Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Williams Lake British Columbia [Census agglomeration]			Boisbriand, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Williams Lake [Census agglomeration], British Columbia Map : Williams Lake [Census agglomeration], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	18,277	...	...	26,884	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	18,490	...	...	26,816	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-1.2	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	8,379	...	...	10,537	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	7,620	...	...	10,288	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.9	...	...	966.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,657.80	...	...	27.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	18,275	9,235	9,040	26,885	13,395	13,490
0 to 14 years	3,050	1,600	1,450	5,185	2,630	2,555
0 to 4 years	995	540	455	1,735	855	875
5 to 9 years	1,030	525	495	1,770	900	870
10 to 14 years	1,025	530	495	1,680	875	800
15 to 64 years	11,900	6,010	5,880	18,705	9,375	9,330
15 to 19 years	1,040	545	495	1,985	1,065	925
20 to 24 years	1,055	560	500	2,265	1,170	1,095
25 to 29 years	1,100	555	540	1,635	870	765
30 to 34 years	1,170	605	565	1,495	760	735
35 to 39 years	1,100	540	560	1,585	785	795
40 to 44 years	1,055	505	550	1,610	770	835
45 to 49 years	1,220	630	590	1,925	925	995
50 to 54 years	1,305	635	665	2,505	1,200	1,300
55 to 59 years	1,465	745	720	2,210	1,105	1,105
60 to 64 years	1,385	695	695	1,495	725	765
65 years and over	3,330	1,625	1,705	2,990	1,385	1,605
65 to 69 years	1,210	625	585	1,130	535	590
70 to 74 years	785	430	360	855	390	465
75 to 79 years	510	235	275	545	260	290
80 to 84 years	390	165	225	285	130	150
85 years and over	430	175	255	185	75	110
85 to 89 years	210	120	95	130	60	70
90 to 94 years	200	55	150	45	10	30
95 to 99 years	10	0	10	10	0	10
100 years and over	0	5	0	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.3	16.0	19.3	19.6	18.9
15 to 64 years	65.1	65.1	65.0	69.6	70.0	69.2
65 years and over	18.2	17.6	18.9	11.1	10.3	11.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.9	2.8	0.7	0.6	0.8
Average age of the population	41.9	41.2	42.6	37.5	36.8	38.2
Median age of the population	43.0	42.0	43.7	37.7	36.2	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
Single-detached house	4,530	...	...	5,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,965	...	...	5,050	...	...
Semi-detached house	260	...	...	615	...	...
Row house	365	...	...	725	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	555	...	...	130	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	770	...	...	3,575	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,120	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	7,620	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 person	2,135	...	...	2,485	...	...
2 persons	2,945	...	...	3,445	...	...
3 persons	1,105	...	...	1,805	...	...
4 persons	900	...	...	1,645	...	...
5 or more persons	520	...	...	900	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,835	...	...	26,830	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	15,230	7,640	7,585	21,700	10,760	10,940
Married or living common law	9,000	4,535	4,460	12,380	6,170	6,210
Married	6,810	3,445	3,365	7,230	3,615	3,615
Living common law	2,190	1,090	1,095	5,155	2,560	2,595
Not married and not living common law	6,225	3,105	3,125	9,320	4,590	4,730
Never married	3,895	2,235	1,660	6,860	3,740	3,120
Separated	530	250	280	315	150	165
Divorced	905	435	470	1,425	520	905
Widowed	900	190	710	720	180	540
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,300	...	...	7,605	...	...
2 persons	3,095	...	...	3,450	...	...
3 persons	1,010	...	...	1,780	...	...
4 persons	830	...	...	1,605	...	...
5 or more persons	365	...	...	770	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,305	...	...	7,600	...	...
Total couple families	4,365	...	...	6,150	...	...
Married couples	3,275	...	...	3,575	...	...
Common-law couples	1,095	...	...	2,575	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	940	...	...	1,450	...	...
Female parent	695	...	...	1,055	...	...
Male parent	245	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	4,365	...	...	6,150	...	...
Couples without children	2,515	...	...	2,565	...	...
Couples with children	1,855	...	...	3,585	...	...
1 child	750	...	...	1,315	...	...
2 children	755	...	...	1,520	...	...
3 or more children	345	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	940	...	...	1,455	...	...
1 child	585	...	...	885	...	...
2 children	260	...	...	460	...	...
3 or more children	95	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,350	1,790	1,560	3,505	1,760	1,750
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
One-census-family households	5,020	...	...	7,415	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	2,420	...	...	2,495	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,600	...	...	4,915	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	145	...	...	90	...	...
Non-census-family households	2,460	...	...	2,780	...	...
