Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska, County [Census division], New Brunswick and Cape Breton--Canso [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Madawaska, CT New Brunswick [Census division]			Cape Breton--Canso Nova Scotia [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Madawaska, County [Census division], New Brunswick Map : Madawaska, County [Census division], New Brunswick Change geography 1			Data quality : Cape Breton--Canso [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	32,741	...	...	71,913	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,422	...	...	75,247	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-2.0	...	...	-4.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,774	...	...	37,977	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,505	...	...	31,246	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9.5	...	...	8.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,461.89	...	...	8,752.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	32,740	16,020	16,720	71,910	34,860	37,055
0 to 14 years	4,345	2,220	2,120	9,655	5,010	4,645
0 to 4 years	1,240	660	575	2,690	1,380	1,310
5 to 9 years	1,555	785	770	3,320	1,775	1,545
10 to 14 years	1,550	770	780	3,645	1,860	1,785
15 to 64 years	21,060	10,440	10,620	44,520	21,585	22,930
15 to 19 years	1,525	740	780	3,995	2,035	1,960
20 to 24 years	1,405	725	675	3,575	1,835	1,740
25 to 29 years	1,440	740	700	2,930	1,450	1,485
30 to 34 years	1,660	825	840	3,065	1,495	1,570
35 to 39 years	1,870	925	950	3,415	1,575	1,840
40 to 44 years	1,985	1,025	965	4,005	1,880	2,125
45 to 49 years	2,115	1,040	1,075	4,600	2,225	2,375
50 to 54 years	2,790	1,370	1,420	5,780	2,665	3,110
55 to 59 years	3,285	1,590	1,695	6,510	3,145	3,370
60 to 64 years	2,985	1,475	1,515	6,640	3,285	3,360
65 years and over	7,335	3,365	3,975	17,740	8,255	9,485
65 to 69 years	2,695	1,350	1,345	6,310	3,145	3,165
70 to 74 years	1,750	865	895	4,440	2,145	2,295
75 to 79 years	1,205	520	680	3,100	1,465	1,635
80 to 84 years	875	360	515	2,085	890	1,195
85 years and over	810	275	540	1,810	610	1,200
85 to 89 years	515	175	340	1,105	425	685
90 to 94 years	245	85	165	540	150	385
95 to 99 years	45	10	30	145	30	120
100 years and over	5	0	5	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	13.9	12.7	13.4	14.4	12.5
15 to 64 years	64.3	65.2	63.5	61.9	61.9	61.9
65 years and over	22.4	21.0	23.8	24.7	23.7	25.6
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	46.1	45.2	47.0	46.4	45.5	47.3
Median age of the population	50.1	49.0	51.0	50.7	49.8	51.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Single-detached house	10,530	...	...	24,915	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	80	...	...	5	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	3,475	...	...	4,215	...	...
Semi-detached house	430	...	...	1,535	...	...
Row house	370	...	...	190	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	695	...	...	625	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,895	...	...	1,800	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	420	...	...	2,110	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
1 person	4,410	...	...	9,040	...	...
2 persons	5,955	...	...	12,340	...	...
3 persons	2,075	...	...	4,765	...	...
4 persons	1,560	...	...	3,370	...	...
5 or more persons	500	...	...	1,735	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,490	...	...	70,945	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	28,395	13,800	14,595	62,260	29,845	32,415
Married or living common law	17,430	8,720	8,710	35,465	17,730	17,735
Married	12,320	6,165	6,160	30,225	15,115	15,110
Living common law	5,105	2,555	2,550	5,240	2,615	2,625
Not married and not living common law	10,970	5,085	5,885	26,800	12,115	14,680
Never married	6,275	3,435	2,840	16,105	8,610	7,495
Separated	955	430	525	2,015	875	1,140
Divorced	1,475	730	750	3,520	1,570	1,950
Widowed	2,265	490	1,770	5,150	1,060	4,090
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,905	...	...	21,825	...	...
2 persons	6,065	...	...	12,865	...	...
3 persons	2,000	...	...	4,655	...	...
4 persons	1,465	...	...	3,050	...	...
5 or more persons	370	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,905	...	...	21,825	...	...
Total couple families	8,540	...	...	17,485	...	...
Married couples	5,990	...	...	14,860	...	...
Common-law couples	2,545	...	...	2,620	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,365	...	...	4,345	...	...
Female parent	1,045	...	...	3,480	...	...
Male parent	320	...	...	860	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,540	...	...	17,485	...	...
Couples without children	5,150	...	...	10,180	...	...
Couples with children	3,390	...	...	7,305	...	...
1 child	1,645	...	...	3,485	...	...
2 children	1,390	...	...	2,690	...	...
3 or more children	350	...	...	1,130	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,360	...	...	4,345	...	...
1 child	910	...	...	2,685	...	...
2 children	355	...	...	1,170	...	...
3 or more children	95	...	...	490	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,535	2,665	2,865	12,285	5,680	6,605
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
One-census-family households	9,635	...	...	20,855	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	5,035	...	...	9,840	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,605	...	...	11,010	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	130	...	...	480	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,735	...	...	9,910	...	...
