	495	390	105	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	36,430	17,505	18,925	335	180	155
Without after-tax income	1,290	605	685	15	10	0
With after-tax income	35,140	16,900	18,240	325	170	150
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	96.5	96.4	97.0	94.4	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,255	2,265	2,990	55	25	30
$10,000 to $19,999	7,020	2,705	4,315	75	30	40
$20,000 to $29,999	6,355	2,480	3,875	60	35	30
$30,000 to $39,999	5,040	2,280	2,760	50	25	20
$40,000 to $49,999	3,720	1,945	1,780	25	15	10
$50,000 to $59,999	2,600	1,620	980	15	10	0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,850	1,220	630	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270	855	415	5	10	0
$80,000 and over	2,030	1,535	495	15	10	0
$80,000 to $89,999	740	555	185	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	425	315	105	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	865	660	210	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	36,430	17,505	18,925	335	175	155
Without employment income	12,210	5,205	7,010	95	50	50
With employment income	24,215	12,300	11,915	240	135	105
Percentage with employment income	66.5	70.3	63.0	71.6	77.1	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,175	2,570	2,605	65	40	25
$5,000 to $9,999	1,810	730	1,080	25	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	3,225	1,290	1,935	45	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	2,790	1,205	1,585	35	20	15
$30,000 to $39,999	2,540	1,060	1,475	20	10	10
$40,000 to $49,999	2,015	935	1,080	10	5	5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	860	705	10	5	5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285	825	460	5	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,075	715	360	10	5	5
$80,000 and over	2,740	2,105	635	10	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	825	570	255	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	570	415	150	5	5	5
$100,000 and over	1,345	1,115	230	5	5	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	18,745	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,979	...	...	50,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,418	...	...	46,464	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	5,540	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,587	...	...	22,560	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,957	...	...	21,088	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	13,205	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,420	...	...	63,616	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	68,514	...	...	56,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	18,745	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,243	...	...	52,327	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,466	...	...	46,737	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,520	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,032	...	...	23,313	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,024	...	...	21,691	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	13,230	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,358	...	...	69,292	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,172	...	...	61,382	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	18,745	...	...	180	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	630	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	930	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	875	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	915	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	965	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	935	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	885	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,540	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,445	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,285	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,145	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	925	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,705	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,840	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,150	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,075	...	...	0	...	...
$200,000 and over	640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	18,745	...	...	185	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	625	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	970	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,200	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	980	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,140	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,105	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,035	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	930	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,780	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,635	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,400	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,175	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	930	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,285	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,600	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	815	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	870	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	12,720	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,023	...	...	64,640	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,133	...	...	57,216	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	6,135	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,696	...	...	59,520	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,293	...	...	55,467	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,215	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,587	...	...	73,984	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	87,838	...	...	68,352	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,960	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,183	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,056	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	12,730	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,921	...	...	69,478	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,681	...	...	61,317	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	6,110	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,415	...	...	71,062	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,657	...	...	62,749	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,250	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,147	...	...	69,698	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,247	...	...	59,786	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,935	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,203	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,754	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,285	3,325	3,960	90	55	35
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,930	30,190	26,938	22,592	26,432	17,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,850	27,360	25,145	21,120	24,768	17,344
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,240	3,315	3,925	100	55	40
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,732	40,266	33,750	24,144	25,203	0
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,104	34,540	30,048	22,471	23,738	0
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	43,165	20,880	22,285	365	195	170
In the bottom half of the distribution	24,535	11,545	12,990	245	130	110
In the bottom decile	5,725	2,765	2,965	60	35	30
In the second decile	5,450	2,420	3,030	50	25	25
In the third decile	4,720	2,185	2,535	40	25	20
In the fourth decile	4,370	2,090	2,280	45	20	20
In the fifth decile	4,265	2,080	2,180	45	25	20
In the top half of the distribution	18,635	9,340	9,290	120	70	55
In the sixth decile	4,265	2,110	2,155	20	10	10
In the seventh decile	4,140	2,065	2,075	40	25	15
In the eighth decile	3,725	1,885	1,840	35	20	20
In the ninth decile	3,700	1,850	1,845	20	10	10
In the top decile	2,805	1,430	1,375	5	5	0
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	40,735	19,630	21,100	365	195	170
0 to 17 years	7,420	3,725	3,695	40	20	15
0 to 5 years	2,240	1,140	1,105	15	5	5
18 to 64 years	23,455	11,160	12,295	225	115	110
65 years and over	9,855	4,745	5,115	95	60	40
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,055	3,225	3,825	90	45	50
0 to 17 years	1,845	935	915	10	5	10
0 to 5 years	620	305	310	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	3,905	1,765	2,140	65	35	35
65 years and over	1,305	530	775	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.3	16.4	18.1	24.7	23.1	29.4
0 to 17 years (%)	24.9	25.1	24.8	25.0	25.0	66.7
0 to 5 years (%)	27.7	26.8	28.1	33.3	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.6	15.8	17.4	28.9	30.4	31.8
65 years and over (%)	13.2	11.2	15.2	21.1	16.7	25.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,045	1,510	1,535	35	15	20
0 to 17 years	720	360	360	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	250	120	125	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	2,160	1,070	1,095	30	15	20
65 years and over	160	80	75	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.5	7.7	7.3	9.6	7.7	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.7	9.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	10.5	11.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	9.6	8.9	13.3	13.0	18.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.7	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	43,165	20,880	22,285	395	200	195
Official languages	42,935	20,770	22,160	400	200	200
English	42,930	20,770	22,165	400	200	195
French	2,495	1,080	1,415	15	0	10
Non-official languages	4,800	2,185	2,615	35	25	15
Aboriginal languages	445	205	235	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	420	200	220	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	410	195	215	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,360	1,980	2,380	40	25	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	55	35	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	55	35	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	45	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	45	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	45	45	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	80	160	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	0	35	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	60	135	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	40	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tamil	20	15	10	0	0	0
Telugu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,265	1,530	1,735	40	25	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	135	175	0	10	0
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	300	130	170	0	10	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	45	0	35	0	0	0
Czech	45	30	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	20	40	10	0	0
Russian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	10	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,380	660	720	15	15	0
Afrikaans	40	15	25	0	0	0
Danish	75	35	45	0	0	0
Dutch	465	205	260	0	0	0
Frisian	0	10	10	0	0	0
German	765	390	370	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	60	25	35	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	720	360	360	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	715	355	360	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	115	60	50	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	595	285	315	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	955	430	525	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	150	60	90	0	0	0
Portuguese	80	35	50	0	0	0
Romanian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Spanish	735	325	410	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	80	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	90	50	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	90	35	50	0	0	0
American Sign Language	40	10	35	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	95	140	0	0	0
Chinese languages	240	100	140	0	0	0
Cantonese	100	45	60	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	40	90	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	45	15	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	45	65	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	60	20	35	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	43,170	20,880	22,285	400	205	200
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	41,610	20,170	21,440	400	200	200
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,990	4,000	3,990	55	20	40
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	33,620	16,170	17,450	345	185	160
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,555	715	840	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	43,165	20,885	22,285	395	200	195
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	37,130	18,100	19,035	365	180	190
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	5,805	2,675	3,135	35	20	10
Before 1981	3,605	1,710	1,895	35	25	10
1981 to 1990	560	230	325	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	495	185	315	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	620	260	360	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	270	115	155	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	350	145	205	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	525	285	240	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	230	110	115	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	5,805	2,670	3,130	35	25	10
Under 5 years	785	370	410	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	1,135	550	585	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	1,455	715	745	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	2,075	890	1,185	20	10	10
45 years and over	350	150	205	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	5,805	2,675	3,135	35	25	10
Americas	860	375	480	15	0	15
Brazil	20	10	15	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mexico	25	15	10	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	655	275	380	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	105	50	60	0	0	0
Europe	3,470	1,635	1,830	20	20	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	0	0	0
Croatia	20	0	15	0	0	0
France	45	15	30	0	0	0
Germany	355	215	140	0	0	0
Greece	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hungary	50	15	30	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	65	25	30	0	0	0
Italy	65	30	35	0	0	0
Netherlands	395	190	210	10	10	0
Poland	50	10	35	10	0	0
Portugal	35	15	20	0	0	0
Romania	45	20	25	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,970	925	1,045	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	285	125	165	0	0	0
Africa	145	80	70	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	30	10	20	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	20	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	15	0	0	0
Asia	1,155	500	650	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	130	50	80	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	10	15	0	0	0
India	430	200	235	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	10	25	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	75	40	30	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	15	20	0	0	0
Philippines	205	70	130	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	55	25	30	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	55	30	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	45	50	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	185	90	100	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	525	285	240	0	0	0
Americas	50	20	30	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	20	20	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	105	70	40	0	0	0
France	15	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	20	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	20	0	0	0	0
Africa	35	15	20	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	0	0	0
Asia	305	175	130	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	55	40	15	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Philippines	80	45	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	50	20	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	15	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	43,165	20,885	22,285	395	200	200
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	6,350	2,940	3,410	40	25	15
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	8,705	4,205	4,500	90	45	45
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	28,115	13,740	14,370	270	130	140
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,305	1,015	1,285	0	0	0
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,085	525	555	0	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	455	260	190	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	630	270	365	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,045	380	660	0	0	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	150	90	60	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	25	15	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	43,165	20,880	22,285	400	200	200
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	5,770	2,775	3,000	55	35	30
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	5,660	2,725	2,930	55	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,660	2,300	2,365	40	15	30
Métis	975	410	565	20	20	0
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	60	35	30	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	45	15	35	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	37,395	18,110	19,285	340	170	175
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	43,165	20,880	22,285	395	205	195
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,260	2,075	2,180	40	10	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	38,905	18,805	20,100	360	190	170
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	43,170	20,880	22,285	395	200	195
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,190	1,580	1,610	45	20	25
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,170	1,570	1,600	50	15	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	3,050	1,520	1,530	40	10	25
Métis single ancestry	120	55	70	10	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,970	1,365	1,610	10	15	0
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,740	1,255	1,485	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,865	865	995	10	10	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	845	365	480	10	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	20	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	230	110	125	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	230	110	125	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	37,005	17,940	19,065	340	170	170
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	43,165	20,880	22,285	400	200	200
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,580	1,215	1,365	10	0	10
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	995	515	480	0	0	0
Chinese	425	195	230	10	0	0
Black	160	75	80	10	0	10
Filipino	290	95	195	0	0	0
Latin American	95	35	55	0	0	0
Arab	75	45	30	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	175	70	100	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	45	40	0	0	0
Japanese	160	70	95	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	65	25	40	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	55	25	25	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	40,585	19,670	20,915	385	200	185
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	43,165	20,880	22,285	400	205	200
North American Aboriginal origins	6,165	2,940	3,220	60	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,165	2,500	2,665	50	25	30
Inuit	30	25	0	0	0	0
Métis	1,215	535	680	10	10	0
Other North American origins	11,795	5,700	6,100	25	0	25
Acadian	35	10	25	0	0	0
American	835	390	445	10	0	10
Canadian	11,185	5,415	5,765	15	0	15
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	15	20	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	32,890	15,675	17,215	330	185	145
British Isles origins	25,320	11,925	13,390	250	140	110
Channel Islander	20	15	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	16,990	7,840	9,145	170	90	85
Irish	7,965	3,610	4,350	65	35	35
Manx	35	10	25	0	0	0
Scottish	11,250	5,155	6,095	100	60	40
Welsh	1,755	855	900	10	10	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,390	605	785	20	15	10
French origins	4,185	1,865	2,320	35	15	25
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	4,185	1,865	2,320	40	15	25
Western European origins (except French origins)	8,890	4,375	4,510	95	45	50
Austrian	430	245	190	20	15	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	285	140	140	0	0	0
Dutch	2,895	1,375	1,520	50	20	30
Flemish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Frisian	30	15	15	0	0	0
German	5,845	2,905	2,945	30	10	15
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	265	115	155	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,540	2,115	2,425	20	10	10
Danish	885	415	470	0	0	0
Finnish	475	225	255	10	10	0
Icelandic	365	180	185	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,620	730	890	0	0	0
Swedish	1,520	725	795	15	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	155	65	90	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	4,565	2,210	2,360	50	20	30
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Czech	185	75	110	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	130	60	65	10	0	10
Estonian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	395	210	190	20	0	15
Latvian	65	20	45	0	0	0
Lithuanian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Polish	1,265	640	625	10	10	0
Romanian	235	135	100	10	0	10
Russian	815	395	415	10	0	0
Slovak	65	40	25	10	10	0
Ukrainian	2,005	930	1,075	0	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Southern European origins	2,255	1,085	1,175	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	175	90	85	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	105	60	45	0	0	0
Italian	1,365	645	725	15	0	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	270	140	135	0	0	0
Serbian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slovenian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Spanish	335	140	195	15	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	45	30	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	260	125	135	10	0	10
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	120	65	50	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	115	50	65	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	120	55	70	10	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	60	20	40	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	280	140	140	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	55	35	20	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Chilean	55	15	40	0	0	0
Colombian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	125	65	65	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	10	0	0	0	0
African origins	280	150	135	10	0	10
Central and West African origins	25	10	10	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	55	30	20	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	115	50	65	10	0	0
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	70	20	50	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	25	10	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	95	55	40	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	70	40	35	0	0	0
Asian origins	2,505	1,160	1,340	10	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	175	95	80	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	50	25	25	0	0	0
Palestinian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	55	40	20	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,040	540	500	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	985	500	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi	50	30	25	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,255	515	740	10	0	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	530	235	290	0	0	10
Filipino	300	100	200	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	10	20	0	0	0
Japanese	190	75	115	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	45	30	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	50	15	40	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	55	55	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	15	20	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oceania origins	360	165	195	0	0	0
Australian	165	60	105	0	0	0
New Zealander	95	65	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	105	40	60	0	0	0
Fijian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	60	15	45	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	18,750	...	...	205	...	...
Owner	13,710	...	...	180	...	...
Renter	4,955	...	...	25	...	...
Band housing	80	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	18,745	...	...	205	...	...
Condominium	2,225	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	16,520	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	18,745	...	...	205	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,905	...	...	30	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,110	...	...	55	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,900	...	...	95	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,755	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	18,745	...	...	205	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,195	...	...	65	...	...
5 rooms	3,100	...	...	30	...	...
6 rooms	3,000	...	...	50	...	...
7 rooms	2,515	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,935	...	...	35	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	18,745	...	...	205	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,565	...	...	195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	180	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	18,745	...	...	200	...	...
Suitable	18,105	...	...	190	...	...
Not suitable	635	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	18,745	...	...	200	...	...
1960 or before	3,225	...	...	45	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,730	...	...	75	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,680	...	...	40	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,580	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	955	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,590	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	990	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	18,750	...	...	205	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	17,435	...	...	185	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,310	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	18,750	...	...	200	...	...
1 household maintainer	11,165	...	...	125	...	...
2 household maintainers	7,190	...	...	75	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	18,745	...	...	200	...	...
15 to 24 years	330	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,780	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,410	...	...	15	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,450	...	...	25	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,135	...	...	70	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,745	...	...	65	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,065	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	825	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	17,840	...	...	195	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,440	...	...	160	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,405	...	...	30	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,895	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,030	...	...	170	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.7	...	...	26.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	846	...	...	325	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,060	...	...	551	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	350,012	...	...	300,239	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	397,923	...	...	348,547	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,825	...	...	20	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	862	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	933	...	...	0	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	36,430	17,505	18,925	360	190	170
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,020	3,625	3,390	75	45	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	10,760	5,145	5,620	95	45	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,650	8,735	9,915	185	105	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,305	3,210	1,090	70	65	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,815	1,055	760	25	25	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,490	2,155	330	45	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,305	2,595	4,710	70	30	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	480	925	25	0	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,640	2,450	3,190	25	0	20
Bachelor's degree	3,525	1,450	2,075	15	10	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	205	320	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	130	100	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,165	545	620	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	190	120	75	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	22,085	10,435	11,650	220	95	125
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,945	1,660	1,285	35	15	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	6,605	3,255	3,345	65	25	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,540	5,515	7,025	125	55	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,765	2,045	720	40	30	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,110	615	495	15	10	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,655	1,430	225	25	15	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,120	1,790	3,335	55	25	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	945	320	625	10	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,700	1,365	2,335	15	0	20
Bachelor's degree	2,375	875	1,500	0	0	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	365	120	240	0	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	75	85	0	0	0
Master's degree	705	250	460	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	90	40	55	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	36,430	17,505	18,925	360	190	170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,780	8,770	9,015	175	90	85
Education	1,490	435	1,055	20	0	20
13. Education	1,490	435	1,055	20	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550	220	325	0	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	70	15	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	465	155	315	0	0	10
Humanities	755	320	430	10	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	80	20	65	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	205	70	135	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	210	75	135	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	90	35	0	0	0
54. History	80	40	40	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	15	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,780	545	1,235	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	60	95	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	415	15	400	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	290	95	190	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	15	0	0	0
42. Psychology	320	85	235	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	550	275	270	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	3,030	925	2,105	10	0	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	300	85	220	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,725	845	1,885	10	0	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	600	350	250	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	140	120	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	40	50	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	175	140	40	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	400	245	155	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	300	190	115	0	10	0
25. Library science	25	0	20	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,280	4,045	230	80	75	0
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	30	0	0	0
14. Engineering	445	375	65	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	665	590	85	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,205	1,180	30	30	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,165	1,160	0	25	30	0
48. Precision production	730	715	15	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	675	445	230	0	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	365	225	140	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	225	85	0	0	0
Health and related fields	3,730	510	3,225	30	0	20
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	130	35	95	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	3,545	435	3,110	30	0	25
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	45	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,370	695	680	10	0	10
12. Personal and culinary services	855	255	600	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	120	85	40	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	330	40	0	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	22,085	10,435	11,650	215	95	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	9,545	4,915	4,630	95	40	60
Education	820	205	620	20	0	20
13. Education	825	205	620	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	405	150	255	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	35	20	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	350	115	240	0	0	0
Humanities	475	205	265	10	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	60	15	50	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	110	35	70	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	150	60	95	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	20	0	0	0
54. History	40	15	20	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,250	300	955	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	35	85	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	355	15	345	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	205	50	160	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	175	45	130	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	365	155	210	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	2,045	590	1,450	0	0	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	30	165	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,850	565	1,290	10	0	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	380	185	195	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	70	95	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	30	50	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	110	85	25	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	280	160	120	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	150	90	0	0	0
25. Library science	20	0	20	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,805	2,630	175	40	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	55	20	35	0	0	0
14. Engineering	260	220	35	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	435	370	65	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	875	850	30	10	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	685	685	0	15	10	0
48. Precision production	495	490	10	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	260	200	0	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	240	120	120	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	135	80	0	0	0
Health and related fields	2,660	365	2,295	20	10	20
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	95	15	75	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	2,525	320	2,210	25	10	20
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	25	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	960	470	490	10	0	10
12. Personal and culinary services	655	225	435	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	75	50	25	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	185	35	0	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	36,430	17,505	18,930	360	190	170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,780	8,770	9,010	175	90	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	18,650	8,735	9,915	185	105	85
Location of study inside Canada	16,365	7,655	8,710	175	100	75
Same as province or territory of residence	12,375	5,560	6,810	145	75	70
Different than province or territory of residence	3,990	2,095	1,890	30	25	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,290	1,080	1,205	15	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	565	270	295	15	10	10
Philippines	95	25	70	0	0	0
India	120	55	65	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	780	385	400	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	10	15	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other	675	320	355	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	22,080	10,435	11,655	220	90	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,545	4,920	4,630	95	40	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,535	5,515	7,025	120	55	65
Location of study inside Canada	11,390	5,015	6,375	125	55	65
Same as province or territory of residence	9,045	3,825	5,215	110	50	60
Different than province or territory of residence	2,350	1,190	1,160	10	10	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,150	500	650	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	310	130	180	0	0	0
Philippines	85	15	65	0	0	0
India	70	30	40	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	265	120	145	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	25	10	15	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other	385	180	205	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	36,435	17,505	18,925	360	190	170
In the labour force	20,780	10,595	10,185	160	70	90
Employed	19,240	9,655	9,580	155	65	90
Unemployed	1,545	940	600	0	0	0
Not in the labour force	15,650	6,910	8,740	200	125	80
Participation rate	57.0	60.5	53.8	44.4	36.8	52.9
Employment rate	52.8	55.2	50.6	43.1	34.2	52.9
Unemployment rate	7.4	8.9	5.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	36,430	17,505	18,925	360	195	170
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	14,655	6,430	8,230	165	100	65
Worked	21,775	11,075	10,700	195	90	105
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,335	5,270	4,065	80	45	30
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	12,435	5,800	6,635	120	45	75
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.5	41.7	39.5	37.3	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	20,780	10,595	10,190	155	70	90
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	485	280	200	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	20,300	10,315	9,985	160	70	90
Employee	16,745	8,325	8,425	105	40	65
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,550	1,990	1,560	50	30	25
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	20,780	10,595	10,185	160	70	90
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	480	280	200	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	20,300	10,315	9,985	160	70	90
0 Management occupations	2,175	1,250	925	15	15	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,595	580	2,015	25	0	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	980	790	190	15	10	10
3 Health occupations	1,625	285	1,340	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,205	650	1,555	10	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	595	240	360	20	0	15
6 Sales and service occupations	4,975	1,820	3,160	10	0	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,470	3,300	170	35	30	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	870	715	150	30	10	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	815	690	120	0	0	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	20,780	10,595	10,185	160	70	90
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	485	280	205	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	20,300	10,320	9,985	160	70	90
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,065	770	295	35	10	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	165	155	10	10	0	10
22 Utilities	85	75	10	10	0	0
23 Construction	1,795	1,630	170	20	10	10
31-33 Manufacturing	1,655	1,370	285	15	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	425	315	110	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	2,805	1,225	1,575	10	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	710	560	150	15	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	245	120	120	0	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	555	150	400	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	330	185	145	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,005	510	495	10	0	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,005	570	435	0	10	0
61 Educational services	1,370	375	990	10	10	0
62 Health care and social assistance	2,860	545	2,315	10	0	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	510	220	290	0	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	1,610	595	1,015	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	985	395	585	0	0	0
91 Public administration	1,090	525	565	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	19,235	9,655	9,585	160	70	90
Worked at home	1,920	825	1,090	55	30	30
Worked outside Canada	55	40	15	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,950	2,215	735	15	0	10
Worked at usual place	14,315	6,570	7,740	90	35	55
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	14,315	6,570	7,745	90	35	55
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,300	2,395	2,900	10	0	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,755	2,815	3,940	45	10	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,095	1,210	885	30	25	10
Commute to a different province or territory	170	150	20	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	17,270	8,790	8,480	105	40	65
Car, truck, van - as a driver	14,165	7,255	6,905	90	35	55
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,080	535	545	0	10	10
Public transit	305	165	135	0	0	0
Walked	1,075	435	635	0	10	0
Bicycle	275	165	110	0	0	0
Other method	375	230	145	0	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	17,265	8,785	8,475	105	40	60
Less than 15 minutes	7,385	3,165	4,225	30	15	15
15 to 29 minutes	5,755	2,920	2,830	15	0	10
30 to 44 minutes	1,600	1,005	595	20	15	0
45 to 59 minutes	935	600	340	20	10	15
60 minutes and over	1,590	1,100	490	15	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	17,270	8,785	8,475	100	40	65
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,340	1,010	335	15	0	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,010	1,880	1,135	15	10	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,305	2,260	2,045	45	15	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,910	1,480	2,435	30	0	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,960	650	1,305	0	0	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,745	1,515	1,230	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	22,590	11,425	11,165	200	90	110
Single responses	22,500	11,390	11,110	200	90	110
Official languages	22,455	11,360	11,090	200	95	105
English	22,430	11,360	11,065	200	90	110
French	25	0	30	0	0	0
Non-official languages	50	30	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	35	55	0	0	0
English and French	20	0	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	55	25	30	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	22,585	11,425	11,165	200	95	110
None	22,130	11,250	10,885	190	85	105
English	50	10	40	0	0	0
French	135	60	70	0	0	0
Non-official language	250	90	160	0	0	0
Aboriginal	95	30	65	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	155	60	90	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	42,810	20,710	22,095	395	200	195
Non-movers	37,240	18,025	19,215	355	185	165
Movers	5,570	2,685	2,885	40	15	25
Non-migrants	2,625	1,290	1,335	20	10	15
Migrants	2,945	1,390	1,550	25	10	15
Internal migrants	2,725	1,280	1,445	25	10	15
Intraprovincial migrants	2,120	1,000	1,125	25	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	600	285	320	0	0	0
External migrants	220	110	100	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	41,095	19,840	21,250	390	200	190
Non-movers	25,235	12,270	12,970	295	155	140
Movers	15,855	7,575	8,285	90	40	55
Non-migrants	7,775	3,815	3,960	25	0	20
Migrants	8,080	3,760	4,325	70	35	30
Internal migrants	7,375	3,415	3,955	65	40	30
Intraprovincial migrants	5,575	2,585	2,990	60	35	30
Interprovincial migrants	1,800	835	965	0	0	10
External migrants	710	335	370	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^E

use with caution
After the release of the 2016 or 2011 Census population and dwelling counts, issues affecting the data are occasionally uncovered. It is not possible to make changes to the 2016 or 2011 Census data presented in release tables.
Refer to the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2011 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Duncan [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Squamish-Lillooet B, RDA [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Duncan [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Squamish-Lillooet B, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Duncan [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Squamish-Lillooet B, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Duncan [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Squamish-Lillooet B, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia