Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oakville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Hesquiat 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oakville, T Ontario [Census subdivision]			Hesquiat 1, IRI British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Oakville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Oakville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Hesquiat 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	193,832	...	...	5	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	182,520	...	...	5	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	68,617	...	...	3	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	66,269	...	...	3	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,395.6	...	...	3.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	138.89	...	...	1.55	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	193,830	93,655	100,175	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	36,710	18,635	18,075	x	x	x
0 to 4 years	8,955	4,525	4,425	x	x	x
5 to 9 years	13,055	6,570	6,480	x	x	x
10 to 14 years	14,700	7,540	7,160	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	128,950	62,465	66,485	x	x	x
15 to 19 years	14,725	7,510	7,215	x	x	x
20 to 24 years	12,735	6,560	6,175	x	x	x
25 to 29 years	8,400	4,270	4,125	x	x	x
30 to 34 years	8,105	3,730	4,375	x	x	x
35 to 39 years	11,340	4,990	6,340	x	x	x
40 to 44 years	15,515	7,150	8,360	x	x	x
45 to 49 years	17,380	8,315	9,060	x	x	x
50 to 54 years	16,295	8,015	8,290	x	x	x
55 to 59 years	14,030	6,900	7,135	x	x	x
60 to 64 years	10,425	5,020	5,410	x	x	x
65 years and over	28,170	12,555	15,610	x	x	x
65 to 69 years	8,630	3,995	4,635	x	x	x
70 to 74 years	6,700	3,125	3,575	x	x	x
75 to 79 years	5,135	2,365	2,775	x	x	x
80 to 84 years	3,805	1,655	2,155	x	x	x
85 years and over	3,895	1,420	2,485	x	x	x
85 to 89 years	2,455	965	1,495	x	x	x
90 to 94 years	1,150	390	760	x	x	x
95 to 99 years	255	55	200	x	x	x
100 years and over	40	10	30	x	x	x
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	18.9	19.9	18.0	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	66.5	66.7	66.4	x	x	x
65 years and over	14.5	13.4	15.6	x	x	x
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	x	x	x
Average age of the population	39.7	38.8	40.6	x	x	x
Median age of the population	41.7	40.9	42.3	x	x	x
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	66,265	...	...	x	...	...
Single-detached house	40,530	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,885	...	...	x	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	17,850	...	...	x	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,615	...	...	x	...	...
Row house	11,065	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	955	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,150	...	...	x	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	x	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
1 person	11,760	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	18,715	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	12,170	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	15,560	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	8,070	...	...	x	...	...
Number of persons in private households	191,720	...	...	x	...	...
Average household size	2.9	...	...	x	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	157,120	75,020	82,100	x	x	x
Married or living common law	97,415	48,480	48,930	x	x	x
Married	90,305	44,915	45,390	x	x	x
Living common law	7,110	3,565	3,540	x	x	x
Not married and not living common law	59,710	26,535	33,170	x	x	x
Never married	41,805	21,665	20,140	x	x	x
Separated	3,500	1,325	2,175	x	x	x
Divorced	6,950	2,150	4,800	x	x	x
Widowed	7,455	1,400	6,060	x	x	x
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	54,875	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	20,595	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	12,530	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	15,885	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	5,865	...	...	x	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	x	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	54,875	...	...	x	...	...
Total couple families	47,745	...	...	x	...	...
Married couples	44,195	...	...	x	...	...
Common-law couples	3,555	...	...	x	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	7,125	...	...	x	...	...
Female parent	5,765	...	...	x	...	...
Male parent	1,360	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	47,750	...	...	x	...	...
Couples without children	16,595	...	...	x	...	...
Couples with children	31,155	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	10,135	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	15,300	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	5,715	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	7,130	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	4,000	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	2,395	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	730	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,765	7,315	11,450	x	x	x
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
One-census-family households	51,500	...	...	x	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	15,150	...	...	x	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	36,355	...	...	x	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,645	...	...	x	...	...
Non-census-family households	13,125	...	...	x	...	...
One-person households	11,760	...	...	x	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,365	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	192,725	93,250	99,470	x	x	x
English only	166,370	82,025	84,345	x	x	x
French only	150	60	90	x	x	x
English and French	22,850	9,845	13,005	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	3,355	1,320	2,030	x	x	x
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	192,725	93,250	99,475	x	x	x
English	183,795	89,450	94,340	x	x	x
French	3,480	1,540	1,940	x	x	x
English and French	2,145	960	1,180	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	3,305	1,300	2,010	x	x	x
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,555	2,020	2,530	x	x	x
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.4	2.2	2.5	x	x	x
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	192,725	93,250	99,475	x	x	x
Single responses	186,735	90,375	96,360	x	x	x
Official languages	126,900	62,225	64,675	x	x	x
English	123,565	60,740	62,825	x	x	x
French	3,340	1,485	1,850	x	x	x
Non-official languages	59,840	28,150	31,685	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	5	5	5	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	5	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	59,830	28,150	31,685	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,085	2,540	2,540	x	x	x
Berber languages	10	5	5	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	5	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	55	25	35	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	5	0	10	x	x	x
Somali	50	25	25	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	5,010	2,510	2,500	x	x	x
Amharic	20	10	10	x	x	x
Arabic	4,635	2,345	2,290	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	115	45	65	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	70	30	40	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	50	30	20	x	x	x
Maltese	80	35	50	x	x	x
Tigrigna	15	10	5	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	485	210	270	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	x	x	x
Vietnamese	480	205	270	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	2,250	815	1,435	x	x	x
Bikol	5	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	85	30	50	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	x	x	x
Ilocano	75	30	45	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	115	45	65	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	5	15	x	x	x
Pangasinan	5	0	5	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,900	680	1,225	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	x	x	x
Creole languages	50	20	25	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	760	370	390	x	x	x
Kannada	40	20	15	x	x	x
Malayalam	165	75	90	x	x	x
Tamil	430	210	220	x	x	x
Telugu	125	60	65	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	36,905	17,515	19,385	x	x	x
Albanian	285	140	145	x	x	x
Armenian	175	85	95	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	11,390	5,250	6,140	x	x	x
Baltic languages	260	105	155	x	x	x
Latvian	80	30	50	x	x	x
Lithuanian	185	75	110	x	x	x
Slavic languages	11,130	5,140	5,985	x	x	x
Belarusan	15	10	5	x	x	x
Bosnian	95	45	50	x	x	x
Bulgarian	290	145	145	x	x	x
Croatian	1,835	875	960	x	x	x
Czech	245	105	145	x	x	x
Macedonian	400	190	210	x	x	x
Polish	3,355	1,520	1,835	x	x	x
Russian	1,975	885	1,085	x	x	x
Serbian	1,395	675	720	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	135	55	75	x	x	x
Slovak	390	190	200	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	55	95	x	x	x
Ukrainian	835	380	455	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	x	x	x
Celtic languages	25	10	15	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	10	5	5	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	x	x	x
Germanic languages	2,670	1,230	1,440	x	x	x
Afrikaans	205	90	115	x	x	x
Danish	105	45	55	x	x	x
Dutch	575	290	285	x	x	x
Frisian	5	0	5	x	x	x
German	1,640	745	900	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	30	10	15	x	x	x
Swedish	70	35	40	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	20	x	x	x
Yiddish	5	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	620	305	310	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	9,670	4,720	4,950	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	7,970	3,890	4,080	x	x	x