One-person households	4,410	...	...	9,035	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	330	...	...	870	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	32,110	15,755	16,350	71,250	34,650	36,605
English only	565	275	280	62,750	30,795	31,955
French only	12,275	5,880	6,395	90	25	65
English and French	19,235	9,580	9,655	8,360	3,805	4,555
Neither English nor French	35	15	15	55	30	30
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	32,105	15,755	16,350	71,250	34,650	36,605
English	1,770	830	945	66,715	32,495	34,225
French	30,145	14,825	15,325	4,395	2,090	2,305
English and French	155	90	70	95	45	45
Neither English nor French	30	20	15	55	25	25
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	30,225	14,870	15,355	4,440	2,110	2,335
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	94.1	94.4	93.9	6.2	6.1	6.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	32,105	15,755	16,350	71,255	34,650	36,605
Single responses	31,710	15,570	16,135	70,750	34,410	36,340
Official languages	31,410	15,415	15,995	68,840	33,425	35,410
English	1,645	770	875	64,230	31,255	32,975
French	29,765	14,650	15,120	4,605	2,170	2,435
Non-official languages	295	160	140	1,915	985	930
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	825	410	415
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	820	405	410
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	820	405	415
Malecite	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	820	405	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	290	155	135	1,085	575	510
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	60	30	75	50	25
Berber languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	55	25	70	50	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	55	30	70	45	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	15	5	5	10	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	50	20	30
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	50	15	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	5	0	10	10	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	50	60	695	355	340
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	60	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	55	25	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Polish	5	0	5	20	5	15
Russian	5	5	0	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ukrainian	5	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	25	25
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	450	225	225
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dutch	5	0	0	130	60	70
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	5	5	295	150	150
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	5	0	0	20	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	40	25	10
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	40	25	10
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20	15	5
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	30	40	80	45	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	35	20	15
Portuguese	5	0	5	10	5	0
Romanian	50	25	30	5	0	5
Spanish	15	5	10	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	30	15	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	5	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	165	95	70
Chinese languages	20	10	10	165	95	70
Cantonese	15	5	5	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	0	105	60	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	30	20	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	10	5	5
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5	15	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	400	185	215	505	240	270
English and French	375	165	205	350	170	185
English and non-official language	5	5	5	145	65	75
French and non-official language	20	15	5	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	32,105	15,755	16,350	71,250	34,650	36,605
Single responses	31,575	15,495	16,080	70,770	34,420	36,345
Official languages	31,415	15,410	16,005	69,860	33,940	35,920
English	1,415	695	720	67,360	32,790	34,565
French	30,000	14,715	15,290	2,500	1,150	1,350
Non-official languages	160	90	70	905	480	425
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	450	220	230
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	450	220	230
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	450	220	235
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	450	215	230
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	160	85	70	460	260	195
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	15	60	35	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	30	15	55	40	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	35	15	60	35	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	10	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	220	115	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	10	0	5	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	5	5	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	25	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	145	75	70
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	0	130	70	60
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	20	10	5
Bengali	0	5	0	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	20	15	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	5	0	5	0	5
Portuguese	5	5	5	0	5	5
Romanian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	0	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	15	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	105	60	40
Chinese languages	25	10	10	105	65	40
Cantonese	10	5	5	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	0	70	45	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	5	15	10	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	5	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	530	260	275	485	225	260
English and French	460	230	235	235	95	135
English and non-official language	25	10	15	250	125	125
French and non-official language	35	20	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	32,110	15,760	16,350	71,255	34,650	36,605
None	26,960	13,215	13,745	67,385	32,885	34,500
English	4,360	2,145	2,215	1,505	720	780
French	680	340	340	1,605	695	910
Non-official language	90	45	40	740	340	400
Aboriginal	0	5	5	320	140	175
Non-Aboriginal	80	45	35	420	195	225
English and French	5	0	0	5	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	5	5	0	0
French and non-official language	0	5	0	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	27,150	13,325	13,825	61,305	29,490	31,815
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	26,375	13,025	13,350	58,975	28,445	30,535
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,376	36,075	23,832	29,179	35,213	24,390
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	26,380	13,020	13,355	58,985	28,445	30,540
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,815	32,009	22,393	26,785	31,467	23,043
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	22,555	11,555	11,005	48,885	24,365	24,520
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,904	33,137	21,508	24,873	29,828	20,746
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,060	9,115	10,950	48,475	22,480	25,985
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,199	9,205	7,340	10,468	11,992	9,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	18,340	9,700	8,635	38,140	19,280	18,855
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,238	33,871	23,519	25,889	30,510	22,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	27,150	13,365	13,785	61,250	29,565	31,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	26,335	13,070	13,260	58,880	28,510	30,375
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,060	42,348	29,863	37,961	45,413	30,968
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	26,350	13,070	13,275	58,895	28,505	30,385
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,975	35,809	26,216	31,925	37,264	26,917
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	22,640	11,620	11,015	48,750	24,395	24,360
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,069	40,161	27,642	35,127	42,281	27,963
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,905	9,025	10,885	48,390	22,515	25,875
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,953	9,609	8,408	10,801	11,688	10,029
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	18,340	9,830	8,505	38,060	19,340	18,720
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,516	38,838	29,523	36,251	43,246	29,023
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	27,150	13,365	13,785	61,250	29,565	31,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	8,410	4,620	3,790	14,365	7,155	7,215
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	42,448	47,276	36,302	46,287	53,983	40,958
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,581	54,056	41,904	54,535	61,529	47,602
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	80.8	83.9	76.4	76.8	79.7	72.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.7	69.0	63.4	61.7	64.5	57.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	19.2	16.1	23.6	23.2	20.3	27.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	27,150	13,325	13,825	61,305	29,490	31,810
Without total income	775	300	475	2,325	1,050	1,280
With total income	26,375	13,020	13,345	58,975	28,445	30,530
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.7	96.5	96.2	96.5	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,450	1,295	2,155	8,210	3,350	4,855
$10,000 to $19,999	5,255	1,940	3,320	11,750	4,320	7,435
$20,000 to $29,999	4,760	1,940	2,820	10,260	4,425	5,840
$30,000 to $39,999	4,120	2,215	1,900	8,260	3,925	4,340
$40,000 to $49,999	3,135	1,910	1,225	6,025	3,075	2,955
$50,000 to $59,999	1,855	1,250	610	4,120	2,390	1,730
$60,000 to $69,999	1,200	780	420	2,710	1,805	905
$70,000 to $79,999	985	530	450	2,175	1,345	835
$80,000 to $89,999	565	340	230	1,745	1,000	745
$90,000 to $99,999	295	220	75	1,050	680	365
$100,000 and over	760	605	145	2,665	2,130	535
$100,000 to $149,999	565	460	105	1,940	1,500	440
$150,000 and over	190	145	45	720	625	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	27,150	13,325	13,825	61,305	29,490	31,810
Without after-tax income	770	305	470	2,320	1,045	1,270
With after-tax income	26,380	13,025	13,360	58,985	28,445	30,540
Percentage with after-tax income	97.2	97.7	96.6	96.2	96.5	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,555	1,310	2,245	8,470	3,405	5,065
$10,000 to $19,999	5,570	2,055	3,515	12,455	4,635	7,815
$20,000 to $29,999	5,800	2,570	3,230	12,215	5,425	6,795
$30,000 to $39,999	4,800	2,795	2,010	9,600	4,745	4,855
$40,000 to $49,999	2,835	1,815	1,025	6,145	3,500	2,650
$50,000 to $59,999	1,640	1,035	605	3,735	2,420	1,310
$60,000 to $69,999	1,060	580	475	2,675	1,565	1,110
$70,000 to $79,999	425	315	105	1,475	975	505
$80,000 and over	690	545	140	2,220	1,780	435
$80,000 to $89,999	245	200	50	820	615	205
$90,000 to $99,999	150	115	35	425	340	80
$100,000 and over	295	235	60	975	820	150
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	27,150	13,325	13,825	61,305	29,490	31,810
Without employment income	8,815	3,625	5,185	23,165	10,210	12,955
With employment income	18,340	9,700	8,640	38,140	19,280	18,855
Percentage with employment income	67.6	72.8	62.5	62.2	65.4	59.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,470	1,285	1,190	5,480	2,470	3,010
$5,000 to $9,999	1,585	625	960	3,900	1,640	2,260
$10,000 to $19,999	2,770	1,205	1,565	6,570	3,105	3,465
$20,000 to $29,999	2,840	1,235	1,610	5,090	2,315	2,775
$30,000 to $39,999	2,435	1,335	1,105	4,215	1,785	2,435
$40,000 to $49,999	2,045	1,240	805	3,085	1,510	1,575
$50,000 to $59,999	1,245	845	400	2,445	1,470	970
$60,000 to $69,999	895	600	285	1,720	1,145	575
$70,000 to $79,999	855	445	410	1,530	915	615
$80,000 and over	1,200	885	315	4,110	2,920	1,190
$80,000 to $89,999	425	270	155	1,360	745	620
$90,000 to $99,999	250	190	60	830	555	280
$100,000 and over	525	425	95	1,915	1,625	295
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,146	...	...	56,720	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,780	...	...	50,706	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,410	...	...	9,040	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,248	...	...	25,673	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	23,936	...	...	24,386	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,095	...	...	22,210	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,376	...	...	72,687	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	61,312	...	...	63,820	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,464	...	...	71,540	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,261	...	...	60,178	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,405	...	...	9,035	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,396	...	...	35,940	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,262	...	...	30,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,100	...	...	22,210	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,882	...	...	86,025	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	68,469	...	...	72,181	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	325	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	480	...	...	635	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	905	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	920	...	...	1,995	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	870	...	...	1,830	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	845	...	...	1,630	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	970	...	...	1,850	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	885	...	...	1,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	700	...	...	1,525	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	660	...	...	1,465	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,295	...	...	2,565	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,130	...	...	2,375	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	...	...	2,100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	895	...	...	1,800	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	690	...	...	1,375	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,665	...	...	7,170	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,215	...	...	2,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	700	...	...	1,730	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	515	...	...	1,750	...	...
$200,000 and over	235	...	...	960	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	345	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	480	...	...	635	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	920	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	965	...	...	2,085	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	985	...	...	2,050	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,000	...	...	1,860	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,095	...	...	2,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	930	...	...	1,965	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	840	...	...	1,720	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	805	...	...	1,720	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,490	...	...	3,165	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,305	...	...	2,705	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,055	...	...	2,260	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	820	...	...	1,745	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	620	...	...	1,365	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,620	...	...	4,615	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	955	...	...	2,345	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	365	...	...	1,210	...	...
$150,000 and over	295	...	...	1,060	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,880	...	...	21,720	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,418	...	...	72,501	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	61,306	...	...	63,683	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,940	...	...	9,575	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,751	...	...	65,610	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	54,245	...	...	57,894	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,430	...	...	7,455	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,427	...	...	104,214	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	81,856	...	...	87,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,285	...	...	3,985	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,163	...	...	44,702	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,000	...	...	42,105	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,940	...	...	21,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,772	...	...	85,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,298	...	...	71,973	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,960	...	...	9,585	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,683	...	...	76,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,997	...	...	64,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,410	...	...	7,460	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,157	...	...	115,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,110	...	...	94,798	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,295	...	...	4,005	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,541	...	...	52,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,833	...	...	46,695	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,015	2,440	2,570	10,545	4,910	5,635
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,914	29,987	22,420	25,346	27,994	23,702
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,734	26,694	21,945	24,100	25,924	23,256
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	4,950	2,380	2,565	10,390	4,965	5,425
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,680	35,119	28,491	35,146	39,517	31,148
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	27,748	29,990	25,668	29,993	32,705	27,514
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	31,490	15,545	15,945	70,945	34,500	36,445
In the bottom half of the distribution	19,805	9,495	10,310	42,195	19,820	22,375
In the bottom decile	3,320	1,500	1,815	7,570	3,475	4,095
In the second decile	4,440	1,980	2,460	9,925	4,330	5,595
In the third decile	4,175	2,025	2,150	8,535	4,050	4,490
In the fourth decile	4,065	2,035	2,030	8,295	4,055	4,235
In the fifth decile	3,810	1,955	1,850	7,870	3,915	3,955
In the top half of the distribution	11,685	6,050	5,640	28,750	14,675	14,075
In the sixth decile	3,445	1,745	1,700	7,335	3,695	3,645
In the seventh decile	3,150	1,640	1,500	6,735	3,425	3,305
In the eighth decile	2,475	1,290	1,185	6,285	3,145	3,140
In the ninth decile	1,650	850	800	5,145	2,695	2,450
In the top decile	965	525	440	3,250	1,710	1,535
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	31,280	15,450	15,830	69,260	33,680	35,580
0 to 17 years	5,240	2,650	2,590	11,365	5,900	5,465
0 to 5 years	1,510	815	695	3,100	1,605	1,490
18 to 64 years	19,700	9,750	9,945	40,905	19,765	21,135
65 years and over	6,340	3,040	3,295	16,990	8,015	8,980
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,700	2,545	3,155	12,160	5,410	6,745
0 to 17 years	1,105	560	545	2,680	1,430	1,250
0 to 5 years	380	195	180	905	485	420
18 to 64 years	3,015	1,340	1,670	6,055	2,620	3,430
65 years and over	1,585	645	935	3,420	1,360	2,065
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.2	16.5	19.9	17.6	16.1	19.0
0 to 17 years (%)	21.1	21.1	21.0	23.6	24.2	22.9
0 to 5 years (%)	25.2	23.9	25.9	29.2	30.2	28.2
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	13.7	16.8	14.8	13.3	16.2
65 years and over (%)	25.0	21.2	28.4	20.1	17.0	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,740	860	885	4,030	1,935	2,095
0 to 17 years	295	150	150	970	520	450
0 to 5 years	110	55	50	345	185	155
18 to 64 years	1,345	675	670	2,855	1,335	1,520
65 years and over	100	40	60	205	90	120
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	5.7	5.8	8.5	8.8	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.3	6.7	7.2	11.1	11.5	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.9	6.7	7.0	6.8	7.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.8	1.2	1.1	1.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	31,490	15,545	15,950	70,905	34,500	36,405
Official languages	31,440	15,510	15,925	70,860	34,475	36,380
English	19,585	9,770	9,815	70,760	34,445	36,320
French	30,880	15,260	15,620	8,515	3,995	4,515
Non-official languages	680	355	325	2,690	1,310	1,375
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	950	455	495
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	950	455	495
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	945	450	495
Malecite	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	945	450	495
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	675	355	320	1,745	855	885
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	105	50	80	30	50
Berber languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	90	45	80	30	45
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	135	90	40	70	30	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	15	70	35	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	15	70	35	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	35	20	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	15	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	155	160	1,255	605	645
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	60	10	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic languages	25	20	10	55	10	45
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Russian	20	15	0	0	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	15	0	20	0	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	330	140	195
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	325	140	185
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	15	595	310	280
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	10
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dutch	0	10	0	175	95	85
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	20	10	400	215	190
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	10	15	15	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	40	20	20
Indo-Iranian languages	0	10	0	45	35	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	40	30	10
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	20	25	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Urdu	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	115	130	210	100	110
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	10	60	30	30
Portuguese	0	0	0	15	15	0
Romanian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Spanish	180	80	100	145	60	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	60	40	20
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	35	45	35	20	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	15	10	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	15	55	15	40
American Sign Language	10	0	0	20	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	35	15	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	30	135	75	60
Chinese languages	60	30	25	135	75	55
Cantonese	45	20	20	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	15	100	60	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	10	0	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	31,490	15,545	15,945	70,900	34,505	36,405
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	30,680	15,195	15,485	69,860	33,950	35,915
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,235	2,640	2,600	12,010	6,165	5,845
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,440	12,555	12,885	57,850	27,785	30,065
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	810	355	460	1,045	555	490
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	31,495	15,545	15,945	70,905	34,500	36,400
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	30,050	14,930	15,115	68,810	33,420	35,390
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,290	530	760	1,810	900	905
Before 1981	695	260	430	1,030	485	540
1981 to 1990	100	30	70	105	55	50
1991 to 2000	70	25	40	185	105	85
2001 to 2010	210	105	105	250	120	135
2001 to 2005	115	55	55	80	45	40
2006 to 2010	100	50	50	170	75	95
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	210	100	110	235	135	100
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	160	85	70	285	180	105
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,290	525	760	1,805	900	910
Under 5 years	305	160	145	245	100	140
5 to 14 years	250	105	145	410	235	180
15 to 24 years	290	55	235	365	165	205
25 to 44 years	360	155	205	550	270	285
45 years and over	80	50	30	240	135	105
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,290	530	760	1,810	900	910
Americas	880	320	560	570	245	325
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mexico	0	0	10	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	840	305	535	535	240	295
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	10	15	0	15
Europe	135	60	75	1,015	555	465
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	35	25	10	25	10	20
Germany	10	0	10	285	125	160
Greece	0	0	0	25	10	10
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Italy	0	0	0	15	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	125	75	60
Poland	0	0	0	10	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	55	30	30	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	0	10	425	245	175
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	85	65	20
Africa	130	75	55	40	15	20
Algeria	0	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	35	25	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	50	35	15	10	10
Asia	135	65	70	175	80	90
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	25	15	40	15	30
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25	20	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Philippines	10	0	15	40	10	30
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	10	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	20	25	15	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	15	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	10	0	0	0	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	210	100	110	235	135	95
Americas	55	25	30	45	25	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	25	30	35	20	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0
Europe	60	30	35	115	65	50
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	55	30	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Romania	45	20	25	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	50	25	20
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	10
Africa	25	20	10	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	70	30	35	50	35	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	25	15	10	15	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	31,495	15,545	15,950	70,905	34,500	36,400
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,555	655	895	2,260	1,175	1,085
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,770	915	855	3,400	1,600	1,800
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	28,165	13,975	14,190	65,245	31,725	33,515
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	615	275	345	795	425	370
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	245	110	130	485	255	225
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	105	80	30	220	125	95
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	135	35	110	260	135	130
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	310	120	185	270	140	125
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	60	35	25	35	20	15
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	31,490	15,545	15,945	70,905	34,500	36,400
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,035	530	500	5,740	2,835	2,905
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	970	510	460	5,605	2,755	2,855
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	545	260	285	2,375	1,140	1,235
Métis	420	245	175	3,180	1,590	1,590
Inuk (Inuit)	0	10	0	50	20	30
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	10	15	90	60	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	40	15	25	50	25	20
Non-Aboriginal identity	30,460	15,015	15,445	65,160	31,665	33,495
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	31,495	15,545	15,945	70,905	34,500	36,400
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	355	185	175	2,440	1,220	1,220
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,130	15,365	15,770	68,465	33,280	35,185
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	31,490	15,545	15,945	70,905	34,500	36,405
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	455	215	240	1,965	960	1,000
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	425	200	225	1,950	955	1,000
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	315	150	165	1,590	755	830
Métis single ancestry	105	50	55	365	195	165
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	15	15	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	10	15	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	965	445	520	4,990	2,435	2,555
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	925	430	495	4,810	2,330	2,475
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	735	310	420	1,845	895	950
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	120	75	2,780	1,365	1,415
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	180	65	115
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	35	10	25	185	100	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	0	20	180	105	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	30,070	14,890	15,185	63,950	31,105	32,840
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	31,490	15,545	15,945	70,905	34,500	36,405
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	480	255	215	1,285	645	640
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	25	15	10	130	60	70
Chinese	60	35	25	180	100	80
Black	210	100	105	725	345	380
Filipino	15	0	15	70	35	35
Latin American	15	10	10	15	0	10
Arab	105	65	35	45	25	25
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	35	15	20	10	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	15	0	55	35	20
Japanese	0	0	0	25	10	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	10	0	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	20	15	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	31,010	15,285	15,725	69,620	33,860	35,760
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	31,495	15,545	15,950	70,905	34,500	36,400
North American Aboriginal origins	1,425	660	765	6,955	3,395	3,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,120	490	625	3,630	1,765	1,865
Inuit	15	10	10	185	70	120
Métis	360	190	170	3,335	1,670	1,665
Other North American origins	26,510	13,055	13,450	32,225	15,510	16,720
Acadian	455	225	235	2,685	1,255	1,425
American	735	310	425	245	105	135
Canadian	26,110	12,915	13,205	29,915	14,435	15,480
New Brunswicker	30	20	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	215	105	110
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	65	35	25
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	60	15	45	20	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	9,635	4,765	4,870	50,395	24,485	25,905
British Isles origins	2,200	1,060	1,145	41,895	20,325	21,580
Channel Islander	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	955	440	520	15,575	7,465	8,115
Irish	1,140	510	625	15,785	7,465	8,320
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	470	265	205	28,220	13,650	14,570
Welsh	0	10	0	1,055	510	540
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	30	20	15	750	350	395
French origins	8,295	4,110	4,185	16,520	7,880	8,635
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,300	4,110	4,185	16,515	7,880	8,640
Western European origins (except French origins)	230	105	125	4,695	2,195	2,495
Austrian	0	0	0	40	10	30
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	20	0	15	315	185	130
Dutch	15	10	10	1,555	690	860
Flemish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	170	75	95	3,110	1,435	1,675
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	15	10	10	25	20	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	35	20	20	810	380	430
Danish	20	10	10	130	50	85
Finnish	0	0	0	40	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Norwegian	15	0	10	370	205	175
Swedish	0	0	0	210	95	120
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	85	30	55
Eastern European origins	150	75	70	2,275	960	1,320
Bulgarian	0	0	10	30	15	10
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	20	0	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	20	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	295	120	170
Latvian	0	0	10	20	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	55	25	25
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	40	25	15	1,150	515	640
Romanian	65	30	35	30	10	25
Russian	20	15	10	190	75	115
Slovak	0	0	0	40	15	25
Ukrainian	35	30	10	620	260	360
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	20	10	15
Southern European origins	290	155	130	2,195	1,095	1,095
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	135	70	70
Italian	255	145	115	1,675	850	825
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	25
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	10	165	55	110
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	150	80	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other European origins	30	20	15	150	100	50
Basque	0	0	0	30	20	10
Jewish	0	10	0	35	25	15
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	25	10	15	85	55	30
Caribbean origins	45	20	30	160	70	85
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	70	40	30
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	40	20	25
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	40	15	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	10	0	0	30	15	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	260	145	115	515	245	270
Central and West African origins	90	55	40	50	30	20
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	15	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	25	10	20	10	10	0
North African origins	85	60	30	20	15	0
Algerian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Berber	20	15	10	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	50	35	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	45	20	25	10	10	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other African origins	60	30	30	445	195	245
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	10	0	85	40	40
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	55	30	25	360	150	205
Asian origins	230	135	100	1,000	525	480
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	90	60	30	460	240	220
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	35	20	10	45	30	15
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	0	0	330	170	155
Palestinian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Syrian	50	25	20	90	35	50
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	35	20	15	115	35	85
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	20	15	0	90	30	60
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sri Lankan	15	0	15	25	0	25
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	110	60	55	410	240	170
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	60	35	25	230	140	95
Filipino	15	0	15	70	35	35
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	40	20	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	55	35	20
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oceania origins	20	15	0	10	10	10
Australian	10	0	0	15	0	10
New Zealander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Owner	10,905	...	...	24,960	...	...
Renter	3,575	...	...	5,820	...	...
Band housing	25	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Condominium	805	...	...	275	...	...
Not condominium	13,705	...	...	30,970	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,505	...	...	31,240	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	30	...	...
1 bedroom	1,530	...	...	2,225	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,555	...	...	7,270	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,520	...	...	14,160	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,880	...	...	7,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,505	...	...	31,240	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,385	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	3,165	...	...	5,945	...	...
6 rooms	2,685	...	...	6,240	...	...
7 rooms	1,865	...	...	4,610	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,405	...	...	9,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,505	...	...	31,240	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,435	...	...	31,160	...	...
More than 1 person per room	70	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Suitable	14,295	...	...	30,425	...	...
Not suitable	210	...	...	820	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
1960 or before	4,265	...	...	9,595	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,725	...	...	10,080	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,310	...	...	4,370	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,700	...	...	3,280	...	...
2001 to 2005	645	...	...	1,425	...	...
2006 to 2010	550	...	...	1,485	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	300	...	...	1,000	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,335	...	...	28,065	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,165	...	...	3,180	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,505	...	...	31,245	...	...
1 household maintainer	9,575	...	...	19,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	4,840	...	...	11,330	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	95	...	...	415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,505	...	...	31,240	...	...
15 to 24 years	315	...	...	485	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,415	...	...	2,435	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,095	...	...	3,835	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,780	...	...	5,550	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,505	...	...	7,410	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,825	...	...	6,675	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,260	...	...	3,660	...	...
85 years and over	300	...	...	1,200	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	14,315	...	...	30,485	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,920	...	...	25,580	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,395	...	...	4,905	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,170	...	...	4,435	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,780	...	...	24,715	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	54.3	...	...	45.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.1	...	...	9.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	679	...	...	581	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	800	...	...	764	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	120,053	...	...	134,641	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	133,854	...	...	164,753	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,570	...	...	5,795	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.9	...	...	25.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.8	...	...	43.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	551	...	...	674	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	581	...	...	702	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	27,150	13,365	13,785	61,245	29,560	31,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,360	3,800	3,555	14,505	7,195	7,310
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,740	3,650	4,090	14,530	6,495	8,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,055	5,920	6,140	32,210	15,875	16,340
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,565	2,300	1,260	8,660	6,510	2,150
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,110	1,215	890	4,575	2,955	1,620
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,455	1,085	375	4,085	3,555	530
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,195	1,875	2,320	13,535	5,430	8,105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	630	195	435	1,725	565	1,160
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,665	1,545	2,125	8,290	3,370	4,915
Bachelor's degree	2,555	1,025	1,525	5,680	2,250	3,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	300	100	200	765	275	495
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	125	85	215	135	75
Master's degree	500	235	265	1,470	615	855
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	105	60	45	160	95	65
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	17,830	8,820	9,010	36,675	17,595	19,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,160	1,840	1,315	4,885	2,695	2,190
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,440	2,605	2,835	8,355	3,745	4,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,240	4,380	4,860	23,435	11,155	12,280
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,590	1,665	930	5,915	4,395	1,520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,550	885	665	3,100	1,955	1,145
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,040	780	260	2,820	2,445	375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,395	1,460	1,930	10,185	4,085	6,105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435	115	320	1,050	350	700
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,810	1,130	1,680	6,280	2,330	3,955
Bachelor's degree	1,985	785	1,200	4,360	1,625	2,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	235	80	155	510	150	360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	90	75	175	100	75
Master's degree	345	130	215	1,130	385	745
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	90	50	35	115	70	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	27,150	13,370	13,780	61,250	29,565	31,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	15,095	7,450	7,645	29,035	13,690	15,345
Education	1,040	275	765	2,915	880	2,035
13. Education	1,040	275	765	2,915	880	2,035
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	145	75	70	355	190	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	70	60	10
50. Visual and performing arts	135	60	70	280	125	160
Humanities	280	115	165	945	405	545
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	10	25	45	20	25
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	10	195	70	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	25	85	390	120	270
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	10	50	40	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	30	0	120	70	45
54. History	45	35	15	120	70	50
55. French language and literature/letters	45	10	30	25	15	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	620	175	445	2,055	525	1,530
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	10	0	25	15	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	0	145	60	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	235	10	225	730	85	645
22. Legal professions and studies	90	30	55	265	65	200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	30	0	25
42. Psychology	120	45	75	390	75	310
45. Social sciences	145	80	65	475	215	255
Business, management and public administration	2,485	720	1,765	5,725	1,225	4,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	30	15	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	30	105	445	55	390
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,335	690	1,645	5,250	1,160	4,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies	200	120	80	610	320	290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	30	35	165	80	90
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	15	185	95	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	30	0	220	135	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	15	45	10	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	215	150	65	785	370	415
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	170	130	45	660	330	330
25. Library science	30	10	25	55	0	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	20	0	55	30	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,020	2,960	60	9,480	9,085	395
04. Architecture and related services	20	20	0	15	10	10
14. Engineering	195	175	20	620	575	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	415	395	20	1,505	1,350	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	950	935	15	3,100	3,025	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	965	960	10	2,655	2,590	65
48. Precision production	480	475	0	1,585	1,535	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	440	375	65	580	385	195
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	140	100	35	245	100	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	270	25	335	280	50
Health and related fields	2,425	420	2,005	5,680	800	4,885
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	105	65	45	155	95	65
51. Health professions and related programs	2,255	315	1,945	5,465	660	4,805
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	65	45	20	65	40	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,185	530	655	3,085	1,695	1,390
12. Personal and culinary services	770	170	600	1,660	390	1,270
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	10	30	30	0
43. Security and protective services	220	170	45	280	210	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	185	0	1,120	1,065	50
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	17,830	8,820	9,010	36,675	17,600	19,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,595	4,445	4,150	13,240	6,445	6,795
Education	635	150	490	1,790	440	1,350
13. Education	640	150	490	1,790	445	1,345
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	55	70	260	125	135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	30	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	120	50	70	230	100	130
Humanities	195	70	120	625	235	390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	0	15	25	20	10
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	135	30	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	15	60	290	85	200
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	35	30	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	45	25	20
54. History	35	25	0	75	40	35
55. French language and literature/letters	30	10	25	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	515	150	370	1,670	405	1,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	15	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	110	55	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	195	10	185	590	70	515
22. Legal professions and studies	85	30	55	220	45	170
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	10	10	0
42. Psychology	90	35	55	350	55	295
45. Social sciences	110	65	50	370	155	215
Business, management and public administration	1,980	520	1,460	4,300	865	3,435
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	20	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	20	85	360	30	330
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,865	505	1,365	3,920	825	3,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	70	65	425	240	190
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	25	35	140	70	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	10	10	125	70	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	25	0	140	90	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	20	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	170	120	50	665	325	340
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	150	115	30	575	300	275
25. Library science	20	0	15	35	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	0	45	15	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,270	2,210	60	6,620	6,290	335
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	10	15	10	10
14. Engineering	155	135	15	405	380	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	335	325	20	1,070	940	130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	720	710	15	2,235	2,160	70
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	735	735	0	1,750	1,695	55
48. Precision production	300	305	0	1,145	1,095	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	370	305	65	450	300	155
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	105	70	40	180	65	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	235	30	275	230	40
Health and related fields	1,900	320	1,580	4,290	660	3,640
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	80	45	30	130	75	55
51. Health professions and related programs	1,765	240	1,525	4,115	545	3,565
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	55	35	20	50	30	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	935	405	535	2,325	1,280	1,045
12. Personal and culinary services	605	125	485	1,210	270	935
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	10	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	165	120	40	230	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	155	10	875	835	40
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	27,150	13,365	13,785	61,250	29,565	31,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,095	7,450	7,650	29,035	13,690	15,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,050	5,920	6,140	32,215	15,875	16,335
Location of study inside Canada	11,600	5,720	5,875	31,075	15,280	15,785
Same as province or territory of residence	9,505	4,735	4,775	27,340	13,235	14,110
Different than province or territory of residence	2,090	985	1,105	3,730	2,050	1,680
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	455	195	255	1,140	590	550
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	285	105	180	525	240	285
Philippines	15	0	10	55	25	30
India	0	0	0	15	20	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	140	85	50
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	10	15	50	30	25
France	40	30	10	10	0	0
Other	85	50	40	345	190	155
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	17,830	8,820	9,010	36,670	17,600	19,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,595	4,445	4,150	13,240	6,440	6,795
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	9,240	4,380	4,860	23,435	11,155	12,275
Location of study inside Canada	8,890	4,230	4,655	22,690	10,810	11,880
Same as province or territory of residence	7,255	3,505	3,750	20,225	9,490	10,740
Different than province or territory of residence	1,635	725	910	2,465	1,320	1,145
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	350	145	205	745	345	395
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	200	65	130	345	140	210
Philippines	15	0	10	45	25	20
India	0	0	0	15	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	0	0	60	30	35
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	0	15	30	15	10
France	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other	80	45	35	245	125	125
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	27,150	13,365	13,780	61,250	29,560	31,685
In the labour force	16,165	8,455	7,710	33,365	17,315	16,050
Employed	14,685	7,555	7,130	27,640	13,720	13,925
Unemployed	1,485	905	580	5,725	3,600	2,130
Not in the labour force	10,985	4,910	6,075	27,875	12,245	15,635
Participation rate	59.5	63.3	56.0	54.5	58.6	50.7
Employment rate	54.1	56.5	51.7	45.1	46.4	43.9
Unemployment rate	9.2	10.7	7.5	17.2	20.8	13.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	27,150	13,370	13,785	61,245	29,560	31,680
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	10,225	4,435	5,795	25,275	11,000	14,270
Worked	16,925	8,930	7,990	35,975	18,560	17,415
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	8,550	4,710	3,840	14,815	7,435	7,380
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	8,375	4,225	4,150	21,155	11,125	10,030
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	41.8	42.1	37.2	35.7	38.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	16,165	8,460	7,710	33,370	17,320	16,050
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	260	115	150	805	415	390
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	15,905	8,345	7,565	32,565	16,900	15,665
Employee	14,315	7,340	6,975	30,060	15,150	14,915
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,595	1,005	585	2,500	1,750	745
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	16,170	8,460	7,710	33,370	17,315	16,055
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	260	115	145	805	415	390
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	15,910	8,345	7,560	32,565	16,900	15,660
0 Management occupations	1,295	885	410	2,410	1,425	985
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,855	440	1,415	3,830	685	3,145
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	605	490	110	1,375	1,155	220
3 Health occupations	1,645	280	1,360	3,105	430	2,670
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,695	480	1,215	3,505	1,060	2,445
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	180	85	100	560	250	305
6 Sales and service occupations	3,800	1,435	2,375	7,990	3,000	4,990
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,675	2,540	140	5,855	5,660	200
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	580	480	95	2,480	2,170	310
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,575	1,225	345	1,450	1,065	380
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	16,170	8,460	7,710	33,370	17,315	16,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	260	110	150	805	415	390
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	15,910	8,345	7,560	32,560	16,900	15,660
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	920	720	205	2,375	1,975	405
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	785	725	60
22 Utilities	45	45	0	355	325	30
23 Construction	970	865	105	3,065	2,725	340
31-33 Manufacturing	2,520	2,000	520	2,065	1,475	590
41 Wholesale trade	310	250	60	595	455	140
44-45 Retail trade	1,790	870	920	3,940	1,755	2,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	715	615	105	1,225	995	230
51 Information and cultural industries	260	120	140	335	175	160
52 Finance and insurance	335	85	245	575	140	435
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	65	45	290	205	85
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	365	205	160	975	510	465
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455	265	190	1,570	950	620
61 Educational services	1,020	315	700	2,620	885	1,735
62 Health care and social assistance	2,875	410	2,465	5,165	705	4,460
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	240	110	130	705	340	365
72 Accommodation and food services	1,165	365	795	2,255	580	1,670
81 Other services (except public administration)	735	355	385	1,425	765	660
91 Public administration	1,060	680	385	2,235	1,225	1,010
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	14,685	7,550	7,130	27,640	13,715	13,925
Worked at home	765	365	400	1,560	830	730
Worked outside Canada	115	70	50	50	30	20
No fixed workplace address	1,560	1,190	365	4,050	3,130	925
Worked at usual place	12,245	5,920	6,320	21,980	9,730	12,250
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	12,240	5,920	6,320	21,980	9,730	12,250
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,140	2,800	3,340	15,290	6,460	8,830
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,760	2,410	2,345	3,135	1,155	1,985
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,080	565	520	2,880	1,570	1,310
Commute to a different province or territory	260	150	110	670	545	125
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	13,805	7,115	6,690	26,025	12,855	13,175
Car, truck, van - as a driver	12,545	6,470	6,075	22,025	10,635	11,380
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	565	235	325	2,000	965	1,035
Public transit	65	65	0	505	365	135
Walked	450	245	200	1,025	515	510
Bicycle	30	10	25	25	20	10
Other method	145	85	60	460	355	105
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	13,800	7,110	6,690	26,030	12,855	13,175
Less than 15 minutes	7,470	3,590	3,875	10,515	4,665	5,850
15 to 29 minutes	4,320	2,140	2,180	9,215	4,540	4,675
30 to 44 minutes	1,260	755	505	3,975	2,110	1,860
45 to 59 minutes	340	265	80	1,110	650	460
60 minutes and over	415	370	45	1,215	890	325
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	13,805	7,110	6,690	26,030	12,855	13,175
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,240	930	310	1,990	1,470	520
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,510	1,525	990	4,855	2,650	2,205
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,890	2,405	2,485	7,115	3,570	3,545
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,260	825	1,435	5,815	1,915	3,900
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	875	265	615	2,125	775	1,350
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,020	1,165	850	4,125	2,480	1,650
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	17,400	9,150	8,250	36,945	19,055	17,890
Single responses	16,290	8,580	7,715	36,550	18,880	17,670
Official languages	16,265	8,565	7,700	36,405	18,810	17,590
English	1,375	870	505	35,400	18,340	17,060
French	14,885	7,690	7,195	1,000	470	530
Non-official languages	30	15	20	150	75	80
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	115	55	65
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	115	50	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	115	50	60
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	115	50	65
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	35	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0	10	0
Chinese languages	30	10	10	10	0	0
Cantonese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,105	570	535	395	170	225
English and French	1,095	560	535	335	145	190
English and non-official language	10	10	0	55	25	35
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	17,400	9,150	8,250	36,945	19,055	17,890
None	9,675	5,115	4,560	34,715	17,990	16,730
English	6,790	3,465	3,320	740	350	395
French	910	555	360	1,155	570	580
Non-official language	25	20	10	310	135	170
Aboriginal	0	0	0	205	90	115
Non-Aboriginal	25	15	10	105	50	55
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	31,300	15,435	15,865	70,405	34,260	36,140
Non-movers	28,665	14,155	14,505	65,355	31,730	33,630
Movers	2,635	1,275	1,365	5,045	2,535	2,510
Non-migrants	1,515	700	815	3,030	1,440	1,585
Migrants	1,120	575	550	2,015	1,090	925
Internal migrants	1,015	510	510	1,860	990	870
Intraprovincial migrants	760	385	375	1,080	565	515
Interprovincial migrants	260	130	135	780	425	350
External migrants	100	65	40	160	100	55
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	30,330	14,945	15,380	68,135	33,120	35,010
Non-movers	23,095	11,510	11,585	54,480	26,430	28,050
Movers	7,230	3,440	3,800	13,655	6,690	6,965
Non-migrants	4,280	2,005	2,275	8,135	3,905	4,235
Migrants	2,960	1,435	1,520	5,515	2,785	2,735
Internal migrants	2,675	1,290	1,380	5,040	2,495	2,545
Intraprovincial migrants	1,915	960	955	2,900	1,415	1,485
Interprovincial migrants	760	335	425	2,140	1,085	1,055
External migrants	285	140	140	475	285	185

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Madawaska, CT [Census division], New Brunswick and Cape Breton--Canso [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska, County [Census division], New Brunswick and Cape Breton--Canso [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Madawaska, County [Census division], New Brunswick and Cape Breton--Canso [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska, County [Census division], New Brunswick and Cape Breton--Canso [Federal electoral district], Nova Scotia