Census Profile, 2016 Census
Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta and Arviat [Population centre], Nunavut

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Wood Buffalo Alberta [Census agglomeration]			Arviat Nunavut [Population centre]
	Data quality , Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta Map : Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Arviat [Population centre], Nunavut Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	73,320	...	...	2,514	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	66,896	...	...	1,810	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	9.6	...	...	38.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	31,393	...	...	598	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	26,225	...	...	561	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.2	...	...	1,027.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	61,871.37	...	...	2.45	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	73,325	39,440	33,880	2,515	1,250	1,265
0 to 14 years	14,705	7,590	7,115	905	455	455
0 to 4 years	6,145	3,170	2,970	330	170	160
5 to 9 years	4,815	2,450	2,370	325	150	175
10 to 14 years	3,745	1,970	1,775	255	140	115
15 to 64 years	56,545	30,705	25,840	1,520	750	775
15 to 19 years	3,585	1,915	1,670	270	130	145
20 to 24 years	4,695	2,435	2,265	240	110	130
25 to 29 years	7,905	4,060	3,840	205	100	105
30 to 34 years	8,920	4,745	4,175	175	85	90
35 to 39 years	7,265	3,855	3,415	140	75	65
40 to 44 years	6,035	3,360	2,675	145	70	75
45 to 49 years	5,535	3,040	2,495	135	70	65
50 to 54 years	5,530	3,130	2,405	95	55	45
55 to 59 years	4,555	2,680	1,875	65	30	35
60 to 64 years	2,520	1,485	1,040	55	25	25
65 years and over	2,075	1,140	930	85	45	35
65 to 69 years	1,110	650	460	40	20	15
70 to 74 years	455	250	205	25	15	10
75 to 79 years	270	140	125	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	155	60	95	10	5	5
85 years and over	90	40	40	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	75	35	30	5	0	0
90 to 94 years	15	5	5	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	5	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.1	19.2	21.0	36.0	36.4	36.0
15 to 64 years	77.1	77.9	76.3	60.4	60.0	61.3
65 years and over	2.8	2.9	2.7	3.4	3.6	2.8
85 years and over	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	33.0	33.7	32.3	25.2	25.6	24.8
Median age of the population	33.1	33.8	32.4	21.6	21.6	21.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Single-detached house	13,360	...	...	300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	580	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	9,735	...	...	260	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,235	...	...	45	...	...
Row house	2,835	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	420	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,240	...	...	45	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,555	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
1 person	6,060	...	...	85	...	...
2 persons	7,575	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	4,795	...	...	80	...	...
4 persons	4,255	...	...	80	...	...
5 or more persons	3,540	...	...	250	...	...
Number of persons in private households	73,210	...	...	2,510	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	4.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	58,615	31,845	26,770	1,605	795	810
Married or living common law	34,645	17,890	16,750	795	395	405
Married	28,095	14,605	13,490	530	265	265
Living common law	6,550	3,285	3,265	270	135	135
Not married and not living common law	23,970	13,950	10,020	810	400	410
Never married	19,545	11,695	7,845	735	380	360
Separated	1,720	1,025	690	20	5	20
Divorced	2,005	1,050	955	15	5	5
Widowed	705	180	530	40	10	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	18,220	...	...	555	...	...
2 persons	7,945	...	...	140	...	...
3 persons	4,375	...	...	130	...	...
4 persons	3,915	...	...	95	...	...
5 or more persons	1,990	...	...	195	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	18,220	...	...	555	...	...
Total couple families	15,435	...	...	395	...	...
Married couples	12,160	...	...	260	...	...
Common-law couples	3,275	...	...	130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,785	...	...	160	...	...
Female parent	1,810	...	...	115	...	...
Male parent	975	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	15,435	...	...	395	...	...
Couples without children	6,335	...	...	60	...	...
Couples with children	9,095	...	...	335	...	...
1 child	3,585	...	...	85	...	...
2 children	3,680	...	...	70	...	...
3 or more children	1,840	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,790	...	...	165	...	...
1 child	1,610	...	...	80	...	...
2 children	795	...	...	45	...	...
3 or more children	390	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,755	11,315	6,440	245	135	110
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
One-census-family households	16,285	...	...	365	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	5,625	...	...	30	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	10,660	...	...	340	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	940	...	...	85	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,000	...	...	110	...	...
One-person households	6,065	...	...	90	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,940	...	...	20	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	73,275	39,415	33,860	2,515	1,255	1,265
English only	67,455	36,420	31,035	2,060	1,025	1,040
French only	150	70	80	0	0	0
English and French	5,050	2,630	2,415	35	15	15
Neither English nor French	625	290	335	415	215	205
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	73,280	39,420	33,865	2,515	1,255	1,260
English	70,415	37,850	32,570	2,090	1,035	1,055
French	1,875	1,075	800	5	5	0
English and French	400	225	170	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	590	270	320	415	215	205
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,070	1,185	890	10	5	5
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.8	3.0	2.6	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	73,280	39,415	33,865	2,510	1,250	1,260
Single responses	72,065	38,770	33,290	2,480	1,235	1,245
Official languages	57,250	31,125	26,125	185	95	95
English	55,365	30,065	25,305	185	90	90
French	1,880	1,055	825	5	0	0
Non-official languages	14,815	7,650	7,170	2,295	1,145	1,150
Aboriginal languages	835	405	425	2,275	1,135	1,140
Algonquian languages	465	230	235	0	5	0
Blackfoot	0	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	445	215	230	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	430	210	215	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	5	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	360	175	185	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	365	175	190	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	355	175	185	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	2,275	1,135	1,140
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	2,265	1,135	1,135
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,985	7,240	6,740	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,665	1,605	1,055	5	5	5
Berber languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	800	520	275	0	0	0
Bilen	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	60	25	35	0	0	0
Somali	725	485	240	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,845	1,070	775	5	0	0
Amharic	455	265	185	0	0	0
Arabic	1,270	730	550	0	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	90	55	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	25	45	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	20	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,195	1,360	1,835	5	5	0
Bikol	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	5	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	70	20	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	5	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,915	1,245	1,670	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	10	5	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	20	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	360	200	165	0	0	0
Kannada	15	10	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	145	80	65	0	0	0
Tamil	125	70	55	0	0	0
Telugu	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,710	3,035	2,680	5	5	5
Albanian	20	15	5	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	565	285	280	0	0	0
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	550	280	265	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	135	75	60	0	5	0
Russian	160	75	85	0	0	0
Serbian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	35	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	410	230	180	0	0	0
Afrikaans	170	80	90	0	0	0
Danish	5	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	70	45	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	150	95	60	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,595	1,940	1,660	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,365	1,810	1,560	0	0	0
Bengali	240	125	115	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,070	575	495	0	0	0
Hindi	420	225	195	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nepali	35	20	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	425	250	175	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	30	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,035	540	495	0	0	0
Iranian languages	215	120	95	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	75	40	35	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	125	75	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,085	545	545	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	135	65	70	0	0	0
Romanian	110	65	50	0	0	0
Spanish	800	400	405	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Korean	160	75	80	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	785	410	375	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	25	10	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ganda	15	10	5	0	0	0
Igbo	50	25	25	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	120	60	60	0	0	0
Swahili	70	45	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	105	50	50	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	285	140	150	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	60	20	0	0	0
Dinka	35	30	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	35	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	680	345	340	0	0	0
Chinese languages	675	335	340	5	0	0
Cantonese	125	65	60	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	335	165	170	0	0	5
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	195	100	95	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	5	45	0	0	0
Lao	10	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	40	0	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,215	650	565	30	15	15
English and French	145	70	70	0	0	0
English and non-official language	975	515	455	30	15	15
French and non-official language	75	45	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	73,275	39,415	33,865	2,515	1,255	1,265
Single responses	71,015	38,240	32,775	2,485	1,235	1,250
Official languages	62,470	33,720	28,750	215	105	110
English	61,440	33,130	28,310	215	105	110
French	1,030	590	440	0	0	0
Non-official languages	8,550	4,520	4,030	2,270	1,130	1,140
Aboriginal languages	240	110	135	2,260	1,130	1,135
Algonquian languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	100	40	60	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	140	60	75	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	140	60	75	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	140	65	75	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	2,265	1,130	1,140
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	2,255	1,125	1,130
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,305	4,415	3,895	10	5	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,845	1,085	760	5	5	5
Berber languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	570	365	205	0	0	0
Bilen	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	35	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	535	345	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,265	715	550	0	0	5
Amharic	320	185	130	0	0	0
Arabic	865	480	380	0	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	80	45	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,570	750	820	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,485	710	775	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	15	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	265	135	125	0	0	0
Kannada	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tamil	105	55	45	0	0	0
Telugu	70	35	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,535	1,860	1,675	10	5	0
Albanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	130	120	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	250	130	120	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	40	25	15	0	0	0
Russian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Serbian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	145	75	70	0	0	0
Afrikaans	100	50	55	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	20	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,500	1,320	1,185	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,345	1,230	1,110	0	0	0
Bengali	150	75	75	0	0	0
Gujarati	800	415	380	0	0	0
Hindi	305	165	135	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	50	25	20	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265	155	115	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	715	360	355	0	0	0
Iranian languages	150	85	70	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pashto	60	30	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	90	45	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	625	325	295	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	65	30	35	0	0	0
Romanian	65	35	25	0	0	0
Spanish	485	255	235	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Korean	115	60	55	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	375	195	180	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	30	15	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	75	30	40	0	0	0
Swahili	40	25	5	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	35	15	0	0	0
Dinka	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	405	210	195	0	0	0
Chinese languages	400	210	195	0	0	0
Cantonese	60	30	25	0	0	0
Hakka	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	220	115	105	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,260	1,175	1,085	30	15	10
English and French	125	65	60	0	0	0
English and non-official language	2,045	1,050	1,000	30	15	15
French and non-official language	30	20	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	55	35	20	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	73,275	39,420	33,860	2,515	1,250	1,260
None	64,615	34,995	29,625	1,790	885	905
English	3,545	1,855	1,695	620	305	310
French	785	415	370	10	5	5
Non-official language	4,205	2,090	2,110	100	55	45
Aboriginal	765	390	375	75	40	35
Non-Aboriginal	3,440	1,695	1,740	25	15	10
English and French	20	10	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	70	35	35	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	20	25	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	58,505	31,790	26,715	1,600	790	805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	55,280	30,370	24,900	1,430	710	725
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	76,004	118,477	44,846	22,656	21,312	23,232
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	55,280	30,375	24,905	1,430	710	720
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,238	91,221	39,546	22,229	21,056	23,002
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	51,660	29,620	22,035	1,080	550	525
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	82,017	121,092	48,832	22,656	24,608	19,168
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,620	8,960	15,665	1,420	705	715
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,407	1,736	2,644	3,940	1,876	5,904
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,400	28,805	20,595	1,030	520	510
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	83,961	121,530	50,887	22,208	24,000	19,008
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	58,505	31,790	26,715	1,595	795	805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	55,325	30,455	24,870	1,430	705	725
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	98,770	130,045	60,473	39,337	38,501	40,157
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	55,335	30,455	24,885	1,430	705	725
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	74,967	96,485	48,632	34,293	33,216	35,350
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	51,775	29,710	22,065	1,080	550	530
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	103,007	131,746	64,316	42,940	43,729	42,117
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,315	8,845	15,470	1,420	705	715
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,417	5,296	5,486	7,001	4,542	9,420
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,400	28,835	20,565	1,025	520	510
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	102,437	129,422	64,597	42,399	42,994	41,795
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	58,505	31,790	26,715	1,600	790	805
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	30,645	19,640	11,010	395	190	210
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	105,652	138,152	69,179	82,560	81,280	84,544
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	121,682	143,698	82,413	77,479	78,118	76,898
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	97.6	98.8	94.3	82.4	88.8	76.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	93.1	94.8	88.6	77.6	82.4	73.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	2.4	1.2	5.7	17.7	11.7	23.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	58,505	31,790	26,715	1,595	790	805
Without total income	3,230	1,415	1,815	165	80	80
With total income	55,275	30,375	24,900	1,430	705	725
Percentage with total income	94.5	95.5	93.2	89.7	89.2	90.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,930	1,965	4,965	445	260	185
$10,000 to $19,999	3,825	1,405	2,420	215	80	130
$20,000 to $29,999	3,505	1,195	2,305	200	85	120
$30,000 to $39,999	3,140	1,245	1,895	130	55	70
$40,000 to $49,999	2,925	1,080	1,845	70	40	35
$50,000 to $59,999	2,950	1,195	1,760	40	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	2,870	1,255	1,615	40	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	2,430	1,185	1,245	35	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	2,200	1,120	1,085	35	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,245	980	35	20	20
$100,000 and over	22,280	17,480	4,795	185	85	95
$100,000 to $149,999	8,305	5,480	2,825	155	75	80
$150,000 and over	13,975	12,005	1,965	30	15	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	58,505	31,795	26,715	1,600	790	805
Without after-tax income	3,225	1,415	1,810	165	85	80
With after-tax income	55,280	30,375	24,905	1,435	710	725
Percentage with after-tax income	94.5	95.5	93.2	89.7	89.9	90.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,985	1,985	5,005	445	260	185
$10,000 to $19,999	4,050	1,485	2,570	220	85	135
$20,000 to $29,999	4,095	1,415	2,685	220	95	130
$30,000 to $39,999	3,820	1,520	2,300	130	65	70
$40,000 to $49,999	4,105	1,630	2,480	60	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	3,840	1,725	2,120	50	30	25
$60,000 to $69,999	3,305	1,625	1,680	50	25	25
$70,000 to $79,999	3,090	1,785	1,310	50	30	20
$80,000 and over	21,970	17,210	4,760	195	90	105
$80,000 to $89,999	3,010	1,830	1,175	45	20	25
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	1,605	835	45	25	25
$100,000 and over	16,530	13,780	2,750	105	50	55
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	58,510	31,790	26,715	1,600	795	805
Without employment income	9,110	2,990	6,120	570	275	295
With employment income	49,400	28,805	20,595	1,030	515	510
Percentage with employment income	84.4	90.6	77.1	64.4	64.8	63.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,005	1,135	1,870	230	115	120
$5,000 to $9,999	1,820	685	1,135	120	45	75
$10,000 to $19,999	3,210	1,235	1,975	140	70	70
$20,000 to $29,999	2,875	1,035	1,840	100	60	45
$30,000 to $39,999	2,845	1,150	1,700	65	40	20
$40,000 to $49,999	2,675	1,030	1,650	35	20	15
$50,000 to $59,999	2,680	1,090	1,590	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	2,545	1,100	1,445	40	20	25
$70,000 to $79,999	2,220	1,085	1,130	20	10	10
$80,000 and over	25,525	19,260	6,265	240	115	120
$80,000 to $89,999	2,090	1,120	975	40	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	2,090	1,185	905	35	10	25
$100,000 and over	21,340	16,955	4,385	160	85	80
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	193,511	...	...	76,160	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	146,797	...	...	71,808	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	6,065	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	104,212	...	...	33,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	81,530	...	...	31,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	20,165	...	...	470	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	218,924	...	...	81,152	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	167,111	...	...	77,312	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	208,372	...	...	100,411	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	158,190	...	...	87,537	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,895	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	126,788	...	...	60,285	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	93,987	...	...	49,611	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	21,330	...	...	475	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	227,106	...	...	107,776	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	172,933	...	...	94,498	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	280	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	245	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	280	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	310	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	550	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	640	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	560	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	650	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	620	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,440	...	...	235	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,820	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,810	...	...	55	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,340	...	...	55	...	...
$200,000 and over	12,470	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	300	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	310	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	305	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	300	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	380	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	355	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	795	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	785	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	880	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	965	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	930	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,740	...	...	195	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,765	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 and over	12,675	...	...	95	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	18,020	...	...	470	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	211,968	...	...	81,344	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	161,253	...	...	78,421	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	5,470	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	208,740	...	...	192,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	157,776	...	...	161,280	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	9,105	...	...	325	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	229,166	...	...	94,848	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	173,473	...	...	85,760	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,385	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	113,562	...	...	45,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	95,232	...	...	44,416	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	3.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	19,850	...	...	470	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	219,468	...	...	106,273	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	166,759	...	...	93,409	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	6,790	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	215,522	...	...	178,629	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	162,237	...	...	149,991	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	10,100	...	...	320	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	236,104	...	...	111,871	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	179,495	...	...	98,949	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,000	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	138,994	...	...	72,918	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	108,738	...	...	64,134	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	13,985	9,090	4,890	110	70	40
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	82,164	101,970	58,610	30,656	22,656	68,864
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	65,925	79,104	49,370	29,248	21,696	59,776
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	10,855	7,480	3,375	110	70	40
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	102,017	113,869	75,726	59,528	53,903	69,624
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	77,182	84,943	59,965	48,615	43,614	57,592
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	73,215	39,380	33,830	2,510	1,250	1,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	12,465	6,070	6,395	1,635	825	810
In the bottom decile	3,950	2,000	1,945	500	250	250
In the second decile	2,035	895	1,135	345	170	170
In the third decile	1,945	935	1,010	300	165	140
In the fourth decile	2,020	995	1,025	255	130	125
In the fifth decile	2,520	1,245	1,275	225	105	125
In the top half of the distribution	60,745	33,315	27,430	880	425	450
In the sixth decile	2,900	1,475	1,420	165	80	80
In the seventh decile	3,800	1,930	1,870	150	75	80
In the eighth decile	5,965	3,140	2,825	175	85	90
In the ninth decile	11,180	5,955	5,225	140	65	75
In the top decile	36,900	20,815	16,090	245	125	125
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	71,475	38,495	32,980	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	16,265	8,440	7,820	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	6,945	3,565	3,385	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	53,335	29,025	24,315	0	0	0
65 years and over	1,875	1,035	850	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,175	1,560	1,610	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	1,055	555	495	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	445	220	225	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	1,985	940	1,045	0	0	0
65 years and over	135	65	75	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.4	4.1	4.9	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	6.5	6.6	6.3	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	6.4	6.2	6.6	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.2	4.3	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	7.2	6.3	8.8	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,150	1,635	1,520	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	795	415	375	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	310	145	165	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	2,280	1,170	1,110	0	0	0
65 years and over	80	45	35	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.2	4.6	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.8	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.1	4.9	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.0	4.6	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	4.3	4.3	4.1	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	73,210	39,380	33,830	2,510	1,250	1,260
Official languages	72,590	39,090	33,500	2,095	1,040	1,055
English	72,480	39,040	33,440	2,095	1,035	1,055
French	5,135	2,705	2,435	35	15	20
Non-official languages	19,285	9,855	9,430	2,410	1,205	1,200
Aboriginal languages	1,430	705	730	2,380	1,190	1,185
Algonquian languages	900	450	455	0	0	0
Blackfoot	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	860	435	425	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	0	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	825	420	410	0	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	550	265	285	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	550	260	290	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	545	265	285	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	10	2,380	1,190	1,185
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	2,380	1,190	1,190
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	17,865	9,160	8,700	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,240	1,930	1,310	0	0	0
Berber languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	15	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	625	400	225	0	0	0
Bilen	30	20	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	595	375	215	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,640	1,540	1,100	0	10	0
Amharic	550	320	225	0	0	0
Arabic	1,830	1,035	800	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	240	170	75	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	45	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,465	1,955	2,505	0	0	0
Bikol	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	135	65	65	0	0	0
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	15	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	140	60	80	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	85	45	35	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,245	1,855	2,395	10	10	0
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	120	70	55	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	50	25	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	540	305	235	0	0	0
Kannada	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	205	110	95	0	0	0
Tamil	235	135	100	0	0	0
Telugu	85	45	30	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,160	3,760	3,400	10	10	0
Albanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	725	320	405	0	10	0
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	715	315	400	0	10	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Croatian	55	15	40	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	180	90	90	0	10	0
Russian	240	105	140	0	0	0
Serbian	110	50	55	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	105	35	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Welsh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	600	340	265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	200	100	100	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	110	80	30	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	305	170	135	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,125	2,215	1,910	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,990	2,135	1,850	0	0	0
Bengali	220	130	95	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,130	585	545	0	0	0
Hindi	1,125	635	495	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	115	60	50	0	0	0
Nepali	70	50	20	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640	390	255	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	75	0	0	0
Urdu	1,335	690	645	0	0	0
Iranian languages	120	65	55	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pashto	40	25	20	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	880	860	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	145	85	55	0	0	0
Portuguese	140	65	80	0	0	0
Romanian	115	65	50	0	0	0
Spanish	1,375	685	685	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Japanese	65	20	40	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Korean	200	90	110	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,195	645	555	0	0	10
Akan (Twi)	90	40	45	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	30	15	15	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	55	40	15	0	0	0
Igbo	120	65	60	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	30	25	0	0	0
Shona	140	65	70	0	0	0
Swahili	140	80	60	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	225	135	90	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	385	200	190	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	40	10	0	0	0
Dinka	25	25	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	10	35	0	0	10
American Sign Language	30	0	25	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	910	430	485	10	10	0
Chinese languages	890	420	475	0	0	0
Cantonese	195	115	85	0	0	0
Hakka	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mandarin	575	250	330	0	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	55	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	45	80	0	0	0
Lao	35	15	20	0	0	0
Thai	75	20	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	40	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	40	25	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	90	65	30	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	90	65	30	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	73,210	39,385	33,830	2,510	1,250	1,255
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	65,510	35,715	29,795	2,500	1,245	1,255
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,775	8,140	7,640	1,075	530	540
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	49,740	27,575	22,165	1,425	710	715
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	7,695	3,670	4,030	10	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	73,210	39,380	33,830	2,505	1,250	1,260
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	55,900	30,395	25,505	2,485	1,235	1,245
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	15,875	8,270	7,605	20	15	10
Before 1981	1,020	655	365	0	0	10
1981 to 1990	920	530	390	0	10	0
1991 to 2000	1,980	1,125	855	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	6,960	3,660	3,305	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	2,870	1,505	1,365	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	4,090	2,150	1,940	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,995	2,305	2,685	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,435	715	720	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	15,875	8,270	7,610	25	10	10
Under 5 years	1,285	740	545	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	2,560	1,395	1,165	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	3,115	1,630	1,485	10	0	0
25 to 44 years	7,740	3,870	3,865	10	0	0
45 years and over	1,180	640	540	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	15,880	8,270	7,610	25	10	10
Americas	1,615	815	805	10	0	10
Brazil	60	20	35	0	0	0
Colombia	60	30	30	0	0	0
El Salvador	70	35	35	0	0	0
Guyana	20	15	10	0	0	0
Haiti	50	35	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	235	125	105	0	0	0
Mexico	105	35	65	0	0	0
Peru	60	25	35	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	85	45	40	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	385	200	180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	485	240	245	0	0	0
Europe	1,660	960	700	0	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	30	20	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	15	0	0	0
France	30	10	20	0	0	0
Germany	140	95	40	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	70	55	25	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	90	30	65	0	0	0
Italy	50	40	10	0	0	0
Netherlands	60	45	15	0	0	0
Poland	85	30	55	0	0	0
Portugal	40	30	10	0	0	0
Romania	105	55	45	0	0	0
Russian Federation	55	40	15	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	45	15	25	0	0	0
Ukraine	70	25	50	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	545	350	195	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	205	105	95	0	0	0
Africa	3,100	1,825	1,275	10	0	0
Algeria	50	25	25	0	0	0
Egypt	45	30	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	495	285	210	0	0	0
Kenya	95	35	60	0	0	0
Morocco	100	70	35	0	0	0
Nigeria	425	260	170	0	0	0
Somalia	465	320	145	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	185	100	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,235	705	535	10	0	10
Asia	9,295	4,565	4,730	10	10	10
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	95	45	50	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	475	205	270	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	70	40	30	0	0	0
India	2,195	1,195	1,000	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	60	35	20	0	0	0
Iraq	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	30	10	25	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	155	60	100	0	0	0
Lebanon	420	225	200	0	10	0
Pakistan	975	560	415	0	0	0
Philippines	3,580	1,525	2,050	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	285	160	125	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	80	45	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	35	10	25	0	0	0
Viet Nam	60	30	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	735	390	345	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	210	110	100	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,995	2,305	2,690	10	0	0
Americas	430	210	220	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	20	0	20	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	35	35	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	60	20	40	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	45	45	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	155	100	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	25	10	0	0
Europe	300	160	140	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	55	15	35	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	15	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	0	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	80	65	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	60	45	0	0	0
Africa	1,005	470	540	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	165	120	45	0	0	0
Ethiopia	215	85	125	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	20	0	0	0
Nigeria	100	55	45	0	0	0
Somalia	85	50	40	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	25	0	0	0
Tunisia	30	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	290	95	195	0	0	0
Asia	3,180	1,420	1,760	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	125	55	65	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	530	285	245	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	25	0	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nepal	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pakistan	220	125	95	0	0	0
Philippines	1,825	765	1,060	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	20	0	15	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	15	15	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	65	35	30	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	50	105	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	80	45	35	0	0	0
Australia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	60	40	20	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	73,210	39,385	33,830	2,505	1,250	1,255
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	17,525	9,120	8,405	20	10	15
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	8,040	4,500	3,545	35	15	20
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	47,640	25,765	21,880	2,445	1,220	1,230
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	14,980	7,690	7,285	20	10	10
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	8,685	4,640	4,040	10	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,720	2,460	1,265	10	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	4,965	2,190	2,775	0	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	4,020	1,640	2,380	0	0	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,145	1,330	810	10	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	130	70	60	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	73,210	39,380	33,830	2,505	1,250	1,255
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	8,215	4,285	3,935	2,390	1,185	1,205
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	8,045	4,180	3,865	2,390	1,185	1,205
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,295	2,705	2,590	10	0	0
Métis	2,620	1,415	1,205	10	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	130	65	70	2,375	1,185	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	145	90	60	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	64,995	35,100	29,895	120	65	60
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	73,210	39,385	33,830	2,510	1,250	1,260
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,725	2,420	2,310	10	10	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	68,490	36,960	31,525	2,495	1,245	1,250
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	73,210	39,380	33,825	2,510	1,250	1,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	4,010	2,085	1,915	2,245	1,120	1,125
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,895	2,030	1,870	2,245	1,120	1,125
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	3,200	1,635	1,570	0	10	0
Métis single ancestry	600	345	255	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	95	55	40	2,240	1,115	1,125
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	110	60	50	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	95	45	50	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,055	2,055	1,995	125	60	70
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,850	1,950	1,905	125	60	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,655	1,345	1,310	0	0	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,030	510	525	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	160	95	65	120	60	65
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	200	105	95	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	105	90	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	65,150	35,235	29,910	135	70	65
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	73,215	39,385	33,830	2,510	1,250	1,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	19,075	9,950	9,125	20	10	15
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	4,980	2,720	2,265	0	0	0
Chinese	955	455	495	0	0	0
Black	4,175	2,410	1,760	10	10	10
Filipino	4,905	2,190	2,715	10	0	0
Latin American	930	480	445	0	0	0
Arab	1,780	1,000	780	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	455	220	240	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	155	90	65	0	0	0
Korean	225	95	125	0	0	0
Japanese	105	55	50	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	70	60	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	270	160	110	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	54,140	29,430	24,710	2,485	1,240	1,245
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	73,210	39,380	33,825	2,510	1,250	1,255
North American Aboriginal origins	8,060	4,145	3,915	2,375	1,180	1,190
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,165	3,140	3,020	10	10	0
Inuit	275	160	115	2,365	1,175	1,190
Métis	1,935	1,010	925	0	0	10
Other North American origins	23,725	12,935	10,785	95	45	50
Acadian	335	175	165	0	0	0
American	600	325	275	10	10	0
Canadian	22,795	12,440	10,360	85	40	40
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	220	135	90	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	45	20	25	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	32,510	17,580	14,930	165	85	80
British Isles origins	22,975	12,395	10,580	120	60	60
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	11,810	6,345	5,465	60	30	25
Irish	9,285	4,770	4,520	25	15	10
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	8,915	4,855	4,055	70	35	35
Welsh	695	320	370	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	910	515	395	0	0	0
French origins	5,845	2,955	2,890	15	15	0
Alsatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	5,845	2,950	2,890	15	15	0
Western European origins (except French origins)	5,985	3,340	2,640	25	15	10
Austrian	275	140	140	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	115	65	45	0	0	10
Dutch	1,425	775	645	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	4,590	2,600	1,990	20	10	10
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	90	55	35	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,010	1,140	870	10	0	0
Danish	285	175	105	0	0	0
Finnish	130	60	65	0	0	0
Icelandic	225	135	90	0	0	0
Norwegian	780	460	315	0	0	0
Swedish	545	285	260	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	120	70	45	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	4,620	2,435	2,190	10	0	0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	60	30	25	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	100	45	60	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	390	220	175	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	55	20	40	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,200	625	575	0	0	0
Romanian	270	160	110	0	0	0
Russian	725	355	370	0	0	0
Slovak	75	50	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,320	1,210	1,105	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	30	15	15	0	10	0
Southern European origins	2,335	1,160	1,185	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	55	20	35	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	75	45	30	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	155	105	50	0	0	0
Italian	960	490	470	0	0	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	275	130	150	10	0	0
Serbian	105	55	55	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Spanish	695	325	365	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	225	125	100	20	10	10
Basque	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jewish	30	10	30	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	180	115	70	15	10	10
Caribbean origins	655	365	290	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	20	10	0	0	0
Dominican	35	15	20	10	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Jamaican	335	195	145	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	50	50	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	35	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	80	25	55	0	0	0
Chilean	25	15	10	0	0	0
Colombian	140	95	45	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	35	30	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	160	70	95	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Salvadorean	60	30	30	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	305	135	170	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	85	50	30	0	0	0
African origins	4,315	2,450	1,860	20	10	10
Central and West African origins	865	490	370	10	0	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	75	55	25	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	130	65	65	0	10	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	40	30	15	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	495	275	220	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	35	25	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	50	15	30	0	0	0
North African origins	450	235	215	0	0	0
Algerian	85	40	50	0	0	0
Berber	15	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	115	60	60	0	0	0
Libyan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maure	25	15	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	90	60	30	0	0	0
Sudanese	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tunisian	40	20	20	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	25	20	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	2,305	1,335	970	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	10	10	0	0	0
Amhara	30	15	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	275	195	75	0	0	0
Ethiopian	555	305	245	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	70	30	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	730	445	290	0	0	0
South African	115	70	50	0	0	0
Tanzanian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	75	55	25	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	185	90	95	0	0	0
Zulu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	190	95	95	0	0	0
Other African origins	720	405	315	10	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	25	10	10	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	705	400	305	10	0	10
Asian origins	13,860	6,985	6,875	15	10	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,885	1,080	805	10	10	0
Afghan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	325	215	115	10	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	135	80	55	0	0	0
Iraqi	35	20	15	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	60	25	35	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	875	510	365	10	0	0
Palestinian	130	80	50	0	0	0
Pashtun	30	15	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	55	30	20	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	95	20	75	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	20	15	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	5,185	2,825	2,360	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	140	85	55	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	3,130	1,700	1,430	0	0	0
Goan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	60	35	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	45	20	25	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,165	605	560	0	0	0
Punjabi	230	125	105	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	325	185	140	0	0	0
Tamil	65	45	20	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	125	65	60	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,805	3,060	3,735	10	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	30	10	0	0	0
Chinese	1,170	555	615	0	10	0
Filipino	5,070	2,270	2,795	10	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Japanese	125	80	50	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	235	100	130	0	0	0
Laotian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Thai	70	15	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	50	65	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	45	35	15	0	0	0
Oceania origins	245	135	115	0	0	0
Australian	130	70	55	0	0	0
New Zealander	75	55	25	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	35	10	30	0	0	0
Fijian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Owner	17,410	...	...	110	...	...
Renter	8,285	...	...	455	...	...
Band housing	535	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	26,225	...	...	565	...	...
Condominium	5,980	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	20,250	...	...	560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,110	...	...	50	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,075	...	...	255	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,870	...	...	155	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,115	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,635	...	...	275	...	...
5 rooms	4,685	...	...	145	...	...
6 rooms	4,295	...	...	90	...	...
7 rooms	3,450	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,160	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	26,225	...	...	565	...	...
One person or fewer per room	25,635	...	...	350	...	...
More than 1 person per room	595	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Suitable	24,615	...	...	295	...	...
Not suitable	1,610	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	26,225	...	...	565	...	...
1960 or before	180	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,310	...	...	165	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,125	...	...	100	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,545	...	...	100	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,325	...	...	25	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,360	...	...	60	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,380	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	26,225	...	...	560	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	24,875	...	...	375	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,350	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	26,225	...	...	565	...	...
1 household maintainer	14,495	...	...	410	...	...
2 household maintainers	10,560	...	...	140	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,170	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	26,225	...	...	565	...	...
15 to 24 years	960	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,340	...	...	130	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,780	...	...	160	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,235	...	...	130	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,920	...	...	70	...	...
65 to 74 years	795	...	...	40	...	...
75 to 84 years	185	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	25,460	...	...	560	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,335	...	...	540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,125	...	...	20	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,575	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,345	...	...	105	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	85.6	...	...	42.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	2,794	...	...	1,014	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	2,696	...	...	1,165	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	601,859	...	...	200,032	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	619,344	...	...	227,206	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,225	...	...	455	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.8	...	...	70.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	18.5	...	...	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,702	...	...	130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,800	...	...	476	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	58,505	31,790	26,715	1,600	795	805
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,920	3,860	3,065	960	490	465
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,105	8,790	8,315	245	100	145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,480	19,145	15,335	395	200	195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,280	6,875	1,405	90	75	20
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,805	2,135	670	45	35	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,475	4,745	735	45	40	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,540	6,375	7,170	200	95	110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,510	685	830	15	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,145	5,210	5,930	85	30	55
Bachelor's degree	8,270	3,705	4,565	50	15	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	245	245	0	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	105	120	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,960	1,035	925	35	15	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	205	135	75	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	48,235	26,250	21,985	1,010	510	500
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,820	2,200	1,620	520	275	245
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,025	6,690	6,330	140	70	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,390	17,360	14,030	355	175	175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,385	6,100	1,280	80	65	15
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,525	1,915	605	40	30	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,860	4,190	675	40	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	12,325	5,820	6,505	180	75	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,345	600	745	10	10	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,335	4,835	5,505	80	30	50
Bachelor's degree	7,600	3,395	4,205	45	15	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435	230	210	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	100	115	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,890	980	905	35	10	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	200	120	75	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	58,505	31,790	26,715	1,600	790	805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	24,025	12,645	11,380	1,205	590	610
Education	1,570	360	1,210	50	20	30
13. Education	1,570	355	1,210	50	20	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	600	245	360	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	55	60	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	485	190	300	10	0	0
Humanities	1,095	385	705	20	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	70	15	60	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	185	50	130	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	135	380	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	15	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	55	45	0	10	0
54. History	150	85	65	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	15	10	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,120	580	1,540	40	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	65	145	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	590	30	560	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	300	80	220	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	0	10	10
42. Psychology	315	75	240	0	0	10
45. Social sciences	675	325	350	0	10	0
Business, management and public administration	6,455	1,665	4,795	90	25	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	325	40	285	10	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,115	1,615	4,500	80	20	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,260	645	615	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	400	185	215	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	320	145	175	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	430	265	170	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	50	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	985	595	390	0	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	545	315	0	0	10
25. Library science	25	0	25	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	50	45	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,475	11,965	1,510	95	90	10
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	45	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,765	2,285	480	0	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,155	1,760	390	0	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,795	2,590	205	55	50	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,330	4,030	300	20	20	0
48. Precision production	1,300	1,215	85	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	335	280	15	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	255	90	160	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	365	240	120	10	10	10
Health and related fields	3,340	615	2,725	25	10	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	265	105	160	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	3,030	485	2,545	25	0	20
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	25	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,970	1,760	1,205	45	30	15
12. Personal and culinary services	1,095	200	900	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	330	250	80	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,545	1,315	225	25	25	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	48,230	26,255	21,985	1,010	515	500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	16,845	8,890	7,955	660	340	320
Education	1,410	310	1,095	45	15	30
13. Education	1,405	315	1,095	40	15	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	500	205	295	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	50	60	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	380	150	230	10	10	0
Humanities	990	340	650	20	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	10	55	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	175	45	125	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	125	345	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	15	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	45	45	10	0	0
54. History	130	65	60	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	20	15	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,935	545	1,385	35	0	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	60	140	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	505	30	470	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	270	60	200	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	290	65	225	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	635	315	325	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	6,015	1,550	4,470	85	20	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	35	255	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,725	1,505	4,210	75	15	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,110	555	550	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	185	195	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	105	150	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	375	220	150	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	45	50	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	910	535	375	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	785	480	305	10	10	0
25. Library science	25	0	25	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	50	45	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	12,200	10,795	1,405	80	80	10
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	40	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,585	2,140	440	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,955	1,595	360	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,465	2,275	195	45	45	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,890	3,600	290	15	15	0
48. Precision production	1,185	1,105	85	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575	310	265	10	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	235	85	145	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	345	225	120	10	10	0
Health and related fields	3,090	580	2,510	30	10	20
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	240	95	140	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	2,810	460	2,350	20	0	20
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	25	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,665	1,635	1,035	40	25	15
12. Personal and culinary services	950	175	775	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	315	240	75	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,400	1,215	185	20	20	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	58,510	31,790	26,715	1,595	795	805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,025	12,645	11,380	1,200	590	615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	34,480	19,145	15,335	395	205	195
Location of study inside Canada	27,145	15,725	11,425	385	195	190
Same as province or territory of residence	12,595	7,790	4,805	235	115	125
Different than province or territory of residence	14,550	7,930	6,620	145	85	65
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,335	3,425	3,910	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	425	220	205	0	0	0
Philippines	2,325	890	1,435	10	0	0
India	1,320	680	635	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	255	175	80	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	200	95	105	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other	2,795	1,355	1,445	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	48,230	26,255	21,980	1,015	515	500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,845	8,890	7,950	660	335	320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	31,395	17,355	14,030	350	175	180
Location of study inside Canada	24,425	14,125	10,300	345	170	175
Same as province or territory of residence	10,930	6,785	4,150	215	95	115
Different than province or territory of residence	13,490	7,340	6,150	135	75	60
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,965	3,235	3,730	10	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	405	205	200	10	0	0
Philippines	2,250	855	1,390	0	0	10
India	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	135	80	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	195	95	100	0	0	0
France	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other	2,645	1,300	1,340	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	58,505	31,790	26,715	1,595	795	805
In the labour force	45,390	27,330	18,055	990	500	495
Employed	42,130	25,595	16,535	650	300	345
Unemployed	3,255	1,735	1,520	340	200	145
Not in the labour force	13,120	4,460	8,655	610	295	315
Participation rate	77.6	86.0	67.6	62.1	62.9	61.5
Employment rate	72.0	80.5	61.9	40.8	37.7	42.9
Unemployment rate	7.2	6.3	8.4	34.3	40.0	29.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	58,505	31,795	26,715	1,595	795	805
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	11,310	3,555	7,750	690	340	350
Worked	47,195	28,230	18,960	910	455	455
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	31,400	20,115	11,285	405	195	210
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	15,795	8,115	7,680	500	260	245
Average weeks worked in reference year	45.3	46.2	43.9	35.4	34.2	36.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	45,385	27,330	18,055	995	505	490
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	685	295	390	185	95	85
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	44,705	27,035	17,665	810	405	400
Employee	42,420	25,705	16,715	800	400	400
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,280	1,330	955	0	0	0
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	45,390	27,330	18,060	990	500	490
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	685	295	390	180	95	85
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	44,705	27,035	17,670	810	405	400
0 Management occupations	4,120	2,440	1,680	30	15	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,630	1,325	4,310	105	30	75
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,835	2,930	905	15	15	10
3 Health occupations	1,390	245	1,150	25	0	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,270	925	2,345	200	55	145
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	440	150	290	20	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	8,030	3,180	4,855	235	100	130
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,595	12,070	1,530	165	160	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,695	1,430	260	10	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,695	2,350	350	10	0	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	45,390	27,330	18,055	990	500	490
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	685	295	390	180	95	90
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	44,700	27,035	17,665	805	405	400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	230	145	85	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	13,335	10,695	2,640	60	45	15
22 Utilities	295	200	100	10	10	0
23 Construction	4,555	3,545	1,010	50	45	10
31-33 Manufacturing	1,435	1,135	295	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,550	1,030	520	35	25	15
44-45 Retail trade	3,685	1,720	1,970	120	50	70
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,345	1,700	645	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	255	120	140	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	540	130	415	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,010	615	395	40	30	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,750	1,055	695	0	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	35	20	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,280	1,125	1,150	10	10	0
61 Educational services	2,085	425	1,655	135	40	95
62 Health care and social assistance	2,395	335	2,065	85	15	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	505	140	365	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,395	915	1,480	20	0	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,865	885	975	15	10	10
91 Public administration	2,145	1,090	1,060	195	100	95
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	42,130	25,595	16,535	650	305	345
Worked at home	1,730	620	1,115	10	0	10
Worked outside Canada	30	15	10	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,830	4,605	1,225	60	50	15
Worked at usual place	34,545	20,360	14,185	585	250	330
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	34,545	20,360	14,190	585	250	330
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,295	19,690	13,605	530	215	310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	345	165	175	50	30	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	775	440	330	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	130	60	70	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	40,370	24,965	15,415	640	300	340
Car, truck, van - as a driver	23,710	13,500	10,210	135	70	70
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,800	1,020	780	65	15	45
Public transit	13,040	9,560	3,480	0	0	0
Walked	1,400	660	740	350	160	190
Bicycle	70	40	25	0	0	0
Other method	350	180	175	85	50	35
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	40,375	24,965	15,410	640	295	340
Less than 15 minutes	10,415	4,225	6,190	530	250	280
15 to 29 minutes	9,445	5,145	4,305	80	35	45
30 to 44 minutes	7,580	5,515	2,065	10	0	10
45 to 59 minutes	4,995	3,815	1,185	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	7,935	6,265	1,670	30	20	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	40,375	24,965	15,410	640	295	345
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,285	4,920	1,365	0	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,190	9,520	3,675	30	20	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,540	3,505	4,030	60	45	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,615	1,675	2,940	390	165	220
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,075	810	1,265	90	40	50
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,670	4,535	2,130	70	25	45
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	48,125	28,595	19,530	940	465	475
Single responses	48,005	28,555	19,445	910	455	455
Official languages	47,790	28,420	19,370	370	195	175
English	47,685	28,415	19,270	370	195	175
French	100	10	95	0	0	0
Non-official languages	210	130	80	540	255	280
Aboriginal languages	25	20	10	540	255	280
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	540	260	280
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	535	260	285
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	185	115	70	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	15	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	25	15	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	25	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	70	25	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	70	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	80	70	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	0	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages	30	0	25	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	0	20	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	40	80	30	15	15
English and French	35	10	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	85	30	55	25	15	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	48,125	28,595	19,530	940	465	475
None	47,055	28,075	18,975	290	140	145
English	115	45	70	420	200	220
French	375	185	185	0	0	0
Non-official language	565	270	295	235	130	105
Aboriginal	160	75	85	230	125	105
Non-Aboriginal	405	195	210	0	0	0
English and French	0	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	71,845	38,605	33,240	2,450	1,215	1,230
Non-movers	60,540	32,525	28,015	2,100	1,060	1,035
Movers	11,305	6,075	5,225	355	160	190
Non-migrants	8,685	4,740	3,940	290	130	160
Migrants	2,620	1,335	1,285	65	30	40
Internal migrants	1,915	995	925	65	30	35
Intraprovincial migrants	885	505	380	35	15	20
Interprovincial migrants	1,035	490	545	30	15	20
External migrants	705	340	360	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	67,080	36,220	30,865	2,180	1,080	1,095
Non-movers	29,470	15,960	13,510	1,440	725	710
Movers	37,610	20,255	17,355	740	355	385
Non-migrants	20,405	11,365	9,035	570	275	300
Migrants	17,205	8,890	8,315	170	80	85
Internal migrants	13,070	6,950	6,120	165	85	85
Intraprovincial migrants	3,610	2,015	1,600	105	55	45
Interprovincial migrants	9,460	4,940	4,520	60	25	40
External migrants	4,135	1,940	2,200	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta and Arviat [Population centre], Nunavut (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 26, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta and Arviat [Population centre], Nunavut

Census Profile, 2016 Census Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta and Arviat [Population centre], Nunavut

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta and Arviat [Population centre], Nunavut