One-person households	2,140	...	...	2,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	320	...	...	295	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	17,895	9,065	8,825	26,855	13,380	13,475
English only	17,090	8,710	8,385	1,815	990	830
French only	30	5	25	10,860	4,890	5,965
English and French	700	330	375	13,585	7,180	6,405
Neither English nor French	70	25	50	600	320	280
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	17,895	9,070	8,825	26,855	13,380	13,475
English	17,595	8,930	8,665	2,880	1,550	1,330
French	220	110	110	22,765	11,245	11,525
English and French	10	5	5	620	275	345
Neither English nor French	65	20	45	595	315	280
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	225	115	110	3,190	1,685	1,500
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.2	11.9	12.6	11.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	17,895	9,070	8,825	26,860	13,380	13,480
Single responses	17,680	8,955	8,725	26,265	13,105	13,165
Official languages	16,275	8,285	7,990	22,320	11,100	11,220
English	16,015	8,160	7,855	1,035	560	480
French	255	120	135	21,285	10,545	10,740
Non-official languages	1,410	675	730	3,945	2,000	1,945
Aboriginal languages	270	120	150	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	135	45	85	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	135	45	90	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	130	40	85	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	125	70	55	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	5	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	120	70	50	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,135	550	580	3,945	2,000	1,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	365	190	175
Berber languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	335	175	160
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	280	145	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	55	25	30
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	100	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	90	45	45
Vietnamese	5	0	5	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	30	60	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	25	55	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	70	30	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	890	450	440	3,095	1,595	1,500
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Balto-Slavic languages	90	50	40	90	45	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	45	45	90	40	45
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	25	10	10
Croatian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	25	15	10
Russian	20	10	10	30	5	20
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	385	190	190	2,005	1,035	970
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0	0	0
Danish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	55	35	20	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	255	120	135	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,975	1,025	950
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Greek	5	0	0	95	60	40
Indo-Iranian languages	320	165	155	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	320	165	155	5	5	5
Bengali	0	5	0	0	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	295	145	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5	5	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	50	30	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	50	800	400	400
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	5	180	105	75
Portuguese	20	10	15	145	70	80
Romanian	5	0	0	75	35	40
Spanish	50	20	30	395	185	205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	20	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	25	15	15
Chinese languages	60	25	30	25	15	20
Cantonese	30	10	20	0	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	5	10	20	5	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	210	95	115
Lao	0	0	0	200	95	110
Thai	5	5	5	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	25	5	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	5	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	10	10	0
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	215	110	100	590	280	315
English and French	30	20	15	260	120	140
English and non-official language	185	95	90	125	55	70
French and non-official language	0	0	0	180	85	90
English, French and non-official language	0	5	0	30	15	20
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	17,895	9,070	8,825	26,855	13,380	13,480
Single responses	17,630	8,945	8,685	25,985	12,965	13,020
Official languages	17,155	8,715	8,445	23,175	11,530	11,650
English	17,090	8,690	8,400	1,225	645	575
French	65	20	45	21,950	10,880	11,070
Non-official languages	475	230	245	2,810	1,430	1,375
Aboriginal languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	445	220	230	2,810	1,435	1,375
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	165	85	80
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	155	80	75
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	100	55	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	60	25	30
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	5	0	45	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Vietnamese	5	0	5	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	340	170	170	2,400	1,240	1,165
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	50	25	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	15	5	5
Russian	5	0	5	20	5	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	35	40	1,935	1,010	930
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,940	1,005	925
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	240	120	125	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	240	120	120	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	115	120	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	5	320	150	170
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Spanish	0	0	0	215	100	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	20	5	10
Chinese languages	25	10	15	20	10	10
Cantonese	15	5	5	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	135	65	70
Lao	0	0	0	135	65	70
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	260	120	135	870	420	455
English and French	15	10	10	290	140	150
English and non-official language	240	110	130	160	75	80
French and non-official language	0	5	0	365	170	190
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	35	30
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	17,895	9,065	8,825	26,855	13,385	13,480
None	17,030	8,665	8,365	23,055	11,435	11,615
English	195	90	105	2,110	1,100	1,005
French	115	55	55	715	350	365
Non-official language	555	255	295	770	375	395
Aboriginal	210	95	110	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	345	160	180	770	375	390
English and French	0	0	0	55	30	25
English and non-official language	0	0	0	125	65	60
French and non-official language	5	0	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	14,795	7,450	7,340	21,640	10,745	10,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,335	7,255	7,075	20,625	10,210	10,410
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,659	48,628	26,323	36,584	41,788	31,896
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,345	7,265	7,080	20,635	10,215	10,420
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,308	42,052	24,759	32,100	35,999	28,542
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	12,775	6,650	6,125	18,995	9,630	9,365
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,231	47,907	23,706	32,603	39,185	26,464
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,950	4,440	5,505	14,925	6,740	8,180
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,276	8,093	6,812	4,950	3,552	6,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,970	5,810	5,155	16,580	8,600	7,980
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,610	52,109	24,739	32,999	38,458	27,951
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	14,790	7,460	7,330	21,645	10,745	10,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,315	7,265	7,050	20,605	10,145	10,460
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,769	54,950	32,256	44,434	50,807	38,251
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,325	7,270	7,065	20,620	10,145	10,475
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,128	45,364	28,653	36,347	40,603	32,224
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	12,810	6,730	6,080	19,105	9,650	9,455
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,296	53,394	30,012	41,716	48,857	34,429
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,965	4,370	5,595	14,990	6,795	8,200
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,509	9,097	8,049	7,909	6,489	9,087
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,970	5,895	5,070	16,580	8,580	7,995
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,571	53,497	29,864	41,047	46,216	35,501
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	14,795	7,460	7,330	21,645	10,740	10,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	4,710	2,780	1,930	7,365	4,090	3,270
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,484	67,885	41,012	50,626	57,245	43,454
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,094	70,034	45,759	58,194	64,602	50,180
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.4	89.9	80.4	87.0	91.6	81.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.8	79.2	67.3	74.6	77.5	70.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.6	10.1	19.6	12.9	8.5	18.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	14,790	7,450	7,340	21,645	10,745	10,900
Without total income	455	195	265	1,020	530	490
With total income	14,335	7,260	7,075	20,625	10,215	10,415
Percentage with total income	96.9	97.4	96.4	95.3	95.1	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,945	755	1,190	2,460	1,105	1,355
$10,000 to $19,999	2,380	890	1,485	3,400	1,340	2,060
$20,000 to $29,999	2,050	790	1,265	2,715	1,200	1,515
$30,000 to $39,999	1,715	710	1,005	2,660	1,240	1,425
$40,000 to $49,999	1,280	560	720	2,370	1,150	1,225
$50,000 to $59,999	1,060	590	470	1,845	910	935
$60,000 to $69,999	990	675	320	1,360	765	595
$70,000 to $79,999	790	565	225	1,115	620	495
$80,000 to $89,999	595	440	150	850	525	325
$90,000 to $99,999	470	385	80	505	355	155
$100,000 and over	1,065	900	160	1,345	1,005	340
$100,000 to $149,999	880	750	130	970	715	255
$150,000 and over	185	150	30	375	290	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,790	7,450	7,340	21,645	10,745	10,900
Without after-tax income	445	185	255	1,010	530	480
With after-tax income	14,350	7,270	7,080	20,635	10,215	10,425
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	97.6	96.5	95.3	95.1	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,010	790	1,215	2,575	1,125	1,455
$10,000 to $19,999	2,530	970	1,555	3,550	1,420	2,130
$20,000 to $29,999	2,395	930	1,465	3,440	1,570	1,865
$30,000 to $39,999	1,915	805	1,110	3,420	1,650	1,765
$40,000 to $49,999	1,485	760	720	2,670	1,370	1,300
$50,000 to $59,999	1,315	895	420	1,855	1,010	840
$60,000 to $69,999	965	700	265	1,320	780	540
$70,000 to $79,999	720	565	155	705	460	245
$80,000 and over	1,030	860	170	1,100	825	275
$80,000 to $89,999	445	370	75	370	265	105
$90,000 to $99,999	265	230	35	245	190	55
$100,000 and over	320	260	65	490	375	115
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	14,795	7,450	7,340	21,640	10,745	10,900
Without employment income	3,825	1,640	2,180	5,065	2,145	2,925
With employment income	10,970	5,810	5,155	16,580	8,600	7,980
Percentage with employment income	74.1	78.0	70.2	76.6	80.0	73.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,675	715	960	1,915	1,050	860
$5,000 to $9,999	820	345	470	1,375	585	785
$10,000 to $19,999	1,285	500	775	2,545	1,120	1,420
$20,000 to $29,999	1,190	460	730	1,910	820	1,090
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	430	680	1,835	850	985
$40,000 to $49,999	880	375	505	1,575	770	810
$50,000 to $59,999	790	445	340	1,305	690	610
$60,000 to $69,999	785	540	245	1,035	625	410
$70,000 to $79,999	645	475	170	970	540	430
$80,000 and over	1,795	1,520	280	2,120	1,550	565
$80,000 to $89,999	505	395	105	640	430	210
$90,000 to $99,999	400	340	65	435	315	115
$100,000 and over	890	780	105	1,045	810	240
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,338	...	...	74,762	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,931	...	...	63,817	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,140	...	...	2,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,224	...	...	39,189	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,273	...	...	33,376	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	5,480	...	...	7,805	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,144	...	...	89,662	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,296	...	...	75,989	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,225	...	...	88,989	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,811	...	...	72,851	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,135	...	...	2,485	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,092	...	...	43,648	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,507	...	...	35,915	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	5,480	...	...	7,800	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,709	...	...	103,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,021	...	...	84,629	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	7,620	...	...	10,285	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	65	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...	290	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	355	...	...	355	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	305	...	...	330	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	315	...	...	375	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	315	...	...	465	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	305	...	...	465	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	305	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	545	...	...	955	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	555	...	...	805	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	530	...	...	755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	510	...	...	670	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	470	...	...	590	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,420	...	...	3,495	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	975	...	...	1,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	610	...	...	800	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	565	...	...	895	...	...
$200,000 and over	270	...	...	545	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	150	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	315	...	...	295	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	415	...	...	430	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	365	...	...	430	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	365	...	...	505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	340	...	...	570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	380	...	...	595	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	345	...	...	575	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	710	...	...	1,060	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	665	...	...	980	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	665	...	...	855	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	565	...	...	730	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	510	...	...	620	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,595	...	...	2,345	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	805	...	...	1,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	415	...	...	605	...	...