Bengali	325	165	165	x	x	x
Gujarati	685	320	365	x	x	x
Hindi	1,205	580	630	x	x	x
Kashmiri	25	10	20	x	x	x
Konkani	80	35	45	x	x	x
Marathi	80	40	45	x	x	x
Nepali	20	5	15	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	5	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,375	1,175	1,200	x	x	x
Sindhi	95	45	50	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	225	110	120	x	x	x
Urdu	2,835	1,395	1,440	x	x	x
Iranian languages	1,655	805	850	x	x	x
Kurdish	40	20	25	x	x	x
Pashto	285	130	155	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	1,330	655	670	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	12,065	5,780	6,290	x	x	x
Catalan	10	5	5	x	x	x
Italian	3,370	1,705	1,665	x	x	x
Portuguese	3,360	1,605	1,760	x	x	x
Romanian	1,065	505	560	x	x	x
Spanish	4,250	1,960	2,295	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Japanese	205	60	150	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	2,250	1,050	1,205	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	5	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	5	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	310	140	170	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	90	35	50	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	5	5	0	x	x	x
Ewe	5	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	5	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	5	5	0	x	x	x
Igbo	35	15	20	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	15	5	10	x	x	x
Swahili	20	10	10	x	x	x
Wolof	5	0	5	x	x	x
Yoruba	80	40	45	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	x	x	x
Sign languages	45	20	20	x	x	x
American Sign Language	25	10	15	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	5	10	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,060	4,720	5,340	x	x	x
Chinese languages	10,020	4,710	5,310	x	x	x
Cantonese	1,935	905	1,030	x	x	x
Hakka	55	25	35	x	x	x
Mandarin	7,515	3,535	3,975	x	x	x
Min Dong	5	5	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	190	85	105	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	135	65	75	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	85	90	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	15	25	x	x	x
Burmese	15	5	10	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	20	5	10	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	50	x	x	x
Lao	20	10	10	x	x	x
Thai	65	25	40	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	555	280	275	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	20	10	15	x	x	x
Turkish	505	255	245	x	x	x
Uyghur	15	5	5	x	x	x
Uzbek	5	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Uralic languages	775	360	415	x	x	x
Estonian	65	30	30	x	x	x
Finnish	105	40	60	x	x	x
Hungarian	610	285	320	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	x	x	x
Multiple responses	5,990	2,880	3,110	x	x	x
English and French	610	275	330	x	x	x
English and non-official language	4,935	2,390	2,545	x	x	x
French and non-official language	205	100	105	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	240	110	125	x	x	x
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	192,725	93,250	99,475	x	x	x
Single responses	180,020	87,210	92,810	x	x	x
Official languages	151,370	73,625	77,740	x	x	x
English	149,950	72,960	76,985	x	x	x
French	1,415	665	755	x	x	x
Non-official languages	28,645	13,580	15,070	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	28,650	13,580	15,065	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,325	1,115	1,220	x	x	x
Berber languages	5	0	5	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	5	0	5	x	x	x
Somali	25	10	15	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	2,295	1,100	1,195	x	x	x
Amharic	10	5	5	x	x	x
Arabic	2,130	1,030	1,100	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	55	25	30	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	15	10	10	x	x	x
Maltese	15	10	10	x	x	x
Tigrigna	5	5	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	105	120	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	230	110	125	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	900	385	515	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	35	10	25	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	x	x	x
Ilocano	15	10	10	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	30	15	20	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	785	330	450	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Creole languages	15	5	10	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	315	140	170	x	x	x
Kannada	10	5	5	x	x	x
Malayalam	60	25	30	x	x	x
Tamil	175	75	95	x	x	x
Telugu	65	30	35	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	15,560	7,375	8,190	x	x	x
Albanian	85	45	40	x	x	x
Armenian	65	30	35	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	5,100	2,440	2,660	x	x	x
Baltic languages	85	40	40	x	x	x
Latvian	25	10	10	x	x	x
Lithuanian	60	30	30	x	x	x
Slavic languages	5,015	2,395	2,615	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	40	20	20	x	x	x
Bulgarian	165	90	80	x	x	x
Croatian	590	280	305	x	x	x
Czech	75	35	35	x	x	x
Macedonian	190	90	100	x	x	x
Polish	1,480	705	780	x	x	x
Russian	1,310	610	695	x	x	x
Serbian	720	355	365	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	30	x	x	x
Slovak	140	75	70	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	x	x	x
Ukrainian	220	100	120	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	x	x	x
Celtic languages	10	0	5	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	445	215	230	x	x	x
Afrikaans	85	35	50	x	x	x
Danish	10	5	5	x	x	x
Dutch	90	45	45	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	225	110	115	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	30	20	10	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	120	60	65	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	4,580	2,160	2,420	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	3,620	1,730	1,885	x	x	x
Bengali	150	70	80	x	x	x
Gujarati	235	95	135	x	x	x
Hindi	470	215	255	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	20	5	10	x	x	x
Marathi	30	15	10	x	x	x
Nepali	5	5	0	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	5	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,180	570	615	x	x	x
Sindhi	35	15	20	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	45	50	x	x	x
Urdu	1,385	680	705	x	x	x
Iranian languages	955	425	530	x	x	x
Kurdish	30	15	15	x	x	x
Pashto	165	75	90	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	755	340	420	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	5,155	2,425	2,735	x	x	x
Catalan	5	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	655	275	375	x	x	x
Portuguese	1,365	650	710	x	x	x
Romanian	505	235	265	x	x	x
Spanish	2,630	1,260	1,370	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	x	x	x
Japanese	70	35	40	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	1,545	730	810	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	60	20	40	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	20	5	15	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	5	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	5	5	0	x	x	x
Swahili	5	5	5	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	15	5	10	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	50	20	25	x	x	x
American Sign Language	20	10	10	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	15	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,040	3,380	3,660	x	x	x
Chinese languages	7,025	3,375	3,650	x	x	x
Cantonese	945	465	480	x	x	x
Hakka	10	0	5	x	x	x
Mandarin	5,795	2,770	3,020	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	35	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	95	45	50	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	105	50	55	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	x	x	x
Burmese	5	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	5	5	5	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	x	x	x
Lao	5	0	5	x	x	x
Thai	15	10	5	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	290	145	145	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	x	x	x
Turkish	280	140	135	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	5	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	5	0	5	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	215	105	110	x	x	x
Estonian	5	5	0	x	x	x
Finnish	25	15	10	x	x	x
Hungarian	180	90	95	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	12,705	6,045	6,665	x	x	x
English and French	510	240	265	x	x	x
English and non-official language	11,790	5,620	6,170	x	x	x
French and non-official language	55	25	30	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	360	165	190	x	x	x
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	192,725	93,250	99,475	x	x	x
None	154,515	75,380	79,135	x	x	x
English	14,880	7,215	7,665	x	x	x
French	2,695	1,150	1,545	x	x	x
Non-official language	19,910	9,170	10,740	x	x	x
Aboriginal	5	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	19,900	9,170	10,735	x	x	x
English and French	160	70	90	x	x	x
English and non-official language	225	110	115	x	x	x
French and non-official language	325	145	180	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	15	10	5	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	155,020	74,295	80,730	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	146,945	70,470	76,475	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,152	54,054	34,188	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	146,995	70,480	76,510	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,450	46,816	30,912	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	137,190	66,950	70,240	x	x	x
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,652	54,034	32,704	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	98,275	42,285	55,985	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,936	698	3,064	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	113,960	58,135	55,825	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,427	53,624	35,084	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	155,020	74,295	80,730	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	147,000	70,485	76,515	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	76,541	101,897	53,184	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	147,055	70,500	76,555	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,873	72,352	42,618	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	137,260	66,885	70,380	x	x	x
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	77,712	103,997	52,731	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	98,120	42,150	55,970	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,959	5,373	6,401	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,960	57,845	56,115	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	75,614	98,715	51,799	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	155,025	74,290	80,725	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	55,150	31,115	24,035	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	76,987	88,025	65,039	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	111,473	136,021	79,703	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	94.8	96.8	91.1	x	x	x
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.0	79.8	72.0	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	5.2	3.2	8.9	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	155,020	74,295	80,730	x	x	x
Without total income	8,075	3,825	4,250	x	x	x
With total income	146,945	70,470	76,480	x	x	x
Percentage with total income	94.8	94.9	94.7	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,495	10,220	14,270	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	20,010	7,960	12,050	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	14,740	5,875	8,860	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	11,765	4,785	6,975	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	10,775	4,660	6,115	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	9,330	4,100	5,230	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	8,110	3,830	4,280	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	6,760	3,405	3,360	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	6,295	3,175	3,110	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	5,830	2,925	2,905	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	28,840	19,535	9,310	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	14,785	9,140	5,650	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	14,055	10,390	3,665	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	155,025	74,295	80,725	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	8,025	3,815	4,215	x	x	x
With after-tax income	146,990	70,480	76,510	x	x	x
Percentage with after-tax income	94.8	94.9	94.8	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,290	10,430	14,855	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	20,950	8,315	12,630	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	16,770	6,715	10,050	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	14,005	5,890	8,115	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	13,005	5,710	7,290	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	10,745	5,105	5,645	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	9,075	4,605	4,475	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	8,330	4,300	4,035	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	28,825	19,410	9,415	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	6,495	3,730	2,770	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	4,495	2,820	1,675	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	17,840	12,860	4,980	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	155,025	74,295	80,730	x	x	x
Without employment income	41,060	16,160	24,900	x	x	x
With employment income	113,960	58,135	55,825	x	x	x
Percentage with employment income	73.5	78.2	69.2	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,485	8,015	8,465	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	9,120	4,080	5,040	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	12,445	5,505	6,945	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	9,095	3,915	5,185	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	7,860	3,355	4,505	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	7,365	3,125	4,240	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	6,735	2,945	3,795	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	5,925	2,785	3,145	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	5,130	2,530	2,600	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	33,790	21,870	11,920	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	5,080	2,590	2,490	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	4,985	2,485	2,500	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	23,720	16,795	6,925	x	x	x
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	113,666	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	95,035	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	11,760	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,604	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,741	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	54,510	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	132,596	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,019	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	169,786	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	126,204	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	81,160	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	61,052	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	54,470	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	188,982	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	140,316	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	1,000	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	535	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	935	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,285	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,465	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,490	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,580	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,640	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,730	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,600	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,385	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,250	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,115	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,135	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	37,100	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,855	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,905	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,865	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	15,460	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	1,100	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	560	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	970	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,350	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,620	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,650	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,870	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,955	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,045	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,045	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,130	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,985	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,015	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,930	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,650	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,390	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,935	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,420	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	17,035	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	53,585	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	133,291	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	110,399	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	14,795	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,120	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,495	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	31,230	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	162,621	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	132,538	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,590	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,483	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,783	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	53,545	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	189,944	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	140,794	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	14,930	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	168,473	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	123,631	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	31,175	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	220,504	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	162,705	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,505	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	101,465	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,115	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,465	6,285	9,180	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	41,192	43,881	39,386	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	36,318	38,489	35,022	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	15,520	6,235	9,285	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	69,632	89,903	56,030	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	53,115	63,677	46,027	x	x	x
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	191,720	92,920	98,795	x	x	x
In the bottom half of the distribution	57,735	26,700	31,035	x	x	x
In the bottom decile	13,575	6,360	7,215	x	x	x
In the second decile	10,705	4,760	5,950	x	x	x
In the third decile	10,310	4,600	5,710	x	x	x
In the fourth decile	10,815	5,055	5,760	x	x	x
In the fifth decile	12,320	5,925	6,405	x	x	x
In the top half of the distribution	133,985	66,220	67,760	x	x	x
In the sixth decile	14,210	6,855	7,355	x	x	x
In the seventh decile	16,815	8,150	8,670	x	x	x
In the eighth decile	20,810	10,240	10,570	x	x	x
In the ninth decile	28,930	14,310	14,625	x	x	x
In the top decile	53,215	26,665	26,545	x	x	x
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	191,715	92,920	98,795	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	45,620	23,135	22,480	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	11,280	5,715	5,565	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	119,655	57,735	61,915	x	x	x
65 years and over	26,445	12,045	14,395	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,685	8,545	10,140	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	5,665	2,830	2,835	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	1,260	605	655	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	11,055	5,020	6,035	x	x	x
65 years and over	1,960	695	1,265	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	9.2	10.3	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	12.4	12.2	12.6	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	10.6	11.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.7	9.7	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	7.4	5.8	8.8	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15,485	7,180	8,310	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	4,580	2,295	2,285	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	995	480	520	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	9,630	4,455	5,180	x	x	x
65 years and over	1,270	425	845	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.1	7.7	8.4	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	9.9	10.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.4	9.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.7	8.4	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	4.8	3.5	5.9	x	x	x
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	191,720	92,920	98,800	x	x	x
Official languages	188,380	91,555	96,820	x	x	x
English	188,230	91,495	96,735	x	x	x
French	22,910	9,710	13,205	x	x	x
Non-official languages	75,230	35,420	39,810	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	30	15	20	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	20	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	25	10	15	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	75,205	35,410	39,790	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,125	3,615	3,515	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	40	20	25	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	10	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	35	15	15	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	7,055	3,585	3,470	x	x	x
Amharic	50	15	30	x	x	x
Arabic	6,575	3,360	3,220	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	110	50	60	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	130	75	55	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	210	105	110	x	x	x
Maltese	115	70	45	x	x	x
Tigrigna	30	20	15	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	595	270	320	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	590	275	320	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	2,760	1,020	1,740	x	x	x
Bikol	0	10	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	105	30	75	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	x	x	x
Ilocano	95	30	65	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	10	0	x	x	x
Malay	145	55	90	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,580	955	1,630	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	10	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	x	x	x
Creole languages	230	85	145	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	140	55	90	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	30	45	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	1,155	565	590	x	x	x
Kannada	90	35	55	x	x	x
Malayalam	265	115	150	x	x	x
Tamil	670	355	315	x	x	x
Telugu	190	80	110	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	48,220	22,815	25,410	x	x	x
Albanian	375	200	175	x	x	x
Armenian	225	120	100	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	13,325	6,185	7,135	x	x	x
Baltic languages	310	115	195	x	x	x
Latvian	105	45	55	x	x	x
Lithuanian	205	70	135	x	x	x
Slavic languages	13,085	6,085	6,995	x	x	x
Belarusan	50	30	15	x	x	x
Bosnian	145	75	70	x	x	x
Bulgarian	435	225	215	x	x	x
Croatian	2,600	1,285	1,310	x	x	x
Czech	400	170	235	x	x	x
Macedonian	560	290	270	x	x	x
Polish	3,990	1,770	2,215	x	x	x
Russian	2,590	1,140	1,450	x	x	x
Serbian	1,930	910	1,020	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	125	50	75	x	x	x
Slovak	415	200	220	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	40	110	x	x	x
Ukrainian	1,260	575	690	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	30	x	x	x
Celtic languages	105	45	60	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	40	15	25	x	x	x
Welsh	20	0	15	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	x	x	x
Germanic languages	4,315	1,940	2,375	x	x	x
Afrikaans	615	285	325	x	x	x
Danish	145	65	80	x	x	x
Dutch	720	325	395	x	x	x
Frisian	10	10	0	x	x	x
German	2,885	1,315	1,570	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	35	15	25	x	x	x
Swedish	110	35	75	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	x	x	x
Yiddish	15	0	15	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	930	420	505	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	13,440	6,545	6,895	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	11,375	5,575	5,795	x	x	x
Bengali	465	235	225	x	x	x
Gujarati	970	450	520	x	x	x
Hindi	3,905	1,920	1,990	x	x	x
Kashmiri	55	30	25	x	x	x
Konkani	160	75	90	x	x	x
Marathi	190	110	90	x	x	x
Nepali	15	10	10	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,805	1,905	1,900	x	x	x
Sindhi	180	100	75	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	315	160	160	x	x	x
Urdu	4,340	2,140	2,200	x	x	x
Iranian languages	2,200	1,035	1,165	x	x	x
Kurdish	60	30	30	x	x	x
Pashto	510	235	275	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	1,785	825	955	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	16,695	7,890	8,805	x	x	x
Catalan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Italian	5,030	2,435	2,600	x	x	x
Portuguese	4,190	2,035	2,155	x	x	x
Romanian	1,265	600	660	x	x	x
Spanish	7,015	3,190	3,825	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	x	x	x
Japanese	475	220	260	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	2,590	1,245	1,345	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	815	385	435	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	175	75	100	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	10	0	10	x	x	x
Ewe	25	10	10	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	20	15	0	x	x	x
Ganda	15	10	10	x	x	x
Igbo	100	55	50	x	x	x
Lingala	25	15	10	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	10	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	180	100	90	x	x	x
Wolof	10	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	245	115	135	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	25	35	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	10	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	195	70	125	x	x	x
American Sign Language	130	35	90	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	11,430	5,395	6,035	x	x	x
Chinese languages	11,375	5,370	6,000	x	x	x
Cantonese	2,800	1,325	1,470	x	x	x
Hakka	60	25	35	x	x	x
Mandarin	8,800	4,120	4,680	x	x	x
Min Dong	10	0	10	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	240	105	130	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	240	105	135	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	220	110	115	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	35	40	x	x	x
Burmese	45	20	25	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	15	0	10	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	35	x	x	x
Lao	25	10	15	x	x	x
Thai	35	20	20	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	695	355	340	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	45	15	25	x	x	x
Turkish	600	300	305	x	x	x
Uyghur	25	20	10	x	x	x
Uzbek	10	10	10	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	x	x	x
Uralic languages	815	350	465	x	x	x
Estonian	80	40	35	x	x	x
Finnish	110	30	75	x	x	x
Hungarian	625	275	355	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	x	x	x
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	191,720	92,920	98,800	x	x	x
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	173,225	84,420	88,800	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged under 18	41,445	21,015	20,430	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	131,780	63,405	68,370	x	x	x
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	18,495	8,495	10,000	x	x	x
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	191,715	92,920	98,795	x	x	x
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	119,950	59,260	60,690	x	x	x
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	68,845	32,420	36,430	x	x	x
Before 1981	19,685	9,315	10,370	x	x	x
1981 to 1990	7,890	3,660	4,230	x	x	x
1991 to 2000	12,895	6,070	6,825	x	x	x
2001 to 2010	18,195	8,615	9,585	x	x	x
2001 to 2005	9,435	4,540	4,895	x	x	x
2006 to 2010	8,760	4,070	4,690	x	x	x
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	10,180	4,765	5,415	x	x	x
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,925	1,250	1,680	x	x	x
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	68,845	32,420	36,430	x	x	x
Under 5 years	7,520	3,640	3,880	x	x	x
5 to 14 years	13,255	6,855	6,405	x	x	x
15 to 24 years	12,690	5,430	7,265	x	x	x
25 to 44 years	29,520	13,665	15,855	x	x	x
45 years and over	5,855	2,830	3,025	x	x	x
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	68,845	32,415	36,430	x	x	x
Americas	9,005	3,895	5,115	x	x	x
Brazil	330	150	175	x	x	x
Colombia	670	260	410	x	x	x
El Salvador	150	70	80	x	x	x
Guyana	425	190	235	x	x	x
Haiti	30	0	20	x	x	x
Jamaica	1,120	420	705	x	x	x
Mexico	525	215	310	x	x	x
Peru	535	225	305	x	x	x
Trinidad and Tobago	680	285	400	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	2,325	1,025	1,305	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	2,225	1,050	1,175	x	x	x
Europe	24,975	11,845	13,130	x	x	x
Bosnia and Herzegovina	435	230	205	x	x	x
Croatia	1,175	560	610	x	x	x
France	285	115	165	x	x	x
Germany	1,170	535	635	x	x	x
Greece	280	160	120	x	x	x
Hungary	300	105	190	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	440	185	255	x	x	x
Italy	1,730	895	835	x	x	x
Netherlands	510	250	265	x	x	x
Poland	2,625	1,120	1,505	x	x	x
Portugal	2,255	1,130	1,135	x	x	x
Romania	1,045	465	575	x	x	x
Russian Federation	925	425	500	x	x	x
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	655	315	345	x	x	x
Ukraine	660	300	355	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,545	3,695	3,850	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	2,940	1,350	1,585	x	x	x
Africa	5,450	2,800	2,655	x	x	x
Algeria	35	15	25	x	x	x
Egypt	2,140	1,180	960	x	x	x
Ethiopia	50	25	30	x	x	x
Kenya	375	180	190	x	x	x
Morocco	60	20	40	x	x	x
Nigeria	510	255	260	x	x	x
Somalia	15	0	10	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	1,150	585	560	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	1,105	535	575	x	x	x
Asia	29,065	13,705	15,360	x	x	x
Afghanistan	570	250	320	x	x	x
Bangladesh	245	110	135	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,420	2,955	3,470	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,000	510	485	x	x	x
India	5,260	2,580	2,675	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,010	520	490	x	x	x
Iraq	945	460	490	x	x	x
Japan	200	50	150	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,000	965	1,040	x	x	x
Lebanon	495	265	225	x	x	x
Pakistan	2,865	1,460	1,405	x	x	x
Philippines	2,555	1,030	1,520	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	670	335	335	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	280	130	150	x	x	x
Taiwan	410	170	245	x	x	x
Viet Nam	635	275	360	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	3,515	1,655	1,860	x	x	x
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	345	170	170	x	x	x
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,180	4,765	5,415	x	x	x
Americas	1,430	670	755	x	x	x
Brazil	100	60	40	x	x	x
Colombia	85	30	55	x	x	x
Cuba	15	10	10	x	x	x
Haiti	0	10	0	x	x	x
Jamaica	15	10	10	x	x	x
Mexico	145	55	90	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	515	220	295	x	x	x
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	210	105	100	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	345	175	170	x	x	x
Europe	1,315	590	725	x	x	x
France	55	25	35	x	x	x
Germany	35	15	25	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	40	35	x	x	x
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	10	10	x	x	x
Romania	55	20	30	x	x	x
Russian Federation	205	90	115	x	x	x
Ukraine	65	20	45	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	385	200	185	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	430	185	245	x	x	x
Africa	1,240	650	595	x	x	x
Algeria	10	0	10	x	x	x
Cameroon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	x	x	x
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	x	x	x
Egypt	735	405	325	x	x	x
Eritrea	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Morocco	10	0	10	x	x	x
Nigeria	235	105	130	x	x	x
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	115	55	55	x	x	x
Tunisia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	140	80	65	x	x	x
Asia	6,105	2,815	3,285	x	x	x
Afghanistan	135	65	70	x	x	x
Bangladesh	75	35	40	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,840	865	975	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	30	0	20	x	x	x
India	785	355	430	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	120	60	60	x	x	x
Iraq	255	145	110	x	x	x
Israel	80	25	55	x	x	x
Japan	30	10	15	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	335	150	180	x	x	x
Lebanon	95	50	40	x	x	x
Nepal	10	10	0	x	x	x
Pakistan	510	250	265	x	x	x
Philippines	840	320	515	x	x	x
Saudi Arabia	135	50	80	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	55	15	40	x	x	x
Taiwan	60	30	30	x	x	x
Turkey	95	60	30	x	x	x
United Arab Emirates	160	65	90	x	x	x
Viet Nam	20	0	10	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	425	215	215	x	x	x
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	90	40	50	x	x	x
Australia	75	35	40	x	x	x
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	x	x	x
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	191,715	92,920	98,795	x	x	x
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	73,255	34,420	38,835	x	x	x
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	54,015	26,935	27,080	x	x	x
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	64,450	31,570	32,880	x	x	x
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	50,005	23,495	26,505	x	x	x
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	33,720	16,890	16,825	x	x	x
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	12,335	8,290	4,045	x	x	x
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	21,380	8,600	12,785	x	x	x
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	11,745	4,340	7,405	x	x	x
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,270	2,130	2,145	x	x	x
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	275	140	135	x	x	x
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	191,715	92,920	98,800	x	x	x
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,415	655	765	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,370	635	735	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	810	345	465	x	x	x
Métis	560	290	270	x	x	x
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	35	15	15	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal identity	190,300	92,265	98,035	x	x	x
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	191,720	92,920	98,795	x	x	x
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	390	170	220	x	x	x
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	191,330	92,750	98,575	x	x	x
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	191,715	92,925	98,795	x	x	x
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	90	40	55	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90	35	50	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	55	30	30	x	x	x
Métis single ancestry	30	10	25	x	x	x
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,590	1,170	1,425	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,565	1,160	1,405	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,815	785	1,030	x	x	x
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	710	365	345	x	x	x
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	0	35	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	10	15	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	10	15	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	189,035	91,715	97,315	x	x	x
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	191,720	92,920	98,800	x	x	x
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	59,075	28,230	30,845	x	x	x
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	17,095	8,430	8,660	x	x	x
Chinese	13,435	6,400	7,035	x	x	x
Black	5,520	2,545	2,970	x	x	x
Filipino	3,710	1,515	2,195	x	x	x
Latin American	3,595	1,620	1,970	x	x	x
Arab	6,095	3,135	2,960	x	x	x
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,030	490	535	x	x	x
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,090	985	1,105	x	x	x
Korean	3,080	1,500	1,580	x	x	x
Japanese	690	315	375	x	x	x
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	810	365	435	x	x	x
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,920	915	1,010	x	x	x
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	132,640	64,690	67,950	x	x	x
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	191,715	92,920	98,795	x	x	x
North American Aboriginal origins	2,685	1,205	1,480	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,905	825	1,075	x	x	x
Inuit	40	0	35	x	x	x
Métis	770	385	385	x	x	x
Other North American origins	34,205	16,555	17,650	x	x	x
Acadian	180	100	85	x	x	x
American	2,295	1,105	1,195	x	x	x
Canadian	32,415	15,715	16,700	x	x	x
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	x	x	x
Newfoundlander	45	20	25	x	x	x
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ontarian	15	10	0	x	x	x
Québécois	60	25	35	x	x	x
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	10	0	x	x	x
European origins	126,415	61,555	64,855	x	x	x
British Isles origins	73,135	35,925	37,205	x	x	x
Channel Islander	40	20	20	x	x	x
Cornish	0	0	0	x	x	x
English	42,280	20,845	21,430	x	x	x
Irish	30,880	15,210	15,665	x	x	x
Manx	55	25	25	x	x	x
Scottish	31,525	15,335	16,190	x	x	x
Welsh	3,040	1,485	1,550	x	x	x
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	6,280	2,965	3,315	x	x	x
French origins	14,265	6,710	7,550	x	x	x
Alsatian	15	0	10	x	x	x
Breton	0	10	0	x	x	x
Corsican	0	0	0	x	x	x
French	14,250	6,700	7,545	x	x	x
Western European origins (except French origins)	22,375	10,940	11,440	x	x	x
Austrian	1,400	700	695	x	x	x
Bavarian	20	0	10	x	x	x
Belgian	685	320	365	x	x	x
Dutch	5,880	2,905	2,975	x	x	x
Flemish	65	25	40	x	x	x
Frisian	10	10	0	x	x	x
German	15,500	7,525	7,980	x	x	x
Luxembourger	60	35	30	x	x	x
Swiss	950	500	450	x	x	x
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,225	2,100	2,125	x	x	x
Danish	1,035	545	490	x	x	x
Finnish	860	420	445	x	x	x
Icelandic	220	110	110	x	x	x
Norwegian	1,080	540	540	x	x	x
Swedish	1,125	515	610	x	x	x
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	215	140	80	x	x	x
Eastern European origins	24,950	12,000	12,955	x	x	x
Bulgarian	560	330	225	x	x	x
Byelorussian	295	145	150	x	x	x
Czech	990	425	560	x	x	x
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	220	90	135	x	x	x
Estonian	260	145	115	x	x	x
Hungarian	2,345	1,075	1,270	x	x	x
Latvian	475	215	255	x	x	x
Lithuanian	580	300	280	x	x	x
Moldovan	90	40	50	x	x	x
Polish	9,890	4,730	5,155	x	x	x
Romanian	2,145	1,030	1,115	x	x	x
Russian	3,315	1,495	1,815	x	x	x
Slovak	1,010	495	510	x	x	x
Ukrainian	6,990	3,480	3,515	x	x	x
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	90	35	55	x	x	x
Southern European origins	37,405	18,595	18,815	x	x	x
Albanian	435	240	195	x	x	x
Bosnian	300	180	120	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	4,045	2,035	2,005	x	x	x
Cypriot	75	30	40	x	x	x
Greek	2,380	1,175	1,205	x	x	x
Italian	16,900	8,440	8,460	x	x	x
Kosovar	35	10	20	x	x	x
Macedonian	980	520	455	x	x	x
Maltese	955	490	465	x	x	x
Montenegrin	110	75	35	x	x	x
Portuguese	7,550	3,770	3,780	x	x	x
Serbian	2,475	1,260	1,215	x	x	x
Sicilian	50	30	20	x	x	x
Slovenian	835	370	465	x	x	x
Spanish	3,835	1,865	1,970	x	x	x
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	350	150	200	x	x	x
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	55	15	40	x	x	x
Other European origins	1,220	595	630	x	x	x
Basque	65	35	30	x	x	x
Jewish	785	370	415	x	x	x
Roma (Gypsy)	30	10	25	x	x	x
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	85	45	40	x	x	x
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	265	135	125	x	x	x
Caribbean origins	5,080	2,285	2,795	x	x	x
Antiguan	30	20	15	x	x	x
Bahamian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Barbadian	465	215	250	x	x	x
Bermudan	25	20	0	x	x	x
Carib	55	20	35	x	x	x
Cuban	215	110	105	x	x	x
Dominican	225	110	115	x	x	x
Grenadian	110	55	60	x	x	x
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haitian	55	20	35	x	x	x
Jamaican	2,535	1,120	1,415	x	x	x
Kittitian/Nevisian	30	0	25	x	x	x
Martinican	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montserratan	20	10	15	x	x	x
Puerto Rican	45	20	20	x	x	x
St. Lucian	80	35	55	x	x	x
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	825	360	470	x	x	x
Vincentian/Grenadinian	100	40	65	x	x	x
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	595	290	310	x	x	x
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	145	50	90	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,715	2,555	3,155	x	x	x
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	125	70	50	x	x	x
Arawak	20	0	20	x	x	x
Argentinian	270	125	140	x	x	x
Belizean	20	15	0	x	x	x
Bolivian	50	20	30	x	x	x
Brazilian	415	170	250	x	x	x
Chilean	210	100	110	x	x	x
Colombian	950	400	550	x	x	x
Costa Rican	70	35	35	x	x	x
Ecuadorian	240	95	145	x	x	x
Guatemalan	75	30	50	x	x	x
Guyanese	590	270	315	x	x	x
Hispanic	90	45	45	x	x	x
Honduran	40	20	20	x	x	x
Maya	25	10	15	x	x	x
Mexican	865	385	480	x	x	x
Nicaraguan	75	30	50	x	x	x
Panamanian	25	10	20	x	x	x
Paraguayan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Peruvian	695	325	370	x	x	x
Salvadorean	170	70	100	x	x	x
Uruguayan	20	10	15	x	x	x
Venezuelan	810	380	430	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	240	100	145	x	x	x
African origins	7,155	3,645	3,515	x	x	x
Central and West African origins	1,050	485	565	x	x	x
Akan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Angolan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Ashanti	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beninese	0	0	10	x	x	x
Burkinabe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cameroonian	20	15	10	x	x	x
Chadian	25	10	10	x	x	x
Congolese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gabonese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gambian	0	0	10	x	x	x
Ghanaian	275	115	155	x	x	x
Guinean	15	0	10	x	x	x
Ibo	50	20	25	x	x	x
Ivorian	10	10	10	x	x	x
Liberian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malinké	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nigerian	545	285	260	x	x	x
Peulh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Senegalese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Togolese	10	0	10	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	100	35	60	x	x	x
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	35	15	25	x	x	x
North African origins	3,495	1,815	1,680	x	x	x
Algerian	80	30	50	x	x	x
Berber	0	0	10	x	x	x
Coptic	100	50	40	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Egyptian	2,965	1,575	1,390	x	x	x
Libyan	25	10	15	x	x	x
Maure	10	10	0	x	x	x
Moroccan	180	80	95	x	x	x
Sudanese	65	30	30	x	x	x
Tunisian	70	25	40	x	x	x
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	90	45	40	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins	1,285	650	635	x	x	x
Afrikaner	45	35	10	x	x	x
Amhara	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	25	10	15	x	x	x
Burundian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Djiboutian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eritrean	45	20	25	x	x	x
Ethiopian	85	20	60	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kenyan	115	60	55	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mauritian	25	15	15	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rwandan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Seychellois	15	0	15	x	x	x
Somali	30	20	10	x	x	x
South African	740	385	355	x	x	x
Tanzanian	20	10	10	x	x	x
Tigrian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ugandan	30	10	15	x	x	x
Zambian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Zimbabwean	70	25	45	x	x	x
Zulu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	130	65	65	x	x	x
Other African origins	1,430	735	695	x	x	x
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	185	95	95	x	x	x
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	1,295	670	625	x	x	x
Asian origins	50,825	24,440	26,385	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	10,075	4,990	5,085	x	x	x
Afghan	1,065	490	575	x	x	x
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,170	580	590	x	x	x
Armenian	515	245	275	x	x	x
Assyrian	75	25	60	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	40	15	25	x	x	x
Georgian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Hazara	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iranian	1,655	810	850	x	x	x
Iraqi	990	470	515	x	x	x
Israeli	145	70	75	x	x	x
Jordanian	560	300	260	x	x	x
Kazakh	45	20	25	x	x	x
Kurd	80	35	45	x	x	x
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	x	x	x
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lebanese	1,450	740	710	x	x	x
Palestinian	920	505	415	x	x	x
Pashtun	60	25	35	x	x	x
Saudi Arabian	130	55	80	x	x	x
Syrian	725	345	380	x	x	x
Tajik	55	20	40	x	x	x
Tatar	90	40	50	x	x	x
Turk	905	510	400	x	x	x
Turkmen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uighur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	65	30	35	x	x	x
Yemeni	45	20	25	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	505	215	290	x	x	x
South Asian origins	17,735	8,735	9,000	x	x	x
Bangladeshi	165	65	100	x	x	x
Bengali	145	75	65	x	x	x
Bhutanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
East Indian	12,615	6,180	6,435	x	x	x
Goan	175	80	95	x	x	x
Gujarati	30	0	25	x	x	x
Kashmiri	40	25	15	x	x	x
Nepali	15	0	10	x	x	x
Pakistani	3,170	1,610	1,560	x	x	x
Punjabi	770	365	410	x	x	x
Sinhalese	130	60	60	x	x	x
Sri Lankan	695	350	340	x	x	x
Tamil	185	90	90	x	x	x
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	925	480	445	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins	23,740	11,095	12,640	x	x	x
Burmese	70	30	45	x	x	x
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	15	15	x	x	x
Chinese	14,840	7,120	7,715	x	x	x
Filipino	4,115	1,680	2,430	x	x	x
Hmong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indonesian	215	100	115	x	x	x
Japanese	990	425	565	x	x	x
Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	3,180	1,550	1,625	x	x	x
Laotian	40	20	20	x	x	x
Malaysian	100	50	55	x	x	x
Mongolian	55	30	30	x	x	x
Singaporean	35	20	20	x	x	x
Taiwanese	155	70	90	x	x	x
Thai	70	30	40	x	x	x
Tibetan	20	0	10	x	x	x
Vietnamese	905	450	460	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	85	35	55	x	x	x
Other Asian origins	155	95	65	x	x	x
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	160	95	65	x	x	x
Oceania origins	445	250	190	x	x	x
Australian	325	170	160	x	x	x
New Zealander	105	85	20	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins	25	15	10	x	x	x
Fijian	15	0	10	x	x	x
Hawaiian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maori	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Samoan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
Owner	54,130	...	...	x	...	...
Renter	12,135	...	...	x	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
Condominium	9,330	...	...	x	...	...
Not condominium	56,940	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	x	...	...
1 bedroom	4,005	...	...	x	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,265	...	...	x	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,335	...	...	x	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30,605	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,060	...	...	x	...	...
5 rooms	7,415	...	...	x	...	...
6 rooms	9,155	...	...	x	...	...
7 rooms	9,540	...	...	x	...	...
8 or more rooms	30,100	...	...	x	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	66,265	...	...	x	...	...
One person or fewer per room	65,570	...	...	x	...	...
More than 1 person per room	705	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
Suitable	64,020	...	...	x	...	...
Not suitable	2,250	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
1960 or before	6,850	...	...	x	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,445	...	...	x	...	...
1981 to 1990	13,590	...	...	x	...	...
1991 to 2000	11,110	...	...	x	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,450	...	...	x	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,625	...	...	x	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	5,200	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	66,265	...	...	x	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	63,990	...	...	x	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,280	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
1 household maintainer	34,470	...	...	x	...	...
2 household maintainers	30,295	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	66,270	...	...	x	...	...
15 to 24 years	740	...	...	x	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,695	...	...	x	...	...
35 to 44 years	12,925	...	...	x	...	...
45 to 54 years	18,665	...	...	x	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,730	...	...	x	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,570	...	...	x	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,130	...	...	x	...	...
85 years and over	1,810	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	66,160	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	49,715	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,440	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,320	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	54,120	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.3	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.8	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,764	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,950	...	...	x	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	800,533	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	883,853	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,135	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.2	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.6	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,416	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,523	...	...	x	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	155,025	74,295	80,725	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,075	8,915	9,155	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	35,120	16,705	18,410	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	101,830	48,670	53,160	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,705	3,775	1,935	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,985	1,740	1,240	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,720	2,030	695	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,055	11,615	15,435	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,255	1,810	2,445	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	64,810	31,465	33,345	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	41,985	19,370	22,615	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,160	1,925	2,235	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,975	1,055	925	x	x	x
Master's degree	14,885	8,035	6,850	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,810	1,090	720	x	x	x
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	101,225	48,235	52,995	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,100	2,305	1,800	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	16,755	8,290	8,460	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80,370	37,635	42,735	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,520	2,370	1,155	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,830	1,100	730	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,690	1,270	420	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	20,210	8,540	11,675	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,955	1,205	1,750	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	53,680	25,525	28,155	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	34,010	15,455	18,550	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,440	1,510	1,930	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,695	855	840	x	x	x
Master's degree	13,055	6,865	6,190	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,480	840	645	x	x	x
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	155,020	74,290	80,730	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	53,195	25,625	27,570	x	x	x
Education	5,275	995	4,275	x	x	x
13. Education	5,270	995	4,275	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,510	1,825	2,685	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	605	465	140	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	3,905	1,355	2,550	x	x	x
Humanities	6,175	1,925	4,250	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	630	100	525	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	1,845	405	1,440	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,825	545	1,280	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	10	10	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	335	170	165	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	120	85	x	x	x
54. History	1,015	545	465	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	310	30	280	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,565	5,615	9,945	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	10	140	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,740	615	1,125	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,545	130	1,420	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	2,465	965	1,495	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	235	55	180	x	x	x
42. Psychology	2,430	535	1,900	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	6,990	3,310	3,685	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	28,200	13,855	14,340	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,240	245	995	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,925	13,595	13,325	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,010	2,325	2,685	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,020	730	1,290	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,255	530	725	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	70	30	40	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	1,545	990	550	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	40	85	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,525	3,570	1,960	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,960	2,765	1,195	x	x	x
25. Library science	255	15	235	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,215	730	490	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	60	35	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,175	13,655	2,515	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	875	585	290	x	x	x
14. Engineering	8,355	6,510	1,840	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,690	2,420	280	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,565	20	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,670	1,615	55	x	x	x
48. Precision production	990	965	30	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	600	535	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	665	330	335	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	475	265	205	x	x	x
Health and related fields	11,120	2,815	8,305	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,220	605	615	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	9,295	1,885	7,405	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	600	320	285	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,140	1,495	1,650	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	1,745	400	1,345	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	25	0	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	920	660	260	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	395	40	x	x	x
Other	10	0	0	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	x	x	x
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	101,225	48,230	52,995	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	20,855	10,595	10,260	x	x	x
Education	3,890	670	3,220	x	x	x
13. Education	3,885	670	3,220	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,340	1,280	2,065	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	390	305	90	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	2,950	980	1,970	x	x	x
Humanities	4,665	1,440	3,230	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	480	65	410	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	1,390	315	1,075	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,415	425	990	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	245	130	110	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	75	60	x	x	x
54. History	750	410	340	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	255	15	230	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,525	4,390	8,135	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	10	90	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,315	420	900	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,190	100	1,085	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	2,125	755	1,370	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	160	45	120	x	x	x
42. Psychology	1,915	395	1,525	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	5,705	2,670	3,030	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	23,240	11,290	11,950	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	900	185	715	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,325	11,095	11,230	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,610	1,570	2,040	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,530	520	1,010	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	920	370	550	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	60	20	35	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	1,040	635	400	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	40	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,930	3,225	1,705	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,695	2,555	1,140	x	x	x
25. Library science	170	15	160	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	980	600	380	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	90	60	30	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	12,210	10,000	2,210	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	740	490	250	x	x	x
14. Engineering	6,725	5,065	1,650	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,895	1,660	235	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	1,110	1,090	20	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,140	1,110	30	x	x	x
48. Precision production	605	585	25	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	890	440	450	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	485	205	280	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	240	170	x	x	x
Health and related fields	8,680	2,190	6,485	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	950	460	485	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	7,190	1,450	5,740	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	540	280	265	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,380	1,145	1,235	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	1,290	295	995	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	10	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	735	535	200	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	335	295	40	x	x	x
Other	0	0	0	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	x	x	x
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	155,025	74,295	80,725	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,190	25,620	27,570	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	101,830	48,670	53,160	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	72,175	34,270	37,905	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	63,410	29,905	33,505	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	8,765	4,365	4,395	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	29,655	14,400	15,255	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,995	2,105	1,885	x	x	x
Philippines	1,465	450	1,010	x	x	x
India	2,365	1,110	1,260	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,900	2,290	1,615	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,910	1,320	1,585	x	x	x
France	205	110	95	x	x	x
Other	14,815	7,005	7,805	x	x	x
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	101,225	48,235	52,990	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,850	10,595	10,260	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	80,370	37,635	42,730	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	57,085	26,755	30,330	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	50,460	23,495	26,965	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	6,625	3,260	3,360	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	23,285	10,880	12,405	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,260	1,655	1,605	x	x	x
Philippines	1,220	335	880	x	x	x
India	1,840	805	1,030	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,160	1,245	920	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,570	1,165	1,405	x	x	x
France	185	100	85	x	x	x
Other	12,050	5,570	6,480	x	x	x
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	155,020	74,295	80,725	x	x	x
In the labour force	105,750	54,240	51,510	x	x	x
Employed	98,460	50,640	47,820	x	x	x
Unemployed	7,295	3,600	3,690	x	x	x
Not in the labour force	49,270	20,050	29,220	x	x	x
Participation rate	68.2	73.0	63.8	x	x	x
Employment rate	63.5	68.2	59.2	x	x	x
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.6	7.2	x	x	x
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	155,020	74,290	80,725	x	x	x
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	45,925	18,510	27,420	x	x	x
Worked	109,095	55,785	53,305	x	x	x
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	56,875	32,290	24,585	x	x	x
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	52,220	23,495	28,725	x	x	x
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.2	41.4	x	x	x
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	105,750	54,240	51,505	x	x	x
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,170	1,035	1,135	x	x	x
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	103,580	53,205	50,375	x	x	x
Employee	88,780	43,995	44,785	x	x	x
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	14,800	9,215	5,585	x	x	x
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	105,750	54,240	51,510	x	x	x
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,170	1,035	1,135	x	x	x
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	103,575	53,210	50,375	x	x	x
0 Management occupations	18,385	11,720	6,665	x	x	x
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	19,810	7,130	12,680	x	x	x
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,910	7,530	2,385	x	x	x
3 Health occupations	5,970	1,520	4,445	x	x	x
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,020	3,780	8,245	x	x	x
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,215	1,890	2,325	x	x	x
6 Sales and service occupations	22,415	10,245	12,170	x	x	x
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,175	6,750	425	x	x	x
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,060	780	280	x	x	x
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,630	1,865	760	x	x	x
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	105,750	54,240	51,510	x	x	x
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,170	1,030	1,135	x	x	x
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	103,580	53,205	50,370	x	x	x
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	140	125	x	x	x
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	325	265	60	x	x	x
22 Utilities	670	505	165	x	x	x
23 Construction	4,900	4,105	800	x	x	x
31-33 Manufacturing	8,020	5,455	2,565	x	x	x
41 Wholesale trade	5,780	3,620	2,165	x	x	x
44-45 Retail trade	11,255	5,485	5,770	x	x	x
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,775	2,685	1,085	x	x	x
51 Information and cultural industries	3,255	1,960	1,295	x	x	x
52 Finance and insurance	10,675	5,720	4,955	x	x	x
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,095	1,515	1,585	x	x	x
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	13,540	7,820	5,725	x	x	x
55 Management of companies and enterprises	500	280	215	x	x	x
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,805	2,155	1,650	x	x	x
61 Educational services	8,165	2,115	6,045	x	x	x
62 Health care and social assistance	9,345	2,005	7,340	x	x	x
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,210	1,070	1,135	x	x	x
72 Accommodation and food services	6,145	2,760	3,385	x	x	x
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,615	1,290	2,325	x	x	x
91 Public administration	4,250	2,265	1,985	x	x	x
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	98,455	50,640	47,815	x	x	x
Worked at home	10,615	5,390	5,220	x	x	x
Worked outside Canada	735	525	210	x	x	x
No fixed workplace address	8,280	5,605	2,670	x	x	x
Worked at usual place	78,830	39,115	39,715	x	x	x
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	78,830	39,120	39,710	x	x	x
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,400	11,920	16,480	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,690	3,090	3,600	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	43,400	23,905	19,495	x	x	x
Commute to a different province or territory	340	205	135	x	x	x
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	87,110	44,725	42,385	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a driver	63,340	33,360	29,975	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,780	1,945	2,835	x	x	x
Public transit	14,625	7,365	7,265	x	x	x
Walked	2,895	1,200	1,690	x	x	x
Bicycle	555	425	125	x	x	x
Other method	925	435	490	x	x	x
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	87,110	44,725	42,385	x	x	x
Less than 15 minutes	17,800	7,910	9,890	x	x	x
15 to 29 minutes	24,230	11,230	13,000	x	x	x
30 to 44 minutes	17,775	9,730	8,050	x	x	x
45 to 59 minutes	11,370	6,630	4,740	x	x	x
60 minutes and over	15,930	9,230	6,705	x	x	x
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	87,110	44,730	42,390	x	x	x
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,275	3,160	1,115	x	x	x
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,915	8,180	4,740	x	x	x
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,765	13,515	13,250	x	x	x
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	21,085	9,525	11,565	x	x	x
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,170	4,855	6,315	x	x	x
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,895	5,495	5,400	x	x	x
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	112,355	57,295	55,060	x	x	x
Single responses	110,465	56,435	54,030	x	x	x
Official languages	109,375	55,815	53,560	x	x	x
English	108,835	55,720	53,120	x	x	x
French	545	95	445	x	x	x
Non-official languages	1,090	620	470	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,085	620	470	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	25	20	0	x	x	x
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Arabic	20	20	0	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	10	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	10	0	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	375	210	165	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	115	55	60	x	x	x
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages	120	55	60	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bulgarian	0	10	0	x	x	x
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	55	30	25	x	x	x
Russian	50	15	35	x	x	x
Serbian	0	10	0	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	0	0	10	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	30	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	30	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Urdu	20	10	10	x	x	x
Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pashto	10	10	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	170	105	70	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Portuguese	80	55	15	x	x	x
Romanian	15	10	0	x	x	x
Spanish	75	35	40	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	30	10	25	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	95	45	45	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	315	220	x	x	x
Chinese languages	535	320	215	x	x	x
Cantonese	40	25	15	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	470	270	200	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	20	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
Estonian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	1,890	860	1,030	x	x	x
English and French	575	195	380	x	x	x
English and non-official language	1,245	630	610	x	x	x
French and non-official language	10	10	0	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	55	20	35	x	x	x
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	112,355	57,290	55,060	x	x	x
None	105,910	54,155	51,760	x	x	x
English	930	375	555	x	x	x
French	2,215	1,035	1,180	x	x	x
Non-official language	3,155	1,660	1,495	x	x	x
Aboriginal	10	10	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	3,140	1,650	1,490	x	x	x
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x
English and non-official language	10	0	0	x	x	x
French and non-official language	130	65	60	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	190,215	92,080	98,135	x	x	x
Non-movers	167,795	81,350	86,445	x	x	x
Movers	22,420	10,735	11,685	x	x	x
Non-migrants	10,005	4,740	5,270	x	x	x
Migrants	12,415	5,995	6,415	x	x	x
Internal migrants	9,165	4,405	4,760	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	8,120	3,855	4,270	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	1,045	555	490	x	x	x
External migrants	3,250	1,590	1,660	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	182,765	88,380	94,390	x	x	x
Non-movers	115,045	55,645	59,400	x	x	x
Movers	67,715	32,735	34,990	x	x	x
Non-migrants	27,400	13,165	14,230	x	x	x
Migrants	40,315	19,565	20,755	x	x	x
Internal migrants	27,520	13,420	14,100	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	24,720	12,035	12,685	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	2,800	1,385	1,415	x	x	x
External migrants	12,795	6,145	6,655	x	x	x

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oakville, T [Census subdivision], Ontario and Hesquiat 1, IRI [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 22, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oakville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Hesquiat 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oakville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Hesquiat 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oakville, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario and Hesquiat 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia