Census Profile, 2016 Census
Shawinigan [Census agglomeration], Quebec and Espanola [Population centre], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Shawinigan Quebec [Census agglomeration]			Espanola Ontario [Population centre]
	Data quality , Shawinigan [Census agglomeration], Quebec Map : Shawinigan [Census agglomeration], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Espanola [Population centre], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	54,181	...	...	3,693	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	54,489 ^r	...	...	3,914^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.6	...	...	-5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	29,070	...	...	1,800	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	26,336	...	...	1,688	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	64.2	...	...	1,208.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	843.38	...	...	3.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	54,180	26,300	27,880	3,690	1,835	1,855
0 to 14 years	6,850	3,510	3,335	520	245	270
0 to 4 years	2,400	1,195	1,200	155	85	70
5 to 9 years	2,325	1,220	1,105	180	80	100
10 to 14 years	2,125	1,095	1,030	185	85	95
15 to 64 years	33,040	16,540	16,505	2,375	1,185	1,190
15 to 19 years	2,400	1,215	1,185	200	100	95
20 to 24 years	2,625	1,360	1,265	200	95	110
25 to 29 years	2,435	1,235	1,200	215	115	95
30 to 34 years	2,695	1,360	1,335	195	100	95
35 to 39 years	2,920	1,480	1,435	195	95	95
40 to 44 years	2,570	1,280	1,290	215	100	115
45 to 49 years	2,795	1,420	1,370	215	110	105
50 to 54 years	4,175	2,055	2,120	285	145	140
55 to 59 years	5,400	2,620	2,780	375	185	195
60 to 64 years	5,035	2,505	2,525	285	145	140
65 years and over	14,295	6,255	8,040	800	400	400
65 to 69 years	4,370	2,130	2,240	285	145	135
70 to 74 years	3,440	1,635	1,810	190	105	85
75 to 79 years	2,330	1,010	1,320	150	80	65
80 to 84 years	1,920	770	1,150	100	45	55
85 years and over	2,240	705	1,530	80	30	50
85 to 89 years	1,405	500	915	45	15	35
90 to 94 years	680	185	500	25	10	20
95 to 99 years	120	30	95	5	5	0
100 years and over	30	0	25	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.3	12.0	14.1	13.4	14.6
15 to 64 years	61.0	62.9	59.2	64.4	64.6	64.2
65 years and over	26.4	23.8	28.8	21.7	21.8	21.6
85 years and over	4.1	2.7	5.5	2.2	1.6	2.7
Average age of the population	47.7	46.2	49.1	44.6	44.6	44.6
Median age of the population	52.4	50.8	53.8	47.6	48.0	47.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	26,335	...	...	1,690	...	...
Single-detached house	13,770	...	...	1,290	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	12,460	...	...	395	...	...
Semi-detached house	705	...	...	75	...	...
Row house	210	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,475	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,745	...	...	215	...	...
Other single-attached house	325	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	100	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	26,340	...	...	1,690	...	...
1 person	10,510	...	...	540	...	...
2 persons	9,960	...	...	675	...	...
3 persons	2,955	...	...	230	...	...
4 persons	2,050	...	...	170	...	...
5 or more persons	865	...	...	75	...	...
Number of persons in private households	52,180	...	...	3,670	...	...
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	47,335	22,790	24,540	3,175	1,585	1,590
Married or living common law	25,440	12,720	12,715	1,885	940	945
Married	14,420	7,210	7,215	1,510	755	755
Living common law	11,015	5,510	5,505	375	190	190
Not married and not living common law	21,890	10,070	11,825	1,290	645	645
Never married	13,165	7,205	5,960	745	430	320
Separated	570	255	315	125	60	65
Divorced	4,200	1,740	2,465	185	95	90
Widowed	3,960	870	3,085	225	65	165
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	15,090	...	...	1,130	...	...
2 persons	9,655	...	...	705	...	...
3 persons	2,795	...	...	210	...	...
4 persons	1,925	...	...	155	...	...
5 or more persons	715	...	...	60	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	15,090	...	...	1,125	...	...
Total couple families	12,440	...	...	935	...	...
Married couples	6,955	...	...	745	...	...
Common-law couples	5,490	...	...	190	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,650	...	...	195	...	...
Female parent	1,965	...	...	155	...	...
Male parent	685	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	12,440	...	...	930	...	...
Couples without children	7,975	...	...	570	...	...
Couples with children	4,470	...	...	360	...	...
1 child	2,025	...	...	170	...	...
2 children	1,765	...	...	140	...	...
3 or more children	675	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,650	...	...	195	...	...
1 child	1,685	...	...	135	...	...
2 children	770	...	...	45	...	...
3 or more children	195	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,965	6,190	6,770	705	370	335
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	26,335	...	...	1,685	...	...
One-census-family households	14,880	...	...	1,090	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,890	...	...	560	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	6,985	...	...	530	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	105	...	...	20	...	...
Non-census-family households	11,355	...	...	580	...	...
One-person households	10,515	...	...	540	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	835	...	...	40	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	52,890	25,855	27,035	3,675	1,825	1,855
English only	70	45	25	2,935	1,490	1,450
French only	40,755	19,065	21,690	10	5	5
English and French	12,040	6,735	5,305	720	325	395
Neither English nor French	25	10	15	0	5	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	52,895	25,855	27,035	3,680	1,825	1,850
English	515	270	245	3,265	1,630	1,630
French	52,210	25,495	26,715	405	185	225
English and French	145	80	65	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	20	10	15	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	585	310	280	410	190	225
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.2	1.0	11.1	10.4	12.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	52,890	25,855	27,035	3,680	1,825	1,855
Single responses	52,565	25,685	26,880	3,615	1,790	1,830
Official languages	52,150	25,465	26,685	3,505	1,730	1,770
English	475	245	230	3,050	1,525	1,525
French	51,675	25,225	26,455	455	210	245
Non-official languages	415	215	200	110	60	55
Aboriginal languages	35	10	25	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	30	15	20	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	380	200	175	105	50	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	45	30	5	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	75	45	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	5	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	85	100	60	30	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	10	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	5	5	0	5
Latvian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	5	20	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	5	10	5	5
Russian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	15	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	5	10	10	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	55	65	15	15	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	10	10	5
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	90	40	50	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	25	20	10	5
Chinese languages	60	30	30	20	5	10
Cantonese	5	5	5	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	15	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hungarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	330	170	155	60	35	30
English and French	265	135	130	45	30	15
English and non-official language	10	5	5	15	5	5
French and non-official language	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	52,890	25,855	27,035	3,680	1,825	1,855
Single responses	52,565	25,685	26,875	3,635	1,800	1,830
Official languages	52,410	25,605	26,800	3,610	1,790	1,820
English	335	170	160	3,500	1,745	1,755
French	52,080	25,435	26,640	105	45	60
Non-official languages	155	85	70	25	15	10
Aboriginal languages	10	5	5	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	5	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	145	80	70	25	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	5	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	5	5	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	5	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	20	0	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	15	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	25	5	5	0
Chinese languages	55	30	25	5	5	5
Cantonese	5	5	0	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	15	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	330	165	165	45	20	25
English and French	220	120	100	20	10	10
English and non-official language	5	10	5	25	10	20
French and non-official language	85	35	45	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	5	15	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	52,895	25,855	27,035	3,675	1,825	1,855
None	50,945	24,800	26,145	3,310	1,675	1,635
English	1,450	805	645	85	35	50
French	240	115	125	230	95	135
Non-official language	200	105	95	50	20	30
Aboriginal	25	15	10	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal	175	90	85	40	20	25
English and French	5	5	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	45	20	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	45,335	22,110	23,220	3,150	1,570	1,580
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	44,105	21,615	22,490	3,040	1,525	1,515
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,106	34,299	23,054	34,951	45,675	24,512
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	44,125	21,615	22,510	3,045	1,525	1,515
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,738	30,448	21,793	31,696	40,752	23,211
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,535	18,675	17,865	2,615	1,370	1,240
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,572	30,726	20,303	31,488	43,008	22,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,865	17,525	19,340	2,240	1,025	1,215
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,351	8,987	9,852	8,960	10,464	8,230
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	26,865	14,370	12,490	2,065	1,135	925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,878	28,174	23,699	30,912	41,856	25,536
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	45,335	22,115	23,225	3,270	1,675	1,600
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	44,170	21,605	22,565	3,155	1,625	1,525
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,300	39,505	29,316	40,122	49,702	29,919
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	44,175	21,610	22,570	3,160	1,630	1,530
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,441	33,398	25,653	34,477	42,117	26,339
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,545	18,570	17,975	2,695	1,475	1,225
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,611	37,105	25,936	38,979	47,586	28,580
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,925	17,490	19,435	2,295	1,080	1,210
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,746	9,404	10,053	9,404	9,918	8,944
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	26,860	14,275	12,590	2,140	1,215	925
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,604	34,300	28,548	39,014	45,148	30,921
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	45,335	22,110	23,225	3,275	1,675	1,595
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	10,790	5,825	4,965	945	560	385
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	40,979	44,174	38,352	60,183	75,175	44,929
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	46,351	50,529	41,448	61,680	70,010	49,565
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	76.4	80.9	70.5	82.9	86.9	77.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	56.3	57.7	54.4	65.3	67.7	61.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	23.6	19.1	29.5	16.9	13.1	23.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	45,340	22,110	23,225	3,150	1,565	1,580
Without total income	1,230	505	730	110	45	65
With total income	44,105	21,610	22,490	3,040	1,525	1,515
Percentage with total income	97.3	97.7	96.8	96.5	97.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,320	2,115	3,200	430	125	305
$10,000 to $19,999	10,350	3,955	6,395	525	200	330
$20,000 to $29,999	7,595	3,350	4,245	410	160	255
$30,000 to $39,999	6,445	3,375	3,065	335	175	160
$40,000 to $49,999	5,405	3,045	2,355	350	185	165
$50,000 to $59,999	3,260	1,950	1,315	240	145	95
$60,000 to $69,999	1,955	1,215	740	210	130	75
$70,000 to $79,999	1,410	835	575	145	105	40
$80,000 to $89,999	770	515	250	125	85	40
$90,000 to $99,999	465	350	110	115	90	25
$100,000 and over	1,140	900	240	155	130	20
$100,000 to $149,999	840	660	180	140	120	20
$150,000 and over	300	245	60	15	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	45,340	22,115	23,220	3,150	1,565	1,580
Without after-tax income	1,210	500	710	110	45	60
With after-tax income	44,125	21,615	22,510	3,040	1,525	1,515
Percentage with after-tax income	97.3	97.7	96.9	96.5	97.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,675	2,150	3,525	445	130	315
$10,000 to $19,999	10,710	4,160	6,550	550	205	345
$20,000 to $29,999	9,245	4,290	4,950	470	185	285
$30,000 to $39,999	8,010	4,385	3,630	430	235	195
$40,000 to $49,999	4,930	2,980	1,945	370	210	155
$50,000 to $59,999	2,585	1,555	1,030	270	175	100
$60,000 to $69,999	1,365	855	510	205	155	60
$70,000 to $79,999	625	485	140	160	120	40
$80,000 and over	970	750	220	145	120	25
$80,000 to $89,999	345	265	80	85	65	20
$90,000 to $99,999	200	155	40	25	30	0
$100,000 and over	425	325	105	35	25	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	45,335	22,115	23,225	3,150	1,570	1,585
Without employment income	18,475	7,745	10,730	1,085	430	655
With employment income	26,860	14,370	12,495	2,065	1,140	930
Percentage with employment income	59.2	65.0	53.8	65.6	72.6	58.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,270	2,540	1,725	390	235	155
$5,000 to $9,999	2,220	995	1,225	185	80	105
$10,000 to $19,999	4,495	2,015	2,475	240	100	140
$20,000 to $29,999	4,060	2,005	2,065	210	75	130
$30,000 to $39,999	3,670	1,930	1,745	160	70	90
$40,000 to $49,999	2,570	1,340	1,235	170	65	105
$50,000 to $59,999	1,800	1,035	755	140	80	55
$60,000 to $69,999	1,210	710	495	145	90	55
$70,000 to $79,999	995	560	430	115	85	35
$80,000 and over	1,575	1,235	340	320	260	65
$80,000 to $89,999	485	350	135	110	80	30
$90,000 to $99,999	350	280	75	90	70	20
$100,000 and over	735	605	135	125	110	15
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	26,335	...	...	1,690	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	46,027	...	...	63,360	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	41,574	...	...	56,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,515	...	...	535	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	23,503	...	...	31,872	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	22,538	...	...	29,397	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	15,820	...	...	1,150	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,188	...	...	83,285	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	57,430	...	...	73,024	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	26,335	...	...	1,735	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	57,531	...	...	73,164	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	49,382	...	...	62,870	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,500	...	...	555	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,467	...	...	37,594	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,693	...	...	32,887	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	15,835	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,474	...	...	90,022	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,424	...	...	77,079	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	26,335	...	...	1,685	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,540	...	...	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,265	...	...	100	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,450	...	...	60	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,775	...	...	65	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,560	...	...	65	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,570	...	...	75	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,405	...	...	85	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440	...	...	170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,990	...	...	130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,560	...	...	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,340	...	...	115	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,695	...	...	440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,660	...	...	190	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	920	...	...	110	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	740	...	...	110	...	...
$200,000 and over	370	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,335	...	...	1,685	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	645	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,550	...	...	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,365	...	...	105	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,095	...	...	100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,705	...	...	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,095	...	...	80	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,955	...	...	70	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,660	...	...	95	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,665	...	...	105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,670	...	...	200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,050	...	...	130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,575	...	...	145	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,135	...	...	120	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	780	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,165	...	...	275	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,230	...	...	145	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	500	...	...	85	...	...
$150,000 and over	430	...	...	40	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	15,215	...	...	1,125	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,681	...	...	81,984	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	57,785	...	...	72,235	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,770	...	...	540	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,974	...	...	78,208	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	52,961	...	...	68,523	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,510	...	...	370	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,939	...	...	103,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	81,311	...	...	89,344	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,580	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,326	...	...	50,048	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,250	...	...	45,824	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	15,240	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,016	...	...	89,497	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	64,767	...	...	76,567	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,780	...	...	555	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,600	...	...	82,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,399	...	...	70,641	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,505	...	...	405	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,122	...	...	112,582	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,114	...	...	95,286	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,570	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,893	...	...	59,754	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,929	...	...	52,380	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	12,090	5,785	6,305	635	330	305
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	22,836	24,819	21,564	31,104	39,339	24,640
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	21,984	23,308	21,155	28,672	34,901	23,936
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	12,050	5,745	6,305	635	350	285
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,620	31,377	28,020	37,431	43,617	29,913
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	26,033	26,959	25,190	32,774	37,150	27,455
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	52,180	25,625	26,550	3,665	1,815	1,855
In the bottom half of the distribution	35,785	17,145	18,640	1,955	935	1,020
In the bottom decile	6,400	3,050	3,345	330	160	175
In the second decile	8,000	3,520	4,480	380	155	225
In the third decile	7,575	3,675	3,905	360	170	190
In the fourth decile	7,625	3,770	3,855	465	245	225
In the fifth decile	6,180	3,125	3,050	420	205	215
In the top half of the distribution	16,395	8,485	7,915	1,710	885	830
In the sixth decile	5,330	2,725	2,600	345	175	170
In the seventh decile	4,280	2,190	2,090	405	195	205
In the eighth decile	3,270	1,695	1,580	465	240	225
In the ninth decile	2,145	1,140	1,005	345	190	155
In the top decile	1,370	725	645	150	85	65
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	52,180	25,625	26,555	3,665	1,815	1,855
0 to 17 years	8,240	4,210	4,030	635	305	335
0 to 5 years	2,885	1,470	1,415	200	95	100
18 to 64 years	31,345	15,670	15,680	2,235	1,115	1,120
65 years and over	12,595	5,745	6,850	795	400	395
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,725	4,870	5,860	525	235	290
0 to 17 years	1,580	810	765	120	65	55
0 to 5 years	555	280	275	45	25	15
18 to 64 years	5,960	2,915	3,045	310	140	165
65 years and over	3,190	1,140	2,045	100	35	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.6	19.0	22.1	14.3	12.9	15.6
0 to 17 years (%)	19.2	19.2	19.0	18.9	21.3	16.4
0 to 5 years (%)	19.2	19.0	19.4	22.5	26.3	15.0
18 to 64 years (%)	19.0	18.6	19.4	13.9	12.6	14.7
65 years and over (%)	25.3	19.8	29.9	12.6	8.8	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,805	2,430	2,380	210	100	115
0 to 17 years	675	345	330	55	30	25
0 to 5 years	260	125	135	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	3,795	1,975	1,825	155	70	85
65 years and over	335	115	225	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.5	9.0	5.7	5.5	6.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	8.2	8.2	8.7	9.8	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.5	9.5	7.5	10.5	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	12.6	11.6	6.9	6.3	7.6
65 years and over (%)	2.7	2.0	3.3	0.6	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	52,180	25,625	26,555	3,770	1,895	1,870
Official languages	52,160	25,620	26,540	3,765	1,895	1,870
English	12,105	6,810	5,295	3,760	1,890	1,865
French	52,075	25,590	26,490	685	295	390
Non-official languages	1,305	660	640	130	90	40
Aboriginal languages	50	25	20	25	15	10
Algonquian languages	35	20	15	30	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	35	25	15	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,255	635	620	100	75	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	40	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	70	35	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	110	70	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	965	480	490	45	35	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	40	65	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	35	50	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	15	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	855	425	430	30	25	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	30	20	10	10	0
Portuguese	35	25	10	0	10	0
Romanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	805	395	415	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	25	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	30	15	15	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	50	35	30	20	0
Chinese languages	80	50	30	30	20	10
Cantonese	10	0	10	20	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	45	25	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	52,175	25,625	26,550	3,770	1,895	1,875
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	51,795	25,400	26,395	3,745	1,885	1,860
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,205	4,160	4,050	620	285	330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	43,590	21,240	22,350	3,125	1,600	1,530
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	385	225	160	25	15	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	52,180	25,625	26,550	3,770	1,895	1,870
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	51,235	25,120	26,110	3,665	1,835	1,830
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	835	440	390	95	60	40
Before 1981	240	115	120	50	40	15
1981 to 1990	105	75	30	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	105	40	65	30	15	15
2001 to 2010	240	110	130	10	0	10
2001 to 2005	100	40	60	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	135	70	70	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	150	105	50	10	0	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	120	60	55	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	830	440	390	95	55	35
Under 5 years	155	65	90	25	15	10
5 to 14 years	105	50	55	30	15	10
15 to 24 years	115	50	70	15	20	0
25 to 44 years	430	265	165	15	10	0
45 years and over	25	10	15	10	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	830	440	395	95	55	40
Americas	200	85	115	20	15	0
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	35	10	25	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	10	0
Mexico	30	10	25	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	65	30	35	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	25	0	0	0
Europe	300	160	135	40	20	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	150	95	55	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10	10	0	10
Greece	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	0	0	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	10	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	10	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	80	40	45	0	0	0
Africa	160	120	45	10	10	0
Algeria	40	25	15	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	40	35	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	60	15	10	0	0
Asia	170	70	105	25	15	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	100	30	65	20	10	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10	0	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	155	100	45	10	0	10
Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	60	40	20	0	0	0
France	50	40	10	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	55	50	10	0	0	0
Algeria	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	20	0	0	0	0
Asia	30	10	20	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	10	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	52,180	25,625	26,555	3,770	1,895	1,875
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	990	515	475	110	65	40
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,135	560	575	275	140	140
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	50,055	24,550	25,505	3,380	1,690	1,690
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	620	325	295	40	20	20
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	290	170	120	15	0	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	165	120	50	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	120	55	65	10	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	280	115	160	30	15	20
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	45	30	20	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	52,180	25,625	26,555	3,770	1,895	1,870
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	830	385	440	435	220	210
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	785	360	430	430	220	210
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	380	160	220	195	90	105
Métis	395	195	195	235	130	105
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	35	20	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	51,350	25,240	26,110	3,335	1,675	1,660
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	52,180	25,625	26,555	3,765	1,895	1,870
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	250	125	120	165	65	95
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	51,930	25,500	26,435	3,605	1,830	1,780
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	52,180	25,625	26,555	3,770	1,900	1,870
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	650	290	360	125	65	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	610	260	345	125	65	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	550	235	310	90	40	50
Métis single ancestry	55	30	25	40	30	15
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	40	30	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	40	30	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,240	560	685	415	195	220
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,200	535	665	395	185	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	980	405	575	200	85	115
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	215	125	85	195	100	95
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	40	20	25	15	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	25	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	50,285	24,780	25,510	3,225	1,635	1,590
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	52,175	25,625	26,555	3,770	1,895	1,875
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	660	335	330	50	25	25
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	15	15	0	10	0	0
Chinese	145	55	90	30	20	10
Black	260	145	115	0	10	0
Filipino	15	0	0	0	0	10
Latin American	90	40	50	0	0	10
Arab	70	50	15	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	35	0	35	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	51,515	25,295	26,220	3,715	1,870	1,850
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	52,175	25,625	26,550	3,770	1,895	1,875
North American Aboriginal origins	1,895	850	1,045	540	260	280
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,610	690	925	305	130	175
Inuit	15	10	10	0	0	0
Métis	350	200	150	255	135	115
Other North American origins	42,900	21,010	21,890	1,745	825	920
Acadian	120	75	45	10	0	10
American	210	90	125	20	10	10
Canadian	41,600	20,300	21,300	1,730	825	905
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Québécois	1,330	710	620	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	14,905	7,485	7,420	2,815	1,430	1,380
British Isles origins	2,740	1,320	1,420	1,885	940	950
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	510	290	220	1,025	490	535
Irish	1,850	840	1,015	870	440	430
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	620	285	335	760	385	375
Welsh	15	0	10	40	25	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10	10	10	75	30	45
French origins	12,230	6,200	6,030	1,400	725	680
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	75	35	40	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	12,155	6,165	5,990	1,400	720	680
Western European origins (except French origins)	640	315	320	395	210	190
Austrian	25	10	20	15	10	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	155	70	85	0	0	0
Dutch	65	35	35	95	60	40
Flemish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	340	185	160	300	160	145
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	75	40	40	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80	50	30	100	50	55
Danish	15	10	10	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	10	95	50	50
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	50	35	20	10	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	0	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	175	85	90	395	200	195
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	10	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	30	20	10	25	0	25
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	30	10	25	140	70	65
Romanian	10	0	10	20	10	10
Russian	25	20	10	10	10	0
Slovak	10	0	10	10	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	235	130	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	725	330	395	210	145	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	105	55	50	0	0	0
Italian	500	205	290	180	125	55
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	65	35	25	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	55	40	15	20	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	35	20	15	20	10	10
Basque	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jewish	15	0	10	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	15	10	10	10	10	0
Caribbean origins	160	65	95	20	10	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	90	35	50	0	0	0
Jamaican	10	0	10	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	15	0	15	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	10	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	110	55	50	10	10	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	50	30	20	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	10
African origins	285	190	95	0	0	10
Central and West African origins	115	75	35	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	25	25	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	10	10	0	0	0
North African origins	100	70	30	0	0	0
Algerian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Berber	20	15	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	10	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	20	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	45	30	15	10	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	30	25	0	10	0	10
Asian origins	415	180	235	40	25	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	155	85	70	10	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	25	10	10	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	90	55	35	10	0	0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	35	10	20	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	230	75	150	35	20	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese	145	65	90	30	25	10
Filipino	10	10	10	10	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	10	40	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	26,340	...	...	1,730	...	...
Owner	15,500	...	...	1,280	...	...
Renter	10,835	...	...	455	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	26,340	...	...	1,730	...	...
Condominium	1,120	...	...	30	...	...
Not condominium	25,215	...	...	1,700	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	26,340	...	...	1,730	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	3,285	...	...	170	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,960	...	...	475	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,425	...	...	725	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,615	...	...	365	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	26,335	...	...	1,730	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,175	...	...	355	...	...
5 rooms	6,145	...	...	335	...	...
6 rooms	3,420	...	...	390	...	...
7 rooms	2,840	...	...	230	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,765	...	...	430	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	26,335	...	...	1,730	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,290	...	...	1,730	...	...
More than 1 person per room	45	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	26,340	...	...	1,735	...	...
Suitable	26,045	...	...	1,680	...	...
Not suitable	290	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	26,335	...	...	1,730	...	...
1960 or before	11,090	...	...	835	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,895	...	...	775	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,210	...	...	65	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,815	...	...	35	...	...
2001 to 2005	560	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	820	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	945	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	26,335	...	...	1,730	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	24,690	...	...	1,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,645	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	26,335	...	...	1,730	...	...
1 household maintainer	18,650	...	...	1,090	...	...
2 household maintainers	7,575	...	...	615	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	115	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	26,335	...	...	1,735	...	...
15 to 24 years	815	...	...	70	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,785	...	...	170	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,220	...	...	250	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,270	...	...	280	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,535	...	...	375	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,070	...	...	315	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,630	...	...	205	...	...
85 years and over	1,015	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	26,290	...	...	1,725	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,820	...	...	1,375	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,470	...	...	350	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,025	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,465	...	...	1,280	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.2	...	...	53.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.2	...	...	11.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	722	...	...	867	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	1,033	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	140,103	...	...	159,912	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	159,160	...	...	166,287	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,835	...	...	450	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	7.7	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	34.5	...	...	46.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	508	...	...	803	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	573	...	...	831	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	45,335	22,110	23,220	3,275	1,675	1,600
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,520	4,775	5,750	860	435	425
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	10,355	4,680	5,665	910	455	465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,460	12,655	11,805	1,500	785	710
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,810	6,380	3,425	290	215	75
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,265	4,295	2,965	170	110	60
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,545	2,085	460	115	100	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	8,275	3,430	4,850	845	395	450
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,395	560	835	35	20	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,980	2,285	2,700	330	160	175
Bachelor's degree	3,615	1,600	2,020	270	130	145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	410	215	200	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	90	95	10	0	10
Master's degree	670	320	355	35	25	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	95	65	30	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	27,745	13,930	13,815	1,995	1,015	985
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,475	2,310	2,165	305	135	170
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,695	2,700	3,000	565	285	280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,575	8,920	8,655	1,120	590	535
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,270	4,630	2,640	205	145	60
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,475	3,155	2,320	120	80	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,795	1,475	320	85	65	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,785	2,385	3,400	675	325	350
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	775	350	425	25	15	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,740	1,550	2,190	220	105	115
Bachelor's degree	2,720	1,130	1,590	175	85	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	100	160	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	55	95	10	0	10
Master's degree	530	220	310	30	20	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	75	40	35	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	45,340	22,115	23,225	3,275	1,675	1,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	20,875	9,455	11,420	1,775	890	885
Education	2,155	570	1,580	85	30	55
13. Education	2,155	575	1,580	85	30	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	405	190	215	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	45	30	0	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	335	150	185	0	0	0
Humanities	845	360	490	60	30	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	45	10	35	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	10	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	435	180	250	15	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	20	15	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	40	10	0	10
54. History	50	30	25	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	170	55	115	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,630	410	1,225	145	25	115
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	55	75	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	550	25	520	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	205	75	140	15	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	80	25	55	0	0	0
42. Psychology	425	95	330	25	10	15
45. Social sciences	215	125	90	35	10	25
Business, management and public administration	5,365	1,685	3,685	195	60	135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	60	160	40	20	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,140	1,620	3,520	155	45	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	630	360	270	20	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	75	140	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	40	25	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	75	45	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	155	115	40	0	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	50	15	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	480	310	170	20	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	395	290	110	20	10	10
25. Library science	60	0	65	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,695	6,385	315	470	445	25
04. Architecture and related services	55	40	20	0	0	0
14. Engineering	375	350	20	40	35	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,250	1,115	135	125	110	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,565	1,540	25	100	100	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,020	1,975	50	160	155	0
48. Precision production	1,425	1,355	65	55	50	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	745	565	175	40	30	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	265	135	135	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	475	430	40	35	30	10
Health and related fields	3,400	640	2,755	315	50	260
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	125	50	80	35	20	25
51. Health professions and related programs	3,220	570	2,645	270	35	235
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	20	30	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,110	1,180	930	135	70	60
12. Personal and culinary services	1,100	265	835	55	0	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	320	245	75	55	45	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	690	670	20	30	25	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	27,740	13,925	13,815	1,995	1,010	985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	10,165	5,010	5,160	870	425	450
Education	1,180	270	910	55	25	25
13. Education	1,180	265	910	50	30	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	150	180	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	30	30	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	265	115	150	0	0	0
Humanities	495	225	270	25	10	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	15	25	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	130	150	10	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	15	15	10	0	0
54. History	40	25	15	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	75	25	50	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,280	300	985	105	25	80
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	55	65	10	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	15	385	40	0	40
22. Legal professions and studies	155	45	115	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	10	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	365	75	285	15	0	10
45. Social sciences	175	90	75	25	15	10
Business, management and public administration	3,965	1,205	2,760	155	45	110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	50	130	40	20	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,790	1,155	2,635	120	30	95
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	190	170	15	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	55	110	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	10	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	15	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	120	85	35	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	20	0	0	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	400	260	145	20	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	245	105	20	10	10
25. Library science	40	0	40	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,765	4,480	285	365	340	30
04. Architecture and related services	55	35	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	240	215	20	40	35	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	960	835	125	105	95	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,090	1,070	20	75	75	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,470	1,430	35	120	115	0
48. Precision production	955	895	60	25	20	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	595	425	170	30	20	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	240	110	130	0	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	355	320	40	25	20	10
Health and related fields	2,535	495	2,040	240	45	190
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	105	45	60	30	15	15
51. Health professions and related programs	2,385	435	1,955	205	25	175
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	15	30	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,670	930	745	110	50	60
12. Personal and culinary services	865	185	675	55	0	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	250	195	55	35	20	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	545	15	25	20	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	45,335	22,110	23,225	3,270	1,675	1,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,875	9,455	11,420	1,775	885	885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	24,465	12,655	11,810	1,500	785	715
Location of study inside Canada	24,090	12,430	11,655	1,455	765	690
Same as province or territory of residence	23,815	12,255	11,555	1,385	735	655
Different than province or territory of residence	275	175	100	70	35	35
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	375	225	150	45	20	20
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45	25	20	25	15	10
Philippines	0	0	10	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	15	0	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	20	10	0	0	0
France	125	95	35	0	0	0
Other	155	65	85	0	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	27,740	13,930	13,815	1,995	1,010	985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,170	5,010	5,160	875	425	445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	17,575	8,920	8,650	1,120	585	535
Location of study inside Canada	17,300	8,770	8,535	1,095	580	515
Same as province or territory of residence	17,160	8,695	8,465	1,065	565	505
Different than province or territory of residence	135	75	65	30	15	15
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	270	155	120	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	30	15	15	10	0	10
Philippines	10	0	10	0	0	10
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	20	10	0	0	0
France	80	65	15	0	0	0
Other	110	35	70	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	45,340	22,115	23,225	3,275	1,675	1,600
In the labour force	23,945	12,395	11,550	1,755	925	830
Employed	21,835	11,045	10,795	1,665	875	790
Unemployed	2,110	1,355	755	90	55	35
Not in the labour force	21,395	9,715	11,675	1,515	750	770
Participation rate	52.8	56.0	49.7	53.6	55.2	51.9
Employment rate	48.2	49.9	46.5	50.8	52.2	49.4
Unemployment rate	8.8	10.9	6.5	5.1	5.9	4.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	45,335	22,110	23,225	3,270	1,675	1,600
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	20,670	9,290	11,380	1,490	740	755
Worked	24,670	12,825	11,845	1,785	935	845
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	11,015	5,980	5,040	960	570	390
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	13,650	6,840	6,805	825	365	460
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	41.5	42.4	43.4	44.5	42.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	23,940	12,400	11,545	1,755	925	830
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	765	395	370	30	25	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	23,180	12,000	11,180	1,730	905	825
Employee	20,630	10,525	10,100	1,620	860	755
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,555	1,480	1,075	110	40	70
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	23,940	12,395	11,545	1,755	925	830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	765	395	370	25	20	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	23,180	12,005	11,175	1,730	905	825
0 Management occupations	1,830	1,115	715	140	95	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,325	820	2,500	195	40	160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,015	830	175	90	75	15
3 Health occupations	2,100	390	1,705	170	20	150
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,660	750	1,910	150	25	125
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	415	235	180	10	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	5,560	2,325	3,235	465	150	310
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,020	3,865	160	270	260	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	350	265	80	65	60	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,910	1,400	515	175	165	15
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	23,945	12,395	11,545	1,755	925	830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	760	390	370	25	20	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	23,180	12,005	11,175	1,725	905	825
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320	230	90	15	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	30	15	40	40	0
22 Utilities	205	160	45	25	15	0
23 Construction	1,605	1,430	170	110	105	10
31-33 Manufacturing	3,425	2,610	815	350	310	45
41 Wholesale trade	455	350	115	25	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	3,085	1,465	1,615	255	95	160
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	785	650	135	45	30	15
51 Information and cultural industries	235	135	105	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	495	190	310	40	0	35
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	210	135	80	25	0	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	880	530	350	85	50	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	820	545	275	30	20	10
61 Educational services	1,510	475	1,040	115	20	95
62 Health care and social assistance	3,760	725	3,035	230	50	180
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	450	295	155	25	10	15
72 Accommodation and food services	1,780	705	1,075	185	65	120
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,240	590	650	65	15	50
91 Public administration	1,865	755	1,110	70	40	30
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	21,835	11,040	10,790	1,665	875	795
Worked at home	1,150	525	625	25	0	30
Worked outside Canada	30	30	0	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	1,880	1,385	500	130	110	25
Worked at usual place	18,770	9,100	9,670	1,495	760	735
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	18,770	9,100	9,670	1,495	760	735
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,045	5,235	6,805	1,135	515	620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	155	85	70	135	115	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,550	3,775	2,775	220	130	90
Commute to a different province or territory	25	10	15	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	20,650	10,480	10,170	1,630	870	760
Car, truck, van - as a driver	18,100	9,350	8,745	1,190	670	525
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	730	290	435	115	60	55
Public transit	240	120	120	0	0	0
Walked	1,230	505	725	280	125	160
Bicycle	115	85	30	25	15	10
Other method	245	130	115	15	10	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	20,655	10,480	10,170	1,630	870	755
Less than 15 minutes	8,990	4,010	4,985	1,095	515	585
15 to 29 minutes	6,625	3,310	3,315	245	180	65
30 to 44 minutes	3,515	2,040	1,475	85	45	40
45 to 59 minutes	810	570	240	115	80	40
60 minutes and over	710	555	155	85	55	25
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	20,655	10,485	10,165	1,625	870	760
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	995	720	270	185	160	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,830	2,470	1,365	290	220	70
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,305	3,595	3,715	355	175	185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,790	1,495	2,300	320	80	245
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,595	555	1,035	175	55	120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,140	1,660	1,480	305	190	120
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	25,430	13,205	12,220	1,875	980	890
Single responses	24,990	12,950	12,045	1,865	980	885
Official languages	24,975	12,940	12,035	1,865	980	880
English	330	220	105	1,835	975	870
French	24,650	12,720	11,930	25	10	15
Non-official languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	440	260	175	10	0	10
English and French	410	250	160	0	0	10
English and non-official language	10	10	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	25,425	13,210	12,225	1,870	980	890
None	22,640	11,490	11,155	1,725	910	815
English	2,510	1,525	980	0	0	10
French	245	170	75	135	65	70
Non-official language	25	10	20	10	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20	10	15	0	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	51,720	25,415	26,310	3,730	1,870	1,860
Non-movers	46,265	22,720	23,545	3,320	1,660	1,655
Movers	5,460	2,690	2,765	410	215	195
Non-migrants	3,650	1,805	1,850	245	135	110
Migrants	1,810	885	925	160	80	90
Internal migrants	1,745	850	895	155	75	80
Intraprovincial migrants	1,675	820	855	155	75	75
Interprovincial migrants	70	30	35	0	0	0
External migrants	65	35	30	10	0	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	49,785	24,395	25,385	3,600	1,805	1,800
Non-movers	34,085	16,680	17,410	2,415	1,205	1,210
Movers	15,700	7,725	7,975	1,190	605	580
Non-migrants	10,470	5,160	5,315	670	360	310
Migrants	5,225	2,565	2,660	515	240	270
Internal migrants	5,045	2,460	2,585	505	240	270
Intraprovincial migrants	4,940	2,420	2,520	470	220	245
Interprovincial migrants	105	45	65	35	15	15
External migrants	185	105	80	10	0	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Shawinigan [Census agglomeration], Quebec and Espanola [Population centre], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Shawinigan [Census agglomeration], Quebec and Espanola [Population centre], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Shawinigan [Census agglomeration], Quebec and Espanola [Population centre], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Shawinigan [Census agglomeration], Quebec and Espanola [Population centre], Ontario