$150,000 and over	375	...	...	595	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	5,265	...	...	7,605	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,741	...	...	89,799	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,365	...	...	76,067	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,370	...	...	2,450	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,416	...	...	76,197	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,406	...	...	64,185	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,875	...	...	3,600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,490	...	...	116,775	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,447	...	...	97,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	860	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,320	...	...	60,896	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,416	...	...	53,152	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	5,250	...	...	7,600	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,985	...	...	103,588	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,520	...	...	84,682	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,390	...	...	2,440	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,520	...	...	88,582	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,345	...	...	71,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,880	...	...	3,640	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,993	...	...	126,567	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,310	...	...	103,287	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	855	...	...	1,405	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,245	...	...	72,193	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,737	...	...	60,084	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,915	1,585	1,325	3,060	1,560	1,500
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,463	40,960	27,968	36,791	40,256	32,491
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,066	36,181	25,421	31,776	34,409	28,966
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,925	1,575	1,345	3,055	1,455	1,595
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,652	51,243	34,775	42,027	44,704	39,590
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,286	42,717	30,933	34,706	36,134	33,406
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	17,840	9,045	8,790	26,830	13,380	13,455
In the bottom half of the distribution	8,860	4,255	4,605	13,755	6,665	7,095
In the bottom decile	1,830	865	965	1,335	645	690
In the second decile	1,800	825	975	2,385	1,080	1,300
In the third decile	1,705	820	890	3,750	1,805	1,950
In the fourth decile	1,720	840	880	3,235	1,620	1,620
In the fifth decile	1,800	900	900	3,050	1,510	1,540
In the top half of the distribution	8,980	4,790	4,185	13,075	6,715	6,360
In the sixth decile	1,845	950	890	2,920	1,495	1,425
In the seventh decile	1,995	1,060	935	2,960	1,485	1,470
In the eighth decile	2,020	1,070	950	2,965	1,550	1,415
In the ninth decile	1,905	1,050	860	2,445	1,250	1,195
In the top decile	1,215	655	560	1,790	935	855
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	17,305	8,750	8,555	26,830	13,380	13,455
0 to 17 years	3,535	1,845	1,695	6,315	3,255	3,055
0 to 5 years	1,170	635	535	2,105	1,060	1,040
18 to 64 years	10,855	5,455	5,405	17,570	8,750	8,825
65 years and over	2,910	1,455	1,460	2,950	1,375	1,570
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,390	1,085	1,305	2,385	1,095	1,290
0 to 17 years	635	320	310	615	325	290
0 to 5 years	245	135	110	250	125	125
18 to 64 years	1,315	585	735	1,400	650	750
65 years and over	435	175	260	365	115	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.8	12.4	15.3	8.9	8.2	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.3	18.3	9.7	10.0	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	20.9	21.3	20.6	11.9	11.8	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	10.7	13.6	8.0	7.4	8.5
65 years and over (%)	14.9	12.0	17.8	12.4	8.4	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	995	465	530	1,670	785	880
0 to 17 years	250	115	135	375	200	180
0 to 5 years	85	40	45	140	75	65
18 to 64 years	705	330	375	1,075	525	550
65 years and over	35	20	15	220	65	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.3	6.2	6.2	5.9	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	6.2	8.0	5.9	6.1	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	7.3	6.3	8.4	6.7	7.1	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5	6.0	6.9	6.1	6.0	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.4	1.0	7.5	4.7	9.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	17,835	9,050	8,790	26,830	13,375	13,455
Official languages	17,785	9,040	8,745	26,280	13,110	13,170
English	17,785	9,035	8,745	15,420	8,125	7,295
French	650	300	355	24,420	12,050	12,370
Non-official languages	1,915	900	1,020	5,610	2,755	2,855
Aboriginal languages	510	250	260	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	250	100	155	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	250	95	155	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	235	90	145	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	250	145	100	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	250	150	100	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,405	650	760	5,610	2,760	2,855
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	10	670	340	330
Berber languages	0	0	0	30	0	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	650	335	315
Amharic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	495	230	265
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	150	105	45
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	160	85	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	140	70	65
Vietnamese	10	0	10	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	25	75	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	20	65	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	190	55	135
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	195	55	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,115	565	555	4,325	2,195	2,135
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	80	30	50
Balto-Slavic languages	155	85	75	65	25	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	155	85	75	55	20	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	20	15	10	0	0	10
Czech	15	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	10	0	0	10
Russian	55	20	35	40	15	25
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	410	190	220	2,320	1,240	1,080
Afrikaans	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	35	20	10	0	0	0
Dutch	80	40	40	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	280	125	155	70	50	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	2,240	1,185	1,050
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	195	115	80
Indo-Iranian languages	350	185	165	75	50	25
Indo-Aryan languages	350	185	160	30	15	10
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hindi	60	35	20	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	170	150	15	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	25	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	55	45	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	45	30	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	220	105	115	1,655	755	900
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	55	30	25	360	195	155
Portuguese	40	15	20	165	75	85
Romanian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Spanish	135	60	70	1,115	490	630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	20	55	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	75	40	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	45	25	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	10	35	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	20	55	20	35
Chinese languages	30	10	20	55	20	35
Cantonese	20	10	10	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	50	20	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	260	130	135
Lao	0	0	0	245	125	120
Thai	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	15	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	17,840	9,050	8,790	26,830	13,375	13,455
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	17,340	8,860	8,480	26,325	13,100	13,220
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,625	1,890	1,735	6,280	3,285	2,995
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,710	6,965	6,740	20,045	9,820	10,230
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	500	190	310	505	275	230
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	17,835	9,045	8,790	26,830	13,375	13,455
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	16,275	8,325	7,945	24,495	12,220	12,275
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,470	685	780	2,245	1,100	1,140
Before 1981	795	420	370	615	295	315
1981 to 1990	165	60	110	410	200	210
1991 to 2000	140	55	85	480	240	235
2001 to 2010	135	70	70	555	275	275
2001 to 2005	85	45	40	240	130	115
2006 to 2010	55	25	35	315	150	165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	230	90	140	195	90	100
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	95	35	65	90	50	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,470	690	780	2,245	1,100	1,140
Under 5 years	170	95	70	270	110	160
5 to 14 years	310	140	175	465	200	275
15 to 24 years	450	205	235	650	375	280
25 to 44 years	425	185	235	785	405	380
45 years and over	115	50	60	70	15	55
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,470	685	780	2,245	1,105	1,140
Americas	335	150	185	745	405	340
Brazil	0	10	0	10	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	10	45	10	30
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	130	45	90
Jamaica	10	10	0	10	0	10
Mexico	10	10	10	45	25	20
Peru	0	0	0	50	30	20
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	280	125	150	315	220	100
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	140	75	70
Europe	615	325	285	580	300	275
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	20	15	10	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	160	80	75
Germany	125	60	60	20	15	10
Greece	0	0	0	40	15	20
Hungary	10	0	10	15	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Italy	15	15	0	60	35	20
Netherlands	65	40	25	0	0	0
Poland	15	0	10	10	0	0
Portugal	30	15	20	65	30	35
Romania	10	10	0	80	45	35
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	190	95	95	55	35	15
Other places of birth in Europe	95	45	50	75	30	40
Africa	55	30	35	310	125	185
Algeria	0	0	0	75	40	40
Egypt	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	125	45	75
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	20	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	95	35	60
Asia	445	185	260	615	275	335
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	20	15	60	0	50
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	0	0	0
India	225	95	130	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	110	60	55
Pakistan	10	10	0	10	0	10
Philippines	90	20	65	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	40	15	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	10	10
Viet Nam	20	10	10	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	0	330	160	175
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	230	90	140	190	95	100
Americas	15	10	10	90	50	40
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	45	10	35
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	0	10	40	35	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	40	20	15	25	15	10
France	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	0	0	0
Africa	40	20	25	25	0	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nigeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	135	45	95	55	25	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	25	10	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	15	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	75	25	50	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	17,835	9,050	8,790	26,830	13,380	13,450
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,620	755	865	2,415	1,195	1,225
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,735	1,375	1,360	4,000	2,000	1,995
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	13,480	6,915	6,565	20,415	10,185	10,235
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	705	280	425	1,710	845	865
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	385	165	225	670	335	335
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	150	75	80	305	215	85
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	240	90	150	365	115	250
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	300	100	195	610	315	295
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20	15	10	415	195	215
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	17,840	9,045	8,790	26,830	13,380	13,455
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,625	1,770	1,855	295	130	160
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,560	1,735	1,830	270	125	150
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,800	1,360	1,445	90	45	45
Métis	750	370	380	175	75	100
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	40	25	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	20	15	10	25	0	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	14,215	7,280	6,935	26,535	13,245	13,290
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	17,835	9,045	8,790	26,830	13,375	13,455
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,400	1,155	1,245	65	35	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	15,440	7,890	7,545	26,765	13,345	13,420
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	17,840	9,045	8,790	26,830	13,380	13,450
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,560	790	770	165	100	65
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,555	790	765	155	90	65
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,455	740	715	115	70	45
Métis single ancestry	100	50	50	40	20	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	10	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	10	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,295	1,125	1,165	780	350	430
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,180	1,100	1,080	775	345	420
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,585	800	785	625	290	335
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	570	280	290	150	60	90
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	115	30	90	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	25	85	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	13,985	7,130	6,855	25,885	12,935	12,955
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	17,840	9,050	8,790	26,830	13,375	13,455
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	890	405	490	2,035	935	1,095
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	425	235	190	70	30	40
Chinese	30	0	20	80	15	65
Black	75	20	50	505	195	310
Filipino	105	25	75	10	10	10
Latin American	15	0	15	390	195	195
Arab	0	0	0	420	210	210
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	35	25	10	460	240	220
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	35	30	10
Korean	60	20	40	0	0	0
Japanese	45	15	35	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	35	10	20	15	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	65	35	30	50	20	35
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	16,945	8,645	8,300	24,795	12,440	12,355
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	17,835	9,050	8,790	26,830	13,375	13,455
North American Aboriginal origins	3,850	1,915	1,935	945	445	500
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,160	1,565	1,595	755	365	390
Inuit	30	15	10	10	0	0
Métis	785	365	425	205	90	115
Other North American origins	5,240	2,675	2,565	16,825	8,340	8,485
Acadian	10	0	0	130	75	55
American	420	220	200	275	140	135
Canadian	4,985	2,540	2,445	15,980	7,885	8,100
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Québécois	0	0	0	720	400	320
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	12,925	6,585	6,335	11,520	5,835	5,680
British Isles origins	9,050	4,605	4,450	2,130	1,075	1,060
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	5,585	2,830	2,755	680	345	335
Irish	3,270	1,670	1,600	1,230	610	625
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	4,255	2,050	2,210	455	230	225
Welsh	545	275	270	10	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	265	145	120	60	25	30
French origins	2,255	1,050	1,205	6,240	3,120	3,115
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	40	20	20
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	2,255	1,045	1,205	6,210	3,110	3,100
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,455	2,290	2,165	885	460	425
Austrian	215	115	100	155	65	90
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	105	30	70	135	75	60
Dutch	1,040	575	465	45	20	30
Flemish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	3,265	1,675	1,590	525	275	250
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swiss	165	85	85	50	30	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,630	865	765	25	10	15
Danish	190	115	80	0	0	10
Finnish	125	65	60	0	0	0
Icelandic	125	75	50	0	0	0
Norwegian	720	365	355	10	0	0
Swedish	590	285	300	15	10	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	65	40	20	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	2,425	1,205	1,225	1,525	755	770
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0	10	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	85	30	55	25	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	15	10	10	35	15	25
Estonian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	200	95	110	940	460	480
Latvian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	20	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	550	265	290	415	205	210
Romanian	185	85	100	330	175	150
Russian	515	255	260	100	45	50
Slovak	20	10	15	15	0	0
Ukrainian	1,185	620	570	135	60	80
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	715	315	400	2,090	1,095	1,000
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	100	55	45	10	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	0	15	295	180	115
Italian	415	195	220	1,270	640	635
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	65	30	35	295	140	155
Serbian	10	0	10	20	15	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	115	35	75	245	135	115
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	0	15	10	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	110	65	40	925	495	425
Basque	0	0	0	30	20	15
Jewish	20	20	0	825	450	380
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	90	50	40	65	35	35
Caribbean origins	55	30	25	405	150	255
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	15	10	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	0	315	110	200
Jamaican	15	10	10	30	15	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	30	10	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	10	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	140	85	55	525	260	270
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	0	10	45	25	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	30	15	15	85	55	35
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Guatemalan	0	0	0	35	20	20
Guyanese	0	10	0	10	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	85	50	35	90	40	50
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	95	50	45
Salvadorean	0	0	0	110	45	65
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	40	15	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	10	10	0
African origins	85	35	55	710	320	385
Central and West African origins	20	0	15	115	50	60
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0	495	225	270
Algerian	0	0	0	120	60	55
Berber	0	0	0	40	25	20
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	70	35	30
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	220	85	140
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	50	20	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	25	15	10	35	10	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	15	15	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other African origins	45	15	30	75	35	35
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	40	10	30	75	40	35
Asian origins	875	390	485	1,360	680	680
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	60	15	45	720	360	360
Afghan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	65	25	35
Armenian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	10	45	35	10
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	125	70	55
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	25	10	15
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	40	10	35	240	110	130
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	15	10	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	10	115	50	70
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	40	25	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	425	220	200	25	15	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	390	205	185	20	15	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	10	0	15	10	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	395	155	240	595	290	305
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	170	90	80
Chinese	80	30	50	160	60	100
Filipino	110	30	75	20	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	80	30	45	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	25	55	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	295	160	135
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	25	10	70	30	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	35	25	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Oceania origins	160	85	80	0	0	0
Australian	60	25	40	0	0	0
New Zealander	45	30	20	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	50	25	25	0	0	0
Fijian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hawaiian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
Owner	5,420	...	...	7,015	...	...
Renter	2,125	...	...	3,270	...	...
Band housing	80	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	7,620	...	...	10,285	...	...
Condominium	390	...	...	1,265	...	...
Not condominium	7,235	...	...	9,020	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	600	...	...	665	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,070	...	...	3,105	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,475	...	...	4,035	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,460	...	...	2,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	7,620	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,770	...	...	2,565	...	...
5 rooms	1,200	...	...	1,725	...	...
6 rooms	1,040	...	...	1,320	...	...
7 rooms	990	...	...	1,475	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,620	...	...	3,200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,555	...	...	10,085	...	...
More than 1 person per room	60	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
Suitable	7,375	...	...	9,885	...	...
Not suitable	250	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
1960 or before	620	...	...	590	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,010	...	...	3,415	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,090	...	...	2,775	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,115	...	...	2,385	...	...
2001 to 2005	265	...	...	370	...	...
2006 to 2010	320	...	...	375	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	205	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	7,620	...	...	10,285	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	7,070	...	...	9,675	...	...
Major repairs needed	550	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	7,620	...	...	10,285	...	...
1 household maintainer	4,645	...	...	5,835	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,815	...	...	4,335	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	160	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	7,620	...	...	10,290	...	...
15 to 24 years	345	...	...	295	...	...
25 to 34 years	985	...	...	1,445	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,275	...	...	1,695	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,400	...	...	2,660	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,655	...	...	2,275	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,180	...	...	1,265	...	...
75 to 84 years	610	...	...	575	...	...
85 years and over	175	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	7,325	...	...	10,280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,220	...	...	8,605	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,100	...	...	1,675	...	...
30% to less than 100%	950	...	...	1,545	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,265	...	...	7,010	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	65.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	8.2	...	...	11.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	721	...	...	1,169	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	901	...	...	1,186	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	229,979	...	...	286,423	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	247,958	...	...	306,079	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,085	...	...	3,275	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.5	...	...	27.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	821	...	...	773	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	852	...	...	815	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	14,790	7,460	7,335	21,640	10,745	10,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,590	2,010	1,575	4,005	2,305	1,700
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,035	2,305	2,730	5,555	2,625	2,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,170	3,140	3,030	12,085	5,815	6,270
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,875	1,490	385	3,715	2,295	1,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	775	475	305	2,670	1,455	1,220
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,100	1,020	85	1,045	840	205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,215	810	1,405	4,230	1,760	2,470
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	540	150	385	830	300	530
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,540	690	855	3,315	1,460	1,850
Bachelor's degree	1,045	450	600	2,445	1,070	1,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	35	55	290	105	190
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	45	45	50	25	25
Master's degree	265	125	140	460	240	220
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50	30	20	60	25	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	9,630	4,810	4,825	14,415	7,055	7,360
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,680	970	710	1,735	1,010	725
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,410	1,565	1,845	3,265	1,565	1,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,545	2,275	2,270	9,415	4,480	4,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,380	1,095	285	2,835	1,685	1,150
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	555	340	220	2,010	1,020	980
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	820	750	70	830	660	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,640	585	1,050	3,110	1,315	1,795
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365	105	260	645	240	405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,160	490	675	2,825	1,240	1,580
Bachelor's degree	820	355	465	2,090	930	1,160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	55	15	40	240	80	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	35	35	50	25	30
Master's degree	195	65	130	390	180	205
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25	20	10	50	30	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	14,795	7,460	7,330	21,640	10,740	10,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,620	4,315	4,305	9,560	4,930	4,630
Education	490	110	375	945	190	750
13. Education	485	110	375	940	190	755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	105	45	65	440	180	260
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	100	55	45
50. Visual and performing arts	90	30	60	340	125	220
Humanities	190	90	105	630	240	390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	60	10	55
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	25	35	415	155	260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	40	15	40	35	10
54. History	15	0	10	30	15	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	65	20	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	435	140	300	945	210	735
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	15	10	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	10	90	25	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	10	115	355	30	330
22. Legal professions and studies	85	35	55	130	35	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	0	0	10
42. Psychology	50	15	35	150	30	120
45. Social sciences	135	70	65	205	90	115
Business, management and public administration	910	170	740	3,020	1,100	1,920
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	20	85	100	15	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	805	155	655	2,910	1,080	1,830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140	85	60	470	270	200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	35	20	110	50	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	15	20	85	60	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	130	65	70
40. Physical sciences	35	25	10	115	90	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10	30	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80	50	35	435	310	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	40	30	390	290	100
25. Library science	10	0	10	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	20	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,775	1,710	65	2,510	2,345	160
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	50	35	15
14. Engineering	120	110	10	345	310	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	145	135	10	505	450	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	495	475	20	675	655	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	710	685	25	570	560	0
48. Precision production	290	290	0	360	340	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	440	330	110	110	65	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	100	50	50	95	60	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	280	60	15	10	15
Health and related fields	1,080	185	900	1,385	225	1,155
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	55	30	20	140	60	80
51. Health professions and related programs	1,015	150	860	1,235	160	1,070
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	0	15	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	510	235	270	1,195	675	520
12. Personal and culinary services	310	65	250	545	145	405
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	45	30	15	365	300	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	140	10	275	230	45
Other	0	0	0	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	9,630	4,805	4,825	14,410	7,055	7,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,090	2,530	2,560	5,000	2,570	2,425
Education	320	70	255	685	135	545
13. Education	320	70	250	685	140	550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	35	50	360	140	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	10	80	45	35
50. Visual and performing arts	75	30	40	280	95	185
Humanities	125	45	85	335	120	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	10	50	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	30	0	30	0	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	15	30	185	75	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	30	0	20	20	0
54. History	10	10	10	20	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	50	10	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	355	110	245	765	160	605
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	10	80	20	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	0	90	285	15	270
22. Legal professions and studies	65	15	45	110	25	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	10	0	10	0	10
42. Psychology	45	15	30	115	20	90
45. Social sciences	110	55	50	165	75	90
Business, management and public administration	665	120	540	2,470	870	1,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	15	65	95	20	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	585	110	475	2,365	855	1,515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	35	40	295	200	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	25	0	80	50	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20	65	40	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	25	20	10
40. Physical sciences	10	10	10	100	80	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	65	40	30	395	285	110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	35	25	360	265	90
25. Library science	0	0	0	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	20	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,325	1,260	60	1,940	1,785	150
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	40	25	20
14. Engineering	100	90	10	290	250	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	105	100	10	385	345	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	335	315	15	480	465	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	555	530	20	460	450	0
48. Precision production	225	225	0	275	255	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345	245	95	85	45	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	80	45	35	70	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	200	60	15	0	10
Health and related fields	785	130	660	1,130	195	930
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	55	30	20	110	50	60
51. Health professions and related programs	725	100	625	1,010	140	870
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	0	15	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	405	185	220	960	535	425
12. Personal and culinary services	260	55	205	425	95	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	40	25	10	280	235	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	95	0	250	210	45
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	14,790	7,460	7,330	21,640	10,745	10,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,620	4,315	4,305	9,555	4,925	4,625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,170	3,145	3,025	12,085	5,815	6,275
Location of study inside Canada	5,725	2,925	2,800	11,665	5,590	6,075
Same as province or territory of residence	4,820	2,415	2,400	11,435	5,465	5,970
Different than province or territory of residence	905	510	395	230	125	100
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	450	215	230	420	225	195
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	165	85	80	55	40	20
Philippines	30	10	15	0	0	0
India	20	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	65	30	40	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	10	0
France	0	0	0	70	40	30
Other	170	90	80	265	135	135
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	9,635	4,805	4,825	14,410	7,055	7,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,090	2,535	2,555	4,995	2,575	2,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,545	2,275	2,270	9,415	4,480	4,935
Location of study inside Canada	4,240	2,145	2,090	9,070	4,305	4,770
Same as province or territory of residence	3,635	1,825	1,815	8,920	4,225	4,695
Different than province or territory of residence	600	325	280	150	75	75
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	305	130	175	345	175	170
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	90	30	55	50	30	20
Philippines	25	10	15	0	0	10
India	20	0	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	35	10	30	15	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	50	30	20
Other	135	70	65	220	110	115
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	14,790	7,455	7,330	21,645	10,745	10,900
In the labour force	9,690	5,330	4,360	15,475	7,910	7,565
Employed	8,845	4,745	4,100	14,515	7,405	7,110
Unemployed	840	590	255	960	505	455
Not in the labour force	5,105	2,130	2,975	6,165	2,835	3,335
Participation rate	65.5	71.5	59.5	71.5	73.6	69.4
Employment rate	59.8	63.6	55.9	67.1	68.9	65.2
Unemployment rate	8.7	11.1	5.8	6.2	6.4	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	14,790	7,460	7,335	21,640	10,745	10,900
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	4,615	1,925	2,695	5,785	2,605	3,175
Worked	10,175	5,540	4,640	15,860	8,135	7,725
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	4,775	2,805	1,970	7,525	4,220	3,300
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,400	2,730	2,675	8,335	3,915	4,420
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.8	41.0	43.0	43.4	42.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	9,690	5,330	4,360	15,480	7,910	7,570
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	150	75	75	260	110	150
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	9,540	5,255	4,280	15,215	7,800	7,420
Employee	8,475	4,605	3,865	13,530	6,795	6,735
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,065	650	415	1,690	1,005	685
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	9,690	5,330	4,360	15,480	7,910	7,565
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	145	70	75	260	110	145
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	9,540	5,255	4,285	15,215	7,795	7,420
0 Management occupations	835	440	395	1,520	985	540
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,065	205	860	2,630	805	1,830
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	420	320	95	865	690	175
3 Health occupations	515	60	460	900	145	755
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	875	245	630	1,870	575	1,300
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	130	70	60	410	150	265
6 Sales and service occupations	2,155	695	1,465	4,155	1,870	2,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,100	1,980	125	2,135	2,030	110
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	765	655	105	95	90	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	685	590	95	620	475	150
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	9,690	5,330	4,360	15,480	7,910	7,570
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	145	75	75	260	110	150
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	9,545	5,255	4,285	15,215	7,800	7,420
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	835	675	160	35	15	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	595	540	60	35	35	0
22 Utilities	70	55	15	125	65	60
23 Construction	705	620	85	1,080	940	140
31-33 Manufacturing	1,010	875	135	1,785	1,280	505
41 Wholesale trade	250	205	45	890	590	300
44-45 Retail trade	1,300	535	765	2,215	970	1,250
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	455	365	90	745	570	175
51 Information and cultural industries	85	45	40	360	240	125
52 Finance and insurance	210	60	150	595	185	410
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145	65	85	250	135	115
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	370	140	225	895	440	455
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	320	155	170	600	385	210
61 Educational services	520	170	350	1,235	370	865
62 Health care and social assistance	950	130	825	1,630	265	1,360
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	115	35	75	325	205	125
72 Accommodation and food services	640	175	465	1,055	490	565
81 Other services (except public administration)	440	215	230	565	215	345
91 Public administration	525	210	315	800	420	390
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	8,850	4,740	4,105	14,515	7,405	7,115
Worked at home	490	250	245	920	450	475
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	25	20	0
No fixed workplace address	1,160	950	205	1,520	1,175	345
Worked at usual place	7,170	3,525	3,645	12,055	5,755	6,300
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	7,170	3,525	3,645	12,055	5,755	6,300
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,035	1,905	2,135	2,125	1,070	1,050
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,980	1,525	1,460	1,640	545	1,090
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	130	80	45	8,275	4,135	4,140
Commute to a different province or territory	30	20	10	15	0	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	8,330	4,475	3,850	13,575	6,930	6,640
Car, truck, van - as a driver	6,775	3,555	3,225	11,495	5,990	5,505
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	590	330	255	520	210	310
Public transit	365	275	90	790	315	475
Walked	405	180	230	565	250	310
Bicycle	90	65	25	85	65	20
Other method	105	70	25	120	100	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	8,330	4,480	3,855	13,570	6,930	6,640
Less than 15 minutes	4,990	2,390	2,600	3,415	1,540	1,875
15 to 29 minutes	1,935	990	940	4,445	2,110	2,335
30 to 44 minutes	420	250	175	2,820	1,645	1,175
45 to 59 minutes	325	290	40	1,405	790	615
60 minutes and over	655	560	95	1,485	840	645
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	8,330	4,480	3,855	13,570	6,930	6,640
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	865	730	140	1,320	1,045	280
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,160	820	340	2,690	1,610	1,080
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,215	1,180	1,035	3,435	1,500	1,930
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,900	650	1,255	2,170	780	1,395
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	795	215	585	1,615	635	980
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,390	880	505	2,350	1,365	985
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	10,555	5,695	4,860	16,295	8,360	7,935
Single responses	10,530	5,685	4,840	15,070	7,675	7,395
Official languages	10,515	5,685	4,830	14,745	7,525	7,220
English	10,500	5,675	4,825	1,200	735	465
French	15	15	0	13,545	6,790	6,755
Non-official languages	10	0	10	320	155	170
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	0	10	325	155	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	320	150	170
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	315	150	160
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	310	150	165
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	1,225	680	545
English and French	15	0	10	1,150	650	500
English and non-official language	15	10	10	25	15	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	15	20
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	10,560	5,700	4,860	16,295	8,360	7,935
None	10,475	5,680	4,795	10,090	4,930	5,155
English	0	0	10	5,250	2,835	2,415
French	15	0	10	765	485	280
Non-official language	60	15	45	140	80	60
Aboriginal	30	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	30	10	20	140	80	60
English and French	0	0	0	15	0	15
English and non-official language	0	0	0	20	20	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	17,680	9,000	8,685	26,480	13,190	13,285
Non-movers	15,075	7,795	7,280	23,910	11,925	11,985
Movers	2,605	1,200	1,405	2,570	1,270	1,300
Non-migrants	1,660	800	860	935	435	500
Migrants	950	405	545	1,630	835	800
Internal migrants	865	380	490	1,570	805	770
Intraprovincial migrants	725	305	420	1,545	795	755
Interprovincial migrants	145	75	70	25	10	15
External migrants	80	25	50	65	35	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	16,900	8,545	8,355	25,090	12,460	12,625
Non-movers	10,340	5,310	5,030	16,830	8,315	8,510
Movers	6,555	3,235	3,320	8,260	4,145	4,115
Non-migrants	3,770	1,900	1,875	3,385	1,715	1,665
Migrants	2,785	1,340	1,445	4,880	2,430	2,450
Internal migrants	2,530	1,235	1,295	4,660	2,335	2,325
Intraprovincial migrants	2,045	995	1,050	4,585	2,295	2,290
Interprovincial migrants	485	240	245	80	45	40
External migrants	255	100	155	215	95	120

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Williams Lake [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Boisbriand, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Williams Lake [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Census agglomeration], British Columbia and Boisbriand, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec